IN-SITU LOADED STAPLER
In one aspect of the present disclosure a surgical stapling apparatus is disclosed including a cartridge assembly. The cartridge assembly includes at least one cartridge having a first half and a second half, a first row of retention slots disposed in the first half, a second row of retention slots disposed in the second half, a third row of retention slots being alternately disposed in the first half and the second half of the at least one cartridge between the first and second rows of staple receiving slots, a plurality of fasteners disposed in the retention slots of the first, second and third rows, and a plurality of pushers disposed in each of the first and second halves of the cartridge.
The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/652,569, filed Oct. 16, 2012, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND1. Technical Field
This application relates to a surgical stapling apparatus, and more particularly, to a cartridge assembly including multiple cartridge halves and a magazine for reloading the surgical stapling apparatus in-situ.
2. Background of Related Art
Surgical devices wherein tissue is first grasped or clamped between opposing jaw structure and then joined by surgical fasteners are well known in the art. In some instruments a knife is provided to cut the tissue which has been joined by the fasteners. The fasteners are typically in the form of surgical staples but two part polymeric fasteners can also be utilized.
Instruments for this purpose can include two elongated members which are respectively used to capture or clamp tissue. Typically, one of the members carries a staple cartridge which houses a plurality of staples arranged in at least two lateral rows while the other member has an anvil that defines a surface for forming the staple legs as the staples are driven from the staple cartridge. Generally, the stapling operation is effected by a cam bar, a drive sled or other similar mechanism, that travels longitudinally through the staple cartridge and acts upon the staple pushers to sequentially eject the staples from the staple cartridge. A knife can travel between the staple rows to longitudinally cut and/or open the stapled tissue between the rows of staples. Some staplers apply a double row of staples on each side of the incision by providing a disposable loading unit in which a cam member moves through an elongate guide path between two sets of staggered staple carrying grooves. Staple drive members are located within the grooves and are positioned in such a manner so as to be contacted by the longitudinally moving cam member to effect ejection of the staples from the staple cartridge of the disposable loading unit.
In endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures, surgery is performed through a small incision or through a narrow cannula inserted through small entrance wounds in the skin. In order to address the specific needs of endoscopic and/or laparoscopic surgical procedures, endoscopic surgical stapling devices have been developed. An example of an endoscopic surgical stapling device is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,070,033 to Milliman et al., the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
It would be extremely beneficial to provide a surgical device for use during laparoscopic and/or endoscopic surgical procedures that can be employed to provide multiple firings of the surgical device without requiring removal of the surgical device from the surgical site.
SUMMARYIn accordance with the present disclosure, a surgical stapling apparatus for sequentially applying a plurality of fasteners to body tissue and simultaneously incising tissue is provided. The surgical stapling apparatus is configured to receive a disposable loading unit including a plurality of retention slots disposed in a plurality of rows for receiving a plurality of staples therein. Each retention slot includes a staple magazine operatively associated therewith for supplying staples for subsequent firing.
