SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR POSTURE AND VITAL SIGN MONITORING
Systems and methods of monitoring posture and vital signs are disclosed. In some embodiments, the system includes a cushion on which a user can sit. The cushion includes a first optical fiber sensor, a second sensor, and a first computing device. The system may further include a second computing device communicatively coupled to the first computing device and configured to receive sensor data from the first computing device. One or both of the first and second computing devices may operate to combine a signal indicative of the movement of the user with a signal indicative of the direction of movement of the user to determine a posture of the user. The system may provide feedback based on the user's posture and recommend actions to improve posture. The system may further monitor the user's heart rate, respiration rate, or other vital signs.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 62/057,237 entitled “Vital Signs Fiber Optic Sensor”, filed Sep. 30, 2014, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCEAll publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis invention relates generally to the fields of health and wellness, and more specifically to new and useful systems and methods for posture and vital sign monitoring.
BACKGROUNDThe average American sits eleven hours per day. Further, roughly 23.5% of adults in the United States do not engage in physical activity. Physical inactivity accounts for approximately $24 billion in direct medical spending. Increases in sedentary lifestyles are at least partially due to increased availability of desk jobs, videogame and television entertainment, and modern conveniences (e.g., elevators, motorized transportation, home or internet-based shopping, etc.). Leading a sedentary lifestyle is linked to increased morbidity as well as poor posture and increased stress, neck strain, heart disease, colon cancer, joint pain, and varicose veins, among other health issues.
Furthermore, inactivity and poor posture can lead to lower back pain and other back problems. Back pain can be debilitating for an individual and exacts a substantial economic cost on society—back pain is the most common cause of job-related disability and a leading contributor to missed work days. For many, back pain may be avoided or reduced by maintaining good posture, particularly during prolonged periods of sitting. While many people know the importance of good posture, it can be very difficult to remain mindful of resisting the pull of gravity on the spine when sitting for any extended period of time.
Currently, some portable devices, such as wireless heart rate monitors and other wearable devices, measure one or more vital signs. Other portable devices count steps or otherwise monitor an indicator of activity level. However, with existing consumer devices, it is difficult to monitor posture, to accurately measure vital signs, to remember to perform one or more physical activities, to know when it is appropriate or necessary to perform these activities, and to gauge individual progress. Thus, there is a need for new and useful systems and methods for posture and vital sign monitoring. This invention provides such new and useful systems and methods.
SUMMARYDescribed herein are systems and methods for posture and vital sign monitoring. One aspect of the disclosure is directed to a system for posture monitoring, and optionally, vital sign monitoring. In general, the system for posture and vital sign monitoring includes a cushion. In some embodiments, the cushion is portable. In some embodiments, the cushion forms a portion of a chair, seat, sleeping pod, or couch. In some embodiments, the cushion further includes a memory foam layer.
In various embodiments, the cushion includes: a first optical fiber sensor configured to produce a first signal indicative of a movement of a user, a second sensor configured to produce a second signal indicative of a direction of the movement of the user, and a first computing device including a first processor and memory having a first set of instructions stored thereon.
In some embodiments, the first optical fiber sensor includes a one-layer deformer structure. In some embodiments, the second sensor is a second optical fiber sensor. In some embodiments, the second sensor is a pressure sensor. In some embodiments, the first optical fiber sensor or the second sensor is further configured to produce an additional signal indicative of a vital sign of the user. In some embodiments, the vital sign is a respiratory waveform and/or a cardiac waveform.
Optionally, in some embodiments, a system for posture and vital sign monitoring includes a second computing device. In some embodiments, the second computing device includes a smartphone, wearable computing device, tablet, laptop, other portable computing device, or a remote server.
