Systems and Methods for Plugging an Oil Well
A plug assembly for opening a subterranean wellbore comprises a tubular housing and a first frangible element comprising an activation component. The first frangible element has a first orifice in an uphole side that extends at least partially through the first frangible element. The activation component initially seals the first orifice to prevent fluid communication from the uphole side of the first frangible element with the first orifice. After the activation component is activated, fluid communication is enabled from the uphole side of the first frangible element with the first orifice.
The present disclosure relates to a holding and crushing device for a plug device in hydrocarbon wells, the plug device comprising a frangible element and a support media.
BACKGROUNDFor a variety of oil well drilling operations, a plug is used in a tool string that is capable of being opened in a controlled manner. An example of such a plug is a flotation plug used to float casing into highly-deviated or horizontal wellbores. In such applications, the plug can be installed in the tool string as the tool string is run downhole.
Existing barrier plugs and similar devices are brought into an open or plugged state by a mechanical or hydraulic translation of an activation signal and/or force from the upper side of the plug to the lower side of the plug. This mechanical or hydraulic translation takes place though a channel or bore that bypasses the sealing devices of the plug. Such configurations comprise many parts and potential points of failure, in the form of sleeves, seals, rings etc. Also, configurations based on bypass channels and bores are inherently vulnerable, since they provide potential paths of fluid loss, pressure drops, and other forms of leakage. In addition, such complicated and vulnerable plug arrangements are dependent on tight tolerances and movement of several parts.
In order to reduce or eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages of known techniques, there is a need for an improved plug arrangement comprising a frangible barrier material. Particularly, there is a need for a plug arrangement comprising an activation system that is simple to manufacture, and reliably opens when triggered. While some embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to barrier plugs, the same mechanisms described herein are also useful in other applications in hydrocarbon wells where a plugging device is needed to separate and then controllably open two regions.
SUMMARYIt is an object of the present disclosure to mitigate, alleviate or eliminate one or more of the above-identified deficiencies and disadvantages.
In one aspect a plug assembly for opening a subterranean wellbore is disclosed. The plug assembly may include a tubular housing having an uphole end and a downhole end and configured for internal fluid communication from the uphole end to the downhole end, and a first frangible element disposed in the tubular housing, the first frangible element having a first orifice in an uphole side of the first frangible element. In the plug assembly, the first orifice may extend at least partially through the first frangible element. The plug assembly may further include an activation component configured for sealing the first orifice and located at the uphole side of the first frangible element. In the plug assembly, the activation component may initially seal the first orifice to prevent fluid communication from the uphole side of the first frangible element with the first orifice. After the activation component is activated, the activation component may enable fluid communication from the uphole side of the first frangible element with the first orifice.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the first frangible element may be a glass disc.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the first orifice may extend completely through the first frangible element.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the first orifice may be located off-center of the first frangible element.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the activation component may be a burst disc.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the first frangible element may be disposed on a beveled seat in the tubular housing.
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the plug assembly may further include first support media located in the tubular housing downhole from the first frangible element. In the plug assembly, an uphole side of the first support media may be in physical contact with a downhole side of the first frangible element, while the first support media may further include a first fluid passageway through the first support media, and the first support media may be configured for disintegrating when a fluid passes through the first fluid passageway.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the first support media may be housed in a first tapered cavity in the tubular housing, while the first support media may be correspondingly tapered to the first tapered cavity to enable detention of the first support media in the first tapered cavity.
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the plug assembly may further include a second frangible element located on a beveled seat formed in the tubular housing. In the plug assembly, the second frangible element may be in physical contact with a downhole surface of the first frangible element.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the second frangible element may include a second orifice that extends partially through the second frangible element. In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the second orifice may be aligned with the first orifice. In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the second frangible element may include a glass disc.
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the plug assembly may further include a conformal layer located between the first frangible element and the second frangible element. In the plug assembly, conformal layer may maintain physical contact with both the first frangible element and the second frangible element.
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the plug assembly may further include second support media located in the tubular housing downhole from the first support media. In the plug assembly, an uphole side of the second support media may be in physical contact with a downhole side of the first support media. The plug assembly may further include a third frangible element located in the tubular housing and enabled to seal the tubular housing to prevent the internal fluid communication, the third frangible element having a third orifice in an uphole side of the third frangible element. In the plug assembly, the third orifice may extend partially through the third frangible element, while an uphole side of the third frangible element may be in physical contact with a downhole side of the second support media.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the plug assembly, the second support media may be housed in a second tapered cavity in the tubular housing. In the plug assembly, the second support media is correspondingly tapered to the second tapered cavity to enable detention of the second support media in the second tapered cavity, while the second tapered cavity may be tapered in an opposite orientation to the first tapered cavity.
