METHOD AND DEVICE OF CARBON-DIOXIDE DECOMPOSITION

Info

Publication number: 20150008137
Type: Application
Filed: Oct 30, 2013
Publication Date: Jan 8, 2015
Inventors: Shu-Chin CHEN (Pingzhen City), Wei FANG (Taipei), Yen-Wen LU (Taipei), Hsun-Yi CHEN (Taipei)
Application Number: 14/066,831

Abstract

In this proposal, we provide a highly original solution to resolve/decompose carbon dioxide into useful by-products which provide industrial values to businesses around the world and meanwhile carbon emission control is the most importance. By taking high energy of light particles from Ultraviolet light, our innovational equation, (uv)+CO2+(AgM)+2H2→2H2O+(4e−Δ)+C4+(AgM)+[4e−↓]→C+(AgM), is designed to break the quantum effect of electron bond between carbon and oxygen, hence to restore carbon and release oxygen to achieve reduction of green house gas.

Description

Description

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is to propose effective countermeasures against the present situation of continuous increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere. On May 10, 2013, scientists announced that the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration reached a record high on May 9, 2013, which was entirely attributed to human factors and should be address urgently. The greenhouse gas station located in Hawaii measured an atmospheric carbon dioxide content of 400 ppm on May 9, 2013, while the measurement in San Diego of California was 400.08 ppm. The station located in Hawaii is under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Tanz, a senior scientist at NOAA, said that “what we see today is completely caused by human activities.” Burning of fossil fuels and the extraction of crude oil to produce gasoline has resulted in massive increases of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the air. By the end of the Ice Age; it took 7,000 years for the level of carbon dioxide to reach 80 ppm; however, it only took 55 years to reach to this level due to the use of fossil fuels. According to previous studies, the carbon dioxide concentration level reached the level of 400 ppm about 2 million years ago (Pleistocene) when Earth's temperature was higher and ice was less. At the time, Greenland was covered by forest and the sea level was about 10˜20 meters higher than the present level. Some studies also claimed that such a high level of carbon dioxide concentration was the first time in about 3˜5 million years or even 10 million years. It is undoubtedly that 400 ppm is the record high level in human history since the “modern mankind” first appeared in Africa around 200,000 years ago. Mann, a climatologist at Pennsylvania State University, said that the pace of change is a scourge. If the carbon dioxide content rises by about 100 ppm in a few thousand or hundred years, plants and animals may adapt to the change. However, they cannot adapt to the present pace of increase. The data measured before the industrial era was about 280 ppm. The atmospheric carbon dioxide content was about 315 ppm in 1958 when the monitoring procedure began. It continuously increases by 2 ppm per year at the pace of about 100 times of that of the Ice Age. The increase may accelerate and the level may reach 800 ppm by the end of this century. Scientists have argued that the global warming level may exceed the bearable level of the planet and its biology by 2° C. and above. However, the Director of the Atmospheric Change/Environment Institute of London School of Politics and Economy, stated that, “We are making prehistoric atmospheric conditions, human society is faced with the enormous risks that may lead to disaster. Only the emergent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can reduce the carbon dioxide levels to avoid grave consequences of climate going back to prehistoric conditions”. According to the latest data, in 2011, an average of 1.09 million kg of carbon dioxide was released to the air worldwide, and the annual total was 38.2 billion tons.

(Source: UDN, 2013/5/11/reporter: Huai-tung Peng)

DEFINITIONS OF SYMBOLS IN EQUATIONS

1. (uv)=Ultraviolet light

2. CO₂=Carbon dioxide

3. H₂=Hydrogen molecule

4. O₂=Oxygen molecule

5. C=Carbon molecule

6. H₂O=Water molecule

7. 4e⁻↑=4 electrons (output)

8. 4e⁻↓=4 electrons (input)

9. [4e⁻↓]=4 electrons (input by a static generator)

10. (4e⁻Δ)=entropy (electric energy→thermal)

11. H⁺=hydrogen ion (proton)

12. C⁴⁺=ion carbon (predecessor of carbon reduction)

13. C⁴⁺(Ag^M)=the transient state of ion carbon

14. Introduction of (Ag^M)

- A field that allows the photochemical reaction, catalysis, and dissociation of carbon dioxide at the instant when the high frequency light quantum of UV excites the bonding of carbon dioxide. Its purpose is to guide the pure energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) under transition after being excited to the external electron loader for consumption, so that the carbon dioxide is temporarily dissociated into ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and oxygen molecules (O₂) due to the loss of electrons on the outer track. It is a four function interface of catalysis, dissociation, transient, and reduction of carbon dioxide.

Decomposition of Reaction Equations

(H₂pole) 2H₂→4H⁺+4e⁻↑

(CO₂pole) (uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)→C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+O₂+4e⁻↑.

Reduction of Reaction Equations

(CO₂pole) C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+(Ag^M)

(H₂O pole) O₂+4H⁺+8e⁻↓→2H₂O+4e⁻↓+(4e⁻Δ)

- Note:
  - The 8e⁻↓ of (H₂O pole) is the sum of the 4e⁻↑ outputted by hydrogen pole and the 4e⁻↑ outputted by the carbon dioxide pole. The electrons of the sum 8e⁻↓ remain in the subsequent reactions. The 4e⁻↓ can reach energy conservation during the hydrogen-oxygen water synthesis process, and the 4e⁻↓ can not reach equilibrium by voluntary compensation. It reaches energy conservation by consuming sensible heat in the form of entropy (4e⁻Δ).

Complete Reaction Equations (2 Stages)

(uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)+2H₂→2H₂O+(4e⁻Δ)+C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+2H₂O+(Ag^M).

The present invention presents a method for the dissociation of carbon dioxide. The method uses the properties of (Ag^M), absorbing ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) dissociated from carbon dioxide to convert ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) into the state of C⁴⁺(Ag^M). This allows the dissociated oxygen molecules (O₂) to penetrate into the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode and interact with 4 protons (4H⁺), thus resulting in water by reduction (2H₂O). When the continuous reaction is near saturation, the second stage reduction reaction starts to release the amorphous carbon molecular structures reduced from the carbon at the state of C⁴⁺(Ag^M), pending the next cycle of dissociation and recycling. The present invention utilizes the good electrical conductivity, oxygen penetration, electrostatic adsorption and flexibility for bending processing of (Ag^M) material. The (Ag^M) material is characterized by having no quantum tunneling effect by UV light quantum excitation. The present invention can thus solve the problem of the unbreakable “carbon-hydrogen” chemical bonding of carbon dioxide. With the stage-reaction procedure, the present invention provides the world's first carbon dioxide dissociation and recovery arrangements. In addition to the dissociation of carbon dioxide to reduce it into carbon (C) for recovery and water (H₂O) for discharge, the present invention also has the function of fuel cell to minimize the energy consumption of the carbon dioxide dissociation process. Moreover, it can recover high purity amorphous carbon molecular structures, and thus has the practical value of reducing greenhouse gases and industrial utility.

One of the processes of the embodiment of the present invention of (Ag^M) material is to coat a silver plating film on a high density copper mesh grid of pore (hole) sized about 300 μm by electroplating. The coated silver plating film can fully cover and fill each interwoven crevice of the copper mesh grid. On one hand, it can prevent displacement at the junction of the mesh grid; on the other hand, the copper mesh coated with silver after electroplating can have a porous appearance of silver. Moreover, at the micro scale, the surface is covered with convex and concave smooth contact, so that the (Ag^M) material has a great catalytic area to temporarily adsorb the dissociated ion-carbons (C⁴⁺) by the electrostatic forces. On the smooth convex-concave structural surface of the (Ag^M) material after electroplating, holes that are unfilled are distributed to facilitate the free oxygen molecule to penetrate the insulating film and enter the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode, in order to react with protons and produce water. The pore size of (Ag^M) material is in the range of 150 μm.˜200 μm. which is the characteristic of the present invention (Ag^M) material.