In one aspect of the present disclosure a surgical stapling apparatus is disclosed including a handle assembly, an elongated body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis, and a disposable loading unit supported at the distal end of the elongated body. The disposable loading unit includes an anvil assembly and a cartridge assembly. The cartridge assembly includes at least one cartridge having a first half and a second half, a first row of retention slots disposed in the first half of the at least one cartridge, a second row of retention slots disposed in the second half of the at least one cartridge, a third row of retention slots being alternately disposed in the first half and the second half of the at least one cartridge between the first and second rows of staple receiving slots, a plurality of fasteners disposed in the retention slots of the first, second and third rows, and a plurality of pushers disposed in each of the first and second halves of the cartridge. Each pusher is disposed in operative association with at least one of the retention slots of the cartridge assembly and is configured to eject a respective fastener from the at least one retention slot during firing of the surgical stapling apparatus.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the at least one cartridge is a pair of cartridges configured to couple together at a distal end portion thereof and defining a longitudinal slot therebetween when coupled together.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the longitudinal slot is configured to facilitate passage of a knife blade therethrough.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the first and second halves of the at least one cartridge include corresponding flanges and channels. The channels of the first and second halves are configured to receive corresponding flanges of the first and second halves, respectively, when the first and second halves are coupled together.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the flanges of the first and second halves include the retention slots of the second row therein.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the cartridge assembly further includes a cartridge support channel configured to receive the first and second halves of the at least one cartridge therein to maintain the first and second halves in engagement with one another.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each retention slot of the at least one cartridge includes a staple magazine disposed in operative association therewith and including a plurality of fasteners therein. The staple magazine is configured to supply one of the plurality of fasteners of the staple magazine to the corresponding retention slot after a firing of the surgical stapling device.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of fasteners disposed in the retention slots and staple magazines of the first row have a first size, the plurality of fasteners disposed in the retention slots and staple magazines of the second row have a second size, and the plurality of fasteners disposed in the retention slots and staple magazines of the third row have a third size. In an aspect of the present disclosure the first, second and third sizes are substantially the same. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first size is greater than the second and third sizes and the third size is greater than the second size. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first size is greater than the second and third sizes and the second and third sizes are the same. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first and second sizes are the same and the third size is smaller than the first and second sizes.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the first half defines a first tissue contacting surface, the second half defines a second tissue contacting surface, and the first and second halves, when coupled together, define a third tissue contacting surface. In an aspect of the present disclosure, it is contemplated that a height of each of the first and second tissue contacting surfaces is substantially the same, that a height of the first and third tissue contacting surfaces is substantially the same, that a height of the second and third tissue contacting surfaces is substantially the same or that a height of each of the first, second and third tissue contacting surfaces is substantially the same. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the height of the first tissue contacting surface is greater than one or both of the heights of the second and third tissue contacting surfaces. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the height of the second tissue contacting surface is greater than one or both of the heights of the first and third tissue contacting surfaces. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the height of the third tissue contacting surface is greater than one or both of the heights of the first and second tissue contacting surfaces.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the staple magazine includes a biasing member configured to bias the plurality of fasteners disposed in the staple magazine toward the corresponding retention slot. In an aspect of the present disclosure, the biasing member is a leaf spring.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of pushers includes at least one pusher plate disposed within at least one of the retention slots of the first, second and third rows. The at least one pusher plate is configured to translate through the respective retention slot to eject the respective fastener disposed therein.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of pushers is configured to cover an opening disposed between a respective retention slot and the corresponding staple magazine when translating through the respective retention slot to a fired position to eject the respective fastener disposed therein, and to uncover the opening disposed between the respective retention slot and the corresponding staple magazine when translating back to a pre-fired position after the respective fastener has been ejected from the respective retention slot, thereby allowing the corresponding staple magazine to re-supply the respective retention slot with one of the plurality of fasteners disposed in the corresponding staple magazine.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the surgical stapling apparatus includes a firing cam assembly that is translatably disposed within the disposable loading unit. The firing cam assembly includes a plurality of drive bars. Each drive bar includes a firing cam disposed at a distal end thereof and is configured to translate through one of the first and second halves of the at least one cartridge to engage and drive each pusher to eject the fastener from the corresponding retention slot during firing of the surgical stapling apparatus.