WASHABLE AND REUSABLE FACE MASK WITH REPLACEABLE FILTER
A face mask include a bulbous area that reduces contact between the wearer and the mask, with the inner surface texture and material adapted to be comfortable to the wearer. The bulbous area may be equipped with a filter retained by slots at the edge of the bulbous area, with the inner surface texture and material of the filter also adapted to be comfortable to the wearer. The mask may be knit with seamless transitions between wearer-contacting surfaces and the bulbous area, which enhance the comfort of the mask. The mask may include silvered yarns for antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the bulbous area increases the effective surface area of the mask on both inhalation and exhalation, unlike pleats that collapse on inhalation.
This application claims priority to: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/013,494, entitled “Washable And Reusable Face Mask With Zonally Engineered Antimicrobial Yarns,” filed Apr. 21, 2020″; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/014,016, entitled “Washable And Reusable Face Mask With Zonally Engineered Antimicrobial Yarns,” filed Apr. 22, 2020″; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/160,651, entitled “Washable And Reusable Face Mask With Replaceable Filter,” filed Mar. 12, 2021; and this application is a continuation-in-part of: U.S. Design patent application No. 29/745,890, entitled “Face Mask,” filed Aug. 10, 2020; and a continuation-in-part of U.S. Design patent application No. 29/745,891, entitled “Face Mask,” filed Aug. 10, 2020, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUNDPersonal protective equipment (PPE) in the form of face masks are typically fabricated from sheets of paper or fabric, and are typically disposable. Sheets of filter paper, e.g., “single use” non-woven filters, and fabric are typically tailored or pleated to conform to a face. The traditional die-cut and sew approach can create waste in the discard, and uncomfortable seams in the final product. Furthermore, even if a mask is re-used, the mask itself may be contaminated from, e.g., being touched by the wearer. And an additional undesirable feature of many masks is that they irritate the wearer, causing a condition coming to be known as “maskne.”
Thus, what is needed is a mask that reduces waste, is re-usable, may reduce contamination through its construction or washability, and is less irritating to the wearer.
The embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which:
Embodiments described within disclose a protective mask with zonal engineered knitting that uses facial sizing data to inform the design so that the final product conforms to the wearer's face. The zonal knitting allows the mask to be form fitting without creating the waste that a mask sewn from sheets of fabric or paper might create. The zonal knitting provides for a more comfortable mask by eliminating sewn seams. The zonal knitting allows the yarns of the knit to be customized for particular areas of the mask, so that the resultant knit may transition in in composition and function from one area of the mask to the next according to the needs of the area. Using the process of zonal engineered knitting, embodiments of the mask may be sized to fit a broad range of profiles and fit with a more ergonomically sensitive design that hugs the facial contours more efficiently than the traditional die-cut and sew approach to mask fabrication. Such zonal engineering may be accomplished using, e.g., a flatbed knitting machine such as a model available from Stoll by Karl Mayer (www.stoll.com).
To reduce the potential for contamination, embodiments of the mask may be washable, or may be constructed with an antimicrobial silver yarn, or both. For example, the silver yarn may include X-STATIC®, which is a silver yarn that is EPA registered to resist microorganism growth available from Noble Biomaterials, Inc. Silver yarns release positively charged silver ions in the presence of moisture, which prohibits microorganism growth, controls odor, and eliminates bacteria on contact.
In embodiments, the silver yarn may be blended with polyester to create a blend that is breathable, form-fitting, and comfortable against the skin, which prevents “maskne.” Furthermore, the polyester may be recycled, which makes the final product more sustainable than if virgin plastics had been used. One such blend, which includes both silver yarns and recycled polyester (SilverKiss™, from Bilio LLC), has antimicrobial properties and may be re-washed over 250 times without compromising performance. This material has been tested to have a Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) of approximately 90% (mean=89.9%, n=5) measuring with a particle size of 0.27 microns and a Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) of approximately 85% (mean=84.4%, n=5) measuring with a particle size of 0.1 microns.
Thus, embodiments may be washable and reusable, “knit-to-shape”, with zero or little waste, and knit with recycled materials that require no post-processing. As a result, such embodiments help to keep “single use” non-woven filters available for N95 mask production and out of landfills.
In some embodiments, the knit may be designed to create a “heather” appearance. “Heather” refers to interwoven yarns of different colors, which when knit together, produce flecks of alternating color. The pre-dyed yarns are blended together to give a particular look. In some embodiments, heather is used to mix multiple shades of gray, or gray with another color to produce a muted shade. The term “heather” may also be used to describe the fabric made from heathered yarns.