The second process of the embodiment of the present invention is to bend said (Ag^M) material into a wave shape, thus increasing the mechanical strength of the material and the amount of (Ag^M) material in a limited reaction space. It can effectively increase the contact area of (Ag^M) material and ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) in reaction. First, a piece of (Ag^M) material of dimensions suitable is selected for the carbon dioxide dissociation method, and is repeatedly bent to form a folding-shaped structure as the electrode plate of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode of the present invention. The finished structure is used as the four-contact field for the carbon dioxide dissociation, catalyst, adsorption and electronic conductivity.

2. Description of Related Art

The existing techniques and methods can temporarily absorb carbon dioxide to a specific material, such as NaOH. The reaction equation is: NaOH+CO₂→NaHCO₃. However, its chemical action has limitations. When NaOH material adsorbs carbon dioxide to the saturation level, none of the reaction is sustainable, such as the situation experienced by the U.S. Apollo 13 spacecraft. Although using specific absorption material can handle the emergency of excessively high carbon dioxide concentration, there is no practical value to the massive carbon dioxide reduction. Some recent studies have applied “cyanobacteria” photosynthesis ability to deal with high concentration plant carbon dioxide emissions. However, cyanobacteria are subject to sunlight, temperature, and photosynthetic efficiency, and require vast land area, thus causing bottlenecks in practice. It is not a good method for greenhouse gas reduction.

In 2005, Toyo University of Japan proposed a method for the dissociation of carbon dioxide and carbon particle structure formation, which was awarded with the invention patent of PRC No. ZL 200580017005.4. However, it only reached the stage of laboratory-based theoretical validation, lacking of practicality. The aforementioned carbon dioxide dissociation technology only proves that the chemical bond of carbon dioxide can be broken by photons while retain the carbon particle structure. Continuous implementation of the patented technique may be difficult due to inherent technical difficulties or problems. The patented technology is to confine gaseous carbon dioxide to react within a container of 466 kg/m³in density, 7.38 MPa in pressure and 304.2° K in temperature. In continuous reaction, the “carbon-hydrogen” chemical bond of the carbon dioxide molecules limited in the container releases 4 free electrons (4e⁻) and 2 oxygen molecules (O₂) after being broken by the impact of the photons. Without subsequent processing mechanisms, such as the innovative double-loop fuel cell system of the present invention to have the compensation mechanism of combining protons (H⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂) into water (H₂O) to effectively recover the pure energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻), the reaction due to overheating may not occur. As free electrons are pure energy, under the law of conservation of energy, the UV laser used to cut off the “carbon-oxygen” electronic bond as proposed by Toyo University is also the source of energy; therefore, UV laser pure energy coupled with the pure energy of 4 free electrons (4e⁻) released during the dissociation of each carbon dioxide molecule, whether valid or invalid, will present energy conservation in the form of waste heat and accumulate in the limited space of the closed container. As a result, the container's temperature and pressure rise suddenly to a dangerous level under the long time reaction. Moreover, in the technology implementation process, carbon dioxide is not continuously input and the oxygen is not continuously discharged, therefore, the carbon dioxide concentration in the container is bound to decrease continuously. The concentration of oxygen relatively increases, and the carbon dioxide dissociation efficiency decreases until dissociation is invalid. The present invention proposes to use the two groups of electrode plates of the innovative double-loop fuel cell to recover and reuse the electric energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) during the carbon dioxide dissociation process. This facilitates the dissociated oxygen molecule (O₂) from the carbon dioxide dissociation process and protons (H⁺) from hydrogen catalytic electrode to carry out the compensation reaction, thus generating (H₂O) without accumulation. In this way, the technical bottleneck on the continuous implementation of the patent of Toyo University can be overcome. In addition, the present invention elaborately uses the innovative double-loop fuel cell system to recover and reuse the pure energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) under transition during the dissociation of each carbon dioxide molecule. Moreover, the innovative (Ag^M) material is used as the catalytic electrode plate of the carbon dioxide electrodes to force the dissociated ion-carbons (C⁴⁺) to adsorb to the surface of (Ag^M) material to form the carbon in the state of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) by static electric force, in order to facilitate the recycling of carbon. In this way, the present invention can dissociate carbon dioxide, as well as recycle amorphous carbon molecular structures and electric energy, to achieve the purpose of reducing the global greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide. The present invention overcomes the problem of the patent of Toyo University that more carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the power consuming laser intended to dissociate carbon dioxide to reduce greenhouse gases. The patent of Toyo University can theoretically to prove that carbon dioxide can be dissociated, but lacks practical value.

Although the patent of Toyo University has proved that UV laser can be used for the dissociation of carbon dioxide, the great power consumption of UV laser considerably increases the carbon dioxide emissions of the power plant. The amount of carbon dioxide dissociated by UV laser is limited. Obviously, the carbon emissions increased by the power consumption of UV laser is far more than the amount of carbon dioxide that can be dissociated or recycled. Therefore, the patented method of Toyo University has no practical value in reducing carbon dioxide. Moreover, the energy light sources of the patent of Toyo University are limited to multiplier UV laser, including wavelength 355 nm (treble frequency), wavelength 266 nm (quadruple frequency), or quasi-molecular laser wavelength 248 nm. The key point is that the implementation method of the patent has no specific design for the adsorption of ion-carbons (C⁴⁺) to convert them in the state of C⁴⁺(Ag^M). In other words, the patent of Toyo University lacks the design of consuming the pure energy of free electrons and overlooks the physical mechanism of energy conservation. The dissociated carbon molecules can only adsorb at the surface of a specific metal, making continuous reaction impossible. The patented method also lacks the design for the extraction of the temporarily free oxygen molecule (O₂). The extraction of oxygen molecule (O₂) is to ensure that no bonding with ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) will occur. Moreover, the patented method also lacks the innovative double-loop fuel cell power recovery system of the present invention, which aims to force the temporarily free oxygen molecule (O₂) due to loss of bonding electrons to bind with the protons (H⁺) dissociated by the hydrogen catalytic electrode, in order to generate the new, stable bonds to produce water (H₂O). In the present invention, the source of reaction does lead to the re-bonding of oxygen molecules (O₂) and ion-carbons (C⁴⁺). It allows the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) released by each carbon dioxide molecule to achieve the energy conservation without invalid thermal energy. For this reason, the patent of Toyo University uses the concentrated high energy of frequency laser beams to force some parts of the reduced carbon particles to adsorb onto the surface of limited types of metal plates. The patented method can only prove that carbon dioxide can be dissociated; however, the method is of no practical use in industries. By comparison, the present invention takes advantage of the diffusion (scattered) UV light that covers the entire reaction space to excite the electronic bonds of carbon dioxide to the largest extent, so that the excited bonding electrons can pass through the tunnels to achieve the purpose of carbon dissociation and oxygen binding. Hence, the present invention is not limited by the multiplier frequency wavelengths. It can use the full frequency range of UV spectrum to maximize the source of photons, and the probability of interaction between photons and carbon dioxide molecules. For example, the high-energy photons that are produced by arc discharge or the UV photons that are discharged by the mercury vapor excited by tungsten can be applied freely. It is not limited to the multiplier frequency laser beams that cover an extremely small range. It can effectively cut off the “carbon-oxygen” bonds to achieve the purpose of carbon dioxide dissociation. The energy efficiency is very high and the cost is very low with ground-breaking innovative and energy saving effect. It is far better than the simple theoretical design of Toyo University for laboratory experiment. The progressiveness of the present invention is indeed obvious.

One of the progressive features of the present invention is that the innovative double-loop fuel cell system can effectively address the problem of waste heat of energy conservation of energy and momentum between before and after the dissociation of carbon dioxide by photons and also recover the electronic energy. By comparison of the patented technology from Toyo University, their dissociation of “carbon-oxygen” bonds is unable to solve the problem of the waste heat. The present invention is far more progressive. Moreover, the photon has energy and momentum. The direction of the momentum is the moving direction of electromagnetic wave, and its energy is the division of Planck's constant by electromagnetic wavelength. Upon the principle of energy conservation and by using the momentum and energy of (uv) ultraviolet to interact with carbon dioxide molecules (CO₂), so that the electron bonding between carbon and oxygen can be stimulated then transitions, this present invention recovers the electronic energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) released from the carbon dioxide under the impact of photons through one of the loops of the double-loop fuel cell, in order to prevent them from becoming invalid thermal energy. Therefore, the carbon dioxide dissociation process can carry on and will not be interrupted by overheating.