In some embodiments, the second computing device is communicatively coupled to the first computing device. In some embodiments, the first computing device and the second computing device communicate wirelessly. In some embodiments, the second computing device includes a second processor and memory having a second set of instructions stored thereon. In some embodiments, execution of the first and second set of instructions causes a method to be performed including: transmitting data from the first computing device to the second computing device; combining the first signal indicative of the movement of the user with the second signal indicative of the direction of the movement of the user to determine a posture of the user; determining if a change to the posture of the user is recommended; and if change to the posture of the user is recommended, recommending an action to the user via the second computing device. In some embodiments, an action recommended to a user includes standing, walking, correcting posture, and/or stretching.
Another aspect of the disclosure is directed to a method for posture monitoring, and optionally, vital sign monitoring. In various embodiments, the computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes: receiving a first signal indicative of a movement of a user; receiving a second signal indicative of a direction of the movement of the user; combining the first signal indicative of the movement of the user with the second signal indicative of the direction of the movement of the user to determine a posture of the user; determining if a change to the posture of the user is recommended; and if change to the posture of the user is recommended, recommending an action to the user to change the posture.
In some embodiments, the first signal is produced by a first optical fiber sensor in a cushion. In some embodiments, the second signal is produced by a second sensor in the cushion. The second sensor may be another optical fiber sensor, a pressure sensor, or other suitable sensor. In some embodiments, the action recommended to the user includes standing, walking, stretching, and/or correcting posture.
In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes identifying if the user is sitting upright with a neutral spine position or if the user is leaning forward, leaning backward, leaning left, leaning right, slouching, and/or otherwise sitting in a position other than the neutral spine position.
In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes generating an alert on the first or second computing device if change to the posture of the user is recommended.
In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes receiving an additional signal indicative of a vital sign of the user. In some embodiments, the additional signal is produced by the first optical fiber sensor or the second sensor. In some embodiments, the vital sign is a respiratory waveform and/or a cardiac waveform of the user. In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes determining a stress level of the user based, at least in part, on a change in a variability of the cardiac waveform. In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes determining if a change to the vital sign is recommended; and if change to the vital sign of the user is recommended, recommending an action to the user to change the vital sign. In some embodiments, the action recommended to the user includes standing, walking, stretching, and/or controlled/deliberate breathing. In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes generating an alert on the first or second computing device if change to the vital sign is recommended.
In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes monitoring a sleep cycle of the user based on the first signal, the second signal, and/or the additional signal. In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes generating a stimulation signal to stimulate a vibrator within the cushion. In some embodiments, the stimulation signal is generated during an appropriate sleep cycle stage of the user and is generated, for example, to awaken the user.
The following description of certain embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this invention. Disclosed herein are systems and methods for posture and vital sign monitoring.
In general, a system for posture and vital sign monitoring is used by a person (i.e., a user) at home, in an office (e.g., while working, waiting for or during an appointment, etc.), in a motorized vehicle, at a sporting event (e.g., an arena, field, coliseum, park, gym, range, rink, stadium, velodrome, etc.) or in any other location.
In some embodiments, a vital sign includes one or more of a heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and blood pressure of a user. In some embodiments, the vital sign includes a cardiac waveform and/or respiration waveform.
In some embodiments, posture includes one or more of a position, a movement, and a direction of movement of a user. For example, a posture of a user may include a hunchback (i.e. kyphosis), a scoliotic spine, rounded shoulders, flatback, swayback (i.e. lordosis), leaning forward, leaning backward, leaning left, leaning right, sitting upright, twisting, slouching, or any other deviation from a healthy, neutral spine position. The neutral spine position is characterized in a healthy spine as an optimal position of three natural curves of the spine: a cervical (i.e., neck) region involving cervical vertebrae C1-C7, a thoracic (i.e., mid-back) region involving thoracic vertebrae T1-T12, and a lumbar (i.e., lower back) region involving lumber vertebrae L1-L5. In a healthy back, the ideal position of: the cervical region is anteriorly convex, the thoracic region is posteriorly convex, and the lumbar region is anteriorly convex.
