LIGHT COOLING AND HEATING MACHINE

Abstract

A light cooling and heating machine, for which electrons or other charged particles serves as a refrigerant, comprising a light source and a sealed container. When cooling, the interior of the sealed container is filled with an electron gas, the light source produces an incident light, under the irradiation of the incident light, the radial attractive force among vibrating electrons reduces the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion, thus reducing the temperature of the electron gas and implementing cooling. When heating, the interior of the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions, tinder the irradiation of the incident light, the radial repulsive force among the vibrating oxygen ions and vibrating helium ions increases the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature and implementing heating.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

This light cooling and heating machine uses electrons or other charged particles as a working medium, comprising a light source and a sealed container. The machine uses the near-field energy of vibrating charged particles for cooling and heating. When cooling, the interior of the sealed container is filled with an electron gas, and the average distance between electrons in the sealed container is caused to be much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, and an electron number density is much greater than the negative third power of wavelength of the incident light, allowing vibrating electrons to be in the near-field of each other; under the irradiation of the incident light, there exists a radial attractive force among is the vibrating electrons, and the radial attractive force reduces the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion, thus reducing the temperature of the electron gas and implementing cooling. When heating, the interior of the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions; under the irradiation of the incident light, there exists a radial repulsive force among vibrating oxygen ions and vibrating helium ions, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the oxygen ions and the helium ions for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas and implementing heating. The temperature of cooling or heating can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light.

BACKGROUND ART

It is known that Freon, a refrigerant used in refrigerators and air conditioners, can damage the environment, and magnetic cooling devices need a superconducting magnet, and magnetic cooling is not suitable for the use in near-room temperature areas. Laser cooling utilizes the radiation pressure of laser light to damp the thermal motions of neutral gas atoms to reduce a temperature, but the radiation pressure is too small to damp the thermal motions of a large number of neutral gas atoms to achieve the purpose of reducing the temperature; in addition, solar thermal efficiency is low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To resolve the above problems, the present invention provides a light cooling and heating machine. This light cooling and heating machine uses electrons or other charged particles as a working medium, comprising a light source and a sealed container. The machine uses the near-field energy of vibrating electrons for cooling and heating.

When cooling, the interior of the sealed container is filled with an electron gas, and the light source produces incident light, under the irradiation of the incident light, electrons will be forced to vibrate and behave similarly to vibrating electric dipoles, and emit secondary electromagnetic waves, so that the average distance between the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, causing the vibrating electrons to be in a near-field of each other, and when the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moments of two vibrating electrons are in the same radial straight line and are in the same direction, there exists a radial attractive force among the vibrating electrons, Such a radial attractive force reduces the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion, thus reducing the temperature of the electron gas and implementing cooling. The charge amount and amplitude of an accelerating charge that produces the incident light and the distance between the light source and the vibrating electrons is controlled to control the radial attractive force among the vibrating electrons, thereby reaching a set cooling temperature.

When heating, the interior of the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions; under the irradiation of the incident light, there exists a radial repulsive force among vibrating oxygen ions and vibrating helium ions, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the oxygen ions and the helium ions for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas and implementing heating. The temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light.

When heating, the interior of the sealed container may also be filled with hydrogen gas or other gases, and the gas is ionized into positive ions and electrons by applying an external electric field or light irradiation; under the irradiation of the incident light, the positive ions and the electrons will be forced to vibrate and behave similarly to two vibrating electric dipoles, and emit secondary electromagnetic waves, so that the average distance between the positive ions and the electrons in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, causing the vibrating positive ions and the vibrating electrons to be in the near-field of each other, and when the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moments of two vibrating electrons are in the same radial straight line and are in opposite directions, there exists a radial repulsive force among the vibrating positive ions and the vibrating electrons, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and the electrons for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the positive ion gas and the electron gas and implementing heating. The temperature of the electron gas or the positive ion gas and the electron gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light.

This light cooling and heating machine is based on the following principles:

1.

Electrons are negatively charged, under the irradiation of incident light, the electrons will perform a simple harmonic motion, wherein the simple harmonic motions of the electrons can be considered as vibrating electric dipoles, and will emit secondary electromagnetic waves.

When the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moments of two vibrating electric dipoles are in the same radial straight line and are in the same direction, there exists a mutual-attracting radial acting force among the two vibrating electric dipoles, that is, there exists a mutual-attracting radial acting force among the two vibrating electrons. (Reference document 1).