In another aspect, a method of enabling fluid communication through a subterranean wellbore using a plug assembly is disclosed. The method may begin after installing a plug assembly in a subterranean wellbore, the plug assembly being installed in an initial condition that seals the subterranean wellbore to prevent fluid communication through the subterranean wellbore. Responsive to an increase in pressure of a fluid above a threshold pressure value at an uphole side of the plug assembly, the method may include activating an activation component located in a tubular housing of the plug assembly, the tubular housing enabling fluid communication with the fluid and the activation component. Upon activating the activation component, the method may include subjecting a first orifice extending at least partially through a first frangible element to the pressure from the fluid. In the method, prior to the activating, the activation component may be configured to seal the first orifice from the fluid. Responsive to the pressure of the fluid impacting the first orifice, the method may include causing the fluid to penetrate the first frangible element at the first orifice, such that the first frangible element is shattered.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the activation component and the first orifice may be centered on the tubular housing.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the activation component and the first orifice may be located eccentrically with respect to the tubular housing.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the first frangible element may be a glass disc.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the activation component may be a burst disc.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the first frangible element may be disposed on a beveled seat in the tubular housing.?
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the method may further include causing the fluid under the pressure to flow through a first fluid passageway of first support media in physical contact with the first frangible element. In the method, the first fluid passageway may be aligned with the first orifice, while the fluid may disintegrate the first support media until the first support media is flushed downhole by the fluid. After the first support media is removed, the method may include flushing the first frangible element downhole by the fluid, while the tubular housing may be fully opened to enable the fluid communication through the tubular housing.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the first support media may be housed in a first tapered cavity in the tubular housing, while the first support media may be correspondingly tapered to the first tapered cavity to enable detention of the first support media in the first tapered cavity.
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the method may further include causing the fluid under the pressure to impact a second frangible element in physical contact with the first frangible element. In the method, fluid may impact the second frangible element at the location of the first orifice, and the fluid may disintegrate the second frangible element until the second frangible element is flushed downhole by the fluid. After the second frangible element is removed, the method may include flushing the first frangible element downhole by the fluid, while the tubular housing may be fully opened to enable the fluid communication through the subterranean wellbore.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the second frangible element may include a second orifice that extends partially through the second frangible element, while the second orifice may be aligned with the first orifice.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the second frangible element may be a glass disc seated on a beveled seat formed in the tubular housing.
In any of the disclosed embodiments, the method may further include causing the fluid under the pressure to flow through a second fluid passageway of second support media in physical contact with the first support media, while the second fluid passageway may be in fluid communication with the first fluid passageway. Upon the fluid under the pressure flowing through the second fluid passageway, the method may include subjecting a second orifice extending partially through a second frangible element to the pressure from the fluid, where the second frangible element may be shattered and flushed downhole by the fluid. Responsive to the second frangible element being shattered, the method may include causing the fluid under pressure to disintegrate the second support media and the first support media until the second support media and the first support media are flushed downhole by the fluid. After the second support media and the first support media are removed, the method may include flushing the first frangible element downhole by the fluid, such that the tubular housing may be fully opened to enable the fluid communication through the subterranean wellbore.
In any of the disclosed embodiments of the method, the second support media may be housed in a second tapered cavity in the tubular housing, while the second support media may be correspondingly tapered to the second tapered cavity to enable detention of the second support media in the second tapered cavity, and the second tapered cavity may be tapered in an opposite orientation to the first tapered cavity.
The following detailed description is submitted with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which certain example embodiments are shown. There may, however, be other embodied forms and the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the herein disclosed embodiments. Although example embodiments of the present disclosure are explained in detail, it is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, it is not intended that the present disclosure be limited in its scope to the details of construction and arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.
Throughout this disclosure, a hyphenated form of a reference numeral refers to a specific instance of an element and the un-hyphenated form of the reference numeral refers to the element generically or collectively. Thus, as an example (not shown in the drawings), device “12-1” refers to an instance of a device class, which may be referred to collectively as devices “12” and any one of which may be referred to generically as a device “12”. In the figures and the description, like numerals are intended to represent like elements.
It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Moreover, titles or subtitles may be used in this specification for the convenience of a reader, which have no influence on the scope of the present disclosure.
By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” is meant that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, materials, particles, method steps, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps have the same function as what is named.
In describing example embodiments, terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. It is intended that each term contemplates its broadest meaning and includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose. Where a tool, component, or direction is referred to as “uphole,” the term refers to a direction along the course of the wellbore that leads to the surface, and “downhole” refers to a direction along the course of the wellbore that leads to the end of the wellbore furthest from the surface. These terms retain the same meaning, even if the wellbore is highly deviated, or horizontal.
In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof and that show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments or examples. In referring to the drawings, like numerals represent like elements throughout the several figures.
