HEATING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF OPERATING A HEATING APPARATUS
A heating apparatus for generating a hot air flow comprises a single fan, a burner heating element and a resistance heating element. In this respect, an air passage that conducts air to be heated and a combustion air passage that leads to a burner adjoin the fan downstream, wherein a combustion air flow in the combustion air passage can be controlled by a control element associated with the combustion air passage.
The invention relates to a heating apparatus for producing a flow of hot air, in particular for a camper.
The invention additionally relates to a method of operating a heating apparatus for producing a flow of hot air, in particular for a camper.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONHeating apparatus for producing flows of hot air for campers are known in the prior art. Campers are understood in this context as mobile homes, trailers, tents, portable cabins, etc. Heating apparatus for producing flows of hot air are furthermore generally used in motor vehicles to heat their passenger compartments. The heating apparatus are mostly designed as so-called independent vehicle heaters in this application case, i.e. the heating apparatus can be used independently of the operation of the propulsion engine of the vehicle.
Heating apparatuses for producing a flow of hot air can heat an air flow to be heated, for example, via a burner operated by diesel, gasoline or gas and/or via an electrical energy source.
So-called combination heating apparatuses are in this respect in particular known that comprise a burner and a resistance heating element, e.g. an electric heating element. Such heating apparatuses have three general modes of operation. First, they can be used in pure burner operation in which only the burner is used as the heat source. Alternatively, only the electric heating element is used as the heat source in pure electric operation. Furthermore, both the burner and the electric heating element are used as the heat source in so-called mixed operation. An operating state of the vehicle or of the camper and/or a degree of filling of the associated energy store, e.g. a battery, a diesel tank, gasoline tank or gas tank, may be the decisive factor for the selection of the energy source and thus of the operating state.
If such a heating apparatus is used in mixed operation, a combustion air flow that in particular supplies the oxygen required for the combustion to the burner has to be provided, on the one hand, and an air flow of air to be heated, also called a useful air flow, has to be provided, on the other hand. The useful air flow becomes the hot air flow by heating. As a rule, fans are used for the provision of the air flows that comprise one or more fan wheels and one or more fan wheel drives.
In mixed operation, different heating powers should be provided in dependence on requirements in the form of hot air flows that differ with respect to the hot air temperature and/or with respect to the air volume flow. Heating apparatuses are known from the prior art for this purpose in which a fan provides the combustion air flow and a fan driven independently thereof generates the useful air flow. Two fans are consequently necessary that have drives that are independent of one another. Such heating apparatus can always provide the required combustion air flows and useful air flows, but require a comparatively large construction space and are complex in their structures.
Against this background, heating apparatuses are also known from the prior art in which a fan is provided having one fan wheel to produce the combustion air flow and having one fan wheel to produce the useful air flow. The two fan wheels are fastened to a common drive shaft here so that only a single drive is required. Construction space can thereby be saved. However, the two fan wheels can then not be operated independently of one another. This means that the combustion air flow and the useful air flow are coupled to one another.
It can consequently occur during mixed operation that either too large a combustion air flow or too small a combustion air flow is supplied to the burner. This can have the result that no optimum ratio of fuel and combustion air can be set at the burner. As a consequence, the burner will emit an increased quantity of pollutants. If much too large a combustion air flow is supplied to the burner, combustion may also no longer be possible.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a heating apparatus for producing a hot air flow in which a suitable combustion air flow can always be provided to the burner in mixed operation. At the same time, the heating apparatus should take up as little construction space as possible and should be of a simple design.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe object is achieved by a heating apparatus of the initially named kind having a single fan, a burner heating element, and a resistance heating element, wherein an air passage that conducts air to be heated and a combustion air passage that leads to a burner adjoin the fan downstream, wherein a combustion air flow in the combustion air passage can be controlled by a control element associated with the combustion air passage. A burner heating element is understood in this context as a heating element that receives the required heat energy from a burner. The resistance heating element is preferably an electric heating element. The combustion air flow is furthermore to be understood as that air flow that is required for the combustion taking place in the burner. The air to be heated, that is also called the useful air flow, is heated by the burner heating element and by the resistance heating element and then represents the hot air flow. The control element is adjustable continuously or in steps, with the steps being able to correspond to settings of a heating program of the heating apparatus. The combustion air flow can be set via the control element such that a clean combustion, i.e. a low-pollutant and efficient combustion, i.e. one that uses the energy content of the fuel as completely as possible, takes place at the burner. The useful air flow can be set independently thereof. Since only a single fan is present that can e.g. be electrically operated only a small construction space is required.
