BACKGROUND A set screw is generally used to secure two parts together by screwing through one part tightly upon or into another part to prevent relative movement. A typical set screw is fully threaded and driven with an internal-wrenching drive such as a socket having a cross-sectional shape of a hexagon, a star, a square a slot, a cross, etc, These screws are generally made of alloy or stainless steel and used for a wide variety of applications, for example, for securing parts in rotating items such as door knobs, pulleys or wheels.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a conventional set screw.
FIG. 2A illustrates a conventional metal plate, and FIG. 2B illustrates an example of an application of conventional set screws using the conventional metal plate.
FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are a top plan view and an elevational view, respectively, of an example of a round top set screw according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3C and FIG. 3D are a top plan view and elevational view, respectively, of an example of a nut to be engaged with the screw.
FIG. 3E and FIG. 3F are a top plan view and an elevational view of a combination of the round top set screw and the nut.
FIGS. 4A-4F illustrate details of a wrenching tool for attaching a round top set screw and a nut to a base board.
FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate an example of a process of using the tool for attaching a round top set screw to a base board and securing it by using a corresponding nut.
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate another example of a process of using the tool for attaching a round top set screw to a base board and securing it by using a corresponding nut.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a conventional set screw. This specific example is a hex socket set screw, which is provided with a socket 104 at one end portion of the screw, the socket having a horizontal cross-sectional shape of a hexagon for wrenching drive. The horizontal cross-sectional shape can be of a star, a square, a rectangle, a slot, a cross, etc., and a corresponding wrench or a screw driver is used for screwing. The other end portion 108 of the screw, often referred to as a point, can be designed to be flat, cup shaped, cone shaped, dome shaped, etc. The present example has a flat point and a side surface 112 that is fully threaded. The top surface of the set screw, where there is an opening of the socket 104 and the thread formation ends, is generally flat, hence forming a sharp edge 116.
FIG. 2A illustrates a conventional metal plate, and FIG. 2B illustrates an example of an application of conventional set screws. An array of multiple set screws is used to form an apparatus 200 for flattening a metal plate. The number of set screws used for this purpose may be on the order of 10-100 or more, depending on the size and warpage of the metal plate and the required flatness tolerance (for example, within 0.05 mm). The apparatus 200 includes three set screws 204-1, 204-2 and 204-3 and a base board 208 in this example. Each set screw is screwed into the base board 208 by a specific length: the screw 204-1 is screwed in by a largest length; the screw 204-3 is screwed in by a smallest length; and the screw 204-2 is screwed in by an intermediate length. Each screw can be screwed down and up by engaging a wrench or a screw driver with the socket formed at the top end portion of the screw until it reaches a predetermined height above the base board. Thereafter, the screw can be secured to the base board 208 at the desired position using a fastener, such as a nut, a dip, a ring, etc. In this example of FIG. 2B, the three set screws 204-1, 204-2 and 204-3 are coupled with three fasteners 212-1, 212-2 and 212-3, respectively. Therefore, the height of each screw with respect to the top surface of the base board 208 can be adjusted by unlocking the fastener, vertically positioning the screw and re-tightening the fastener.
The height of each screw can be predetermined depending on the warpage of the metal plate to be flattened. As schematically illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the metal plate is originally warped downward with gradually increasing degree toward the right direction in this example. The heights of the three screws 2041, 204-2 and 204-3 can be predetermined or adjusted so that, when the metal plate is pressed against the screws, the metal plate gets warped upward with gradually increasing degree toward the right direction. As a result of the compression exerting opposite to the original warpage, the flatness of the metal plate within a required tolerance can be achieved by the spring back action when the metal plate is removed from the apparatus 200.
Conventional set screws, such as shown in FIG. 1, may be used to construct the apparatus 200 for flattening a metal plate. However, the top end portion of a set screw generally has a sharp edge, such as the edge 116 of the example illustrated in FIG. 1. Therefore, when a warped metal plate is pressed against a conventional set screw, it is likely that the sharp edge of the screw touches the metal plate, for example, as indicated at a location 216, thereby generating dents, scars, scratches, or other damages on the surface of the metal plate.
In view of the above problems associated with using conventional set screws for an apparatus for flattening a metal plate, the present document describes a new type of set screw that can minimize damages to a metal plate when the metal plate is pressed against an array of the set screws having different heights in the apparatus for flattening the metal plate. Details of the new type of set screw and applications thereof according to present embodiments are explained below with reference to the subsequent drawings.