Dart 22 is knit within cheek area 18, which provides for the knit to transition from the flat cheek area 18 to the bulbous facial area 20. Dart 22 also enhances the structure and rigidity and reduces the elasticity of cheek area 18 with respect to facial area 20. Dart 22 thus provides a backbone of sorts to cheek area 18. With dart 22 in place, cheek area 18 is found to lay flatter against a wearer's cheek on exhale, which improves the filtering properties of mask 10 because it reduces the volume of breath escaping from mask 10 unfiltered. Thus, cheek areas 18 in combination with border 14 cooperate to form a seal that, on exhale particularly, forces the wearer's breath through the filtering knit material of surface 24.
In an embodiment, dart 22 may be constructed as follows: 1) mask 10 is knit in a pattern with a notch at a left and right side of surface 24; 2) the edges of a notch are brought together edge-to-edge; 3) the edges are then knit together so that there is no cut seam or edge on the interior or exterior cheek area 18, or elsewhere in facial area 20. This construction provides for part of the 3D shape of cheek area 18 seen in, e.g.,
In the embodiment, the material of facial area 20 may be knit from a silver yarn that is blended with a polyester yarn to create a blend that is breathable, form-fitting, and comfortable against the skin, with the knit and the silver yarn providing the properties discussed above. In embodiments, the material of facial area 20 may be “heathered” for appearance. Border 14 may be stretchable to conform to facial contours and transitions into ear loops 12, which surround the wearer's ears to hold mask 10 to the wearer. Ear loops 12 may be knit with relatively more elastic than border 16, so that ear loops 12 deform relatively more than border 16 when mask 10 is fitted to a wearer. In an embodiment, ear loops 12 may be discontinuous, e.g., loops 12 may be strings that extend from both the upper and lower border sections and that are tied or otherwise connected together behind the ear to retain mask 10 to the wearer. Bridge 17 is knit into nose region 16 to provide space for the wearer's nose within facial area 20. As shown, bridge 17, nose region 16 and facial area 20 are contoured to create a bulbous area so that, when mask 10 is worn, much of the mask material of those sections does not contact the wearer. A feature of the bulbous area is that it allows for, on exhale, a wearer's breath to be distributed across a relatively large percentage of mask 10, e.g., more or less the entirety of facial region 20. By providing for a non-contact area over an extensive part of the mask, embodiments of mask 10 may be more comfortable to wear than masks with more contact area. Also, by providing for such an extensive, non-contact area and distributing the wearer's breath over the extensive, non-contact area of surface 24, mask 10 may increase the duration it may be worn before becoming saturated with moisture from the wearer's breath, and may be more efficient in filtering the wearer's breath.
In an embodiment, mask 10 may be zonally engineered such that mask 10 is entirely knit, i.e., the transitions from ear loops 12 to border 14, from border 14 to face 20, and from face 20 to side flap 18 are knit and without a sewn seam. By eliminating sewn seams, the zonally-engineered embodiment may further improve comfort and fit. And by eliminating the traditional die-cut and sew construction method, the zonally-engineered embodiment may reduce waste.
Embodiments of the deformable batten contribute significantly to the filtering function of the mask. By adjusting the deformable batten to the contours of the wearer's face, the mask creates a significantly snugger seal around the wearer's nose bridge and cheeks. An added benefit is that, by improving the seal about the wearer's nose and cheeks, the deformable batten also improves the seal about the wearer's chin by reducing the tendency of the mask to droop. In other words, the use of the deformable batten boosts the filtering efficiency of the mask.
The deformable batten also benefits a wearer of glasses by reducing fogging. After the mask is positioned, the deformable batten is made to conform to the wearer's contours by being pressed firmly over and around the bridge and against the cheeks. Glasses may then be worn in place—on top of the wire. The deformable batten establishes a seal that directs exhalation downward, which will reduce or eliminate fogging.
Embodiments of deformable battens 40, 42 may be removed from the mask by grasping both the deformable batten 40, 42 and border 14 at the end of the deformable batten that is furthest from access port 28. The other hand is then used to grasp border 14 between access port 28 and the nearest ear loop. Stretching the mask between the hands will cause the unrestrained end of the deformable batten 40, 42 to travel to the access port 28 and pop through, allowing the deformable batten to be removed.
In an embodiment, mask 10 may have the following composition.
In Table 1: “body” refers to the inner or outer side of surface 24; “plate” or “plating” is a knit method of running two yarns together but keeping one yarn behind the other; “tuck,” otherwise known as a “spacer knit,” refers to the yarn structure connecting the two surfaces of a knit. In an embodiment, both the “plate” and the “tuck” are within the interior of the knit material such that neither comes in contact with either a wearer or a holder of the mask. In an embodiment, both the “plate” and the “tuck” may be within the interior of the knit material such that neither initially comes in contact with either a wearer or a holder of the mask, but the plate and tuck may shift over time, such that the plate or tuck may rise to the exterior surface. In other words, in an embodiment, the single “main” layer of knit material of surface 24 of mask 10 may include two “body” layers that contact a holder or wearer, two “plate” layers on the inside of the knit material that do not contact the wearer or holder (at least initially), and a spacer knit that joins the outer body/plate combination to the inner body/plate combination. Thus, in embodiments, a single “main” knit layer, e.g., surface 24, may include sub layers of different types of yarns, e.g., of a body, plating, and spacer knit.