Another progressive feature of the present invention is to innovatively convert the inert gas of carbon dioxide into one of the fuel sources of double-loop fuel cell. The present invention takes advantage of the unique second complimentary loop to fill the electronic holes, in order to change the inert gas into one of the fuel cell power generating substances. This completely subverts the traditional rule of thumb in selecting the fuel cell power generating substances, and also has a great impact on the deep-rooted recognition of the inert gas of carbon dioxide. The present invention utilizes the quantum effect of UV to break the strong carbon-oxygen bonds of the original non-combustible inert gas carbon dioxide. It also applies the electron compensation mechanism to successfully dissociate carbon dioxide to produce oxygen molecule (O₂), and transform it into the compensation bonds of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water (H₂O). In this way, the original non-combustible inert gas carbon dioxide becomes the power generating material of the fuel cell due to the mechanism of transit electrons releasing oxygen. This is an innovative breakthrough of the existing theory, and a direct challenge to the existing knowledge on fuel cell technology. Therefore, the design principles and technical architecture of the present invention are far beyond the technical scope of CN1956917A and JP6-68854A of Toyo University, Japan. Moreover, no study has used the original non-combustible inert gas carbon dioxide as the power generating substance of fuel cell. Neither there is any precedent about ground-breaking innovative conception of using carbon dioxide as a combustible substance in application. Carbon dioxide is mainly used in fire distinguisher for “stop burning” purposes. In this regard, the present invention has moved beyond the conventional understanding of physical and chemical communities. Hence, the present invention cannot be categorized in the field of fuel cell application technology. The above embodiments can effectively prove that the progressiveness and novelty of the present invention is very clear.

The present invention can be effectively applied in the full range of UV spectrum, such as the high energy photons covering the full range of UV spectrum generated by arc discharge. It uses the UV light of mercury vapor excited by tungsten and is not limited by the multiplier frequency laser. Therefore, the acquisition, operation and maintenance cost of light source are reliable and low. As the output frequency and photon particle density of the light source of arc discharge are high, it can be applied in the recovery of carbon dioxide emissions generated by large scale systems, such as thermal power plant, steel plant, cement plant, petrochemical refining plant, waste incineration plants to recover high density carbon dioxide after electrostatic precipitation and water cleaning. As a result, the industries can reduce the cost for carbon dioxide emission taxation. The UV light of mercury vapor excited by tungsten discharge is applicable to the large scale systems used in places such as submarine, space station, and spacecraft to solve the problem of carbon dioxide accumulation or toxicity in special environments. Regarding the UV light application, the present invention does not consider the concentration of light. Any UV light in the frequency range of 100 nm˜400 nm can randomly excite the “carbon-oxygen” electronic bonds of carbon dioxide in the space of the reaction chamber, in order to temporarily dissociate the carbon-oxygen bonds of the carbon dioxide molecules. It can facilitate the dissociated oxygen molecule (O₂) to smoothly penetrate into the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode to react with protons (H⁺), and further produce water (H₂O) and free ion-carbon (C⁴⁺). Due to the loss of 4 free electrons (4e⁻), ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) is forced to be adsorbed to the surface of the (Ag^M) material by electrostatic force to result in C⁴⁺(Ag^M). Ultimately, the main purpose of recycling carbon dioxide to reduce the greenhouse gases is achieved. In addition to the above industrial contributions, more importantly, the present invention allows the greenhouse gas with an accumulated concentration up to 400 ppm to be process, thus slowing down the increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere or even reduce the amount. As a result, the climatic change and extreme weather facing the world can be improved. The present invention is the most direct method of reducing the global carbon dioxide, besides the natural mechanism of photosynthesis. The present invention can be directly applied in places such as thermal power plant, steel plant, cement plant, petrochemical refining plant, and waste incineration plant, as well as transportation vehicles such as submarine, space station and spacecraft. The space and deep sea are extremely important fields of exploration for mankind. The present invention provides a life-sustaining solution in the exploration process of space and deep sea.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention of a carbon dioxide dissociation and recycling method is the first method to dissociate the strong electronic bonds of carbon dioxide, thus reducing carbon dioxide and recycling carbon by applying the concept of industrial processes. It can be applied all day along, and thus, doubles the time efficiency of the consumption of carbon dioxide by plant photosynthesis. Without pollution and scale limitation, the method has no regional differences. For example, it can be applied in desert, sea, Polar Regions or underground caves. Unlike photosynthesis, the proposed method does not need to consider sunlight, temperature, cloud and haze.

The present invention can be precisely described by the equation below:

(uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)+2H₂→2H₂O+(4e⁻Δ)+C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+2H₂O+(Ag^M).

The left part of the above equation is the first stage of the reaction. The first key point of this stage is to utilize the UV quantum effect to dissociate carbon dioxide (CO₂) into ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and oxygen (O₂). The second key point is to dissociate hydrogen (H₂) into proton (H⁺).
The central part of the above equation is the second stage of the reaction, and its key point is the reaction of oxygen (O₂) and proton (H⁺) to generate compensation bonds in order to produce water (H₂O). Ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) is forced to combine with (Ag^M) rather than oxygen (O₂) by electrostatic force, thus generating the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. In addition, the thermal energy of free electrons (4e⁻↑) that cannot realize self-compensation is consumed in the form of entropy (4e⁻Δ) to achieve energy conservation.
Finally, the energy input by the external electron producer [4e⁻↓] is transferred to the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon, allowing ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) to obtain the compensatory 4 electrons [4e⁻↓] and reduce the balance. Hence, it is freed from the binding of the electrostatic force of (Ag^M) material and reduced to the carbon molecule and (Ag^M) material as indicated in the far right part of the equation.
The equation of the present invention abides by all known physical principles of quantum physics, thermodynamics and law of energy conservation. It can be used to dissociate carbon dioxide (CO₂) and absorb amorphous carbon molecular structures as well as electrical energy.

The research team of the present invention has been searching for a method to dissociate carbon dioxide (CO₂) into carbon (C) and oxygen (O₂). However, without appropriate tools and methods, the research team firmly believed that the electronic binding of “carbon-oxygen” of the carbon dioxide molecule is very strong and is one of the most unbreakable chemical structures. Nevertheless, the carbon dioxide dissociation mechanism of plant photosynthesis has been evolved for thousands of years. The mechanism represented by the reaction equation of 6CO₂+6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂↑ can effectively dissociate carbon dioxide to convert the carbon dioxide into the carbon-hydrogen compounds for the use of the plant (C₆H₁₂O₆). Meanwhile, oxygen molecules (O₂) useless to the plant are discharged. After overcoming the technical barrier, the research team realized that the “carbon-oxygen” electronic chemical bonds of carbon dioxide molecule are not unbreakable as imagined. With the effective method, carbon dioxide and sequester carbon can be dissociated. Therefore, this research team devoted to explore ways to dissociate carbon dioxide dissociation into carbon (C) and oxygen (O₂), and found that carbon dioxide cannot be dissociated successfully with low frequency visible lights as in the photosynthesis of plants due to lack of enzyme ATP. Referring to the photoelectric principles of plant photosynthesis, the research team used the quantum effect of high frequency UV light to randomly impact the binding electrons of carbon dioxide, thus creating the quantum tunneling effect by excitation of high frequency photons. The 4 free electrons (4e⁻) are freed from the binding force of the bond and consumed in the outside electric conductive loop. In this way, carbon dioxide can be temporarily dissociated into C⁴⁺(Ag^M) carbon and oxygen molecule (O₂). The electrons going through the tunnel at the excitation of UV light and temporarily getting off the track of the carbon dioxide bond are returned back to the original track (energy level) once the external energy is gone. Hence, the dissociated ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂) are very unstable and may bind at any time to reduce the stable state of carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is thus very important to maintain the stability of ion-carbon (C⁴⁺). The key to the problem is to find a method to extract oxygen molecule (O₂) in real-time and make the re-binding of ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂) unable. In other words, the key technical point of the proposed carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissociation method is the innovative original double-loop fuel cell.