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an example of a round top set screw 300A according to an embodiment. The top view and the side view are illustrated. The screw 300A has three sections 304, 308 and 312 formed contiguously and concentrically. The first section 304 is a main body that has a shape of substantially a cylinder with a diameter D1 and a length L1 that can be predetermined depending on the intended use and application. The side surface of the first section 304 is threaded. The second section 308 is a neck portion configured for wrenching drive. In this example, the shape of the second section 308 is substantially a hexagonal prism. That is, the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the second section 308 is a hexagon with a diagonal D2; however, a shape of a star, a square, a rectangle or other polygon can be used to form a corresponding polygonal prism for the second section 308. The shape and dimensions of the second section 308, such as the hexagonal diagonal D2 and the length L2, can be predetermined depending on the wrenching efficiency and other factors. The diagonal L2 of the second section 308 in this example is smaller than D1. The third section 312 is a head portion having a cylindrical portion and a round top 316. The round top 316 has a convex shape, the edge of which contiguously connects to the side surface of the cylindrical portion of the third section 312. The cylindrical portion has a diameter D3 and a length L3. The curvature of the convex can be predetermined so as to prevent damages to the metal plate when pressed at an angle against the third section 312, i.e., the head portion of the screw. The dimensions D3 and/or L3 can also be varied so as to optimize the tip strength while preventing the damages to the metal plate. For example, L3 can be made as small as possible, such as nearly zero, to minimize the protrusion of the third section 312 from the second section 308.
FIGS. 3C and 3D illustrate an example of a nut 300B to be engaged with the screw 300A of FIGS. 3A and 3B. This specific example is a conventional nut having a horizontal cross-sectional shape of a hexagon. The top view and the side view are illustrated. A thread 320 is internally formed (not visible in FIG. 3D), and the pitch of the thread 320 of the nut 300B is configured to correspond to the pitch of the thread of the main body 304 of the screw 300A for engaging. This particular nut 300B illustrated in FIGS. 3C and 3D is chamfered at the corners 324 to reduce deformation and/or crushing of the nut by the wrenching action. It is also possible to use an unchamfered nut.
FIGS. 3E and 3F illustrate a combination of the round top set screw 300A and the nut 300B. These two parts are engaged with each other through the threads. The individual parts may be prepared to be combinations beforehand, so that the paired parts are already together without losing each other. Additionally, the screw and the corresponding nut can be tightened and locked to each other, and the combination of locked parts can be used as one integrated part for certain applications.
Referring back to FIG. 2B, the conventional set screws are used to construct the apparatus for flattening a metal plate, where the metal plate is often damaged due to the sharp edge 116 at the top end portion of the conventional set screw as illustrated in FIG. 1 when the warped metal plate is pressed against the conventional set screw at an angle, such as indicated at the location 216. In place of the conventional set screws, the round top set screws, as illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, can be used to construct the apparatus. Due to the round top 316 formed in the third section 312 of the set screw 300A in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the metal plate is prevented from touching a sharp edge even when pressed against the screw at an angle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent damages to the metal plate during the pressing operation by using the round top set screws having different heights.
FIGS. 4A-4F illustrate details of a wrenching tool for attaching a round top set screw and a nut to a base board. This tool can be used, for example, for attaching each of the round top set screws to the base board and securing it by using the corresponding nut, so as to construct the apparatus for flattening a metal plate. This tool comprises two units: one unit A configured to act on a round top set screw and the other unit B configured to act on a nut. FIGS. 4A and 4B and FIGS. 4C and 4D illustrate the units A and B, respectively. FIGS. 4E and 4F illustrate the tool when the units A and B are combined by coupling vertically and concentrically to each other. In FIGS. 4A-4F, the top views and the cross-sectional side views with respect to the vertical cut through the lines IVA-IVA, IVC-IVC, and IVE-IVE, respectively, are illustrated.
The unit A illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B includes a handle 404A and a cylinder 408A. The handle 404A is horizontally fixed to the top end portion of the cylinder 408A. As such, the cylinder 408A can be rotated around the cylindrical axis by turning the handle 404A with a hand or another tool. The center of the handle 404A is configured to coincide with the cylindrical axis of the cylinder 408A, in this example. However, only one arm or an asymmetric attachment of the handle 404A is also possible. The cylinder 408A has two sections. The first section 410A forms a solid cylinder. The second section has a hollow therein, hence having an internal side surface 412A, which is formed concentric with the outer side surface of the cylinder 408A. The horizontal cross section of the internal side surface 412A is hexagonal in shape in this example. The shape and dimensions of the internal side surface 412A can be predetermined or adjusted such that the second section of a round top set screw can be engaged for effective wrenching. Specifically, with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the second section 308 of the round top set screw 300A can be engaged with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A for the wrenching purpose. The horizontal cross section of the internal side surface 412A may not be limited to a hexagon, but a rectangle or other shape may be used as long as the engagement with the screw 300A can be made effectively for wrenching.