In an embodiment, the control element is arranged in the combustion air passage. Exactly that combustion air flow can thus be supplied to the burner that is required for clean and efficient combustion.
The setting of the combustion air flow by the control element preferably takes place by a complete or partial closing of the combustion air passage.
A further embodiment provides that a backflow line connects the combustion air passage and an inlet of the fan flow-wise. The combustion air flow that is provided at the burner is consequently set in that a controllable excess portion thereof is conducted back to the inlet of the fan. Only the required combustion air flow therefore also arrives at the burner.
The control element can be arranged in the backflow line or also in the combustion air passage. An adjustment spread of the combustion air flow can be determined by the dimensioning of the control element and of the backflow line, in particular of the cross-section of the backflow line. The arrangement of the control element in the backflow line additionally makes it possible to arrange the control element flexibly with respect to the other components of the heating apparatus so that it is possible to react to possible restrictions of the construction space.
In a design alternative, the setting of the combustion air flow by the control element takes place by a complete or partial channeling away of the combustion air flow to an inlet of the fan.
The control element advantageously allows a flow of from the combustion air passage to the inlet and blocks a flow from the inlet to the combustion air passage. The control element is therefore configured as a check valve.
In a design variant, the heating apparatus comprises a sensor for detecting the combustion quality at the burner, with the sensor being coupled to the control element. This sensor can detect a parameter by means of which a conclusion can indirectly be drawn on the quality of the combustion, for example a temperature, a pressure or an ionization signal. The sensor can alternatively also detect a parameter with which the quality of the combustion can be directly determined. The sensor can, for example, detect the oxygen content or other properties of the air in the combustion air flow. Alternatively, the sensor can be designed as a so-called airflow sensor or as a lambda probe, i.e. the sensor compares the residual oxygen content after the combustion with the oxygen content of the environmental air. The control element is set on the basis of the sensor values such that the combustion air flow required at the burner is provided as exactly as possible. A particularly clean and efficient combustion is thus achieved.
The combustion air flow can be set in dependence on the combustion quality at the burner.
The fan can comprise a single fan wheel that feeds the air passage and the combustion air passage. The fan wheel therefore generates the air flow to be heated, also called the useful air flow, and the combustion air flow. A very compact construction of the heating apparatus is thus possible. The design of the heating apparatus is thus furthermore very simple.
Alternatively, the fan can comprise a useful air fan wheel that feeds the air passage and a combustion air fan wheel that feeds the combustion air passage. The useful air fan wheel therefore only generates the air flow that becomes the hot air flow by heating. The combustion air fan wheel only generates the combustion air flow. Two fan wheels are therefore present that taken on their own are each smaller in comparison with the embodiment with only one fan wheel.
In a preferred embodiment, the combustion air flow is provided by a combustion air fan wheel and the useful air flow is provided by a useful air fan wheel.
In this respect, the useful air fan wheel and the combustion air fan wheel are preferably rotatably supported, with a rotational movement of the useful air fan wheel being coupled with a rotational movement of the combustion air fan wheel. The fan wheels can in this respect be designed in different sizes and configurations. The coupling preferably takes place via a transmission. Alternatively, the fan wheels can be arranged on the same shaft. Due to the coupling of the fan wheels, only one fan wheel drive is required so that only a small construction space is taken up.
Provision is made in accordance with a preferred embodiment that the control element is a valve flap or a throttle plate. The available flow cross-section and thus also the volume throughput can be set in the desired manner with little effort in this manner.
It is also possible that the control element is a guide element within the fan with which an internal backflow can be released. The volume flow can already be influenced within the fan in this manner.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method with which a heating apparatus for producing a hot air flow can be operated in mixed operation such that the burner is always supplied with a suitable air flow.
The object is achieved by a method of operating a heating apparatus for producing a hot air flow, wherein the heating apparatus comprises a single fan and wherein an air passage that conducts air to be heated and a combustion air passage that leads to a burner adjoin the fan downstream. The method comprises the following steps:
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- a) providing a combustion air flow produced by the fan in the combustion air passage;
- b) providing a useful air flow produced by the fan in the air passage, with the useful air flow becoming the hot air flow by heating; and
- c) setting the combustion air flow by a control element.
The combustion air flow can thus always be set such that it exactly corresponds to the air flow required at the burner. The combustion air flow can in particular be set independently of the useful air flow.