The discussion of mask 10 and the associated elements applies equally to the following embodiments unless specified otherwise. Similarly, the discussion of the following embodiments and their associated elements applies to mask 10 unless specified otherwise.
In embodiments of mask 60, a single “main” knit layer, e.g., inner layer 64 or outer layer 66, may include sub layers of different types of yarns, e.g., of a body, a plating, and a spacer knit.
In embodiments, dual-layer 79 may include two knit layers that are separable from each other (or separable between transition line 72 and lower border 14), or dual-layer 79 may include two knit layers that are interconnected by knit structure, which might be created using, e.g., a double-knitting technique. For example, dual-layer 79 may include two distinct knit structures, each with the structure described with regard to Table 1, or dual-layer 79 may include two knit structures, each as described with regard to Table 1, but including additional “tuck” that connect the two knit structures.
In embodiments of mask 70, a single “main” knit layer, e.g., inner layer 76 or outer layer 78, may include sub layers of different types of yarns, e.g., of a body, plating, and spacer knit.
A feature of the combination of filter 84 and outer layer 78 is that mask 70 may provide filtration approaching or equal to that of an N95 respirator in a sustainable package with partially recycled filter material. The mask thus allows the wearer to have PPE offering protection comparable to the typical N95 mask without diverting the typical N95 mask from, e.g., health care workers.
The previous description has generally discussed the embodiments in terms of a knit construction. However, the description should not be understood to limit the construction of the embodiments to knit material as other materials, such as woven fabric and non-woven materials, may be used instead of a knit to achieve many of the features described regarding masks 10, 50, 60, and 70.
The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. In the embodiments, the separation or orientation of various mask components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the subject disclosure.
A phrase such as an “aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A phrase such as an aspect may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as a “configuration” does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A phrase such as a configuration may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa.
All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.
Claims
1. A mask comprising:
- a first layer configured to cover a wearer's mouth and nose,
- an upper border to the first layer including an internal tube and an access port,
- a first ear attachment,
- a second ear attachment, and
- a batten, wherein:
- the batten: is provided within the internal tube; is deformable to adapt the upper border to a wearer's nose; and is removable from the internal tube through the access port.
2. The mask of claim 1, wherein the batten includes an elongate center section terminating at each end in an expanded section.
3. The mask of claim 1 further including a lower border to the first layer, wherein:
- the first layer includes a first cheek area, a second cheek area, and a bulbous area;
- the bulbous area is surrounded by the upper border, the lower border, the first cheek area, and the second cheek area and the bulbous area extends from the upper border, the lower border, the first check area, and the second cheek area such that, when the mask is worn, the majority of the bulbous area does not contact the wearer.
4. The mask of claim 3, the first cheek area including a first dart and the second cheek area including a second dart, each dart contributing structure to the respective cheek area that inhibits the deformation of the cheek area.
5. The mask of claim 3, wherein the upper border, the lower border, the first cheek area, and the second cheek area cooperate such that, when the mask is affixed to a wearer using the first and second ear attachments, deforming the batten to the adapt the upper border to the wearer's nose increases contact between the upper border and the wearer's nose and cheeks.
6. The mask of claim 5, wherein, when the mask is affixed to a wearer using the first and second ear attachments, deforming the batten to the adapt the upper border to the wearer's nose increases a force of contact of the lower border against the wearer's chin.
7. The mask of claim 6, wherein a force of contact against the wearer's nose and cheeks, and the force of contact to the wearer's chin is increased during a first exhalation in comparison to a second exhalation during which the batten is not adapted to the wearer's nose, such that, when the batten is deformed to adapt to the wearer, relatively less of the wearer's exhalation escapes from between the wearer and the upper border, the lower border, the first cheek region, or the second cheek region.
8. The mask of claim 3, wherein the first layer is a knit first layer and: a first transition from the upper border to the bulbous area, a second transition from the lower border to the bulbous area, a third transition from the first cheek area to the bulbous area, and a fourth transition from the second cheek area to the bulbous area, are knit transitions such that the knit first layer does not contain a sewn seam or cut edge.
9. The mask of claim 8, wherein the knit first layer includes a yarn with a silver component, the silver component providing the knit first layer with enhanced antimicrobial properties.