In some embodiments, a system for posture and vital sign monitoring includes monitoring a physical attribute of the user, for example, a total weight, weight distribution, or body mass index (BMI) of the user. In some embodiments, a system for posture and vital sign monitoring includes determining and monitoring a stress level, heart rate variability, and/or respiration rate variability of the user.
In some embodiments, an average, minimum, maximum, healthy, and/or unhealthy vital sign and/or posture is determined by the system monitoring the user over time. For example, the system may calibrate to the user by monitoring the user for a time period (e.g., hour, day, week, etc.) to determine the normal variability in the user's cardiac and respiration waveforms and posture and to detect deviations from the normal variability. Alternatively or additionally, the system may compare a user's posture and cardiac and respiration waveforms to individuals in the user's same age group, sex group, ethnic group, social class, work environment, location, and/or any other comparable group to identify deviations from normal or healthy values.
Systems and DevicesVarious embodiments of a system 2 for posture and vital sign monitoring includes a cushion 4. The cushion 4 functions to house: two or more sensors for measuring posture and/or one or more vital signs of the user, and a first computing device. In some embodiments, the cushion forms a portion of a chair, seat, sleeping pod, mattress, and/or couch. In some embodiments, such as the embodiment of a cushion shown in
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In some embodiments, the cushion 4 includes material on an exterior surface of the cushion. The material may include cotton, linen, polyester, rayon, denim, velvet, corduroy, silk, wool, leather, polyvinyl chloride (i.e., vinyl), artificial leather (e.g., poromeric imitation leather, Corfam, Koskin, Leatherette, etc.), suede or microsuede, or any other material. In some embodiments, the material is washable, stain-resistant, fire-resistant (i.e. flame retardant), weather-resistant (e.g., sun-resistant), wrinkle-resistant, and/or water-resistant. In some embodiments, the material is breathable to permit airflow into the cushion such that one or more sensors, electronics, and/or computing devices disposed in the cushion do not overheat.
In some embodiments, the cushion includes multiple internal layers, for example, as visible in
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In some embodiments, one or more first sensors 10 are optical fiber sensors and one or more second sensors 12 are pressure sensors. Alternatively, in one such embodiment, the first and second sensors are both optical fiber sensors. In some embodiments, the first optical fiber sensor is configured to produce a first signal indicative of a change in force (i.e., movement) of a user and the second sensor (e.g., pressure sensor, optical fiber sensor, etc.) is configured to produce a second signal indicative of a direction of the movement of the user, such that the first and second signals, when combined, indicate a posture of the user.
Posture is determined, in part, by pelvic tilt. Tilt or rotation in an individual's pelvis may cause changes to the curvatures of the lumbar, thoracic, and/or cervical regions of the spine. Similarly, changes to the curvature of the lumbar, thoracic, and/or cervical regions may lead to rotation of the pelvis. For example, rotating a pelvis in a forward tilting position (i.e., an anteverted position) causes an increase in the lumbar curvature. Anterior rotation of the pelvis can result in a swayback posture (i.e., lordosis). Slouching leads the pelvis to rotate towards a backward tilting position (i.e., a retroverted position). When an individual is sitting on a surface, changes in rotation or tilt of the pelvis result in changes in pressure and force distribution on the surface. Thus, in some embodiments, posture is determined by using a combination of fiber optics sensors and/or pressure sensors to detect applied pressures, forces, and/or changes in applied pressures or forces on the cushion.
Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the first optical fiber sensor is sufficiently sensitive to detect both macro- and micro-movements of the user (i.e., relatively large and small changes in force) such that the signal generated by the first optical fiber sensor may additionally be indicative of breathing, a beating heart, and/or one or more other vital functions of the user.
