Cryogenically Treated Audio/Video Cable and Method Thereof
An audio cable is cryogenically treated in a cryogenic chamber. The cable is disposed within the cryogenic chamber. A temperature in the cryogenic chamber decreases to a level between −157° C. and −184° C. over 12 hours of the cryogenic treatment profile. The temperature in the cryogenic chamber is held steady state at the level for 8-12 hours. The temperature in the cryogenic chamber increases back to an ambient temperature over 8 hours. A computer control system controls the temperature in the cryogenic chamber by regulating nitrogen gas flow into the cryogenic chamber. The temperature in the cryogenic chamber can be decreased in a first stepped profile, and then increased in a second stepped profile. Alternatively, a bare conductor is disposed within the cryogenic chamber. The bare conductor is cryogenically treated and then used in another device, such as cable, magnetic pickup, speaker voice coil, microphone, and instrument string.
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The present invention relates in general to audio/video cabling, and, more particularly, to an audio/video cable and method of cryogenically treating the cable for enhanced structure and electrical performance.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONMusical instruments have long been popular in society providing entertainment, social interaction, self-expression, and business and source of livelihood for many people. Musical instruments and related accessories are used by professional and amateur musicians to generate, alter, transmit, and reproduce audio signals. Common musical instruments include an electric guitar, bass guitar, violin, horn, brass, drum, wind instrument, string instrument, piano, organ, electric keyboard, and percussion instrument. The audio signal from the musical instrument is typically an analog signal containing a progression of values within a continuous range. The audio signal can also be digital in nature as a series of binary one or zero values. The audio signal from the musical instrument is transmitted through an audio cable to signal processing equipment, such as an amplifier, speaker, mixer, synthesizer, sampler, effects pedal, public address system, sound recorder, and similar accessories to amplify, alter, combine, store, play back, and audibly reproduce sound from the analog or digital audio signals originating from the musical instrument.
The musical instrument is connected to the accessories by audio and control cables, e.g., instrument cables, speaker cables, XLR cables, DIN cables, and AES3 cables, to transmit the analog or digital audio signals and control signals from one device to another. For example, an electric guitar is connected from its output jack through an audio cable to an audio amplifier. The output of the audio amplifier is connected by another audio cable to a speaker to audibly reproduce the sound from the electric guitar.
The audio cabling between the musical instrument and accessories typically contains conductive wiring or routing elements that enable transmission of the audio signals. An audio cable includes one or more conductors capable of conducting electrical current in the presence of an applied potential to transmit and receive electrical signals representative of the information content of the audio data. Within the molecular structure of the conductor, the electrons move between adjacent atoms in response to the applied potential to create an electric current. The mobility of the conductive material is often indicated by its resistivity. The lower the resistivity of the conductive material, the greater the conductive mobility, i.e., the more readily the electrons move between adjacent atoms in the presence of a given potential.
Audio cables in common use have limitations due to imperfections in the molecular structure and properties of the conductor. Any misalignment in the molecular structure of the conductor contributes to higher resistance within the cable. Molecular misalignment can further reduce frequency response and cause distortion, attenuation, frequency spikes, and other degradations in signal quality during transmission through the conductor.
Signal quality in the audio cable is an important consideration to the music community. Cable design and construction is key to preserving the quality of the audio signals. Any loss or degradation in the signal quality through the audio cable can be noticeable in the audible response during reproduction of the original audio signal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA need exists for enhancing the molecular and structural properties of audio/video cabling to achieve higher quality signal transmission. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention is a method of cryogenically treating a cable comprising the steps of providing a cryogenic chamber, disposing the cable within the cryogenic chamber, establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to a level between −157° C. and −184° C., holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level for an 8-12 hour period, and returning the cryogenic chamber to an ambient temperature.
In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of cryogenically treating a conductor comprising the steps of providing a cryogenic chamber, disposing the conductor within the cryogenic chamber, establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at a level between −157° C. and −184° C., holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to cryogenically treat the conductor, and establishing an ambient temperature in the cryogenic chamber.
In another embodiment, the present invention is a method of cryogenically treating a conductor comprising the steps of providing a cryogenic chamber, disposing the conductor within the cryogenic chamber, establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber, and holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to cryogenically treat the conductor.
In another embodiment, the present invention is a cryogenic system for treating a cable comprising a cryogenic chamber and cooling source coupled to the cryogenic chamber. A cable is disposed within the cryogenic chamber. A computer control system is coupled to the cooling source for controlling a temperature in the cryogenic chamber by establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at a level between −157° C. and −184° C., and holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level to cryogenically treat the cable.
The present invention is described in one or more embodiments in the following description with reference to the figures, in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements. While the invention is described in terms of the best mode for achieving the invention's objectives, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents as supported by the following disclosure and drawings.
The signal conditioned audio signal is routed from audio amplifier 38 through audio cable 44 to speaker 46. Audio cable 44 includes a connector or plug 48 inserted into an output jack of audio amplifier 38 and connector or plug 50 inserted to an input jack of speaker 46. Speaker 46 audibly reproduces the audio signal originating from guitar 30 for recognition and appreciation by an audience or listener. A front control panel of speaker 46 may include a display and control knobs and buttons to allow the user to monitor and manually control various settings of the speaker.
