MULTI-PHASE, SINGLE POINT, SHORT GUN PERFORATION DEVICE FOR OILFIELD APPLICATIONS
An apparatus for perforating an unconventional subterranean formation includes a charge holder having a passage along a long axis, a detonating device positioned in the passage and a plurality of shaped charges supported by the charge holder and circumferentially distributed along a same plane that is transverse to the long axis. Each shaped charge is formed of at least a charge case, an explosive material disposed in the charge case, and a liner enclosing the explosive material in the charge case. All of the shaped charges are directly energetically coupled to the detonating device.
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The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for completing a well.
2. Description of the Related ArtHydrocarbons, such as oil and gas, are produced from cased wellbores intersecting one or more hydrocarbon reservoirs in a formation. These hydrocarbons flow into the wellbore through perforations in the cased wellbore. Perforations are usually made using a perforating gun loaded with shaped charges. The gun is lowered into the wellbore on electric wireline, slickline, tubing, coiled tubing, or other conveyance device until it is adjacent to the hydrocarbon producing formation. Thereafter, a surface signal actuates a firing head associated with the perforating gun, which then detonates the shaped charges. Projectiles or jets formed by the explosion of the shaped charges penetrate the casing to thereby allow formation fluids to flow through the perforations and into a production string.
Conventional perforating tool generate a shot pattern placing tunnels principally along an axial length of a wellbore. The present disclosure proposes non-conventional perforating tools that may enhance completion activity such as hydraulic fracturing.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSUREIn aspects, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for perforating a subterranean formation. The apparatus may include a charge holder having a passage along a long axis; a detonating device positioned in the passage; and a plurality of shaped charges supported by the charge holder and circumferentially distributed along a same plane that is transverse to the long axis. Each shaped charge is formed of at least a charge case, an explosive material disposed in the charge case, and a liner enclosing the explosive material in the charge case. All of the shaped charges are directly energetically coupled to the detonating device.
In further aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for perforating an unconventional subterranean formation. The method may include positioning the above-described apparatus in a wellbore and firing the apparatus.
The above-recited examples of features of the disclosure have been summarized rather broadly in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the contributions to the art may be appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the disclosure that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject of the claims appended hereto.
For detailed understanding of the present disclosure, references should be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements have been given like numerals and wherein:
Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods and related perforating tools for completing unconventional formations, such as hydrocarbon-bearing shale formations. For the present disclosure, an “unconventional” formation is generally a formation that has a permeability that is less than ten millidarcy (mD). Many “unconventional” formations have a permeability between one nano-darcy (nD) and one millidarcy (mD).
Referring to
The number of shaped charges 70 on each plane may be varied to suit a particular situation. A plane may include only one shaped charge 70 or four or more shaped charges 70. In certain situations, two or three shaped charges 70 may be used. While not required, shaped charges 70 are typically evenly distributed along their respective planes; e.g., 180 degrees apart for two shaped charges 70, 120 degrees apart for three shaped charges 70, 90 degrees apart for four shaped charges 70, etc. The maximum number of shaped charges 70 on a particular plane depends, in part, on the dimensions of the shaped charge, the charge holding structure, and the carrier tube.
For arrangements using four shaped charges 70 (
In embodiments, the body 93 of the charge holder 90 may be a substantially solid cylinder. For the purposes of the present disclosure, a cylinder is considered “solid” if at least twenty five percent of a radius 101 from a center of the passage 94 to the outer surface 91 is formed of a solid material. Other suitable embodiments may have solid material forming at least forty percent, at least fifty percent, or at least seventy five percent of the radius 101. A “solid” cylinder, as referred to in the present disclosure, is in contrast to a “hollow” cylinder. A hollow cylinder has a wall that makes up less than forty percent of the radius 101. A conventional tube or pipe is representative of a hollow cylinder.
It should be noted that the charge holder 90 may be radially “free-floating” in the bore 102 of the carrier 100. By “free-floating,” it is meant that the charge holder 90 can move laterally, or transverse to the long axis 11 (
Referring to
From the above, it should be appreciated that perforating guns according to the present disclosure can be relatively short; e.g., less than one foot. Further, the use of the charge holders 90, 96 may eliminate the need for end plates or other similar structures used to support a conventional charge holding structure.
The above perforating tools may be used to complete a hydrocarbon producing well. Referring to
The facility 101 can include known equipment and structures such as a rig 106 and a production structure 108. The production structure 108 can include casing, liners, cement, and other wellbore equipment. A work string 110 is suspended within a wellbore 10 from the rig 106. The work string 110 can include drill pipe, coiled tubing, wire line, slick line, or any other known conveyance means. The work string 110 can include telemetry lines or other signal/power transmission mediums that establish one-way or two-way telemetric communication. A telemetry system may have a surface controller (e.g., a power source) 112 adapted to transmit electrical signals via a suitable cable or signal transmission line.
A perforating gun train 140 is shown in a deviated section 142 of the wellbore 10. The gun train 140 may include one or more guns according to the present disclosure, e.g., guns 50, 60. By deviated, it is meant a section of the wellbore 10 is not vertical. The deviation from a vertical datum can be between one to ninety degrees (horizontal) or greater in some instances. In embodiments, the deviation may be greater than thirty degree, greater than forty five degree, or greater than sixty degrees. By way of reference, a deviation less than ninety degrees would have the section 142 pointed downward and a deviation greater than ninety degrees would have the section 142 pointed upward. By “pointed,” it is meant the direction along which the wellbore 10 was drilled.