When joined together, the first and second tubular components 101 and 103 can form a cavity having a first recess 105 configured to hold a frangible element 106. In this embodiment, the frangible element 106 has an orifice 107 passing through the frangible element 106.
The first and second tubular components 101 and 103 can also form a second cavity 108 configured to hold a support media 109. The second cavity 108 can be configured to hold the support media 107 by being tapered, as depicted in
The frangible element 106 can be made from a frangible material such that, in the absence of the support media 109, the frangible element 106 breaks into pieces, allowing fluid communication between the fluid passageways between the first and second tubular components 101 and 103. In some embodiments, the frangible material can be glass, ceramics, polymers, or other similar materials. In some embodiments, the frangible material can be configured such that, when it breaks, it breaks into small pieces capable of being circulated out of the wellbore, such as a glass disc having a high internal tension, or a component having pre-scored lines or other indentations to facilitate fragmenting into small pieces. The frangible element 106 is intended to break, or in other words, for at least one fracture to be initiated in the frangible element. In embodiments, this fracture is intended to cause at least a portion of the frangible element 106 to separate and be flushed into the wellbore, allowing fluid to pass through the tubular housing.
The support media 109 can be made from any material capable of being eroded or dissolved by fluid flow through fluid passageway 110. Examples of materials that support media may be comprised of include salt (such as NaCl), hard-pressed sand, magnesium, and other materials capable of dissolution or erosion.
To use plug 100, the plug 100 is installed in a tool string, such as a casing string, drill string, or other similar string of tubulars. The plug 100 provides isolation between the first and second fluid passageways 102 and 104 on either side of the frangible element 106. When the operator wishes to open the plug 100, additional pressure is applied to the uphole surface of frangible element 106 such that the activation component 111 is activated. When the activation component 111 is activated, fluid from the uphole end of the plug 100 is allowed to pass through the orifice 107 to the downhole end of the plug 100. This rapid flow of fluid also passes through fluid passageway 110 through support media 109, and causes the support media 109 to erode and/or dissolve, as depicted in
Plug 400 is comprised of a sleeve 402 that may be inserted between a first tubular component 101 and a second tubular component 403. The first tubular component 101 and second tubular component 403 are joined together on either end of the sleeve 402 to create the outer casing of the plug 400. In a similar manner as mounted within the tubular component 103 shown in
Further in the embodiment shown in
When joined together at the uphole end of sleeve 402, the first tubular component 101 and sleeve 402 can form a first cavity having a first recess 405-1 configured to hold the first frangible element 406-1. When joined together at the downhole end of sleeve 402, the second tubular component 403 and sleeve 402 can also form a second cavity having a second recess 405-2 configured to hold the second frangible element 406-2. Similar to plug 300 shown in
As an alternative, plug 800 adds a conformal layer 814 of material between the first and second frangible elements 306, 706 that can prevent the formation of point loads, and assists in spreading the load applied to the first frangible element across the entire surface of the second frangible element. The presence of the conformal layer 814 can also increase the total strength of the assembly of the first and second frangible elements 306, 706 to resist pressure, and can increase the consistency of that strength by accommodating manufacturing variation in the contact areas between the first and second frangible elements 306, 706. The conformal layer 814 of material can be conformal such that it substantially fills in the space between the first and second frangible elements. The conformal layer 814 can be made of a single sheet of material or molded component inserted between the two, or can be made of a ductile substance compressed between the first and second frangible elements 306, 706, among other embodiments. This conformal layer 814 can be made of a dissolvable or erodible material, such that, when the plug 800 is opened, the conformal layer 814 is also cleared from the opened plug 800. Conformal layer 814 can be added or used with any plug in accordance with this disclosure where two frangible elements are adjacent or where loads must be transferred from one frangible element to another frangible element.
The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. Modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the appended claims. Additionally, variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected from the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.
Claims
1. A plug assembly for opening a subterranean wellbore, the plug assembly comprising:
- a tubular housing having an uphole end and a downhole end and configured for internal fluid communication from the uphole end to the downhole end;
- a first frangible element disposed in the tubular housing, the first frangible element having a first orifice in an uphole side of the first frangible element, wherein the first orifice extends at least partially through the first frangible element; and
- an activation component configured for sealing the first orifice and located at the uphole side of the first frangible element, wherein the activation component initially seals the first orifice to prevent fluid communication from the uphole side of the first frangible element with the first orifice, and wherein, after the activation component is activated, the activation component enables fluid communication from the uphole side of the first frangible element with the first orifice.
2. The plug assembly of claim 1, wherein the first frangible element is a glass disc.
3. The plug assembly of claim 1, wherein the first orifice extends completely through the first frangible element.
4. The plug assembly of claim 1, wherein the first orifice is located off-center of the first frangible element.
5. The plug assembly of claim 1, wherein the activation component is a burst disc.
6. The plug assembly of claim 1, wherein the first frangible element is disposed on a beveled seat in the tubular housing.