The invention will be explained in the following with reference to different embodiments that are shown in the enclosed drawings. In the drawings,
A first embodiment of a heating apparatus 10 can be seen in
For this purpose, the heating apparatus 10 comprises an air passage 14 into which a useful air flow 16 is introduced. The latter is heated by a resistance heating element 18 and by a burner heating element 20 so that the useful air flow 16 becomes the hot air flow 12.
The resistance heating element 18 can be an electric heating element, for example.
The burner heating element 20 transmits heat energy that is produced by a burner 22 to the useful air flow 16.
So that combustion can take place at the burner 22, a combustion air flow 26 is supplied to the latter via a combustion air passage 24.
In the embodiment shown, both the useful air flow 16 and the combustion air flow 26 are generated by a single fan 28 having a single fan wheel 30. The two air flows are nevertheless conducted separately, as is symbolized by the continuous dividing wall 31.
The combustion air flow 26 can be set by a control element 32. In the embodiment shown, the control element 32 is arranged in the combustion air passage 24 and can block it completely or partially. The control element 32 is designed as a valve element or as a throttle plate here. An actuator 33 is provided for the adjustment.
Alternatively to the shown arrangement of the control element 32, it can also be arranged upstream of the fan wheel 30.
A sensor 34 that can detect the combustion quality at the burner 22 is additionally provided at the burner 22. The sensor 34 is coupled to the control element 32.
The function of the heating apparatus 10 will be described in the following with reference to so-called mixed operation in which the useful air flow 16 is heated both via the resistance heating element 18 and via the burner heating element 20 and thus becomes the hot air flow 12.
Let a total heating power of 4 kW be required in a first application case of which 2 kW are provided by the resistance heating element and 2 kW are provided by the burner heating element 20.
The fan wheel 30 is now set so that it provides both the useful air flow 16 that corresponds to a total heating power of 4 kW and at least the combustion air flow 26 that is required for a burner power of 2 kW.
However, a ratio of the useful air flow 16 to the combustion air flow 26 is predefined by the construction design of the air passage 14 and of the combustion air passage 24. The ratio of the line cross-sectional areas of the air passage 14 and of the combustion air passage 24 can be the decisive criterion for this.
It can therefore be the case that the fan wheel 30 feeds too much air into the combustion air passage 24.
This is, however, prevented by the control element 32 that is set such that exactly that quantity of air corresponding to the burner power of 2 kW is supplied to the burner 22 via the combustion air flow 26.
During operation, the sensor 34 detects the combustion quality at the burner 22 and has the effect via the coupling with the control element 32 that the combustion air flow 26 supplied to the burner 22 is readjusted in the case of an insufficient combustion quality. This takes place by a readjustment of the control element 32.
Let 4 kW total power again be required in a second application case. In this case, however, 3 kW of the total heating power should be supplied via the resistance heating element 18 and 1 kW of the total heating power should be supplied via the burner heating element 20.
In comparison with the first application case, it now becomes clear that a smaller combustion air flow is required despite an unchanging total heating power of 4 kW that is associated with an unchanging useful air flow 16.
The control element 32 is therefore set such that the combustion air flow 26 corresponds to a burner power of 1 kW. The position of the control element 32 can again be readjusted by a detection of the combustion quality with the aid of the sensor 34.
The sensor does not necessarily have to be arranged downstream of the burner. It can also be arranged upstream of the burner depending on the parameters that it detects.
A second embodiment of the heating apparatus 10 is shown in
To prevent air from flowing from the inlet 38 via the backflow line 36 into the combustion air passage 24, the control element 32 and comprise a check valve 40.
The air flow fed into the combustion air passage 24 by the fan wheel 30 is thus divided into the combustion air flow 26 provided at the burner 22 and a return air flow 42.
The return air flow 42 is adjustable via the control element 32.
Provision can alternatively also be made that the control element 32, that is here likewise designed as a valve element or as a throttle plate, is arranged in the combustion air passage 24 and controls the volume flow by the stagnation pressure produced there.
If now a total heating power of 4 kW is again required, of which a respective 2 kW should be provided by the resistance heating element 18 and by the burner heating element 20, the fan wheel 30 is set such that it provides the useful air flow corresponding to 4 kW total heating power and at least the combustion air flow 26 corresponding to 1 kW burner power.
As described in the first embodiment, the ratio of the air flow fed into the combustion air passage 24 and of the air flow fed into the air passage 14 is fixed construction-wise.
The fan wheel 30 may therefore feed too much air into the combustion air passage 24.