In some embodiments that include at least one optical fiber sensor 10, for example, as shown in
In some embodiments, the optical fiber sensor includes a single or double deformer structure. An embodiment of a cushion having an optical fiber sensor with a single layer deformer structure is shown in
In some embodiments, a system for posture and/or vital sign monitoring includes one or more second sensors 12, for example, one or more pressure sensors. The second sensor functions, in combination with the optical fiber sensor 10, to determine a posture of the user. As shown in
In some embodiments, one or more pressure sensors are arranged in a pattern on an interior layer of the cushion 4. In one embodiment, the pattern includes a substantially hexagonal pattern, for example, as shown in
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In various embodiments, there is one-way or two-way communication between the cushion computing device and the portable computing device, the cushion computing device and the remote computing device, and/or the portable computing device and the remote computing device. Two or more computing devices of the system may communicate wirelessly using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, CDMA, other cellular protocol, other radiofrequency, or another wireless protocol.
In some embodiments, the cushion computing device (in the cushion 4), portable computing device 6, and remote computing device 7 each include a processor, for example a microcontroller, and memory having instructions stored thereon. The processor functions to execute the operating instructions of the system. The operating instructions of the system may include instructions for receiving one or more signals from one or more sensors, processing the signals, and determining a posture and/or vital sign of the user from the processed signals.
In some embodiments, a cushion computing device and a portable computing device each include a processor, which is embedded on a printed circuit board (PCB) and communicatively coupled (e.g., via a hardwired connection) to one or more system components (e.g., power module, user input elements, light module, vibration module, optical fiber sensor, second sensor, etc.). In some embodiments, the processor is a low-energy microcontroller.
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In some embodiments, a user may share his/her vital sign(s), activity level, and/or posture information with one or more social networks (e.g., Facebook®, Twitter®, LinkedIn®, Instagram®, etc.) or through email or messaging using the cushion and/or portable computing device. A user may transmit his/her average heart rate, respiration rate, posture, and/or stress level; activity level or goal activity level for a period of time; cardiac and/or respiration waveforms; one or more services the user is using as recommended by the system (e.g., to decrease stress, improve posture, etc.); or any other information the user wishes to share.
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In some embodiments, S120 is performed by the cushion computing device. In such embodiments, the raw optical sensor signal and the raw pressure sensor signal are received, processed, and combined by the cushion computing device. In other embodiments, S120 is performed by the portable computing device. In such embodiments, following receipt of the raw signals by the cushion computing device, the signals are at least minimally processed by the cushion computing device, for example, to convert from analog to digital signals. Additional processing, such as filtering the signals to remove noise and artifacts, may be performed by the cushion computing device or the portable computing device. In such embodiments, the partially or fully processed signals are transmitted to the portable computing device for performance of S120. The partially or fully processed signals may be transmitted via a wired connection (e.g., a cable) or a wireless connection (e.g., Bluetooth, low-energy Bluetooth, or other radiofrequency protocol). In still other embodiments, S120 is performed by a remote computing device. In such embodiments, the partially or fully processed signals may be received by the portable computing device, optionally processed further, and transmitted from the portable computing device to the remote computing device for performance of S120. The signals may be transmitted to the remote computing device via a Wi-Fi, CDMA, other cellular, other radiofrequency, or other wireless connection.
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In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes S150, which recites receiving a signal indicative of a vital sign of the user. For example, the vital sign signal may be produced by the first optical fiber sensor or a second sensor. In some embodiments, one or more of the sensors, such as the optical fiber sensor, are sensitive enough to detect micro-movements indicative of breathing, a beating heart, or other vital function. In some embodiments, the vital sign includes a respiratory waveform and/or a cardiac waveform of the user. From these waveforms, a breathing rate and/or heart rate, respectively, can be detected and tracked. Further, in some embodiments, a stress level of the user is determined based, at least in part, on a change in a variability of the cardiac waveform and/or respiration waveform. For example, the system may calibrate to the user by monitoring the user for a time period (e.g., hour, day, week, etc.) to determine the variability in the user's cardiac and/or respiration waveforms. Alternatively or additionally, the system may compare a user's cardiac and/or respiration waveforms to individuals in the user's same age group, sex group, ethnic group, social class, work environment, location, or any other comparable group. Based on this calibration and/or comparison, the system may determine a stress level of the user. In some embodiments, after determining a vital sign and/or stress level of the user, the system performs S160, which recites determining if a change to the vital sign is recommended, and if change to the vital sign of the user is recommended, the system recommends an action to the user to change the vital sign, as shown at S170. The recommendation functions to provide suggestions, action items, and/or resources to the user so that the user can correct and/or improve his/her stress level and/or vital signs. In some embodiments, a recommendation or action item includes suggesting that the user nap, wake-up, stand, walk, stretch, move, breathe slowly and/or deeply (e.g., with coaching from system), meditate, or any other activity. In some embodiments, the system recommends or suggests a resource, for example, one or more media (e.g., book, website, podcast, etc.) links for education on stress, healthy activities, and/or outcomes of healthy or unhealthy stress levels and/or vital signs. In some embodiments, the system recommends or suggests a service to the user, for example, a massage, chiropractor, exercise coach, yoga class, gym, spa, meditation class, therapist, or any other service.