A shielding conductor 60 is formed over inner insulating layer 58 as a ground conductor and shield for EMI, RFI, and cross-talk isolation. Shielding conductor 60 can be spiral, braided, or foil Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Sn, Ni, alloys thereof, or other metal. In one embodiment, shielding conductor 60 uses braided Cu strands to form a sheath around inner insulating layer 58. Braided shielding is durable, flexible, and effective for protecting cable portion 52 against rough handling or physical interaction (bending, pulling, and stepping on) often imposed upon audio cables. Alternatively, spiral wrapped shielding involves wrapping one or more wire strands in a spiral around inner insulating layer 58. Foil shielding is a mylar-backed aluminum tube with a copper drain wire connected at each end. Foil shielding is typically used for cables that are stationary and involve minimal physical interaction, such as a patch cable. Shielding conductor 60 provides EMI, RFI, and cross-talk isolation to reduce noise or degradation of the electronic signals transmitted through inner conductor 56. An outer insulating or dielectric layer or sleeve 62 is formed over shielding conductor 60. The outer insulating layer 62 can be PVC, neoprene, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, carbon impregnated plastic, silicone rubber, PTFE, EPR, EPM, EPDM, EAM, or other plastic or polymer material extruded over shielding conductor 60. The outer insulating layer 62 provides structural support, protection, and flexibility, as well as maintaining spacing and electrical isolation of the shielding conductor. An outer jacket 64 is formed over outer insulating layer 62 for protection from mechanical stress, moisture, heat, and chemical exposure and to enhance the texture or feel of audio cable 36. In one embodiment, outer jacket 64 is a woven cloth material such as nylon or polyester. Outer jacket 64 facilitates identification of audio cable 36 by marking, pattern, and color.
Cable portion 52, including inner conductor 56, inner insulating layer 58, shielding conductor 60, outer insulating layer 62, and outer jacket 64, has a diameter of 6-8 mm and properties of flexibility, tangle resistant, handling noise abatement, and physical durability. Cable 36 has a length ranging from 0.3-8.0 meters (m) and can be used in audio and video (A/V) applications and transmit analog or digital signals. A/V cable 36 uses a variety of connectors or plugs depending on the application and the signal being transmitted through the cable. Cable 36 can be used as an instrument cable, speaker cable, patch cable, microphone cable, snake cable, XLR cable, DIN cable, and AES3 cable. Some types of cables, e.g., high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), firewire, digital media port, and coaxial cables, are capable of carrying both audio and video signals simultaneously.
Signal quality in audio cables 36 and 44 is an important consideration to the music community. Cable design and construction is key to preserving the quality of the audio signals. Any loss or degradation in the signal quality through the audio cable can be noticeable in the audible response during reproduction of the original audio signal. To improve the electrical characteristics of audio cable 36, inner conductor 56 is cryogenically treated to align to its molecular structure.
Computer control system 90 controls the flow rate of liquid nitrogen into heat exchanger 78 by way of flow control valve 80 to regulate the flow of nitrogen gas and control the temperature within cryogenic chamber 70. Computer control system 90 executes software configured for scheduling, monitoring, and implementing the phases of the cryogenic treatment profile. A sensor or thermocouple 92 within cryogenic chamber 70 monitors temperature within the chamber and continuously provides temperature readings to computer control system 90 by sensor connection 94.
Audio cables 36 are subjected to a cryogenic treatment temperature profile to cryogenically treat the audio cable, including inner conductor 56.
In another embodiment, inner space 72 of cryogenic chamber 70 is pre-cooled to temp1=−173° C. to −184° C. prior to placement of audio cables 36 into the chamber. Once temp1 is reached, audio cables 36 are placed within inner space 72 of cryogenic chamber 70. The remainder of the process follows cryogenic treatment profile 100 or 110 between times t1-t4.
Cryogenic treatment of audio cable 36 realigns the molecular structure of inner conductor 56 to increase electron mobility while enhancing the structural and conductive properties of the inner conductor. The molecules of inner conductor 56 compact by removing gaps and impurities, such as oxygen, to achieve more homogeneity of variance in the molecular structure, i.e., increase the density of the molecular structure. The cryogenically treated audio cable 36 exhibits enhanced electrical properties including lower resistance, greater signal frequency response, reduced frequency spikes, higher signal quality, and faster signal propagation speed, while achieving longer cable runs and noticeably improved audible quality. The cryogenically treated audio cable 36 achieves a high degree of balance, maintain a full range frequency response, provide smooth separation, fine dynamics, and preserve the electrical signals transmitted through the cable to faithfully reproduce the original sound content. In addition, the cryogenically treated audio cable 36, including components of cable portion 52 and plugs 40-42, exhibit improved wear resistance, stress relief, abrasion and fatigue resistance, yield strength, tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and elastic modulus.