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each of the first and second halves of the at least one cartridge includes a longitudinal slot extending therethrough configured for the reception of one of the plurality of drive bars therethrough.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each firing cam includes a camming slot configured to receive the plurality of pushers therein during a distal translation of the firing cam assembly to translate the plurality of pushers between a pre-fired position and a fired position.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each pusher includes a proximal camming surface and each camming slot of each firing cam includes a firing cam surface. The firing cam surface is configured to engage the proximal camming surface of the pusher during distal translation of the respective drive bar to translate the pusher to the fired position and cause the pusher to eject the respective fastener from the at least one retention slot.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each pusher includes a distal camming surface and each camming slot includes a retracting cam surface. The retracting cam surface is configured to engage the distal camming surface of the pusher during proximal translation of the respective drive bar to cause the pusher to return to the pre-fired position.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, each camming slot includes a proximal portion proximal of the firing cam surface that is configured to maintain each pusher disposed therein in the fired position.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, a surgical stapling apparatus is disclosed including a handle assembly, an elongated body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis, and a disposable loading unit supported at the distal end of the elongated body. The disposable loading unit includes an anvil assembly and a cartridge assembly. The cartridge assembly includes a plurality of retention slots disposed in a plurality of rows, each retention slot including a fastener disposed therein, and a staple magazine disposed in operative association with each retention slot. The staple magazine includes a plurality of fasteners and a biasing member disposed therein. The biasing member is configured to bias the plurality of fasteners towards the corresponding retention slot. The staple magazine is configured to reload the corresponding retention slot with one of the plurality of fasteners after a firing of the surgical stapling apparatus.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of rows of retention slots include at least a first row of retention slots and a second row of retention slots. In an aspect of the present disclosure, the fasteners disposed in the first row of retention slots have a first size and the fasteners disposed in the second row of retention slots having a second size. In an aspect of the present disclosure, the first size is substantially equal to the second size. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the first size is greater than the second size. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the second size is greater than the first size.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the plurality of fasteners of each staple magazine corresponding to the retention slots of the first row have the first size and the plurality of fasteners of each staple magazine corresponding to the retention slots of the second row have the second size.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, a cartridge assembly for use with a disposable loading unit of a surgical stapling apparatus is disclosed including a first cartridge and a second cartridge coupled to the first cartridge. Each of the first and second cartridges includes a first cartridge half and a second cartridge half and each cartridge half includes a longitudinal slot extending therethrough and a plurality of retention slots disposed therein. Each retention slot includes a fastener disposed therein and each cartridge half further includes a plurality of pushers disposed therein in operative communication with the longitudinal slot and the plurality of retention slots. The cartridge assembly further includes a plurality of drive bars configured for translation through the cartridge assembly. Each drive bar is configured to translate through the longitudinal slot of one of the cartridge halves, whereby upon distal translation of one of the plurality of drive bars through the longitudinal slot of one of the cartridges halves, the one of the plurality of drive bars individually engages each pusher of the respective cartridge half to drive each pusher to sequentially eject the fastener from the associated retention slot.
Any of the above aspects of the present disclosure described may be combined with any other aspect of the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with a general description of the disclosure given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure, wherein:
Embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical stapling apparatus will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings wherein like numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. As is common in the art, the term “proximal” refers to that part or component closer to the user or operator, i.e. surgeon or physician, while the term “distal” refers to that part or component farther away from the user.
Handle assembly 12 includes a stationary handle member 24, a movable handle member 26, and a barrel portion 28. Movable handle member 26 is operably coupled to loading unit 16 such that upon actuation of movable handle member 26, e.g., relative to stationary handle member 24, loading unit 16 is also actuated to grasp tissue and/or to fire and form fasteners through the grasped tissue.
A rotatable member 30 is preferably mounted on the forward end of barrel portion 28 to facilitate rotation of elongated body 14 with respect to handle assembly 12. For example, upon actuation, e.g. rotation, of rotatable member 30, elongated body 14 and loading unit 16 are also rotated. Rotatable member 30 may be rotated, for example, up to 180° in each direction.
Referring now to
An articulation lever 32 is also preferably mounted on the forward end of barrel portion 28 adjacent rotatable member 30 to facilitate articulation of tool assembly 18. For example, upon actuation of articulation lever 32 in a first direction, tool assembly 18 may also articulate in the first direction, and upon actuation of articulation lever 32 in a second direction, tool assembly 18 may also articulate in the second direction. It is also contemplated that tool assembly 18 may articulate in a direction opposite to the direction that articulation lever 32 is actuated.
