BATTERY GRID LEAD SCRAP MELTING APPARATUS AND METHOD
An apparatus and process for melting and using scrap pieces of lead or lead alloy from making a web of connected grids for a lead acid battery by forming holes through a solid strip of lead or lead alloy. The scrap pieces may be compacted into briquettes which are submerged in a pool of liquid lead or lead alloy below the top surface of the pool and melt in the pool. Liquid lead from the pool may be cast into solid strips from which webs of grids are made.
The present invention relates generally to the melting and use of lead scrap and more particularly to the melting and use of lead scrap in the manufacture of grids for lead acid batteries.
BACKGROUNDThe grids of a lead acid battery are made of a lead or a lead alloy (hereinafter referred to as lead) and the commercial manufacture of lead grids, particularly for positive electrodes, produces a significant amount of solid lead scrap in the form of small pieces of lead from punching, slitting, and trimming operations which must be re-melted for reuse in making lead grids.
Grids for lead acid batteries may each have a plurality of spaced apart wire segments interconnected at nodes and a plurality of open spaces between the wire segments. The manufacture of a web of a plurality of serially connected lead grids by punching holes through a cast or cast and rolled solid strip of lead typically produces 80% or more by weight of scrap from the solid lead strips. Thus, to economically form lead grids, it is necessary to re-melt and use this scrap in forming long strips of solid lead. While these punched pieces of scrap vary in geometry, they most generally have a thickness in the range of about 0.020 to 0.045 of an inch and a width and length typically each of which does not exceed about 0.6 of an inch. Punched scrap or slugs often are generally rectangular in shape but may be square, trapezoidal, triangular, etc.
When casting solid lead strip the scrap typically is returned to a furnace which already has a pool of liquid lead therein. The scrap pieces tend to float on the surface of the liquid lead where they are quickly oxidized with a significant portion by weight becoming dross and also may have their alloy content significantly reduced. A portion of the scrap may also sink into the liquid lead to the bottom of the furnace where it often piles up into a glob or mass of small lead particles that require excessively high furnace temperatures to melt and liquefy them which also creates increased oxidation, dross, and shorter equipment life. Significant oxidation and dross produces lead scrap that cannot be reused and thus must be removed, typically manually, from the surface of the pool of lead in the furnace and smelted in a separate furnace usually with alloys being added before it can be re-used to cast a solid lead strip. Significant oxidation and dross of lead alloy scrap dramatically changes and reduces its alloy content. Excessive dross also significantly increases lead dust and vapor fumes in the air which may have a negative effect on human health and the environment.
SUMMARYIn at least some implementations, a process of liquefying a plurality of pieces of solid scrap lead may include providing a pool of liquid lead having a surface, compacting a plurality of pieces of lead scrap into a briquette, and submerging the briquette in the pool of liquid lead and completely below the surface of the pool of liquid lead. In at least some implementations the pool of liquid lead may have a temperature of at least 650° F. and desirably in the range of 750° F. to 950° F. The briquettes may have a density of at least 10.3 g/cc3, desirably at least 10.6 g/cc3 and preferably about 11.0 g/cc3 and a weight of at least 1 kg, desirably 1-2 kg and preferably 8-25 kg.
In at least some implementations, the process may include casting a solid lead strip from a pool of liquid lead, punching the solid lead strip to form a web of serially connected battery grids and a plurality of pieces of scrap lead punched from the solid strips, compacting a plurality of the pieces of scrap lead into briquettes and submerging the briquettes in the pool of liquid lead to melt the briquettes. The pool of liquid lead may be maintained at a temperature of at least 650° F. and desirably in the range of 750° F. to 950° F. The briquettes may be formed with a density of at least 10.3 g/cc3 desirably at least 10.6 g/cc3 and preferably 11.0 g/cc3 when at room temperature and may have a weight of at least 1 kg, desirably 2 kg and preferably 8 kg to 25 kg.