In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes generating an alert on the cushion or portable computing device if change to the posture, stress level, and/or vital sign of the user is recommended. An alert may be generated to indicate to the user that he/she is experiencing unhealthy posture, stress levels, and/or vital signs that require adjustment, correction, and/or improvement. The system may alert the user on the cushion and/or the portable computing device using auditory, haptic/tactile, visual, and/or olfactory alerts. For example, an auditory alert may include a voice command or alert or a tonal alert (e.g., beep, ding, etc.) generated at the cushion or portable computing device. A tactile or haptic alert may include: vibration of the cushion computing device, portable computing device, and/or cushion; and/or a warming sensation in the cushion (e.g., by one or more heat emitters or heating elements in the cushion). A visual alert may include a message (e.g., SMS, push notification, badge notification, etc.) on a display screen of the cushion and/or portable computing device; and/or a light indicator (e.g., red, yellow, orange, green, etc.) generated by an LED or other light emitter on or coupled to the cushion computing device and/or portable computing device. An olfactory alert may include emission of one or more aromatic compounds from the cushion. Release of the aromatic compound may be induced by passing electricity, and thereby heat, through conductive traces or heating a set of electric coils, for example similar to a heating blanket, in the cushion such that the heat causes the aromatic compound to transition from a liquid state to a vapor/gaseous state that can be perceived by the olfactory system of the user. Alternatively or additionally, the cushion may include a compartment including an aromatic perfume or compound such that the compound is released (e.g. sprayed into the air) during set times, for example when a user's stress level reaches an unhealthy level. In some embodiments, to reduce stress levels and/or vital signs of the user, the cushion may release lavender, jasmine, chamomile, sandalwood, or mint scents. In some embodiments, to energize or encourage a user, for example to wake-up, stand-up, walk, and/or move, the cushion may release citrus or rosemary scents.
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For example, the signal collected by one or more optic fiber sensors is indicative of an amount of deformation on the optic fiber, which is itself indicative of an amount of force applied to the cushion; thus, the signal can be analyzed to determine an estimation of the user's weight. The estimate of the user's weight informs a set of posture recognition parameters. Tge set of posture recognition parameters may include, for example, posture classifier coefficients, threshold values for each posture category/classification, etc. As an example, once an estimate of a user's weight is determined, the system may use the user's weight and one or more posture recognition parameters and/or equations to calculate an amount of pressure or force that would be exerted on one or more second sensors if a user were seated in a healthy, neutral posture. This calculated pressure or force is referred to herein as the expected neutral pressure or force. In some embodiments, the system executes a posture recognition algorithm in which the actual pressure or force detected at one or more second sensors is compared to the expected neutral pressure or force to determine if a user is currently seated in a healthy, neutral posture.
