FLUID VALVE APPARATUS HAVING ENCLOSED SEALS
Fluid valve apparatus having enclosed seals are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a seal having an inner core composed of a first material and an outer sheath composed of a second material different than the first material, a carrier having a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion. The first portion couples to the seal. The second portion clamps between a retainer and a valve body of a fluid valve to couple the seal to the valve body. A first surface of the second portion engages the retainer and a second surface of the second portion opposite the first surface engages the valve body when the second portion of the carrier is clamped between the retainer and the valve body.
This patent arises from a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/953,411, filed on Jul. 29, 2013, titled Fluid Valve Apparatus having Enclosed Seals, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSUREThis disclosure relates generally to valves and, more particularly, to fluid valve apparatus having enclosed seals.
BACKGROUNDControl valves (e.g., sliding stem valves, rotary valves, axial flow valves, globe valves, etc.) are commonly used in industrial processes (e.g., oil and gas pipeline distribution systems and chemical processing plants) to control the flow of process fluids. To control fluid flow, a control valve often employs a flow control member (e.g., a plate, a disk, a plug, etc.) that moves relative to a valve seat positioned in a valve body of the control valve. For example, a control valve having a relatively tight shut-off capability provides shut-off control such that substantially no fluid flows through the control valve when the flow control member sealingly engages the valve seat. Fluid flow may be allowed and/or increased as the flow control member moves and/or rotates away from the valve seat.
Some known control valves employ a seal as part of the valve seat and/or the control flow member (e.g., along a peripheral edge of the flow control member) to effect and/or improve a seal between the flow control member and the valve seat. Typically, industrial process conditions, such as pressure conditions, operation temperatures, and the type of process fluids dictate the type of seals that may be used. For example, soft seals composed of elastomers (e.g., EPDM) or fluoropolymers (e.g., PTFE) allow the flow control member to engage the valve seat more tightly and, thus, provide improved sealing characteristics to help prevent or restrict fluid flow through the control valve (i.e., provide relatively tight shut-off or seal characteristics). However, soft seals composed of elastomers or fluoropolymers have lower temperature and/or erosion resistance characteristics compared to, for example, seals composed of metal. For example, some soft seals may become damaged when used with process fluids having temperatures greater than 600° F. and/or may erode when used with process fluids having significant fluid pressures or velocities. Thus, such known seals can be used in a limited temperature range and/or with flows having a limited pressure or velocity range.
Seals composed of metal, on the other hand, provide greater resistance to temperature and erosion compared to soft seals. While such known metal seals have greater resistance to high temperatures and erosion, such known metal seals provide inferior sealing capabilities compared to soft seals and, thus, metal seals may not meet desired shut-off capability and/or classification. In some applications, control valves employ a laminated seal composed of graphite and stainless steel. Although such known laminated graphite seals enable a relatively tight shut-off over a wide temperature range, portions of the graphite layers that remain exposed to the process fluids having relatively high pressures or velocities may be susceptible to erosion.
SUMMARYAn example includes a seal having an inner core composed of a first material and an outer sheath composed of a second material different than the first material, a carrier having a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion. The first portion couples to the seal. The second portion clamps between a retainer and a valve body of a fluid valve to couple the seal to the valve body. A first surface of the second portion engages the retainer and a second surface of the second portion opposite the first surface engages the valve body when the second portion of the carrier is clamped between the retainer and the valve body.
Another example apparatus includes a valve body defining a fluid flow passageway between an inlet and an outlet. A flow control member is positioned in the fluid flow passageway to control fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet. A retainer is removably coupled to the valve body. A seal assembly is positioned between the retainer and the flow control member. The flow control member is to engage the seal assembly to restrict or prevent fluid flow through the fluid flow passageway. The seal assembly includes a seal and a carrier coupled to the seal. The carrier is to enable the seal to compress or deflect when the flow control member engages the seal. The carrier is to urge the seal radially inward toward a center of the fluid flow passageway and toward a sealing edge of the flow control member to provide a sufficiently tight seal between the seal and the sealing edge of the flow control member. The carrier has a first end and a second end. The first end is coupled to the seal and the second end is clamped between the retainer and the valve body.
Another example apparatus includes a flow control member positioned between an inlet and an outlet of a fluid flow passageway of a fluid valve. A retainer is removably coupled to a valve body of the fluid valve. A seal assembly is positioned within the fluid flow passageway. The seal assembly includes a seal having an annular ring composed of a first material and an outer sheath composed of a second material different than the first material, and a carrier coupled to the seal. The carrier having a first portion to support the seal and a second portion to be clamped between the retainer and the valve body to suspend the seal in the fluid flow passageway adjacent a sealing surface of the flow control member.