Assuming that the incident light is produced by a low speed accelerating charge and assuming that the low speed accelerating charge has a charge amount of Q, an amplitude of a, and a frequency of ω, then a radiated electric field of this vibrating electric dipole is E(t):

$\begin{array}{cc}\overrightarrow{E\left(t\right)}=\frac{\mathrm{Qa}}{4{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0c^2R}{\omega }^2\cos \omega t& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

where ε₀ is a vacuum dielectric constant, C is a vacuum light speed, and R is the distance from an observation point to the centre of the vibrating electric dipole.

Let

$\begin{array}{cc}A=\frac{\mathrm{Qa}}{4{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0c^2R}& \left(2\right)\end{array}$

then formula (1) becomes

E(t)=Aω² cos ωi  (3)

The electric field intensity E(t) will cause an electron to be forced to vibrate and behave similarly to a vibrating electric dipole that has an vibrating frequency equal to the frequency ω of the incident light and emits a secondary electromagnetic wave.

Assuming that an electron 1 has a charge amount of q_e and an amplitude of l₁. In a spherical coordinate system, the near-field electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity of the vibrating electron 1 are respectively.

$\begin{array}{cc}\overrightarrow{E_r\left(t\right)}=\frac{q_el_1\cos \theta }{2{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}& \left(4\right)\\ \overrightarrow{E_{\theta }\left(t\right)}=\frac{q_el_1\sin \theta }{4{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{\theta }& \left(5\right)\\ \overrightarrow{H_{\phi }\left(t\right)}=\frac{\omega q_el_1\sin \theta }{4\pi r^2}\cos \left(\omega t+\frac{\pi }{2}\right)\overrightarrow{\phi }& \left(6\right)\end{array}$

where r is the distance from an observation point to the centre of the vibrating electron 1, where, r»l₁, r«λ, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light.

Assuming that a vibrating electron 2 is at the observation point, the distance between the vibrating electron 1 and the vibrating electron 2 is therefore r. When the electric field intensity E(t) is along the direction of r, θ=0, and formulas (4), (5), and (6) become

$\begin{array}{cc}\overrightarrow{E_r\left(t\right)}=\frac{q_el_1}{2{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}& \left(7\right)\\ \overrightarrow{E_{\theta }\left(t\right)}=0& \left(8\right)\\ \overrightarrow{H_{\phi }\left(t\right)}=0& \left(9\right)\end{array}$

The vibrating electron 2 performs a simple harmonic forced vibration under the action of the electric field intensities of E(t) and E_r(t), and has a vibrating frequency equal to the frequency ω of the incident light, and will emit a secondary electromagnetic wave. Assuming that the vibrating electron 2 has a mass of m_e, a charge amount of q_e, and an amplitude of l₂, then the motion formula of the vibrating electron 2 in the direction of is:

$\begin{array}{cc}\ddot{x}+\gamma \stackrel{.}{x}+{\omega }_0^2x=q_eA{\omega }^2\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}+\frac{q_eq_el_1}{2{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}& \left(10\right)\end{array}$

where ω₀ is the intrinsic frequency of the vibrating electron 2, and γ is a damping coefficient.

$\begin{array}{cc}r=\frac{q_e^2{\omega }^2}{6{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0m_ec^3}& \left(11\right)\end{array}$

Because γ«ω, therefore

$\begin{array}{cc}x=\frac{q_e}{m_e}\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left({\omega }_0^2-{\omega }^2\right)}^2+{\omega }^2{\gamma }^2}}\left(A{\omega }^2+\frac{q_el_1}{2{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\right)\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}=l_2\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}& \left(12\right)\\ l_2=\frac{q_e}{m_e}\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left({\omega }_0^2-{\omega }^2\right)}^2+{\omega }^2{\gamma }^2}}\left(A{\omega }^2+\frac{q_el_1}{2{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\right)& \left(13\right)\end{array}$

Because the vibrating electron 2 can be considered as a vibrating electric dipole, the electric dipole moment of the vibrating electron 2 is defined as P₂ and is along the direction of r. Then,

$\begin{array}{cc}{P}_2=q_el_2\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}=\frac{q_e^2}{m_e}\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left({\omega }_0^2-{\omega }^2\right)}^2+{\omega }^2{\gamma }^2}}\left(A{\omega }^2+\frac{q_el_1}{2{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^3}\right)\cos \omega t\overrightarrow{r}& \left(14\right)\end{array}$

The electric field intensity E(t) does not depend on the distance r, and therefore will not exert a force in the direction of r on the vibrating electron 2.

