REINFORCED TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURE
A method for constructing a non-linear structure comprising bending a chain of serially connected hollow metal tetrahedral to form a non-linear segment and reinforcing the connections of the segment to form a rigid non-linear structure, and a tetrahedral structure comprising at least one non-linear segment consisting of a chain of serially connected hollow metal tetrahedra, in which each connection between successive tetrahedra includes external reinforcement. The structure can be a sculpture or a multipod such as legs for a table or the like.
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119 (e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/975,206 filed Apr. 4, 2014 for “Reinforced Tetrahedral Structure”.
BACKGROUNDThe present invention relates to structures that consist of or can be constructed from elongated rigid segments.
SUMMARYThe present invention is directed to a method for constructing a non-linear structure comprising bending a chain of serially connected hollow metal tetrahedral to form a non-linear segment and reinforcing the connections of the segment to form a rigid non-linear structure.
The invention is also directed to a tetrahedral structure comprising at least one non-linear segment consisting of a chain of serially connected hollow metal tetrahedra, in which each connection between successive tetrahedra includes external reinforcement
In one embodiment, the hollow tetrahedra are integrally connected by respective crimped webs of metal, the bending is at least along one web, and the reinforcement is at each web. In another embodiment, each segment is initially formed by tacking a successive series of tetrahedral units at abutting edges, bending the segment into a desired non-linear shape, and then externally reinforcing each connection.
The invention permits the use of surprisingly thin metal in the formation or fabrication of each segment, thereby minimizing the weight associated with the overall visual impression or aesthetics. However, the strength is much greater than would be suggested by the overall visual impression. Even thin walled hollow tetrahedra are very strong in multi-dimensional tension and compression. In a series of tetrahedra connected at their edges, the relative weakness is in accommodating a bending around an axis defined by the joined edges. This weakness in bending poses an obstacle to using non-linear tetrahedral segments as load-bearing structures.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the weakness in bending becomes an asset in that initially the segment of connected tetrahedra can be easily bent into any non-linear shape, and thereafter the connections can be externally reinforced.
This combination of light weight and surprising strength can be utilized on a relatively small sale, such as for making a tripod or room-sized sculpture, but also on a large scale for making structures that rise dozens of feet from a fixed foundation. Examples of the latter include a decorative arch over a roadway or gate, or outdoor sculpture.
On a smaller scale, several arcuate segments can be joined to form a tripod or other multi-pod which may or may not support a table or decorative top. As an outdoor sculpture, one segment can rise 10, 20, 30 or more feet as a single strand having angulations. Another form of sculpture would evoke images of the Eiffel Tower, with three or four segments rising from a large footprint and converging upwardly to a peak of 40, 50, or more feet in the air.
As shown in
It should be understood that in this context, “vertical” and “horizontal” are proxy terms for mutually perpendicular edges such as 8 and 10 without regard to orientation relative to the horizon, and that the “centerline” of the “straight” unreinforced segment 17 is a nominal centerline which can be substantially straight or follow the gravity-induced, slight continuous curvature of a semi-rigid elongated body.
A convenient form of tacking 12, 13 is by tack welding, but it should be understood that any bonding technique that can hold the units together as a segment while accommodating forced bending along an edge is acceptable.
It should be understood that in forming a segment 17′ such as shown in
Once the final non-linear shape of the segment has been completed in semi-rigid form, the stronger external reinforcement such as spot weld 37 is performed to produce the rigid segment 31′ as shown in
A noteworthy advantage is that the fabricator can assemble and inventory various standard lengths of straight, tacked segments, such as 5, 10, 15, and 20 feet. A customer can draw up a bending pattern that specifies the ultimate shape of the sculpture. The customer can observe and/or direct adjustments to the shaping as the workman in the fabrication shop (or at the customer's site) bends the joints. Once the final shape is achieved, the joints are fully welded to produce a very rigid multi-dimensional sculpture piece for the customer.
It should be understood that, given the wide range of sizes of segments and completed structures that can be fabricated according to the present invention, the natural or nominal bending of a segment that has been formed by tacking or that has been formed by crimping, can differ from one embodiment or end use to another. Generally, the segment would be formed on a rigid surface such as a table, floor, or the ground, so gravity would not produce any bending. For convenience, this condition can be considered as semi-rigid, in that the segment holds its inherent shape but can be manually or mechanically bent at the tack weld or crimps, before reinforcement that produces a much stronger, significantly more rigid segment. As previously described in the embodiment of
In a completed structure, only about 10-20% of the total weight is attributable to welded connections. It is estimated that to produce a crimped but unwelded segment of equal strength, the sheet metal thickens and thus resulting weight would be two to three times greater than the inventive thin walled tetrahedra with welded connections.