The embodiment of the present invention utilizes the UV light in the frequency range of 100 nm˜400 nm to cut off the “carbon-oxygen” bonding electrons of carbon dioxide molecule. It applies the well-known quantum-excited tunneling effect in physics, which is a photoelectric effect of using high frequency photons to randomly impact the bonding electrons of carbon dioxide. As a result, the bonding force between carbon dioxide molecule's “carbon-oxygen” bonding electrons is temporarily cut off to allow oxygen molecule (O₂) to get out of the binding force of carbon dioxide molecule's bond, and react with the hydrogen protons generated by hydrogen catalytic electrode to produce water (H₂O). Hence, the dissociated ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) by force is adsorbed onto the surface of the (Ag^M) material to become C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon by electrostatic force, thus effectively achieving carbon dioxide dissociation and carbon recycling. Light is composed of a limited amount of dot-shaped energy particles, also known as light particles or photons. The energy of each photon is equal to the multiplication of light frequency and Planck constant. When the photon randomly impacts the atom with mass, the energy is transferred to the electrons surrounding the nuclei of the atom or the bonding electrons of compound. As a result, the impacted electrons are excited due to the additional energy, and leave the original tracks to transit as free electrons and break way from the binding of the track. The transition of the bonding electrons of “carbon-oxygen” bond of the carbon dioxide molecule under the impact of photons is an example. In general, a photon can transfer all the energy to the electrons that are randomly impacted; however, some electrons only absorb the energy of some photons. Therefore, if the light frequency is not sufficiently high, regardless of the light intensity, the impacted electrons cannot get off the original track to transit and become free electrons. If the frequency range of all photons is considered, as photon is an “identical particle”, a group of photons follows in space “Bose—Einstein statistics” rather than the “Boltzmann statistics”, followed by classical gas molecules. To maximize the photon and carbon dioxide collision probability, in addition to photon frequency, it is positively correlated to the interactive carbon dioxide density. The collision probability is greater if the density is higher. Moreover, the movement of carbon dioxide gas in a closed space follows the “Boyle's Law”. The movement of an individual or a group of carbon dioxide molecules in the closed container has no specific position or vector. The movement is faster if the temperature is higher. However, compared to the speed of light at 300,000 km per second, the momentum and direction of carbon dioxide molecule are very close to the stationary state. Therefore, in the instance of the interaction of photon and carbon dioxide molecule, the position, vector and speed of carbon dioxide molecule can be ignored. The photon frequency and density need to be considered. In the present invention, the frequency of light applied to carbon dioxide photons can be the full range of UV spectrum, that is, UV light in the frequency range of 400˜100 nanometer. The bonding electrons of “carbon-oxygen” bond can be excited to transit with differences in the probability of interaction. The probability is lower when the frequency is higher; meanwhile, the transiting energy of the bonding electrons is stronger. In particular, the photon and carbon dioxide molecule's interaction probability is nearly identical for the coherent laser light source as compared to the general incoherent diffusive (scattering) light source under the condition of same frequency. However, the covering area of the laser beam is limited and cannot be compared with the scattering/diffusive light source. The diffusive light source can cover the entire space of interaction. Moreover, it requires only one photo to impact the bond of the carbon dioxide molecule. Therefore, among a group of coherent photons, only one photon can interact with the carbon dioxide molecule, and the rest photons are all invalid. Moreover, as laser beam is directed to a single direction, it limits the area and probability of photons to randomly react with carbon dioxide molecule in space. Hence, the reason for using the full range of UV spectrum rather than the multiplier frequency laser beams in the present invention is very obvious. In the same reaction space, regarding the energy efficiency of laser beam and general UV, the covering area of laser light is limited and cannot be compared with that of the diffusive light source. The diffusive light source can cover the entire reaction space to increase the probability of interaction to excite the bonding electrons of carbon dioxide molecules in the reaction space at any time. Once the electrons are in contact with the (Ag^M) material, it can immediately absorb the ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) to release the energy of free electrons (4e⁻) to be consumed by the electron load. Hence, ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) accumulates on the surface of (Ag^M) material due to the loss of 4 free electrons (4e⁻) to become the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon and release oxygen molecule (O₂). Based the above principle of operation, laser beam limits the range and frequency of photons' impacting randomly carbon dioxide molecules in the same space. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention uses the full spectrum of UV light to maximize the probability of interaction between photon and carbon dioxide molecule. The photon efficiency of applying the full range of UV spectrum by the present invention is better than the efficiency of multiplier laser beam of the patented technology of Toyo University, Japan. It should be particularly emphasized that the mechanism of exciting carbon dioxide molecule's “carbon-oxygen” bonding electrons to transit and result in tunneling effect needs to consider light frequency rather than light intensity or coherence. Therefore, the carbon dioxide dissociation mechanism is positively correlated to light frequency, and is irrelevant to light coherence or intensity. For this reason, the use of laser beam for the dissociation of carbon dioxide is a waste of energy.

Although the present invention cannot dissociate carbon dioxide by using the low frequency visible lights like plants, the quantum effect of high frequency UV light is used to randomly impact the bonding electrons of carbon dioxide molecules, thus causing the quantum tunneling effect of bonding electrons at the excitation of high frequency photons. As a result, 4 free electrons (4e⁻) can break way from the binding of the bonding to enter the outside conductive loop, so that carbon dioxide molecule can be temporarily dissociated into ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂). The present invention applies the two-stage dissociation procedure to effectively dissociate the strong “carbon-oxygen” electron bonding of the carbon dioxide molecule. In the first stage, carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecule is broken down into ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂); in the second stage, (C⁴⁺) is converted into C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon and the oxygen is combined with hydrogen into water, as indicated by the following equation:

(uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)+2H₂→2H₂O+(4e⁻Δ)+C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+2H₂O+(Ag^M).

The reaction equation of the carbon dioxide catalytic electrode of the double-loop fuel cell in the embodiment of the present invention is (uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)→C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+O₂+4e⁻↑. After the carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecule is excited and dissociated, the temporarily free oxygen molecules (O₂) and protons (H⁺) from the hydrogen catalytic electrode of the double-loop fuel cell are bind to generate (H₂O). The 4 free electrons (4e⁻) are thus consumed by the outside load circuit. The reaction equation is O₂+4H⁺+8e⁻↓→2H₂O+4e⁻↓+(4e⁻Δ). The compensatory reaction to generate water (H₂O) forces oxygen molecule (O₂) to be unable to bind with ion-carbon (C⁴⁺). Therefore, ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) can be temporarily adsorbed onto the surface of (Ag^M) material to become C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. In the following stage, C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon is reduced to carbon and the second stage reaction equation is: C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+(Ag^M).

First, the present invention utilizes the high frequency photons emitted by UV light to randomly impact (excite) the outside electrons of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecule, thus forcing the energy level of the carbon dioxide electron bonding to transit from the base state to the excited state. Hence, the “carbon-oxygen” electron bonding force is weakened, and 4 free electrons (4e⁻) of the carbon dioxide molecule escape from the quantum tunnel. Then, 4 free electrons (4e⁻) can get off from the original track and move freely, which is the quantum tunneling effect. The effect can temporarily break down the bonding force of the carbon dioxide molecule that has lost 4 free electrons (4e⁻). Therefore, the freed ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and (Ag^M) material can be temporarily combined into C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon and the free state oxygen molecule (O₂). Meanwhile, the energy of 4 free electrons (4e⁻) leaving the original track are consumed by the outside circuit. The oxygen molecule (O₂) at the free state can penetrate the insulation permeable film to the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode, thus having the compensatory bonding with 4 protons (4H⁺), and generating water (2H₂O) by obtaining the energy of 4 free electrons (4e⁻) from the outside electron loop, that is: O₂+4H⁺+8e⁻↓→2H₂O+4e⁻↓+(4e⁻Δ). In the above process of hydrogen-oxygen reaction to generate water, the pure energy of 4 free electrons (4e⁻Δ) cannot be consumed by chemical reaction at the same time, and the energy is then stored in the state of entropy to realize energy conservation. The thermal energy is ultimately discharged with water.

As ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) is limited as the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon, oxygen molecule (O₂) cannot bind with ion-carbon (C⁴⁺). At this time, the ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) losing 4 free electrons (4e⁻) reacts with the (Ag^M) material that cannot produce chemical bonding temporarily by the electrostatic force, in order to produce C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. The energy level is reduced to the base state. Therefore, the 4 protons (4H⁺) provided by the hydrogen catalytic electrode and the oxygen molecule (O₂) dissociated from the carbon dioxide electrode are used to dissociate carbon dioxide into ion-carbon (C⁴⁺). The freed oxygen molecule (O₂) and 4 protons (4H⁺) can produce water (2H₂O) by reduction reaction. The reactions at the electrodes can be displayed by the following equations:

(H₂pole) 2H₂→4H⁺+4e⁻↑

(CO₂pole) (uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)→C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+O₂+4e⁻↑

(H₂O pole) O₂+4H⁺+8e⁻↓→2H₂O+4e⁻↓+(4e⁻Δ)

The continuous compensatory consumption reaction between the hydrogen electrode and the carbon dioxide electrode in the above stated double-loop fuel cell can produce voltage and current in the outside electron loop. It can be easily recovered for reuse or the support for electric consumption of other purposes. This is the double-loop fuel cell of the present invention. When the power output of the double-loop fuel cell is reduced to 80% of the rating, the efficiency of carbon dioxide electrode also reduces due to the near saturation of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. Hence, the next stage chemical reaction, that is, the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon reduction process, should be conducted. The process is to utilize the electrostatic generator to reduce the pure energy of 4 electrons (4e⁻) to C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. The reverse reaction equation is: C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+(Ag^M).

Like the C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+(Ag^M) reaction process of the second stage, the present invention utilizes electrostatic generator to supply ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) limited in C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon with the pure energy of 4 electrons [4e⁻↓]. The ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) can be reduced to carbon (C), and the electrostatic binding force of (Ag^M) material can be escaped by mechanical vibration.

Second, the carbon dioxide reaction electrode and hydrogen catalytic electrode of the double-loop fuel cell is separated by an insulation permeable film. Coupled with oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode capable of water reduction, it forms a double-loop fuel cell. Finally, two conductive loops are set up outside the double-loop fuel cell. As a result, the hydrogen electrode and carbon dioxide electrode can produce 4 free electrons (4e⁻) respectively in the process of dissociating two hydrogen (2H₂) molecules and a carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecule, while generating power in their conductive loops respectively. The 4 free electrons (4e⁻) getting off the original track after passing through the tunnel at the excitation of the high frequency photons can generate voltage and current.

The protons (H⁺) dissociated from the hydrogen catalytic electrode and the oxygen molecule (O₂) dissociated from carbon dioxide reaction electrode pass through their respective insulation permeable film and react at the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode. The corresponding chemical consumption and reduction procedure to be ultimately discharged in the state of water are expressed by O₂+4H⁺+8e⁻↓→2H₂O+4e⁻↓+(4e⁻Δ). The carbon dioxide molecule that has lost oxygen exists in the state of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon due to the loss of 4 free electrons (4e⁻). The above carbon dioxide dissociation effect is similar to the photosynthesis of plants despite some differences. Both of them utilize the quantum tunneling effect of photons to achieve the “carbon-oxygen” dissociation effect to dissociate carbon. The difference is that plants dissociate water by using the low frequency visible lights to reduce carbon dioxide molecule into carbohydrates (C₆H₁₂O₆) and discharge oxygen (O₂) molecule. Plants do not need to utilize hydrogen ion (H⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂) to produce the compensatory bonding, but discharging oxygen directly. The mechanism is to use chlorophyll for the dissociation of water molecule, that is, 6CO₂+6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂↑. Therefore, carbon and water can be combined into the carbohydrate (C₆H₁₂O₆). Plants utilize the free electrons escaping the track to resonate with enzyme ATP, and convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate and oxygen. Through the chloroplast in plant leaves, plants can generate the resonation of the photosystem comprising of chlorophyll α, chlorophyll β, carotenoid and other small molecules, and protein to consume the energy of free electrons by lower energy level in layers to break down water into hydrogen and byproduct oxygen. The hydrogen is further dissociated into hydrogen ion (H⁺) and electron (e⁻) to produce high energy enzyme ATP and restorant NADPH. The resonance reaction with carbon dioxide molecule can convert the carbon atoms in the carbon dioxide molecule into carbohydrate. In this way, the carbon and oxygen of the carbon dioxide can be dissociated without additional pure energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate. This is an effective way of plant evolution. By comparison, the present invention applies high-frequency photons to dissociate carbon dioxide molecule and recycle carbon in two stages:

(uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)+2H₂→2H₂O+(4e⁻Δ)+C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+2H₂O+(Ag^M).

The operating mechanism in nature is hard to replicate. The present invention does not intend to achieve the effect of carbon sequestration by replicating plant photosynthesis. Rather, it considers the mechanism of photosynthesis to develop a method to break the carbon dioxide (CO₂) electron bonding. Therefore, the present invention is a non-biological carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissociation and reduction method. The operating process produces no pollution, but additional gains of chemical electricity and pure carbon molecules. Although the present invention cannot produce oxygen like plants, it is absolutely the optimal solution to the reduction of greenhouse gases. The difference is that plants discharge oxygen with carbon sequestration and the present invention discharges carbon with oxygen sequestration.

Due to the strong bonding of carbon dioxide, although the bonding force of carbon dioxide can be temporarily cut off in the past, it may instantly be rebounded, posing a challenge to existing carbon dioxide dissociation technology. If the used materials only have the chemical compensatory characteristic, the effect of dissociating carbon dioxide molecule into carbon and oxygen cannot be achieved. When “carbon-oxygen” bonding force is weakened, if there is no substitute for the bonding force, such as the force to allow protons (H⁺) and oxygen molecule (O₂) to generate new compensatory bonding and consume 4 free electrons (4e⁻) to obtain the quantum of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon back to the base state, oxygen molecule (O₂) is combined with the ion-carbon C⁴⁺) in (C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon, in order to reduce the stable state carbon dioxide. The present invention utilizes the electrostatic compensation and other specific characteristics of (Ag^M) material to provide the reaction interface for dissociating carbon dioxide and reducing carbon, thus realizing carbon dioxide dissociation and carbon recycling. Therefore, the present invention constructs a non-biological and industrial scale photon dissociation mechanism. It is feasible in addressing the problem of greenhouse gases. It is worthy of mentioning that such industrial scale carbon dioxide dissociation devices have no limitations in volume and capacity. The device can be installed in any closed space. The assembled device may be larger than a dome or smaller than a toaster. The future development of the carbon dioxide dissociation device based on the present invention is limitless. There are currently a few directions for the optimal applications as follows:

Large installations: the large scale carbon dioxide dissociation device assembled based on the present invention can be serially installed at the flue mouth of thermal power plants, steel mills, cement plants, petrochemical refining plants or waste incineration plants. After electrostatic cleaning and water cleaning of the high concentration carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide can be effectively dissociated into carbon and pure water. It can be one of the tools for carbon reduction or achieve the zero-carbon goal. The carbon dioxide dissociation device based on the present invention is the key point of application. It can dissociate carbon dioxide into carbon and pure water for reuse, and thus becomes a profit-making tool in the future carbon trade generation. The original buyer of the carbon trade can become the seller to sell the carbon reduction quota to industries that are technically incapable of reducing carbon such as aviation, transportation, gas and oil refinery industries. Besides making profit, it can contribute to environmental protection. Although the present invention cannot reduce the carbon dioxide in the air to the level of AD 1800 around 280 ppm, it can effectively control the level of carbon dioxide. At present, the excessive 400 ppm carbon dioxide can be slowly dissociated by the existing forests and coral reefs. It is believed that the carbon dioxide content in air can be gradually reduced to a safe level, but the carbon dioxide reduction process requires a long time without the method and equipment for carbon dioxide dissociation based on the present invention. The cost may be several times or even several hundreds of times higher.