In at least some implementations the solid lead strip may be formed by a continuous casting machine, the web of lead grids and scrap lead pieces may be made by a progressive die punching the solid lead strip, the lead scrap pieces may be formed into briquettes by a compacting press and the briquettes submerged in a pool of liquid lead being supplied to the casting machine forming solid lead strips. In some implementations, the thickness of the solid lead strip may be decreased and its longitudinal length increased by passing it through rolling mills before forming the web of lead grids.
The following detailed description of certain embodiments and best mode will be set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
A process of making a web of serially connected battery grids may include forming holes through a solid strip of lead which produces lead scrap pieces such as slugs from die punching operations. Pieces of the lead scrap may be compacted into briquettes which will readily submerge in a pool of liquid lead completely below the surface of the pool. Liquid lead from the pool may be used to cast a solid strip of lead from which the web of grids may be made. The briquettes of scrap may have a density of at least 10.3, desirably 10.6, and preferably 11.0 grams per cubic centimeter [g/cc3] and a weight of at least 1 kilogram (kg), desirably 2 kg and preferably 8 kg to 25 kg. In mass production of battery grids the briquettes may be added to the pool of liquid lead at a rate of at least 1,900 kg, desirably 2,300 kg and preferably 3,000 kg to 4,800 kg per hour. The pool of liquid lead may be at a temperature of at least 650° F. and desirably in the range of 750° F. to 950° F. The solid strip may be cast by a continuous caster at a rate of 2,300 kg per hour and desirably 3,900 kg to 6,300 kg per hour. For automotive lead acid batteries the solid strip may be reduced to a thickness in the range of about 0.020 to 0.045 of an inch [0.50 to 1.15 centimeters (cm)] and the webs of grids formed at a rate of about 80 to 150 linear feet per minute (24 to 46 lineal meters per minute).
Referring in more detail to the drawings,
The casting line 22 may have a casting machine 30 which in use casts a longitudinally elongate continuous strip 32 of solidified solid lead. This strip is typically passed through a series of rolling mills 34 which successively reduce the thickness and increase the longitudinal extent or length of the cast strip. In each rolling mill 34, the strip may pass through the nip of a pair of co-rotating rollers to reduce the thickness of the strip. The strip 32′ emerging from the downstream rolling mill 34 may pass through an edge trim cutter and/or slitter 36 and may be wound into a coil or coils by a reeler machine 38 for subsequent further processing. If the trim cutter or slitter 36 produces long pieces of scrap they may be broken into smaller pieces of scrap by a chipper 40. Typically, the caster may produce a lead solid strip 32 with a thickness in the range of 0.18 to 0.5 of an inch (4.5 to 13.0 mm) and a width in the range of 4 to 14 inches (100 to 360 mm) at a rate in the range of 3 to 20 lineal feet (1 to 6 meters) per minute. Typically the rolling mills 34 collectively may reduce the nominal thickness of the cast strip 32 to an elongate strip 32′ of about 0.020 to 0.045 of an inch (0.5 to 1.15 mm) thick. A suitable lead solid strip casting line is disclosed in United States Published Application US-2018-0342770-A1 of the present Applicant, Wirtz Manufacturing Company of Port Huron, Mich., U.S.A., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and thus the casting line will not be described in further detail herein.
The grid forming line 24 may include a reeler 42 which unwinds coils of solid lead strips 32′ which may advance through a welder 44, to a loop feeder 46 which supplies the solid strip to a press 48 with a progressive die set 50 which punches holes through the lead strip to form a web 52 of a series of connected lead grids 54. The welder 44 may butt weld together the adjacent ends of individual solid lead strips to provide a substantially continuous longitudinally elongate strip 32′ fed to the progressive die set. The web 52 of lead grids 54 may pass through an ultrasonic cleaner 56 and be wound into coils by a reeler 58 for further processing of the webs 52 of connected grids.