The optic fiber signal is additionally used in various embodiments to detect a posture change event. A posture change event may be detected when there is a change in the optic fiber signal resulting from a change in the deformation of the optic fiber. A change in the deformation of the optic fiber may result any time there is a shift in a user's weight distribution. A detected posture change event will trigger the new posture recognition algorithm. In some embodiments, the new posture recognition algorithm includes categorizing a second signal collected by one or more second sensors. For example, the second signal may be categorized by a pre-trained posture model and a posture recognition algorithm controlled by the set of posture recognition parameters.
In some embodiments, the posture model is pre-trained by learning from a large set of training samples collected by the cushion computing device. During the training phase, the training samples are collected from multiple users sitting in defined posture positions or categories during the data collection. The collected training samples are then analyzed and a set of normalized features is extracted from each training sample. With the extracted feature set and the corresponding collected posture category set, the posture model is refined by applying multiple machine learning algorithms and/or techniques. In some embodiments, the second signal is pre-processed and analyzed, at least in part, using a posture recognition algorithm. A set of normalized features is extracted from the second signal using the same method as that during the training phase. The extracted feature set is then input into the pre-trained model to determine the posture category of the second signal. Posture recognition parameters include model parameters, such as the weights of each feature, the classifier coefficients, and the thresholds of each posture category, which are set during a user weight estimation phase using the optical fiber data. In some embodiments, a posture recommendation algorithm generates feedback to the user when it is determined that the user is not sitting in a neutral posture. The feedback may be generated when a reminder and/or guidance is determined by the system to be necessary to change the new posture of the user. In one such embodiment, a set of continuous (or frequently acquired) posture statuses are stored in a data structure (e.g., circular buffer, cyclic buffer, or ring buffer) on the third computing device, the second computing device, and/or the first computing device. Such posture statuses may be analyzed to determine if a reminder and/or guidance should be triggered and sent to the user on the second computing device to change the posture of the user.
In some embodiments, a computerized method for posture and vital sign monitoring includes monitoring a sleep cycle of the user based on one or more of the first signal, second signal, and third signal. Such a method may function to determine: a posture and/or vital sign of the user, when it is appropriate to wake a user from a nap, and/or one or more health conditions of the user. For example, the system may distinguish between REM and non-REM sleep cycles of the user based on a respiration rate and/or heart rate of the user. Such a system may be able to alert a user if frequent disruptions are occurring in the user's sleep cycle. In some embodiments, the system generates a signal to stimulate a vibrator within the cushion or to release an aromatic compound from the cushion, for example to wake the user during an appropriate sleep cycle stage of the user.
The systems and methods of the preferred embodiment and variations thereof can be embodied and/or implemented at least in part as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. The instructions are preferably executed by computer-executable components preferably integrated with the system and one or more portions of the processor on the cushion and/or portable computing device. The computer-readable medium can be stored on any suitable computer-readable media such as RAMs, ROMs, flash memory, EEPROMs, optical devices (e.g., CD or DVD), hard drives, floppy drives, or any suitable device. The computer-executable component is preferably a general or application-specific processor, but any suitable dedicated hardware or hardware/firmware combination can alternatively or additionally execute the instructions.
As used in the description and claims, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include both singular and plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a sensor” may include, and is contemplated to include, a plurality of sensors. At times, the claims and disclosure may include terms such as “a plurality,” “one or more,” or “at least one;” however, the absence of such terms is not intended to mean, and should not be interpreted to mean, that a plurality is not conceived.
The term “about” or “approximately,” when used before a numerical designation or range (e.g., to define a length or pressure), indicates approximations which may vary by (+) or (−) 5%, 1% or 0.1%. All numerical ranges provided herein are inclusive of the stated start and end numbers. The term “substantially” indicates mostly (i.e., greater than 50%) or essentially all of a device, substance, or composition.
As used herein, the term “comprising” or “comprises” is intended to mean that the devices, systems, and methods include the recited elements, and may additionally include any other elements. “Consisting essentially of” shall mean that the devices, systems, and methods include the recited elements and exclude other elements of essential significance to the combination for the stated purpose. Thus, a system or method consisting essentially of the elements as defined herein would not exclude other materials, features, or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. “Consisting of” shall mean that the devices, systems, and methods include the recited elements and exclude anything more than a trivial or inconsequential element or step. Embodiments defined by each of these transitional terms are within the scope of this disclosure.