A retraction member 34 is movably positioned along barrel portion 28 and operatively associated with tool assembly 18. Retraction member 34 is actuatable to return surgical stapling apparatus 10 to a retracted, or pre-fired, position. During operation, as movable handle member 26 is actuated to fire the surgical stapling device, retraction member 32 is translated distally. The position of retraction member 34 is maintained in place by a locking mechanism (not shown). A release button 35 is provided for temporarily deactivating this locking mechanism. Upon actuation of release button 35, retraction member 34 is no longer locked in place.
Referring to
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Outer half 228 includes a first row 234 of retention slots 230 and at least a portion 236a of a second row 236 of retention slots 230. Inner half 226 includes a third row 238 and at least a remaining portion 236b of the second row 236 of retention slots 230. When outer half 228 and inner half 226 are coupled together, the second row 236 of retention slots 230 is defined by the combination of portions 236a and 236b. For example, portions 236a and 236b may alternately define retention slots 230 of second row 236 as illustrated in
Each of inner half 226 and outer half 228 includes a plurality of flanges 240 and a plurality of channels 242. Channels 242 are configured to receive flanges 240 during coupling of inner half 226 to outer half 228 such that the channels 242 of each of inner and outer halves 226, 228 match up with the flanges 240 of the other of inner and outer halves 226, 228 when the inner and outer halves 226, 228 are joined together. Channels 242 and flanges 240 may alternate along the length of each of inner half 226 and outer half 228, as illustrated in
Referring now to
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Inner tissue contacting surface 104c has the greatest height, outer tissue contacting surface 104a has the least height, and intermediate tissue contacting surface 104b has a height between the heights of outer and inner tissue contacting surfaces 104a, 104c (see
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With reference now to
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Each magazine 244 includes at least one channel 244a for receiving at least a portion of biasing member 246 therethrough where biasing member 246 is configured to extend from the at least one channel 244a into at least one of vertical segments 248a and 248b adjacent the plurality of fasteners 110 disposed in magazine 244 to engage the plurality of fasteners 110 and urge the plurality of fasteners 110 towards the respective retention slot 230. It is contemplated that a separate biasing member 246 may extend into each vertical segment 248a and 248b. In an embodiment, biasing member 246 includes a pair of legs 246b, 246c, and a backspan 246d where the pair of legs 246b, 246c extends into vertical segments 248a, 248b, respectively when biasing member 246 is inserted into channel 244a of magazine 244.
With reference now to
Biasing member 246 may be any suitable mechanism for biasing the plurality of fasteners 110 disposed in magazine 244 toward retention slot 230, as described above, including, for example, springs, resilient members, or other similar biasing elements. In one embodiment, biasing member 246 is a leaf spring 246a having a substantially “U” shape. It is contemplated that biasing member 246 may have other shapes suitable for use in biasing fasteners 110 disposed in magazine 244 toward retention slot 230.
With reference now to
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
Each pusher 108 may be operatively associated with one or more retention slots 230 such that upon actuation thereof, pusher 108 may fire one or more fasteners 110 out of retention slots 230 through openings 230a. For example, as illustrated in
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Once the pusher base 108d reaches the fired position at a top portion 314a of firing cam surface 314, drive bar 302 and firing cam 304 are further translated distally such that pusher base 108d slides along camming slot 310 towards proximal portion 310a. Proximal portion 310a of camming slot 310 is dimensioned such that as drive bar 302 and firing cam 304 continue to translate distally, pusher base 108d remains in the fired position. This allows the corresponding pusher plate 108c to remain in a position which at least partially blocks or covers the opening 232 of retention slot 230 (
During retraction of firing cam assembly 300 after the firing stroke, the distal cam surfaces 108f of pushers 108 are engaged by retracting cam surface 316 as drive bar 302 and firing cam 304 are translated proximally and are driven along retracting cam surface 316 toward opening 312 of camming slot 310 to return the pusher 108 from the fired position to the pre-fired position. As each pusher 108 slides along retracting cam surface 316 of firing cam 304 toward the pre-fired condition, the corresponding pusher plate 108c translates toward a base of the corresponding retention slot 230 and opens up or uncovers the opening 232 of the corresponding retention slot 230 to the corresponding magazine 244. Once opening 232 is uncovered, retention slot 230 receives the next fastener 110 from the magazine 244 due to the biasing force of biasing member 246. Once firing cam assembly 300 is fully retracted and each retention slot 230 has been loaded with a new fastener 110 from a corresponding magazine 244, surgical stapling apparatus 10 is ready to perform an additional firing stroke.