As shown in
The punching of the lead solid strip 32′ to form the grids 54 produces significant quantities of scrap lead pieces 84 (
In the compacting line 26 a plurality of pieces of scrap 84 may be compacted into a block or briquette having sufficient integrity that it will not readily separate into small pieces and of sufficient density so that when dropped onto the top surface of a pool of liquid lead in a furnace it will readily sink below the surface of the pool of liquid lead and toward the bottom of the pool of lead. It is believed that the ability of a briquette of scrap lead pieces to submerge below the surface of a pool of liquid lead and toward the bottom of a pool of liquid lead is primarily a function of the buoyancy of the liquid lead acting on the briquette. Unless dropped or propelled from above the top surface of the pool of liquid lead in theory and in accordance with Archimedes' principle the briquette must have sufficient density (weight per unit of volume) at least substantially equal to the buoyancy of the liquid lead in the furnace which for liquid lead at a temperature of about 650° F. to 750° F. is about 10.58 g/cm3 and at a temperature of 950° F. is about 10.43 g/cm3.
It is believed that lead scrap compacted into a briquette weighing at least about 1 kg and having a density of at least about 10.6 g/cm3 when dropped from at least 0.5 feet (0.15 meter) above the top surface of a pool of liquid lead at a temperature of 750° F. substantially vertically into such pool will readily and rapidly sink below the top surface of such pool (assuming the same gravitational force on both the briquette and the pool of liquid lead) and be melted therein. Some empirical testing and resulting data indicates that a briquette in the form of a cylinder 90 (
A suitable press 88 for compacting scrap lead pieces into briquettes is semi-schematically illustrated in
This briquette is removed from its associated die cavity 110 or 110′ and transferred to one of two outlet troughs 122 or 122′ by retraction of the plunger 114, lateral movement of the die plate 112 by the hydraulic ram 120 to align the cavity 110 or 110′ with the formed briquette therein with one of the two spaced apart exit holes 124, 124′ through the plate 118, and thereafter advancement of associated ejector pins 126, 126′ by the hydraulic ram 116 which also simultaneously again advances the plunger 114 through the cavity 100 and into the other empty die cavity 110′ or 110 to form another briquette therein. The die plate 112 also has a clearance through hole 127′ for the ejector pin 126′. Each time the plunger 114 is retracted from one of the cavities 110 or 110′ the die plate is advanced or retracted by the hydraulic ram 120 to align the other cavity 110′ or 100 with the plunger. The ram 104 and auger 98 are cycled to recharge the cavity 100 with a new batch of scrap pieces and partially or pre compact them therein for transfer and further compaction in the empty one of the two die cavities 110, 110′. Thus, in operation the press 88 alternately compacts a briquette in one die cavity 110 or 110′, while transferring a formed briquette out of the other die cavity 110′ or 110 and onto one of the two troughs 122, 122′. Thus, formed briquettes are alternately transferred to one and then the other of the two troughs.
As shown in
As shown in
The forms of the invention herein disclosed constitute presently preferred embodiments and many other forms and embodiments are possible. It is not intended herein to mention all the possible equivalent forms or ramifications of the invention. It is understood that the terms used herein are merely descriptive, rather than limiting, and that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A production line for liquefying a plurality of pieces of scrap of lead or a lead alloy comprising;
- a furnace for heating a lead or a lead alloy to provide a pool of liquid lead or lead alloy with the pool having a surface;
- a compacting press for compacting a plurality of pieces of scrap of lead or lead alloy into briquettes; and
- a device for delivering the briquettes to the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy;
- whereby the briquettes are submerged in the pool and completely below the surface of the pool.
2. The line of claim 1, wherein the compacting press is constructed and arranged to produce briquettes having a density of at least 10.3 g/cm3 and a weight of at least 2 kg.
3. The line of claim 2, also comprising a caster constructed and arranged to cast a solid strip of lead or lead alloy, and wherein the furnace is constructed and arranged to maintain the pool of lead or lead alloy at a temperature of at least 650° F., the compacting press is constructed and arranged to produce at least 1,900 kg per hour of briquettes, the furnace is constructed and arranged to receive at least 1,900 kg per hour of briquettes, to melt the briquettes, to maintain the pool of lead or lead alloy at a temperature of at least 650° F. and to supply at least 2,300 kg per hour of liquid lead to the caster of the solid strip of lead or lead alloy.