It should be appreciated that one or more appendages could be attached to a main segment, using the process described above, while the segment is fully or partially reinforced with fillet welds or the like.
Claims
1. A method for constructing a non-linear structure comprising: bending a chain of serially connected hollow metal tetrahedra to form a non-linear segment and reinforcing the connections of the segment to form a rigid non-linear structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hollow tetrahedra are integrally connected by respective crimped webs of metal, the bending is along at least one web, and the reinforcement is at each web.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement includes a weld.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein one bending is on one plane and another bending is on a different plane.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the bending produces a non-linear sculpture.
6. A method for constructing a non-linear structure comprising the steps of:
- a. forming a multiplicity of individual hollow, metal tetrahedral units, each unit having six edges;
- b. vertically abutting one edge of a first unit with one edge of an adjacent second unit;
- c. tacking together the vertically abutting edges of the first and second units;
- d. horizontally aligning another edge of the second unit with a horizontal edge of an adjacent third unit;
- e. tacking together the horizontally abutting edges of the second and third units;
- f. vertically abutting another edge of the third unit with a vertical edge of an adjacent fourth unit;
- g. tacking together the vertically abutting edges of the third and fourth units;
- h. repeating at least some of the steps b.-g. to form a segment of connected units with a centerline passing through a multiplicity of vertically oriented tacked edges and a multiplicity of horizontally oriented tacked edges;
- i. after any one or more of steps b.-h., orienting a tacked edge of at least one unit such that the centerline of the segment is non-linear; and
- j. after step i., joining the abutting edges with a rigid metal-to-metal bond and thereby producing a rigid non-linear segment.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-linear segment is mounted on a base and the structure is a sculpture.
8. The method of claim 6, including
- k. repeating steps b.-j. at least once to produce a plurality of rigid non-linear segments; and
- l. joining the plurality of non-linear segments to produce a three dimensional tetrahedral structure.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of joining a plurality of non-linear segments produces an arch.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein each segment is curved in two planes.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of joining a plurality of non-linear segments produces a multi-pod.
12. The method of claim 6, wherein step i. of orienting an edge includes bending the segment along a tacked edge.
13. The method of claim 6, wherein step i. of orienting an edge includes rotating one unit relative to an adjacent unit and tacking congruent vertical edges such that the horizontal edge of the one unit is not parallel to the horizontal edge of the adjacent unit.
14. The method of claim 6, wherein step i. of orienting an edge includes rotating one unit relative to an adjacent unit and tacking congruent horizontal edges such that the vertical edge of the one unit is not parallel to the vertical edge of the adjacent unit.
15. The method of claim 6, wherein the tacking is spot welding and the metal to metal bond is a weld fully along the edges.
16. A tetrahedral structure comprising: at least one non-linear segment consisting of a chain of serially connected hollow metal tetrahedra, in which each connection between successive tetrahedra includes external reinforcement.
17. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein each segment includes a plurality of tetrahedral units each having six edges and successive tetrahedra are welded together at abutting edges.
18. The tetrahedral structure of claim 17, wherein each weld extends congruently along respective abutting edges and has a thickness greater than the thickness of the metal walls and wherein each segment has two longitudinal ends and an end-to-end centerline through the segment has a deviation of at least 30 degrees from a straight line.
19. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein a plurality of said segments are connected together.
20. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein the structure is an arch.
21. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein the structure is a multipod.
22. The tetrahedral structure claim 16, wherein the structure is a sculpture.
23. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein each segment has first and second longitudinal ends and a plurality of segments are connected together other than at the ends.
24. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein the structure is a sculpture with the a first end supported in a base and second ends extending at least ten feet above the base.
25. The tetrahedral structure of claim 16, wherein the tetrahedra within in each segment differ in size.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 1, 2015
Publication Date: Oct 8, 2015
Inventor: Howard A. Fromson (Stonington, CT)
Application Number: 14/676,463