The near-field electric field intensity E_r(t) of the vibrating electron 1 will exert a force F_N in the direction of on the vibrating electron 2, and the electric field intensity E(t) and the electric moments of the vibrating electron 1 and the vibrating electron 2 are in the line of r and are in the same direction.

F_N=q_el₂ cos ωt(r•ΔE_r(t)=P₂•ΔE_r(t)  (15)

where

$\begin{array}{cc}\nabla =\overrightarrow{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}.F_N=\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left({\omega }_0^2-{\omega }^2\right)}^2+{\omega }^2{\gamma }^2}}\left(\frac{3{\mathrm{Aq}}_e^2q_el_1{\omega }^2{\cos }^2\omega t}{4m_e{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^4}+\frac{3q_e^2}{8m_e}\frac{q_e^2l_1^2{\cos }^2\omega t}{{\pi }^2{\varepsilon }_0^2r^2}\right)\overrightarrow{r}& \left(16\right)\end{array}$

From formula (16), it can be known that there exists an attractive force F_N in the direction of between the vibrating electron 1 and the vibrating electron 2 in the near-field.

There exists a Coulomb repulsive force F_C between the electron 1 and the electron 2:

$\begin{array}{cc}{F}_C=\frac{q_e^2}{4{\mathrm{\pi \varepsilon }}_0r^2}\overrightarrow{r}& \left(17\right)\end{array}$

In a rectangular coordinate system, the attractive force F_N between the vibrating electron 1 and the vibrating electron 2 is expressed as:

F_Nx=F_N sin θ cos ϕx  (18)

F_Ny=F_N sin ϕy  (19)

F_Nz=F_N cos θz  (20)

In a rectangular coordinate system, the Coulomb repulsive force F_C between the electron 1 and the electron 2 is expressed as:

F_Cx=F_C sin θ cos ϕx  (21)

F_Cy=F_C sin θ sin ϕy  (22)

F_Cz=F_C cos θz  (23)

Because electrons are quite small, the electrons can be regarded as mass points, except the moment of collision, the interaction between electrons is negligible, and the electron gas can be considered as an ideal gas. Therefore, there is a following relation for the pressure intensity P:

$\begin{array}{cc}P=m_e\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}^2=nk_BT& \left(24\right)\end{array}$

where P is the pressure intensity, n is the total number of electrons, m_e is an electron mass, k_B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, n_i is the number of electrons that have a velocity between V_i and V_i+dV_i and V_ix is the X-axis component of V_i.

Because

$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\mathrm{dP}}{\mathrm{dT}}=\frac{\mathrm{dP}}{\mathrm{dt}}·\frac{\mathrm{dt}}{\mathrm{dT}}={\mathrm{nk}}_B& \left(25\right)\\ \frac{\mathrm{dP}}{\mathrm{dt}}=2m_e\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}\frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_{\mathrm{ix}}}{\mathrm{dt}}& \left(26\right)\\ \frac{{\mathrm{dV}}_{\mathrm{ix}}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{F_x}{m_e}& \left(27\right)\end{array}$

there is

$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{dP}{dt}=2\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}F_x& \left(28\right)\\ \frac{dT}{dt}=\frac{2\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}F_x}{nk_B}& \left(29\right)\\ F_x=F_{\mathrm{Nx}}+F_{\mathrm{Cx}}=\frac{q_e^2}{4\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^2}\sin \theta \cos \phi -\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left({\omega }_0^2-{\omega }^2\right)}^2+{\omega }^2{\gamma }^2}}\left(\frac{3Aq_e^2q_el_1{\omega }^2}{4m_e\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^4}+\frac{3q_e^2}{8m_e}\frac{q_e^2l_1^2}{{\pi }^2{\varepsilon }_0^2r^7}\right)\sin \theta \cos \phi {\cos }^2\mathrm{\omega t}& \left(30\right)\end{array}$

A, ω, and n_d can all be controlled,

r˜n_d^1/3  (31)

where n_d is the electron number density.