Certain examples are shown above in the identified figures and described below in detail. In describing these examples, like or identical reference numbers are used to identify the same or similar elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features and views of the figures may be exaggerated in scale or may be in schematic form for clarity or conciseness. Additionally, several examples have been described throughout this specification. Any features from any example may replace, be included with, or otherwise combine with other features from other examples.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe example fluid valves disclosed herein employ movable flow control members having a sealing surface to sealingly engage a valve seat of the fluid valve. More specifically, the example flow control member may include a retainer removably coupled to a body to define a sealing cavity of the flow control member. A seal or seal assembly is positioned within the sealing cavity and may be clamped between the body of the flow control member and the retainer to define the sealing surface of the flow control member. In some examples, the example flow control members disclosed herein may employ a locking or breakout prevention feature, which prevents the seal or seal assembly from loosening or becoming dislodged from the sealing cavity when the flow control member moves to an open position under a relatively high pressure fluid flow. In some examples, the locking feature may be provided by a clamping plate or surface of the seal or seal assembly that is captured or pinched between a wall or surface of the retainer and a wall or surface of the body to provide an increased holding force when the retainer is coupled to the body. In some examples, the seal or seal assembly may include one or more shoulders that are positioned in channels or grooves formed in the retainer and/or the body of the flow control member to retain the seal or the seal assembly within a sealing cavity of the flow control member.
The example seal or seal assembly disclosed herein may include a first seal portion (e.g., a graphite seal) encased or wrapped (e.g., fully or partially) with a second seal portion (e.g., a protective sheath, film or strip of material). The second seal portion is a relatively thin layer of material compared to the first seal portion and protects the first seal portion from damage that may otherwise occur when the first seal portion is exposed to process fluids having relatively high temperatures and/or pressures or velocities.
The example second seal portion disclosed herein may be composed of metal or any other material that provides greater resistance to high temperatures and/or erosion than provided by the first seal portion. Additionally, while the second seal portion provides protection to the first seal portion, the second seal portion is relatively thin compared to the first seal portion so that the second seal portion can conform, bend, flex and/or otherwise seal against a sealing surface of a fluid device. As a result, the relatively thin second seal portion enables the first seal portion to resiliently deform to cause the second seal portion to seal against a sealing surface of a fluid valve to provide a shut-off that is substantially equivalent to a shut-off capability typically provided by the first seal portion. Thus, although the second seal portion surrounds a sealing surface of the first seal portion, the second seal portion does not degrade or affect the sealing capabilities of the first seal portion. In other words, even though the second seal portion is positioned between the first seal portion and the seating surface of the fluid valve, the seal assembly provides a sealing capability of the first seal portion. Thus, the example seal assembly disclosed herein may provide greater temperature and/or erosion resistance while providing a relatively tight shut-off capability (e.g., a shut-off capability otherwise provided by a first seal portion composed of expanded graphite material).
An example seal that may be incorporated with the example fluid valves disclosed herein is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,491, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
When the flow control member 108 is in the closed position, a sealing surface 116 of the flow control member 108 engages the seating surface 114 (e.g., a seat ring) of the rotary valve 100 to prevent or restrict fluid flow through the fluid flow passageway 102. The sealing surface 116 of the illustrated example is defined by a seal or seal assembly 118. The flow control member 108 of the illustrated example includes a retainer 120 removably coupled to a body 124 of the flow control member 108 via a plurality of fasteners 122 to retain or clamp the seal 118 to the body 124.
The seal 118 of the illustrated example is positioned, clamped or otherwise retained within the sealing cavity 204 via the retainer 120. The seal 118 of the illustrated example is an annular ring that at least partially protrudes from the sealing cavity 204 relative to the peripheral edge 206 of the flow control member 108 to sealingly engage the seating surface 114 of the rotary valve 100.
The first seal portion 302 of the illustrated example is a core 312 composed of graphite or expanded graphite material having flexible, resilient characteristics. The second seal portion 304 is a thin metal sheet, strip, cover or sheath 314 that conforms to a profile of the core 312. The sheath 314 of the illustrated example is composed of a metallic material and is relatively thin compared to the core 312. The second seal portion of the illustrated example may be composed of stainless steel, an alloy, and/or any other material (e.g., a non-metallic or plastic material) that may be used to improve temperature and erosion resistance of the first seal portion. In particular, the sheath 314 has a thickness that is significantly thinner than a thickness of the core 312 such that the core 312 causes the sheath 314 to conform to seating surface 114 of the rotary valve 100 when the flow control member 108 sealingly engages the seating surface 114. In the illustrated example, the core 312 comprises a curved surface 316 having a radius to conform to a radius of the seating surface 114 of the rotary valve 100. When the seal 118 is in sealing engagement with the seating surface 114, the second seal portion 304 or sheath 314 transfers a load between the seating surface 114 and the first seal portion 302. In operation, the sheath 314 protects the core 312 from damage and/or erosion when the seal 118 is exposed to process fluids having relatively high temperatures and/or pressures or velocities that would otherwise damage and/or erode the core 312 absent the sheath 314.