Small devices: the small carbon dioxide dissociation devices based on the present invention can be installed in spacecraft to produce hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) by solar power for water electrolysis as the source of the present invention (CO₂) fuel cell. The present invention can continuously recycle and filter the air in the cabin of spacecraft to produce water, and the water can be dissociated into hydrogen and oxygen by photo electrolysis. The oxygen can be used for astronauts, and hydrogen can be used as the fuel for the carbon dioxide dissociation device (CO₂fuel cell). The concentration of carbon dioxide in the spacecraft cabin is not excessively high due to the continuous operation of the carbon dioxide dissociation device. The carbon dioxide dissociation device can be mainly applied in power generation of the spacecraft and control the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cabin. Although the carbon dioxide concentration inside the cabin may not be very high, the frequent recycling operation of the device can effectively control the level of carbon dioxide inside the cabin under the normal standards, and thus, can naturally avoid the saturation and risk of carbon dioxide absorption device of Apollo 13 spacecraft. Moreover, it can bring the additional benefits of fuel cell power generation.

Medium-sized devices: the medium-sized carbon dioxide devices based on the present invention in military and civil submarines can guarantee the daily breathing of submarine staffs without worrying about the problem of excessively high carbon dioxide concentration. In the case of submarine accidents, the submarine with the medium-sized carbon dioxide dissociation devices can gain more time for rescue. Under such a condition, the present invention can be critical for the survival of submarine staffs. The application of the carbon dioxide equipment is mainly to control the carbon dioxide concentration.

(4) The carbon recycled by using the aforementioned carbon dioxide equipment (C) is nano-scale pure carbon. Without impurities and with particle size homogenization, it can be applied in a wide range. It can be used for manufacturing artificial diamond to significantly increase the success rate of artificial diamond crystallization, reduce manufacturing cost and improve quality. The recycled nano-scale carbon can also be used for manufacturing high grade carbon fiber as the high grade material for building aircraft structure. It can also be used for manufacturing nano carbon tube or nano carbon steel for applications in fuel cell electrode plate. The nano carbon recovered by the device can effectively address the yield problem of carbon wafer manufacturing process, and accelerate the advent of next generation carbon wafer products to replace the silicon wafer that is close to the limit of Moore's Law. Thus, the information products using the carbon process can be lighter, more power-saving, and faster with much better functionality. As shown in the embodiment, it is possible to convert carbon dioxide into carbon. The solid theoretical basis is based on the rule of the nature.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A method that can dissociate carbon dioxide into C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon and reduce C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon into carbon, sets the double-direction power supply switch on the power supply loop of the carbon dioxide dissociation device into a state of being connected and b state of being disconnected. Hence, the UV light of the device in front of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode is powered to emit photons. When the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (Ag^M) material is radiated by UV light photons, hydrogen control valve and carbon dioxide control valve are switched on to input the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank into the hydrogen catalytic electrode through the hydrogen connecting pipe, and input the carbon dioxide inside the carbon dioxide storage tank into the (Ag^M) material of the carbon dioxide catalytic electrode.

Meanwhile, the UV light-emitted high frequency photons randomly impact the bonding electrons in the carbon dioxide molecules of the (Ag^M) material for the carbon dioxide reaction electrode, thus forcing the energy level of the carbon dioxide bonding electrons to transit from the base state to the excited state. Hence, the “carbon-oxygen” atomic bonding force is weakened and the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) of the carbon dioxide molecule escape through the quantum tunnel. The bonding force of the carbon dioxide molecule losing 4 free electrons (4e⁻) is temporarily weakened to result in ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) and free oxygen molecule (O₂). The pure energy of the escaping 4 free electrons (4e⁻) is consumed by the external loop. Therefore, the ion-carbon (C⁴⁺), by electrostatic function, is combined with (Ag^M) material into C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon, and the energy level becomes the base one due to the loss of 4 free electrons (4e⁻). The free oxygen (O₂) is bonded with 4 protons (4H⁺) to produce water (2H₂O). The present invention utilizes hydrogen catalytic electrode in the catalytic reaction with (H₂) to generate 4 protons (4H⁺). Coupled with the oxygen molecule (O₂) dissociated from the carbon dioxide electrode, it can result in water (2H₂O), and the reaction equations at various poles are expressed as follows:

(H₂pole) 2H₂→4H⁺+4e⁻↑

(CO₂pole) (uv)+CO₂+(Ag^M)→C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+O₂+4e⁻↑

(H₂O pole) O₂+4H⁺+8e⁻↓→2H₂O+4e⁻↓+(4e⁻Δ)

A method that can dissociate carbon dioxide into C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon and reduce C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon into carbon, wherein when the double-loop fuel cell runs, the cell output capacity reduces to 80% of the rating, suggesting that the efficiency of carbon dioxide electrode reduces as the (Ag^M) material soon becomes saturated with ion-carbons (C⁴⁺). A stage chemical reverse reaction procedure should be conducted, namely, the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon should be reduced to carbon (C). By using the electrostatic generator, the pure energy of 4 electrons (4e⁻) is reduced to the reverse reaction procedure of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. The equation is as shown below:

C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+(Ag^M);

Regarding the method to reduce the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon generated by carbon dioxide dissociation to carbon, first, the hydrogen control valve, carbon dioxide control valve, and bottom drain valve should be switched off to reduce the internal of the double-loop fuel cell back to the original state. Second, the double-direction power supply switch of the power supply loop is set as connected at b point and disconnected at a point to switch off the UV light and switch on the vibration shaker. Then, the electrostatic generator starts to generate the electrostatic energy of positive and negative polarities by following the principle of frictional electricity. The positrons (4e⁺) opposite to electrons can be guided to the tip of the electrostatic discharge comb through the electrostatic discharge circuit. The 4 positrons (4e⁺) are released into air according to the point discharge principle. They collide with the electrons in the air and then disappear. The 4 free electrons (4e⁻) generated by the electrostatic generator fill back the energy through the electrostatic charge circuit to the carbon dioxide reaction electrode. Hence, the ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) temporarily adsorbed onto the surface of (Ag^M) material by electrostatic force is reduced to carbon atoms due to the additional energy of the 4 electrons [4e⁻↓] and accumulate into molecules. Meanwhile, on the (Ag^M) material of the carbon dioxide catalytic reaction pole, the reduced (C) molecules can smoothly accumulate the non-crystal carbon molecules by using the mechanical force of the vibration shaker. The carbon particle structures can be taken out of the carbon powder discharging mouth for reuse in another cycle.

Referring to FIG. 1, these components are assembled in a closed reaction space to form a double-loop fuel cell (1), outside of which, the carbon dioxide dissociation device of the present invention comprises a hydrogen storage tank (2), a carbon dioxide storage tank (3), a power supply (4), an electron loader (5), an electrostatic generator (6) and a drain pipe (7). Said device can effectively dissociate carbon dioxide, reduce global greenhouse gases, recover the pure carbon molecule structures, and generate DC energy.