For example, when ω=10¹⁴ Hz, A=10⁻¹³ N·S²/C, Aω²=10¹⁵N/C, λ=1.884*10⁻⁵ m, r=10⁻¹⁰ m, and l₁=10⁻¹⁵ m, there is

$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{3Aq_e^2q_el_1{\omega }^2}{4m_e\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^4}\frac{3q_e^2}{8m_e}\frac{q_e^2l_1^2}{{\pi }^2{\varepsilon }_0^2r^7}& \left(32\right)\end{array}$

Because except the moment of collision, the interaction between electrons is negligible, this means that the electrons are approximately free electrons, and ω₀≠0. When ω»ω₀,

$\begin{array}{cc}{F}_x\approx \frac{q_e^2}{4\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^2}\sin \theta \cos \phi -\frac{3Aq_e^2q_el_1}{4m_e\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^4}\sin \theta \cos \phi {\cos }^2\omega t& \left(33\right)\\ {\int }_{V_{\mathrm{ix}0}}^{V_{\mathrm{ix}}}{\mathrm{dV}}_{\mathrm{ix}}=\frac{1}{m_e}{\int }_0^tF_x\mathrm{dt}& \left(34\right)\\ {\int }_{P_0}^P\mathrm{dP}=2\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}{\int }_0^tF_x\mathrm{dt}& \left(35\right)\\ {\int }_{T_0}^T\mathrm{dT}=\frac{2\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}}{{\mathrm{nk}}_B}{\int }_0^tF_x\mathrm{dt}& \left(36\right)\end{array}$

By integrating formulas (34), (35), and (36), because

$\begin{array}{cc}{\int }_0^t{\cos }^2=\frac{1}{\omega }\left(\frac{\omega t}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\sin 2\omega t\right)\approx \frac{t}{2}& \left(37\right)\\ V_{\mathrm{ix}}-V_{\mathrm{ix}0}=\frac{1}{m_e}\left(\frac{q_e^2t}{4\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^2}\sin \theta \cos \phi -\frac{3Aq_e^2q_el_1t}{8m_e\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^4}\sin \theta \cos \phi \right)& \left(38\right)\\ P-P_0=2\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}\left(\frac{q_e^2t}{4\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^2}\sin \theta \cos \phi -\frac{3Aq_e^2q_el_1t}{8m_e\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^4}\sin \theta \cos \phi \right)& \left(39\right)\\ T-T_0=\frac{2\sum _in_iV_{\mathrm{ix}}}{nk_B}\left(\frac{q_e^2t}{4\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^2}\sin \theta \cos \phi -\frac{3Aq_e^2q_el_1t}{8m_e\pi {\varepsilon }_0r^4}\sin \theta \cos \phi \right)& \left(40\right)\end{array}$

when ω=10¹⁴ Hz, A=10⁻¹³ N·S²/C, r=10⁻¹⁰ m, and l₁=10⁻¹⁵ m, there is

$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{3Aq_el_1}{2m_er^2}>1& \left(42\right)\\ V_{\mathrm{ix}}-V_{\mathrm{ix}0}<0& \left(43\right)\\ P-P_0<0& \left(44\right)\\ T-T_0<0& \left(45\right)\end{array}$

From formula (45), it can be known that when the incident light irradiates the sealed container filled with the electron gas, the temperature in the sealed container decreases.

According to the above principle of light cooling, the sealed container is evacuated first, so that the pressure intensity in the sealed container is lower than 1 P_a, and then the electron gas is injected. To allow the vibrating electrons to be in a near-field of each other, the average distance between electrons in the sealed container should be much smaller than the wavelength r«λ of incident light. That is, the electron number density is much greater than the negative third power of the wavelength of the incident light. A required particle number density can be known from the wavelength of the incident light.

Because the sealed container is filled with an electron gas, the sealed container should be made of glass or a highly thermally conductive ceramic.

The electrons are irradiated with the incident light, so that the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moments of the vibrating electrons are in the same radial straight line and in the same direction, and the amplitude and frequency of the electric field intensity of the incident light are adjusted to produce an appropriate radial attractive force. The radial attractive force reduces the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion and thus reducing the temperature of the electron gas and implementing cooling. After the temperature of the refrigerator decreases, heat can be absorbed from the environment.

From formulas (2) and (16), it can be known that the attractive force F_N between the vibrating electron 1 and vibrating electron 2 increases with the increase of A and ω and increases with the decrease of the distance r, and A increases with the increase of Q and A increases with the decrease of R. Therefore, controlling the charge amount Q and amplitude a of the accelerating charge that produces the incident light and the distance R between the light source and the vibrating electrons can control the radial attractive force among the vibrating electrons, thus controlling the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion to reach a set cooling temperature.

2.