The unit B illustrated in FIGS. 4C and 4D includes a handle 404B and a hollow cylinder 408B. The handle 404B is horizontally fixed to the top end portion of the hollow cylinder 408B. As such, the hollow cylinder 408B can be rotated around the cylindrical axis by turning the handle 404B with a hand or another tool. The center of the handle 404B is configured to coincide with the cylindrical axis of the hollow cylinder 408B, in this example. However, only one arm or an asymmetric attachment of the handle 404B is also possible. The hollow cylinder 408B has two sections having two different internal side surfaces 410B and 412B, respectively. The first internal side surface 410B is formed cylindrical and concentric with the outer side surface of the hollow cylinder 408B. The second internal side surface 412B is formed concentric with the outer side surface of the hollow cylinder 408B, and the horizontal cross section of the second internal side surface 412B is hexagonal in shape in this example. The shape and dimensions of the second internal side surface 412B can be predetermined or adjusted such that a nut can be engaged for effective wrenching. Specifically, with reference to FIGS. 3C and 3D, the nut 300B can be engaged with the internal side surface 412B of the unit B for the wrenching purpose. The horizontal cross section of the internal side surface 412B may not be limited to a hexagon, but a rectangle or other shape may be used as long as the engagement with the nut 300B can be made effectively for wrenching.
The tool 400 illustrated in FIGS. 4E and 4F is a combination of the unit A and the unit B, which are coupled concentrically to each other to be used to act on a combination of a nut and a round top set screw. The diameter of the cylinder 408A of the unit A can be made smaller than the diameter of the horizontal cross section of the first internal side surface 410B of the unit B so that the cylinder 408A can be inserted smoothly into the hollow cylinder 408B.
FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate an example of a process of using the tool 400 for attaching a round top set screw to a base board and securing it by using a corresponding nut. Initially, a round top set screw and a corresponding nut may be tightened and locked to each other through the threads to form a combination of the two. For example, the nut 300B as illustrated in FIGS. 3C and 3D may be locked to the round top set screw 300A as illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, to form a combination as illustrated in FIGS. 3E and 3F. FIG. 5A illustrates a first step where the combination of the round top set screw 300A and the nut 300B is wrenched by engaging the nut 300B with the second internal side surface 412B of the unit B to screw in the round top set screw 300A to a certain depth in the base board 504. FIG. 5B illustrates a second step where the unit A is inserted into the unit B vertically and coupled concentrically with the unit B so that the unit A can act on the screw 300A, while the unit B acts on the nut 300B. In this configuration, the round top set screw 300A and the nut 300B can be unlocked from each other by wrenching the two parts with the corresponding units, respectively, specifically by engaging the nut 300B with the second internal side surface 412B of the unit B and engaging the second section 308 of the screw 300A with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A. Thereafter, the height of the round top set screw 300A may be adjusted to have a predetermined height by wrenching by engaging the second section 308 of the screw 300A with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A. Once the predetermined height is reached, the nut 300B may be wrenched by engaging the nut 300B with the second internal side surface 412B of the unit B, while engaging the second section 308 of the screw 300A with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A, to lock itself to the round top set screw 300A and secure the screw 300A to the base board 504, in a third step as illustrated in FIG. 5C. Thereafter, the units A and B may be removed.
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate another example of a process of using the tool 400 for attaching a round top set screw to a base board and securing it by using a corresponding nut. Initially, a round top set screw and a corresponding nut may be separated. FIG. 6A illustrates a first step where the round top set screw 300A is wrenched by engaging the second section 308 of the screw 300A with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A to screw in the round top set screw 300A to a certain depth in the base board 604. FIG. 6B illustrates a second step where the unit A is removed, and the unit B is used to couple the nut 300B with the screw 300A through the threads. For this operation, the outer side surface of the nut 300B may be engaged with the second internal side surface 412B of the unit B. FIG. 6C illustrates a third step where the unit A is inserted into the unit B vertically and coupled concentrically with the unit B so that the unit A can act on the screw 300A, while the unit 13 acts on the nut 300B. Thereafter, the height of the round top set screw 300A may be adjusted to have a predetermined height by wrenching by engaging the second section 308 of the screw 300A with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A. Once the predetermined height is reached, the nut 300B may be wrenched by engaging the nut 300B with the second internal side surface 412B of the unit B, while engaging the second section 308 of the screw 300A with the internal side surface 412A of the unit A, to lock itself to the round top set screw 300A and secure the screw 300A to the base board 604. Thereafter, the units A and B may be removed.
While this document contains many specifics, these should not he construed as limitations on the scope of an invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of the invention. Certain features that are described in this document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be exercised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or a variation of a subcombination.