When fired, the perforating gun train 140 creates one or more openings as shown in
It should be understood that the teachings of the present disclosure are susceptible to numerous variants and embodiments. Non-limiting variants are described below.
As noted above, the present disclosure is not limited to any particular number of shaped charges per plane. A plane may include only one shaped charge, two shaped charges, three shaped charges, or four or more shaped charges. Also as discussed above, while not required, shaped charges may be evenly distributed along their respective planes; e.g., 180 degrees apart for two shaped charges, 120 degrees apart for three shaped charges, 90 degrees apart for four shaped charges, etc.
Referring to
Referring to
In
Additionally, in some embodiments, the body segments 190, 202 may be a casing of a shaped charge; i.e., an energetic material (not shown) may be disposed in the cavity 192, which is then enclosed by a suitable liner (not shown). It should be appreciated in such embodiments, a perforating tool eliminates a charge holder; i.e., the shaped charges are self-supporting in a carrier. By “self-supporting,” it is meant that the shaped charges structurally can support one another to maintain a desired relative orientation.
It is emphasized that the perforating tools of the present disclosure is not limited to any particular shaped charge design or configuration. Merely for better understanding, there is illustrated in
It should be noted that for the
A non-limiting embodiment of a perforating tool having self-supporting shaped charges may include a carrier, a shaped charge assembly disposed in the carrier, and a detonating device disposed in the carrier. The shaped charge assembly may include a plurality of shaped charges. Each shaped charge may include a charge case, an explosive material disposed in the charge case, and a liner enclosing the explosive material in the charge case. The shaped charges may be circumferentially disposed around the detonating device such that all of the shaped charges are on the same plane, the plane being transverse to a long axis of the carrier. Additionally, each charge case has a radial surface substantially contiguous with a radial surface of an adjacent shaped charge. The charge cases are arranged to form a solid cylindrical body. Optionally, a retaining member may be disposed around the shaped charges to secure the shaped charges to one another. Optionally, the shaped charges may have a direct energetic coupling to the detonating device.
Referring to
In the context of the present disclosure, a detonation is a supersonic combustion reaction, which can create shock waves and release thermal energy. High explosives (RDX, HMX, etc.) are materials that will detonate. A detonator is a device used to trigger an explosive material, such as the explosive material in a shaped charge or a detonating cord. Detonators can be mechanically or electrically initiated.
The foregoing description is directed to particular embodiments of the present disclosure for the purpose of illustration and explanation. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that many modifications and changes to the embodiment set forth above are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such modifications and changes.
Claims
1. An apparatus for perforating a subterranean formation, comprising:
- a charge holder having a passage along a long axis;
- a detonating device positioned in the passage; and
- a plurality of shaped charges supported by the charge holder and circumferentially distributed along a same plane that is transverse to the long axis, wherein each shaped charge is formed of at least a charge case, an explosive material disposed in the charge case, and a liner enclosing the explosive material in the charge case, and wherein all of the shaped charges are directly energetically coupled to the detonating device.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the charge holder is solid.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the charge holder includes a plurality of circumferentially distributed pockets formed on an outer surface of the charge holder, and wherein each pocket receives one shaped charge of the plurality of shaped charges.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each pocket has a seating surface complementary to a body of the shaped charge received therein.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least fifty percent of a radius from a center of the passage to the outer surface is formed of a solid material.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the charge holder includes a plurality of body segments.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a body segment of each segment is the charge case of each of the plurality of shaped charges.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detonating device is a detonator responsive to a surface signal.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detonating device is one of: (i) a booster charge, and (ii) a detonating cord.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a carrier having a bore receiving the charge holder, the carrier having a circumferential groove extending fully around an outer surface, the circumferential groove being axially aligned with the plurality of shaped charges.
11. A method for completing an unconventional subterranean formation, comprising:
- positioning a perforating tool in a section of the wellbore that intersects the unconventional formation, wherein the wellbore is deviated from a vertical datum, the perforating tool including: a charge holder having a passage along a long axis; a detonating device positioned in the passage; and a plurality of shaped charges supported by the charge holder and circumferentially distributed along a same plane that is transverse to the long axis, wherein each shaped charge is formed of at least a charge case, an explosive material disposed in the charge case, and a liner enclosing the explosive material in the charge case, and wherein all of the shaped charges are directly energetically coupled to the detonating device; and
- firing the perforating tool to form at least one opening in the unconventional formation.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
- fracturing the formation by pumping a fracturing fluid through the at least one opening.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the deviation is at least forty five degrees from the vertical datum.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the unconventional formation has a permeability that is less than ten millidarcy (mD).
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 25, 2019
Publication Date: Jul 8, 2021
Applicant: OWEN OIL TOOLS LP (Houston, TX)
Inventors: CHRIS MONTANEZ (Clebume, TX), DAN W. PRATT (Benbrook, TX)
Application Number: 17/057,018