In another embodiment, bare inner conductor 56, i.e., prior to formation of inner insulating layer 58, shielding conductor 60, outer insulating layer 62, and outer jacket 64, are placed within interior space 72 of cryogenic chamber 70. In one embodiment, inner conductors 56 wound in spools 116 are disposed on shelves 118 within interior space 72, as shown in
Cryogenic treatment of inner conductor 56 realigns the molecular structure to increase electron mobility while enhancing the structural and conductive properties of the inner conductor. The molecules of inner conductor 56 compact by removing gaps and impurities such as oxygen to achieve more homogeneity of variance in the molecular structure, i.e., increase the density of the molecular structure. The cryogenically treated inner conductor 56 exhibits enhanced electrical properties including lower resistance, greater signal frequency response, reduced frequency spikes, higher signal quality, and faster signal propagation speed, while achieving noticeably improved audible quality. The cryogenically treated inner conductor 56 achieves a high degree of balance, maintains a full range frequency response, provides smooth separation, fine dynamics, and preserves the electrical signals transmitted through the cable to faithfully reproduce the original sound content.
While one or more embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in detail, the skilled artisan will appreciate that modifications and adaptations to those embodiments may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims
1. A method of cryogenically treating a cable, comprising:
- providing a cryogenic chamber;
- disposing the cable within the cryogenic chamber;
- establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to a level between −157° C. and −184° C.;
- holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level for an 8-12 hour period; and
- returning the cryogenic chamber to an ambient temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, further including introducing nitrogen gas into the cryogenic chamber to establish the cryogenic treatment temperature.
3. The method of claim 1, further including:
- decreasing a temperature in the cryogenic chamber in a first stepped profile; and
- increasing the temperature in the cryogenic chamber in a second stepped profile.
4. The method of claim 1, further including establishing the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level between −157° C. and −184° C. over a 12 hour period.
5. The method of claim 1, further including returning the cryogenic chamber to the ambient temperature over an 8 hour period.
6. The method of claim 1, further including providing a computer control system to control temperature in the cryogenic chamber.
7. A method of cryogenically treating a conductor, comprising:
- providing a cryogenic chamber;
- disposing the conductor within the cryogenic chamber;
- establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at a level between −157° C. and −184° C.;
- holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to cryogenically treat the conductor; and
- establishing an ambient temperature in the cryogenic chamber.
8. The method of claim 7, further including introducing a coolant gas into the cryogenic chamber to establish the cryogenic treatment temperature.
9. The method of claim 7, further including:
- decreasing a temperature in the cryogenic chamber in a first stepped profile; and
- increasing the temperature in the cryogenic chamber in a second stepped profile.
10. The method of claim 7, further including establishing the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level between −157° C. and −184° C. over a 12 hour period.
11. The method of claim 7, further including holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level between −157° C. and −184° C. over an 8-12 hour period.
12. The method of claim 7, further including returning the cryogenic chamber to the ambient temperature over an 8 hour period.
13. The method of claim 7, further including disposing the conductor within a device selected from the group consisting of a cable, magnetic pickup, speaker voice coil, microphone, and instrument string.
14. A method of cryogenically treating a conductor, comprising:
- providing a cryogenic chamber;
- disposing the conductor within the cryogenic chamber;
- establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber; and
- holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to cryogenically treat the conductor.
15. The method of claim 14, further including returning the cryogenic chamber to an ambient temperature.
16. The method of claim 14, further including introducing a coolant gas into the cryogenic chamber to establish the cryogenic treatment temperature.
17. The method of claim 14, further including:
- establishing the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber to a level between −157° C. and −184° C.; and
- holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level between −157° C. and −184° C. over an 8-12 hour period.
18. The method of claim 14, further including returning the cryogenic chamber to the ambient temperature over an 8 hour period.
19. The method of claim 14, further including disposing the conductor within a device selected from the group consisting of a cable, magnetic pickup, speaker voice coil, microphone, and instrument string.
20. A cryogenic system for treating a cable, comprising:
- a cryogenic chamber;
- a cooling source coupled to the cryogenic chamber;
- a cable disposed within the cryogenic chamber; and
- a computer control system coupled to the cooling source for controlling a temperature in the cryogenic chamber by establishing a cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at a level between −157° C. and −184° C., and holding the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level to cryogenically treat the cable.
21. The cryogenic system of claim 20, wherein the cooling source introduces a coolant gas into the cryogenic chamber.
22. The cryogenic system of claim 20, wherein the computer control system establishes the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level between −157° C. and −184° C. over a 12 hour period.
23. The cryogenic system of claim 20, wherein the computer control system holds the cryogenic treatment temperature in the cryogenic chamber at the level between −157° C. and −184° C. over an 8-12 hour period.
24. The cryogenic system of claim 20, wherein the computer control system returns the cryogenic chamber to an ambient temperature.
25. The cryogenic system of claim 20, wherein the computer control system decreases a temperature in the cryogenic chamber in a first stepped profile and increases the temperature in the cryogenic chamber in a second stepped profile.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 20, 2013
Publication Date: Jun 25, 2015
Applicant: Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (Scottsdale, AZ)
Inventors: Niko D. Spanos (Monrovia, CA), Donald W. Wichman (Glendale, CA)
Application Number: 14/137,329