The examples and illustrations included herein show, by way of illustration and not of limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein individually or collectively by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept, if more than one is disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.
Claims
1. A system for posture monitoring, comprising:
- a cushion comprising: a first optical fiber sensor configured to produce a first signal indicative of a movement of a user, a second sensor configured to produce a second signal indicative of a direction of the movement of the user, and a first computing device comprising a first processor and memory having a first set of instructions stored thereon; and
- a second computing device, wherein the second computing device is communicatively coupled to the first computing device, and wherein the second computing device comprises a second processor and memory having a second set of instructions stored thereon, wherein execution of the first and second set of instructions causes a method to be performed comprising: transmitting data from the first computing device to the second computing device, combining the first signal indicative of the movement of the user with the second signal indicative of the direction of the movement of the user to determine a posture of the user, determining if a change to the posture of the user is recommended, and if change to the posture of the user is recommended, recommending an action to the user via the second computing device.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second sensor is a second optical fiber sensor.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second sensor is a pressure sensor.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber sensor or the second sensor is further configured to produce a third signal indicative of a vital sign of the user.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the vital sign is one or more of a respiratory waveform and a cardiac waveform.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the action comprises one or more of standing, walking, correcting posture, and stretching.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the cushion is portable.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the cushion forms a portion of a chair, seat, sleeping pod, or couch.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first computing device and the second computing device communicate wirelessly.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second computing device comprises a smartphone, wearable computing device, tablet, laptop, other portable computing device, or a remote server.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber sensor comprises a one-layer deformer structure.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the cushion further comprises a memory foam layer.
13. A computerized method for posture monitoring, comprising:
- receiving a first signal indicative of a movement of a user, wherein the first signal is produced by a first optical fiber sensor in a cushion;
- receiving a second signal indicative of a direction of the movement of the user, wherein the second signal is produced by a second sensor in the cushion;
- combining the first signal indicative of the movement of the user with the second signal indicative of the direction of the movement of the user to determine a posture of the user;
- determining if a change to the posture of the user is recommended; and
- if change to the posture of the user is recommended, recommending an action to the user to change the posture.
14. The computerized method of claim 13, wherein the action includes one or more of standing, walking, stretching, and correcting posture.
15. The computerized method of claim 13, further comprising identifying if the user is leaning forward, leaning backward, leaning left, leaning right, sitting upright, or slouching.
16. The computerized method of claim 15, further comprising generating an alert on the first or second computing device if change to the posture of the user is recommended.
17. The computerized method of claim 13, further comprising receiving a third signal indicative of a vital sign of the user, wherein the third signal is produced by the first optical fiber sensor or the second sensor.
18. The computerized method of claim 17, wherein the vital sign is one or more of a respiratory waveform and a cardiac waveform of the user.
19. The computerized method of claim 18, further comprising determining a stress level of the user based, at least in part, on a change in a variability of the cardiac waveform.
20. The computerized method of claim 17, further comprising monitoring a sleep cycle of the user based on one or more of the first signal, second signal, and third signal.
21. The computerized method of claim 20, further comprising generating a signal to stimulate a vibrator within the cushion, wherein the signal is generated during an appropriate sleep cycle stage of the user.
22. The computerized method of claim 17, further comprising:
- determining if a change to the vital sign is recommended; and
- if change to the vital sign of the user is recommended, recommending a second action to the user to change the vital sign.
23. The computerized method of claim 18, wherein the second action includes one or more of standing, walking, stretching, and breathing coaching.
24. The computerized method of claim 18, further comprising generating an alert on the first or second computing device if change to the vital sign is recommended.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 14, 2015
Publication Date: Mar 31, 2016
Inventor: Junhao Hu (Singapore)
Application Number: 14/738,918