When heating, the interior of the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions, the average distance between the oxygen ions and the helium ions in the sealed container is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that vibrating oxygen ions and vibrating helium ions are in the near-zone field of each other, and under the irradiation of the incident light, the near-field electric field intensity of the vibrating oxygen ions will exert a force in the direction of r on the vibrating helium ions, and the electric field intensity and the electric moments of the vibrating oxygen ions and the vibrating helium ions are in the line of r and are in opposite directions, and there exists a radial repulsive force among the vibrating oxygen ions and the vibrating helium ions, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the oxygen ions and the helium ions for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas and implementing heating. The temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light. When heating, the interior of the sealed containers may also be filled with cations and anions that do not react chemically.

When heating, the interior of the sealed container may also be filled with hydrogen gas or other gases, the gas is ionized into positive ions and electrons by applying an external electric field or light irradiation; the average distance between the positive ions and the electrons in the sealed container is caused to be much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so that vibrating positive ions and vibrating electrons are in the near-zone field of each other; under the irradiation of the incident light, there exists a radial repulsive force among the vibrating positive ions and the vibrating electrons, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and the electrons for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the positive ion gas and the electron gas and implementing heating. The temperature of the positive ion gas and the electron gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light.

When heating, two sealed containers may be used, wherein the two sealed containers are respectively filled with a positive ion gas and a negative ion gas or an electron gas, there is a valve between the two sealed containers, the sealed container filled with the positive ion gas is connected to a negative electrode of a power supply, and the sealed container filled with the negative ion gas or the electron gas is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply. The average distance between positive ions and negative ions or electrons in the sealed containers is caused to be much smaller the wavelength of the incident light, so that vibrating positive ions and vibrating electrons are in the near-zone field of each other. When heating, the two sealed containers are disconnected from the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, and the valve between the two sealed containers is opened, and the positive ion gas is mixed with the negative ion gas or the electron gas; under the irradiation of the incident light, there exists a radial repulsive force among the vibrating positive ions and the vibrating negative ions or the vibrating electrons, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the positive ions and the negative ions or the electrons for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas and implementing heating. The temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light. When heating is stopped, the incident light is turned off, and the two sealed containers are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, and under the action of an electric field force, the positive ions and the negative ions or the electrons are separated, and enter the respective sealed containers, and afterwards, the valve between the two sealed containers is closed. The temperature of the positive ion gas and the negative ion gas or the electron gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the light cooling and heating machine when it is filled with electron gas for cooling.

FIG. 2 shows the structure of the light cooling and heating machine when it is filled with oxygen ions and Helium ions for heating.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Two specific embodiments are described below, but specific implementations are not limited to these two examples.

When used for cooling, the structure of the light cooling and heating machine is shown in FIG. 1. If there is air in a sealed container, the thermal kinetic energy of molecules in the air will affect the cooling effect. Therefore, the sealed container needs to be evacuated first so that the pressure in the sealed container is lower than 1 P_a. After the evacuation, the electron gas is injected, and to allow vibrating electrons to be in a near-field of each other, the average distance between electrons in the sealed container should be much smaller than the wavelength r»λ of incident light. Because there is a following relationship between the average distance r between the electrons and the electron number density n_d:

r˜n_d^1/3  (46)

Therefore, there is the following relationship between the electron number density n_d and the wavelength λ of incident light:

n_d»λ^1/3  (47)

That is, the electron number density is much greater than the negative third power of the wavelength of the incident light. A required number of electrons can be known from the wavelength of the incident light.

Because electrons are produced from gas ionization, a hydrogen molecule contains 2 electrons, and there are 6.023×10²³ hydrogen molecules per mole of hydrogen, the number of moles of hydrogen that need to be ionized can be known from the wavelength of the incident light.

Because the sealed container is filled with an electron gas, the sealed container should be made of glass or a highly thermally conductive ceramic.

After the electron gas is injected, the electrons are irradiated with the incident light, so that vibrating electrons are in the near-zone field of each other, and the electric field intensity direction of the incident light and the electric moments of the vibrating electron are in the same radial straight line and in the same direction, and the amplitude and frequency of the electric field intensity direction of the produced incident light are adjusted to produce an appropriate radial attractive force, and the radial attractive force reduces the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion and thus reducing the temperature of the electron gas and implementing cooling, and further reaching a set cooling temperature. After the temperature of the refrigerator decreases, heat can be absorbed from the environment.

Since the incident light can be produced by an accelerating charge, controlling the charge amount Q and amplitude a of the accelerating charge that produces the incident light can control the radial attractive force among the vibrating electrons, thereby controlling the average kinetic energy of the electrons for thermal motion to reach the set cooling temperature.