The example rotary valve 400 includes a flow control member 404 having a retainer 406 coupled to a body 408 to define a sealing cavity 410 about a peripheral edge 412 of the retainer 406 and/or the body 408. The seal 402 of the illustrated example is positioned or clamped within the sealing cavity 410. The seal 402 includes a first seal portion 414 composed of a first material (e.g., graphite) encased, wrapped or enclosed with a second seal portion 416 composed of a second material (e.g., stainless steel) different than the first material. For example, the first seal portion 414 defines a core or an annular ring 418 and is substantially similar to the first seal portion 302 of the example rotary valve 100 of
The second seal portion 416 of the illustrated example includes a blowout prevention or locking feature 420. More specifically, the second seal portion 416 defines an annular strip, sheet or sheath 422 (e.g., a unitary strip) that includes an edge 424 (e.g., an outer edge) wrapped, crimped or otherwise formed around at least a portion of the first seal portion 414, and an intermediate portion 426 (e.g., a strip of material or a circular plate) extending across at least a portion of an opening 428 defined by the annular ring 418. For example, the intermediate portion 426 of the second seal portion 416 forms a substantially circular plate to attach or clamp the seal 402 to the flow control member 404. More specifically, the intermediate portion 426 is clamped or captured between a wall or surface 406a of the retainer 406 and a wall or surface 408a the body 408. In some examples, the intermediate portion 426 may include one or more openings 430 to receive a fastener 432 of the retainer 406.
During operation, a temporary suction or vacuum may occur at an interface between the seal 402 and a seating surface 434 when the flow control member 404 is moved to an open position (e.g., moves away from the seating surface 434 of the rotary valve 400) while exposed to high pressure fluids. As a result, there is a risk of the seal 402 being loosened, sucked or pulled out from the sealing cavity 410 by the fluid forces (e.g., a vacuum) overcoming the frictional or clamping forces provided by the retainer 406 and the body 408. In some instances, such blowout can result in the loss of tight shut-off capability, thereby allowing fluid to flow through the rotary valve 400 when the flow control member 404 is in sealing engagement the seating surface 434 of the rotary valve 400.
However, the intermediate portion 426 being clamped between the retainer 406 and the body 408 of the flow control member 404 reduces the risk of the seal 402 becoming loose or dislodged from the sealing cavity 410 of the flow control member 404. Therefore, the intermediate portion 426 of the second seal portion 416 provides a blowout prevention feature by increasing a clamping or holding force provided by the retainer 406 and the body 408 to significantly reduce the likelihood of the seal 402 (e.g., the first seal portion 416) becoming loose or dislodged from the sealing cavity 410 when the rotary valve 400 is moved to an open position while exposed to process fluids having relatively high pressures.
Similar to the rotary valve 400 of
The retainer 604 of the illustrated example includes a groove, slot or channel 622 to receive the shoulder 620 of the first seal portion 614 when the retainer 604 is coupled to the body 606. As a result, the shoulder 620 of the first seal portion 614 engages a shoulder or wall 624 defined by the channel 622 to help retain or maintain the seal 612 in the sealing cavity 608 during operation of the rotary valve 600. In other examples, the body 606 may include a groove or channel instead of the retainer 604 to receive the shoulder 620 of the first seal portion 614. In yet other examples, the seal 612 may include another shoulder or leg (e.g., opposite and similar to the shoulder 620) such that both the channel 622 in the retainer 604 and a channel in the body 606 receive respective shoulders of the seal 612 to help retain the seal 612 in the sealing cavity 608 (e.g., a T-shaped seal).
To control the flow of process fluid through the passageway 804, the flow control member 802 is operatively coupled to an actuator (not shown)(e.g., a manual actuator, a pneumatic actuator, etc.) via a valve shaft 812. For example, the actuator moves the flow control member 802 relative to the seal ring assembly 810 in response to a control signal from a process controller, which may be part of a distributed control system (neither of which are shown). During operation, the actuator moves or rotates the flow control member 802 relative to the seal ring assembly 810 between a closed position to prevent fluid flow through the passageway 804 and an open position to allow fluid flow through the passageway 804.