The excess air quantity in the combustion air passage 24 can therefore be conducted back to the inlet 38 of the fan 28 via the backflow line 36 as a return air flow 42. In this respect, the amount of the return air flow 42 is set by the control element 32.
The air flow conveyed by the fan wheel 30 into the combustion air passage 24 less the return air flow 42 conducted back via the backflow line 36 therefore arrives at the burner 22.
The combustion quality is again detected by the sensor 34 and the sensor value is used to set the control element 32.
In the event that a total heating power of 4 kW is to be implemented in that 3 kW are provided via the resistance heating element 18 and 1 kW via the burner heating element 20, only a smaller combustion air flow 26 is required at the burner 22.
The combustion air flow 26 is then set by conducting back of a correspondingly larger return air flow 42 through the backflow line 36. The control element 32 is adjusted accordingly for this purpose.
A third embodiment of the heating apparatus 10 is shown in
In this respect, the useful air fan wheel 50 generates the useful air flow 16 and the combustion air fan wheel 52 generates the combustion air flow 26.
In the embodiment shown, the useful air fan wheel 50 and the combustion air fan wheel 52 are rotatably supported. The rotational movement of the two fan wheels is coupled in that they are arranged on a common shaft 54.
The control element 32 is arranged analogously to the second embodiment (see
Alternatively, analogously to the first embodiment, the control element 32 can also be directly arranged in the combustion air passage 24. Such a variant is not shown.
The function of the heating apparatus in accordance with the third embodiment is as in the second embodiment. However, here the ratio of the air flows fed into the air passage 14 and into the combustion air passage 24 is fixed by the design of the useful air fan wheel 50 and of the combustion air fan wheel 52.
It is also conceivable in this embodiment to arrange the control element 32 outside the backflow line 36.
A fourth embodiment can be seen in
The rotational movements of the useful air fan wheel 50 and of the combustion air fan wheel are coupled here via a transmission 56 so that only one drive 58 is required for both fan wheels.
The amount of the return air flow 42 is again set via the control element 32 so that a suitable combustion air flow 26 is always available at the burner 22.
The function of the heating apparatus 10 in accordance with the fourth embodiment is analogous to the third embodiment in
Claims
1. A heating apparatus for producing a hot air flow, in particular for a camper, having a single fan; a burner heating element; and a resistance heating element, wherein an air passage that conducts air to be heated and a combustion air passage that leads to a burner adjoin the fan downstream; and wherein a combustion air flow in the combustion air passage can be controlled by a control element associated with the combustion air passage.
2. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the control element is arranged in the combustion air passage.
3. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein a backflow line connects the combustion air passage and an inlet of the fan flow-wise.
4. The heating apparatus of claim 3 wherein the control element is arranged in the backflow line.
5. The heating apparatus of claim 4 wherein the control element allows a flow from the combustion air passage to the inlet and blocks a flow from the inlet to the combustion air passage.
6. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein it comprises a sensor for detecting the combustion quality at the burner; and in that the sensor is coupled to the control element.
7. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fan comprises a single fan wheel that feeds the air passage and the combustion air passage.
8. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fan comprises a useful air fan wheel that feeds the air passage and a combustion air fan wheel that feeds the combustion air passage.
9. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the useful air fan wheel and the combustion air fan wheel are rotatably supported, with a rotational movement of the useful air fan wheel being coupled to a rotational movement of the combustion air fan wheel.
10. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the control element is a valve flap or a throttle plate.
11. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein the control element is a guide element within the fan with which an internal backflow can be released.
12. A method of operating a heating apparatus for producing a hot air flow, in particular for a camper, having a single fan, wherein an air passage that conducts air to be heated and a combustion air passage that leads to a burner adjoin the fan downstream, said method comprising the following steps:
- a) providing a combustion air flow produced by the fan in the combustion air passage;
- b) providing a useful air flow produced by the fan in the air passage, with the useful air flow becoming the hot air flow by heating; and
- c) setting the combustion air flow by a control element.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein step c) takes place by a complete or partial closing of the combustion air passage.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein step c) takes place by a complete or partial channeling away of the combustion air flow to an inlet of the fan.
15. The method in accordance of claim 12 wherein the combustion air flow and the useful air flow are provided by a single fan wheel.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the combustion air flow is provided by a combustion air fan wheel and the useful air flow is provided by a useful air fan wheel.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the combustion air flow is set in dependence on the combustion quality at the burner.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 12, 2017
Publication Date: Jan 18, 2018
Inventors: Uwe ARMBRUSTER (Muenchen), Johannes LAGING (Muenchen)
Application Number: 15/647,442