Referring to FIG. 1, inside the double-loop fuel cell (1), at the side close to the hydrogen storage tank (2), a carbon fabric with carbon fiber as the conductive material is installed. On the carbon fabric, the hydrogen output circuit (52) is connected with the electron loader (5) via diode (54) as the output phase of the fuel cell hydrogen catalytic electrode (22). The carbon fabric surface of the hydrogen catalytic electrode is coated with nano-scale carbon tubes. The carbon tubes are plated with platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd) molecules as the contact film for hydrogen fuel, proton generation and electron conductivity, namely, the hydrogen catalytic electrode (22);

Second, inside double-loop fuel cell (1), at the side close to the carbon dioxide storage tank (3), a silver-plated mesh of high density silver-plated film is installed. The surface of the silver-plated mesh is porous, and the pore size is in the range of 150 μm−200 μm. It is the (Ag^M) material. Above the silver-plated mesh, the carbon dioxide output circuit (51) is installed and connected with the electron loader (5) via diode (54) as the output phase of the fuel cell carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32). The (Ag^M) material is the four-contact film of carbon dioxide contact, photo catalytic, electron conductivity and “carbon-oxygen” dissociation, which is the place for the temporary of ion-carbon (C⁴⁺). The carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32) of the present invention, in the radiation range of UV light (42), is of the folding structure to increase the contact and catalytic area of the carbon dioxide as possible.

The hydrogen control valve (25) installed on the hydrogen connecting pipe (21) at the top of the hydrogen storage tank (2) is switched on to allow the hydrogen to flow into and contact the hydrogen catalytic electrode (22). Hence, the three contact points of the hydrogen catalytic electrode (22) are dissociated into protons (H⁺) and free electrons (e⁻). The free electrons (e⁻) are consumed through the conduction of hydrogen pole output circuit (52) and diode (54), which is the connection of the electron loader (5) and connect to oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode (24) through common loop (53). Protons (H⁺) generated by hydrogen at the three contact point film are guided into oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode (24) to contact the oxygen molecule (O₂) dissociated from carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32), in order to generate water (H₂O) by reduction reaction. The water is discharged from the drain valve (71) through drain pipe (7) at the bottom. The 4 free electrons (4e⁻) generated by carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32) are consumed by the conduction carbon dioxide output circuit (51) and diode (54), and the connection of electron loader (5), and connect to oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode (24) through common loop (53);

The electron loader (5) consumes the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) generated by carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32). The purpose of consuming the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) is to excite carbon dioxide due to loss of 4 free electrons (4e⁻) and weaken the “carbon-oxygen” bonding force. Otherwise, carbon dioxide cannot be dissociated into ion-carbon (C⁴⁺), and temporarily become the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon and free oxygen molecule (O₂);

The above-mentioned protons (H⁺), by the insulation of the insulation permeable film (23) at the hydrogen pole, are in contact with the oxygen molecules of the insulation permeable film (33) at the carbon dioxide pole of the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode (24), in order to generate water by reduction. The water is discharged through the bottom drain pipe (7) via drain valve (71). The function of the hydrogen pole's insulation permeable film (23) and carbon dioxide pole's insulation permeable film (33) is to allow the protons (H⁺) and oxygen molecules (O₂) to freely permeate. However, the free electrons should be maintained under the insulation state to compensate for the electron-electric holes, thus generating the power at the double-loop fuel cell (1). More importantly, as the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) generated by the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32) can be effectively consumed, the strong electron bonding of the carbon dioxide molecule can be temporarily broken to achieve the mainly purposes of carbon dioxide dissociation and recycling, namely, the oxygen sequestration and carbon release mechanism of the present invention.

The operational method of the carbon dioxide dissociation of the present invention is that: first, the double-direction power supply switch of the power supply (4) loop (41) is set as being connected with a point and disconnected with b point. Hence, the UV light (42) installed inside the double-loop fuel cell (1) is lighted up and the vibration shaker (43) is at the stop condition. When the carbon dioxide's reaction electrode (32) is impacted by the photons emitted by the UV light (42), the hydrogen control valve (25) and carbon dioxide control valve (34) are switched on to allow the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank (2) to be filled into the side of the hydrogen catalytic electrode (22) through the hydrogen connecting pipe (21). Meanwhile, the carbon dioxide inside the carbon dioxide storage tank (3) is filled into the side with the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32) through carbon dioxide connecting pipe (31).

The high frequency photons emitted by the UV light (42) randomly impact the carbon dioxide molecules at the carbon dioxide's reaction electrode (32). As a result, the electrons between carbon dioxide molecule's bonding are excited due to the impact of the photons. The electrons in between bonding generate the quantum tunneling effect due to energy level transiting. Therefore, the carbon dioxide “carbon-oxygen” bonding force is temporarily weakened, and the freed oxygen molecules can easily react with the protons (IT) of the hydrogen catalytic electrode (22) in order to generate water. The ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) of the carbon dioxide molecules can be temporarily adsorbed to the (Ag^M) material of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32) due to the electrostatic force, thus becoming the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon.

When the double-loop fuel cell's output capacity is reduced to 80% of the rating, it can be inferred that the performance of the (Ag^M) material of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode is reduced due to the near saturation of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. Then, the a stage chemical reaction should be conducted, that is, the reduction procedure of C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. In other words, the external electrostatic generator (6) is used to produce electricity by friction to reduce the additional pure energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) to ion-carbons (C⁴⁺) of the C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon. The ion-carbons (C⁴⁺) that obtain the additional energy of the 4 free electrons (4e⁻) can be reduced to the carbon, namely, C⁴⁺(Ag^M)+[4e⁻↓]→C+(Ag^M).

The operational method of the present invention to reduce C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon to carbon is that: first, switch off the hydrogen control valve (25), carbon dioxide control valve (34) and the bottom drain valve (71) to reduce the internal part of the double-loop fuel cell (1) to the initial conditions. Second, the double-direction switch of the power supply (4) loop (41) is switched to be connected with b contact point and thus the a contact point is not conducted. As a result, the UV light (42) is turned off as the circuit is open. At the same time, the b contact point's vibration shaker (43) is initiated as the power is supplied.

Referring to FIG. 2, electrostatic generator (6) is started to generate the electrostatic energy by using the principle of fricative power generation. The positrons (4e⁺) with positive electron power can guide the 4 negative electrons (4e⁺) by electrostatic discharge circuit (61) to the tip of the electrostatic discharge comb (63) and release to the air according to the tip discharge principle. The 4 free electrons (4e⁻) generated by the electrostatic generator (6) can fill the energy via the conduction of the electrostatic charge circuit (62) to the electrode plate of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32). As a result, the ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) that is temporarily adsorbed onto the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (32) is reduced to carbon atoms, and accumulates into amorphous carbon molecular structures by obtaining the additional energy of 4 free electrons (4e⁻). The mechanical force of the vibration shaker (43) can smoothly release the carbon atoms of the carbon dioxide or the amorphous carbon molecular structures to the reaction electrode (32). The amorphous carbon molecular structures can be taken out of the carbon powder discharging mouth (44) before carrying out another cycle of reuse.

The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods of the present invention, and is an example of convenience. It cannot be regarded as the only method to implement the present invention as it is the only example in the patent application. Other applications or imitations of the double-loop fuel cell or technologies using protons to consume oxygen molecules to achieve the temporary isolated state of ion-carbon (C⁴⁺) belong to the application range of the present invention. The metal for the (Ag^M) material is not limited to silver, which has the best conductivity rate. Other metals that cannot react with UV light and generate the quantum tunneling effect can be applied. The (Ag^M) material is consisted of other conductive substances of small metallic dynamism, such as gold, platinum, palladium, and copper. They can be materials that are used to dissociate carbon dioxide. The two catalytic electrodes of the present device can be serially connected to increase voltage. The figures and embodiments of the present embodiment are represented by basic units for convenience of illustration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the diagram of using double-loop fuel cell to dissociate carbon dioxide.

FIG. 2 shows the diagram of reducing C⁴⁺(Ag^M) state carbon to non-crystal carbon.