When used for heating, the structure of the light cooling and heating machine is shown in FIG. 2. Thet sealed container is evacuated first, and the interior of the sealed container is filled with oxygen ions and helium ions, the average distance between the oxygen ions and the helium ions in the sealed container is caused to be much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, that is, the oxygen ion number density and the helium ion number density are much greater than the negative third power of the wavelength of the incident light. Vibrating oxygen ions and vibrating helium ions are caused to be in the near-field of each other, under the irradiation of the incident light, the near-field electric field intensity of the vibrating oxygen ions will exert a force in the direction of r on the vibrating helium ions, and the electric field intensity and the electric moments of the vibrating oxygen ions and the vibrating helium ions are in the line of r and in the same direction, and there exists a radial repulsive force among the vibrating oxygen ions and the vibrating helium ions, and the radial repulsive force increases the average kinetic energy of the oxygen ions and the helium ions for thermal motion, thus increasing the temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas and implementing heating. The temperature of the oxygen ion gas and the helium ion gas can be controlled by controlling the amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light.

REFERENCE DOCUMENT

• 1.
• BingXin Gong, 2013, The light controlled fusion, Annals of Nuclear Energy, 62 (2013), 57-60.

Claims

1. A light cooling and heating machine comprising: E  ( t ) _ = Qa 4  πɛ 0  c 2  R  ω 2  cos   ω   t

a light source; and

a sealed container comprising charged particles or a gas as a working medium, the gas being ionized into positive ions and electrons by applying an external electric field or light irradiation;

wherein an incident light is emitted from the light source to the sealed container, the charged particles are in the near-field of each other, or the positive ions and the electrons are in the near-field of each other;

wherein the incident light is produced by a vibrating electric dipole with a radiated electric field of E(t):

where Q is charge amount, a is amplitude, ω is frequency, ε0 is a vacuum dielectric constant, c is a vacuum light speed, and R is the distance from an observation point to the centre of the vibrating electric dipole;

wherein the sealed container is made of glass or a thermal conductive ceramic; and

wherein the near-field energy of the charged particles provides the cooling and heating effect.

2. The light cooling and heating machine according to claim 1, wherein the working medium comprises electrons; and a cooling temperature is controlled by a charge amount and amplitude of an accelerating charge that produces the incident light and a distance between the light source and the electrons.

3. The light cooling and heating machine according to claim 1, wherein the working medium comprises cations and anions that do not react chemically, and a temperature of the cations and anions is controlled by an amplitude, frequency, and electric moment of the incident light.

4. The light cooling and heating machine according to claim 3, wherein the cations comprise helium ions, and the anions comprise oxygen ions.

5. The light cooling and heating machine according to claim 1, wherein a temperature of the positive ions and the electrons is controlled by an amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light.

6. The light cooling and heating machine according to claim 1, wherein the gas comprises hydrogen gas.

7. A light cooling and heating machine, comprising: E  ( t ) _ = Qa 4  πɛ 0  c 2  R  ω 2  cos   ω   t

a light source; and

a first sealed container comprising positive ions and a second sealed container comprising negative ions or electrons;

wherein an incident light is emitted from the light source to the sealed containers, the positive ions and the negative ions or the electrons being in the near-field of each other;

wherein the incident light is produced by a vibrating electric dipole with a radiated electric field of E(t):

where Q is charge amount, a is amplitude, ω is frequency, ε0 is a vacuum dielectric constant, c is a vacuum light speed, and R is a distance from an observation point to the centre of a vibrating electric dipole;

wherein the sealed containers are made of glass or a thermal conductive ceramic;

wherein the near-field energy of the charged particles provides the cooling and heating effect; and

wherein a valve is provided between the first sealed container and the second sealed container, the first sealed container is connected to a negative electrode of a power supply, and the second sealed container is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply; when heating, the two sealed containers are disconnected from the positive electrode and negative electrode of the power supply, the valve between the two sealed containers is opened, and the positive ions are mixed with the negative ions or the electrons, a first temperature of the positive ions and the negative ions or the electrons being controlled by a first amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light; when the heating is stopped, the incident light is turned off, and the two sealed containers are connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the power supply; under an action of an electric field force, the positive ions and the negative ions or the electrons are separated and enter the first container and the second container respectively, and the valve is closed, a second temperature of the positive ions and the negative ions or the electrons being controlled by a second amplitude, wavelength, and electric moment of the incident light.