As the flow control member 802 moves or rotates to the closed position 902, the sealing edge 904 of the flow control member 802 engages or slides against the seal 906 and into the closed position 902. The carrier 908 allows the seal 906 to compress or deflect as the flow control member 802 is rotated into the closed position 902 and the carrier 908 biases the seal 906 radially inward (e.g., toward a center of the valve body 806) and against the sealing edge 904 of the flow control member 802 to create a sufficiently tight seal between the seal 906 and the sealing edge 904. Additionally, the example seal 906 and the carrier 908 provide a pressure-assisted seal. In particular, a pressure differential across the flow control member 802 provided by an inlet pressure that is greater than an outlet pressure provides an unbalanced force at an inlet side of the carrier 908 and the seal 906 that helps assist or bias (e.g., push) the seal 906 against the sealing edge 904.
The example seals disclosed herein are not limited to rotary valves. In some examples, the seals disclosed herein may be employed with linear valves such as sliding stem valves. For example,
Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the claims of this patent.
Claims
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a seal having an inner core composed of a first material and an outer sheath composed of a second material different than the first material; and
- a carrier having a first portion and a second portion extending from the first portion, the first portion to couple to the seal, the second portion to be clamped between a retainer and a valve body of a fluid valve to couple the seal to the valve body, a first surface of the second portion is to engage the retainer and a second surface of the second portion opposite the first surface is to engage the valve body when the second portion of the carrier is clamped between the retainer and the valve body.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the carrier is coupled to the seal via a weld.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the carrier is to allow the seal to compress or deflect relative to a center axis of a flow control member when the flow control member engages the seal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the seal or the carrier is ring-shaped.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the carrier is to deflect or move relative to the second portion of the carrier.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inner core comprises graphite material and the outer sheath comprises a metallic material.
7. An apparatus comprising:
- a valve body defining a fluid flow passageway between an inlet and an outlet;
- a flow control member positioned in the fluid flow passageway to control fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet;
- a retainer removably coupled to the valve body; and
- a seal assembly positioned between the retainer and the flow control member, the flow control member to engage the seal assembly to restrict or prevent fluid flow through the fluid flow passageway, the seal assembly including: a seal; and a carrier coupled to the seal, the carrier to enable the seal to compress or deflect when the flow control member engages the seal, the carrier to urge the seal radially inward toward a center of the fluid flow passageway and toward a sealing edge of the flow control member to provide a sufficiently tight seal between the seal and the sealing edge of the flow control member, the carrier having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled to the seal and the second end being clamped between the retainer and the valve body.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the seal includes a first seal portion and a second seal portion encasing the first seal portion.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first seal portion is composed of an expanded graphite material and the second seal portion composed of a metallic material.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the carrier includes a J-shaped profile.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the seal is coupled to the first end of the carrier via a weld.
12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the seal and the carrier provide a pressure-assisted seal.
13. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second end of the carrier includes a first face and a second face opposite the first face, the first face to engage a surface of the retainer and the second face to engage a surface of the valve body when the second end of the carrier is clamped between the retainer and the valve body.
14. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the carrier is shaped to bias to the seal.
15. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the carrier suspends the seal within the fluid flow passageway of the fluid valve.
16. An apparatus comprising:
- a flow control member positioned between an inlet and an outlet of a fluid flow passageway of a fluid valve;
- a retainer removably coupled to a valve body of the fluid valve; and
- a seal assembly positioned within the fluid flow passageway, the seal assembly including: a seal having an annular ring composed of a first material and an outer sheath composed of a second material different than the first material; and a carrier coupled to the seal, the carrier having a first portion to support the seal and a second portion to be clamped between the retainer and the valve body to suspend the seal in the fluid flow passageway adjacent a sealing surface of the flow control member.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the outer sheath is relatively thin compared to the annular ring to enable the annular ring to resiliently deform to cause the outer sheath to seal against the sealing surface of the flow control member to provide a shut-off that is substantially equivalent to a shut-off capability provided by the annular ring if the outer sheath was not coupled to the annular ring.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first portion of the carrier is to deflect relative to the second portion to enable the seal to compress or deflect when the sealing surface of the flow control member sealingly engages the seal.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the carrier is to bias the seal toward a center of the fluid flow passageway.
20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the carrier is to urge the seal against the sealing surface of the flow control member when the flow control member engages the seal.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 26, 2016
Publication Date: Aug 18, 2016
Inventor: David John Koester (Marshalltown, IA)
Application Number: 15/138,861