MAJOR COMPONENT SYMBOLS

1. Double-loop fuel cell 2. Hydrogen storage tank 21. Hydrogen connecting pipe 22. Hydrogen catalytic electrode 23. Hydrogen pole's insulation 24. Oxygen-hydrogen reaction permeable film electrode 25. Hydrogen control valve 3. Carbon dioxide storage tank 31. Carbon dioxide connecting pipe 32. Carbon dioxide reaction electrode 33. Carbon dioxide pole's the 34. Carbon dioxide control valve insulation permeable film 4. Power supply 41. Double-direction power switches 42. UV light 43. Vibration shaker 44. Carbon powder discharging mouth 5. Electron loader 51. Carbon dioxide pole's output 52. Hydrogen pole output circuit circuit 53. Common loop 54. Diode 6. Electrostatic generator 61. Electrostatic discharge circuit 62. Electrostatic charge circuit 63. Discharge comb 7. Drain pipe 71. Drain valve

Claims

1. A device that can dissociate carbon dioxide into ion-carbon and oxygen; and reducing carbon from the C4+(AgM) state carbon, comprising:

a double-loop fuel cell, internally comprising of: a hydrogen catalytic electrode, a hydrogen pole the insulation permeable film, a oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode, a carbon dioxide pole's insulation permeable film, a carbon dioxide reaction electrode, a UV light, a vibration shaker and a carbon powder discharging mouth;

a hydrogen storage tank, installed outside the double-loop fuel cell, the two are connected by a hydrogen connecting pipe and a hydrogen control valve in a connection;

a carbon dioxide storage tank, installed outside the double-loop fuel cell, the two are connected by a carbon dioxide connecting pipe and a carbon dioxide control valve;

a power supply, installed outside the double-loop fuel cell, and is connected with the UV light at the a contact point through the double-direction power switch;

a vibration shaker, fixed on the case above the carbon dioxide reaction electrode, and is connected with the power supply at the b contact point of the double-direction power switch;

an electron loader, installed outside the double-loop fuel cell, and is connected at one end through the carbon dioxide reaction electrode of the carbon dioxide pole's output circuit, diode and double-loop fuel cell; it is also connected with the hydrogen catalytic electrode of the hydrogen pole output circuit and diode and double-loop fuel cell another end; the electron loader's common loop is connected with the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode of the double-loop fuel cell;

an electrostatic generator, installed outside the double-loop fuel cell, it is connected at one end with electrostatic discharge circuit to be connected with the electrostatic discharge comb, at another end, it is connected with the electrostatic charge circuit, and the carbon dioxide reaction electrode of the double-loop fuel cell;

a drain pipe, installed under the double-loop fuel cell oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode, a drain valve is installed above the drain pipe;

a carbon powder discharging mouth, installed along the case of the carbon dioxide reaction region, it is closed except the time to take off the carbon powder.

2. The device defined in claim 1, wherein, on the surface of the carbon cloth of the hydrogen catalytic electrode, it is coated with the nano-scale carbon tubes; the carbon tubes are plated with platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd) molecules.

3. The device defined in claim 1, wherein, carbon dioxide reaction electrode is composed of (AgM) material.

4. The device defined in claim 1, wherein, the electron loader's carbon dioxide pole's output circuit and diode are carbon dioxide reaction electrodes connected with the double-loop fuel cell.

5. The device defined in claim 1, wherein, the electron loader's hydrogen pole output circuit and diode are hydrogen catalytic electrodes connected with the double-loop fuel cell.

6. The device defined in claim 1, wherein, the electron loader's common loop is the oxygen-hydrogen reaction electrode connected with the double-loop fuel cell.

7. A method to dissociate carbon dioxide into ion-carbon and oxygen, and recycle carbon from C4+(AgM) state carbon, wherein when a contact point of the double-direction power switch in its power supply loop is connected, the UV light inside the double-loop fuel cell is turned on; the hydrogen control valve and carbon dioxide control valve are then opened to allow the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank to be filled into the hydrogen catalytic electrode through the hydrogen connecting pipe; meanwhile, the carbon dioxide inside the carbon dioxide storage tank can be filled into the side of the (AgM) material of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode;

the high-frequency photons emitted by the UV light randomly impact carbon dioxide molecule's bonding electrons adsorbed to the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (AgM) material, forcing the carbon dioxide electron bonding energy level to transit to the excited state; as a result, the “carbon-oxygen” bonding force is weakened; the 4 free electrons (4e−) of the carbon dioxide molecules escape due to the quantum tunneling effect; the bonding force of the carbon dioxide molecule losing 4 free electrons (4e−) is temporarily weakened to become ion-carbon (C4+); it is combined into C4+(AgM) state carbon and free oxygen molecule (O2) due to electrostatic force; the energy of the 4 free electrons (4e−) is consumed by the external electric force, then the energy level of the C4+(AgM) state carbon becomes the basic state due to the loss of the 4 free electrons (4e−); the free oxygen molecule (O2) and 4 protons (4H+) carries out the compensatory bonding to generate water (2H2O); the device utilizes the hydrogen catalytic electrode to provide 4 protons (4H+) and the oxygen molecule (O2) dissociated at the carbon dioxide reaction electrode to generate water (2H2O), the reaction equations of the various electrodes are as shown below: (H2 pole) 2H2→4H++4e−↑ (CO2 pole) (uv)+CO2+(AgM)→C4+(AgM)+O2+4e−↑ (H2O pole) O2+4H++8e−↓→2H2O+4e−↓+(4e−Δ)

8. A method to dissociate carbon dioxide into ion-carbon and oxygen, and recycle carbon from C4+(AgM) state carbon, wherein when the electric power output capacity of the double-loop fuel cell is reduced to 80% of the rating, it can be inferred that the effective reaction space of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode's (AgM) material is saturated with reduced efficiency; the next stage chemical reverse reaction is implemented; in other words, the C4+(AgM) state carbon reduction procedure is carried out, utilizing the electrostatic generator to reduce the pure energy of 4 free electrons (4e−) to C4+(AgM) state carbon, and the reaction procedure is as shown below:

C4+(AgM)+[4e−↓]→C+(AgM));

the device is to dissociate carbon dioxide into ion-carbon and oxygen, and recycle carbon from C4+(AgM) state carbon: first, the hydrogen control valve, the carbon dioxide control valve, and the bottom drain valve are switched off to reduce the double-loop fuel cell back to the initial state;

the outside electrostatic generator is turned on to allow the electrostatic generator to generate electrostatic energy of positive and negative polarities; the energy of the anti-electrons can be conducted by using the electrostatic discharge circuit; the four anti-electrons can be guided to the tip of the electrostatic discharge comb, and released to the air by following the tip discharge principle; the 4 free electrons (4e−) generated by the electrostatic generator compensate the energy to the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (AgM) material through the conduction of the electrostatic charge circuit; as a result, the C4+(AgM) state carbon temporarily adsorbed with the surface of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (AgM) material due to electrostatic function is reduced to carbon atoms by obtaining the energy of the additional 4 electrons [4e−↓]; meanwhile, the double-direction switch of the power supply is then switched on at the b contact point; the vibration shaker is turned on to shake off the carbon molecules on the surface of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (AgM) material to release the carbon particles smoothly; the carbon particles are then taken out of the carbon powder discharging mouth; then another cycle of reuse of the carbon dioxide reaction electrode (AgM) material can be started.

9. A type of (AgM) material, which is used as the carbon catalytic interface without participating in the photochemical reaction for carbon dioxide dissociation; it is the interface and field for carbon dioxide contact, photon excitation, electron conduction, and oxygen molecule tunneling and “carbon-oxygen” dissociation; it has good electric conductivity, oxygen molecule permeability, good electrostatic absorption, and mechanical flexibility; when the UV light's high frequency photons excite the carbon dioxide bonding, the energy of the 4 transiting free electrons (4e−) can be guided to the outside electron loader to dissociate carbon dioxide into ion-carbon (C4+) and oxygen molecule (O2); the (AgM) material is a copper mesh of 300 μm plated with a layer of pure silver; the silver coating film can fully cover the copper wire and the interwoven interface cracks to prevent the displacement of the copper wire; the appearance is smooth with concave and convex structures to facilitate the shaking off and recovering of the amorphous carbon molecular structures.