Referring now to
Once the components of each half 226, 228 of each cartridge 206, 208 have been assembled, inner and outer halves 226, 228 of each cartridge 206, 208 are joined or coupled together with the flanges 240 and channels 242 of each half 226, 228 interlocking. The assembled inner and outer halves 226, 228 are then inserted into the cartridge support channel 254 which maintains inner and outer halves 226 and 228 in engagement with one another.
Referring now to
The operation of surgical stapling device 10 during a surgical procedure will now be discussed with reference to
As firing cam assembly 300 translates through cartridge assembly 20, each pair of drive bars 302a-302d and attached pairs of firing cams 304a-304d translate through respective longitudinal slots 250 of one of inner and outer halves 226, 228, of cartridges 206, 208. During distal translation of firing cams 304a-304d, each firing cam 304 individually engages each pusher 108 of each cartridge 206, 208 and sequentially drives each pusher 108 towards the tissue engaging surface 104 and thereby eject fasteners 110 from the retention slots 230 disposed in cartridges 206, 208.
As discussed above, with reference to
Once the firing stroke is complete, with firing cam assembly 300 disposed in a distal most position, the surgeon withdraws retraction member 34 proximally to translate firing cam assembly 300 proximally. As firing cam assembly 300 translates proximally through cartridge assembly 20, firing cams 304 are translated proximally through longitudinal slots 250 such that the distal cam surface 108f of each pusher base 108d engages the retracting cam surface 316 to drive the pusher base 108d down toward opening 312 and the pre-fired position. As each pusher base 108d is driven toward opening 312, each pusher is translated away from tissue contacting surface 104 and each pusher plate 108c is translated away from tissue contacting surface 104 toward the pre-firing position within a corresponding retention slot 230. As each pusher plate 108c is withdrawn to the pre-firing position, the opening 232 between the retention slot 230 and the corresponding magazine 244 is opened or uncovered to allow the next fastener 110 to be received within the retention slot 230 due to the biasing force “F” of the corresponding biasing member 246. Once firing cam assembly 300 is fully translated proximally to a pre-firing position, each retention slot 230 has been reloaded and surgical stapling apparatus 10 is ready for a second firing stroke. In this manner, each retention slot 230 is reloaded in-situ and ready for subsequent use without requiring the surgeon to withdraw the loading unit 16 from the surgical site or replace the loading unit.
It is contemplated that each loading unit 16 may be configured for multiple firing strokes.
In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the drive bars 302 can be configured as more than one bar partially attached to each other. As shown in
It is contemplated that individual features of the above described embodiments may be combined without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above description, disclosure, and figures should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. It is to be understood, therefore, that the disclosure is not limited to the precise embodiments described herein, and that various other changes and modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. A staple cartridge assembly comprising:
- a first staple cartridge including: a first cartridge portion including a first row of retention slots and a first tissue contacting surface; a second cartridge portion including a second row of retention slots and a second tissue contacting surface, the second cartridge portion releasably attachable to the first cartridge portion; and a third row of retention slots being alternately disposed in the first cartridge portion and the second cartridge portion of the first staple cartridge, the third row of retention slots disposed between the first and second rows of retention slots and defining a third tissue contacting surface, wherein at least two of the first, second, and third tissue contacting surfaces exist in different planes.
3. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 2, wherein each of the first, second, and third tissue contacting surfaces exist in different planes.
4. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 2, wherein the first staple cartridge further includes:
- a plurality of fasteners disposed in the retention slots of the first, second, and third rows of retention slots.
5. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 4, wherein the first staple cartridge further includes:
- a plurality of pushers disposed in each of the first and second cartridge portions, each pusher of the plurality of pushers being disposed in operative association with at least one of the retention slots of the first staple cartridge and being configured to eject a respective fastener from at least one retention slot of the first, second, or third rows of retention slots.
6. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 2, further comprising a second staple cartridge configured to couple to the first staple cartridge at a distal end portion thereof.
7. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 6, wherein the second staple cartridge includes:
- a third cartridge portion including a fourth row of retention slots and a fourth tissue contacting surface;
- a fourth cartridge portion including a fifth row of retention slots and a fifth tissue contacting surface, the fourth cartridge portion releasably attachable to the third cartridge portion; and
- a sixth row of retention slots being alternately disposed in the third cartridge portion and the fourth cartridge portion of the second staple cartridge, the sixth row of retention slots disposed between the fourth and fifth rows of retention slots and defining a sixth tissue contacting surface,
- wherein at least two of the fourth, fifth, and sixth tissue contacting surfaces exist in different planes.
8. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 7, wherein the first and second staple cartridges define a longitudinal slot therebetween.
9. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 8, wherein the longitudinal slot is configured to facilitate passage of a knife blade therethrough.
10. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 2, further including a cartridge support channel configured to receive the first and second cartridge portions of the first staple cartridge therein and maintain engagement therebetween.
11. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 2, further including a staple magazine disposed in operative association with each retention slot of the first staple cartridge, each staple magazine including a plurality of fasteners therein and configured to supply a fastener of the plurality of fasteners to the corresponding retention slot.
12. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 11, wherein the plurality of fasteners associated with the first row of retention slots has a first size, the plurality of fasteners associated with the second row of retention slots has a second size, and the plurality of fasteners associated with the third row of retention slots has a third size, the first, second, and third sizes being different.
13. The staple cartridge assembly of claim 12, wherein the first size is greater than the third size and the third size is greater than the second size.
14. A method of assembling an end effector, comprising:
- forming a first staple cartridge by coupling a first cartridge portion to a second cartridge portion, the first staple cartridge includes a first row of retention slots disposed in the first cartridge portion, a second row of retention slots disposed in the second cartridge portion, and a third row of retention slots being alternately disposed in the first cartridge portion and the second cartridge portion, the third row of retention slots disposed between the first and second rows of retention slots;
- forming a second staple cartridge by coupling a third cartridge portion to a fourth cartridge portion, the second staple cartridge includes a fourth row of retention slots disposed in the third cartridge portion, a fifth row of retention slots disposed in the fourth cartridge portion, and a sixth row of retention slots being alternately disposed in the third cartridge portion and the fourth cartridge portion, the sixth row of retention slots disposed between the fourth and fifth rows of retention slots; and
- coupling the first staple cartridge and the second staple cartridge such that the first and second staple cartridges are configured for insertion into an elongated support channel.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein coupling the first and second cartridge portions further includes coupling flanges and channels defined on the first cartridge portions with corresponding flanges and channels defined on the second cartridge portion, the channels of the first and second cartridge portions being configured to receive the corresponding flanges of the first and second cartridge portions, respectively.
16. The method of claim 14, further including inserting the first staple cartridge into a first cartridge support channel such that engagement between the first and second cartridge portions is maintained.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein coupling the first and second staple cartridges further includes coupling a distal portion of each respective first and second staple cartridge.
18. The method of claim 14, further including inserting first and second staple cartridges into an elongated support channel.
Type: Application
Filed: May 17, 2016
Publication Date: Sep 8, 2016
Inventors: Stanislaw Kostrzewski (Newtown, CT), Ernest Aranyi (Easton, CT), Paul Scirica (Huntington, CT)
Application Number: 15/156,761