10. The mask of claim 9, wherein the knit first layer includes an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface including more of a first yarn that a second yarn, the outer surface including more of the second yarn than the first yarn, the first yarn being less irritating to a wearer than the second yarn, and the second yarn including the silver component.
11. The mask of claim 3 further including:
- a second layer in each of the first cheek area and the second cheek area creating a first slot in the first cheek area and a second slot in the second cheek area; and
- a filter including a first tab and a second tab, wherein the filter is configured to cover the majority of the bulbous area and is retained by the first tab being inserted into the first slot and the second tab being inserted into the second slot.
12. The mask of claim 11, wherein:
- the second layer in the first cheek area and second cheek area is coextensive with the first layer in the first cheek area and second cheek area; and
- a lower section of the bulbous area includes a second layer.
13. The mask of claim 11, wherein the filter includes: an inner filter layer adapted to reduce user irritation; a first intermediate filter layer providing bacterial filtration; a second intermediate filter layer including a non-woven filter material; an outer filter layer including a spacer knit material; and an adhesive layer between each filter layer.
14. The mask of claim 11, wherein the filter includes: an inner filter layer adapted to reduce user irritation; a first intermediate filter layer providing bacterial filtration; a second intermediate filter layer including a silvered yarn; an outer filter layer including a spacer knit material; and an adhesive layer between each filter layer.
15. A kit containing a mask comprising:
- a first layer configured to cover a wearer's mouth and nose and including a first cheek area, a second cheek area, and a bulbous area;
- a second layer in each of the first cheek area and the second cheek area creating a first slot in the first cheek area and a second slot in the second cheek area; an upper border to the first layer including an internal tube and an access port, a first ear attachment, a second ear attachment, a plurality of filters, and a batten, wherein: the batten: is configured to fit within the internal tube, is deformable to adapt the upper border to a wearer's nose, and is removable from the internal tube through the access port; and each filter of the plurality of filters: includes a first tab and a second tab, is configured to cover the majority of the bulbous area, and is retained by the first tab being inserted into the first slot and the second tab being inserted into the second slot.
16. The mask of claim 15, wherein the upper border, the lower border, the first cheek area, and the second cheek area cooperate such that, when the mask is affixed to a wearer using the first and second ear attachments, deforming the batten to the adapt the upper border to the wearer's nose increases the contact of the upper border to the wearer's nose and cheeks.
17. The mask of claim 16, wherein, when the mask is affixed to a wearer using the first and second ear attachments, deforming the batten to the adapt the upper border to the wearer's nose increases the contact of the lower border to the wearer's chin.
18. The mask of claim 15, wherein:
- the second layer in the first cheek area and second cheek area is coextensive with the first layer in the first cheek area and second cheek area; and
- a lower section of the bulbous area includes a second layer.
19. The mask of claim 16, wherein:
- a first filter of the plurality includes: an inner filter layer adapted to reduce user irritation; a first intermediate filter layer providing bacterial filtration; a second intermediate filter layer including a non-woven filter material; an outer filter layer including a spacer knit material; and an adhesive layer between each filter layer;
- a second filter of the plurality includes the filter layers of the first filter except the second intermediate filter layer includes a silvered yarn; and
- a third filter of the plurality include the filter layers of the second filter except the second intermediate filter layer further includes a carbon-containing material.
20. A mask comprising:
- a knit first layer configured to cover a wearer's mouth and nose and including an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface including more of a first yarn that a second yarn, the outer surface including more of the second yarn than the first yarn, the first yarn being less irritating to a wearer than the second yarn, and the second yarn including a silver component;
- a knit upper border to the first layer including an internal tube and an access port;
- a knit lower border to the first layer;
- a first ear attachment;
- a second ear attachment; and
- a batten; wherein:
- the batten is provided within the internal tube, is deformable to adapt the upper border to a wearer's nose, and is removable from the internal tube through the access port;
- the first layer includes a first cheek area, a second cheek area, and a bulbous area;
- the bulbous area is surrounded by the upper border, the lower border, the first cheek area, and the second cheek area and the bulbous area extends from the upper border, the lower border, the first check area, and the second cheek area such that, when the mask is worn, the majority of the bulbous area does not contact the wearer; and
- a first transition from the upper border to the bulbous area, a second transition from the lower border to the bulbous area, a third transition from the first cheek area to the bulbous area, and a fourth transition from the second cheek area to the bulbous area, are knit transitions such that the knit first layer does not contain a sewn seam or cut edge.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 21, 2021
Publication Date: Oct 21, 2021
Inventors: Harry William Smith, IV (San Anselmo, CA), Nicholas Andrew Smith (Sausalito, CA), Neil Tagner (Taylorsville, NC), Jason R. Wilkins (Taylorsville, NC)
Application Number: 17/236,611