4. The line of claim 2, which also comprises a punching press constructed and arranged to punch lead or a lead alloy from the solid strip to produce a web of a series of connected battery grids and pieces of scrap at the rate of at least 1,900 kg per hour of scrap, and a conveying device constructed and arranged to receive scrap from the punching press and to deliver scrap to the compacting press at the rate of at least 1,900 kg per hour.
5. The line of claim 3, wherein the compacting press is constructed and arranged to produce briquettes having a density of at least 10.6 g/cm3 and a weight in the range of 2 to 25 kg.
6. The line of claim 4, wherein the compacting press is constructed and arranged to produce briquettes having a density of at least 10.6 g/cm3 and a weight in the range of 2 to 25 kg.
7. A process of liquefying a plurality of pieces of scrap of lead or a lead alloy comprising:
- providing a pool of liquid lead or lead alloy having a surface;
- compacting a plurality of pieces of scrap of lead or lead alloy into a briquette; and
- submerging the briquette in the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy and completely below the surface of the pool.
8. The process of claim 7, comprising compacting the briquette to a density of at least 10.3 g/cm3.
9. The process of claim 7, comprising compacting a sufficient quantity of scrap to form a briquette having a weight of at least 1 kg.
10. The process of claim 8, comprising compacting a sufficient quantity of scrap to form a briquette having a weight in the range of 2 kg to 25 kg.
11. The process of claim 7, comprising heating the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy to a temperature of at least 650° F.
12. The process of claim 7, comprising compacting a plurality of briquettes having a density of at least 10.6 g/cm3 and submerging the briquettes in the pool of lead or lead alloy and completely below the surface of the pool.
13. The process of claim 7, comprising compacting a quantity of scrap into a briquette having a density of at least 10.6 g/cm3 and a weight in the range of 2 kg to 25 kg.
14. The process of claim 7, comprising compacting a quantity of scrap to form a briquette having a density of at least 10.3 g/cm3 and sufficient to withstand a drop vertically of 2 meters onto a flat surface of concrete having a nominal thickness of at least 0.1 meter without breaking the briquette.
15. The process of claim 7, comprising compacting a plurality of briquettes having a density of at least 10.6 g/cm3 and a weight of at least 2 kg and submerging the briquettes in the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy at the rate of at least 1,900 kg of briquettes per hour.
16. The process of claim 7, comprising dropping the briquette into the pool through the surface of the pool.
17. The process of claim 7, which also comprises casting from at least some of the liquid lead or lead alloy from the pool a longitudinally elongate solid strip of lead or lead alloy of a predetermined thickness, reducing the thickness of the solid strip, punching holes through the solid strip to form a web of a plurality of serially connected battery grids and produce a plurality of pieces of scrap punched from the solid strip, compacting a plurality of the pieces of scrap into a plurality of the briquettes, and submerging the briquettes in the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy and completely below the surface of the pool.
18. A process of making a web of connected battery grids with lead or a lead alloy comprising:
- providing a pool of liquid lead or a lead alloy having a surface;
- casting liquid lead or lead alloy from the pool into a longitudinally elongate solid strip of the lead or lead alloy with a predetermined thickness;
- reducing the thickness of the solid strip;
- punching the solid strip to form a web of serially connected battery grids and a plurality of pieces of scrap of the lead or lead alloy punched from the solid strip;
- compacting a plurality of the pieces of scrap of the lead or lead alloy into briquettes having a density of at least 10.3 g/cc3; and
- submerging the briquettes in the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy and completely below the surface of the pool to thereby melt the briquettes into liquid lead or lead alloy in the pool.
19. The process of claim 18, comprising compacting briquettes having a weight of at least 2 kg at a rate of at least 1,900 kg per hour of briquettes and submerging the briquettes in the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy at the rate of at least 1,900 kg per hour of briquettes.
20. The process of claim 19, comprising heating the pool of liquid lead or lead alloy to a temperature to at least 650° F.
21. The process of claim 19, comprising compacting a sufficient quantity of the plurality of pieces of scrap into briquettes having a weight in the range of 2 kg to 25 kg.
Type: Application
Filed: Feb 13, 2019
Publication Date: Aug 13, 2020
Inventor: Michael Romeo (St. Clair, MI)
Application Number: 16/274,644