7. The plug assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
- first support media located in the tubular housing downhole from the first frangible element, wherein an uphole side of the first support media is in physical contact with a downhole side of the first frangible element, wherein the first support media further comprises a first fluid passageway through the first support media, and wherein the first support media is configured for disintegrating when a fluid passes through the first fluid passageway.
8. The plug assembly of claim 7, wherein the first support media is housed in a first tapered cavity in the tubular housing, and wherein the first support media is correspondingly tapered to the first tapered cavity to enable detention of the first support media in the first tapered cavity.
9. The plug assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
- a second frangible element located on a beveled seat formed in the tubular housing, wherein the second frangible element is in physical contact with a downhole surface of the first frangible element.
10. The plug assembly of claim 9, wherein the second frangible element comprises a second orifice that extends partially through the second frangible element.
11. The plug assembly of claim 10, wherein the second orifice is aligned with the first orifice.
12. The plug assembly of claim 9, wherein the second frangible element comprises a glass disc.
13. The plug assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
- a conformal layer located between the first frangible element and the second frangible element, wherein the conformal layer maintains physical contact with both the first frangible element and the second frangible element.
14. The plug assembly of claim 8, further comprising:
- second support media located in the tubular housing downhole from the first support media, wherein an uphole side of the second support media is in physical contact with a downhole side of the first support media; and
- a third frangible element located in the tubular housing and enabled to seal the tubular housing to prevent the internal fluid communication, the third frangible element having a third orifice in an uphole side of the third frangible element, wherein the third orifice extends partially through the third frangible element, and wherein an uphole side of the third frangible element is in physical contact with a downhole side of the second support media.
15. The plug assembly of claim 14, wherein the second support media is housed in a second tapered cavity in the tubular housing, wherein the second support media is correspondingly tapered to the second tapered cavity to enable detention of the second support media in the second tapered cavity, and wherein the second tapered cavity is tapered in an opposite orientation to the first tapered cavity.
16. A method of enabling fluid communication through a subterranean wellbore using a plug assembly, the method comprising:
- after installing a plug assembly in a subterranean wellbore, the plug assembly being installed in an initial condition that seals the subterranean wellbore to prevent fluid communication through the subterranean wellbore, the method further comprising: responsive to an increase in pressure of a fluid above a threshold pressure value at an uphole side of the plug assembly, activating an activation component located in a tubular housing of the plug assembly, the tubular housing enabling fluid communication with the fluid and the activation component; upon activating the activation component, subjecting a first orifice extending at least partially through a first frangible element to the pressure from the fluid, wherein prior to the activating, the activation component is configured to seal the first orifice from the fluid; and responsive to the pressure of the fluid impacting the first orifice, causing the fluid to penetrate the first frangible element at the first orifice, wherein the first frangible element is shattered.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the activation component and the first orifice are centered on the tubular housing.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the activation component and the first orifice are located eccentrically with respect to the tubular housing.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first frangible element is a glass disc.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the activation component is a burst disc.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein the first frangible element is disposed on a beveled seat in the tubular housing.
22. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
- causing the fluid under the pressure to flow through a first fluid passageway of first support media in physical contact with the first frangible element, wherein the first fluid passageway is aligned with the first orifice, and wherein the fluid disintegrates the first support media until the first support media is flushed downhole by the fluid; and
- after the first support media is removed, flushing the first frangible element downhole by the fluid, wherein the tubular housing is fully opened to enable the fluid communication through the tubular housing.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first support media is housed in a first tapered cavity in the tubular housing, and wherein the first support media is correspondingly tapered to the first tapered cavity to enable detention of the first support media in the first tapered cavity.
24. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
- causing the fluid under the pressure to impact a second frangible element in physical contact with the first frangible element, wherein the fluid impacts the second frangible element at the location of the first orifice, and wherein the fluid disintegrates the second frangible element until the second frangible element is flushed downhole by the fluid; and
- after the second frangible element is removed, flushing the first frangible element downhole by the fluid, wherein the tubular housing is fully opened to enable the fluid communication through the subterranean wellbore.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the second frangible element includes a second orifice that extends partially through the second frangible element, wherein the second orifice is aligned with the first orifice.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein the second frangible element is a glass disc seated on a beveled seat formed in the tubular housing.
27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
- causing the fluid under the pressure to flow through a second fluid passageway of second support media in physical contact with the first support media, wherein the second fluid passageway is in fluid communication with the first fluid passageway;
- upon the fluid under the pressure flowing through the second fluid passageway, subjecting a second orifice extending partially through a second frangible element to the pressure from the fluid, wherein the second frangible element is shattered and flushed downhole by the fluid;
- responsive to the second frangible element being shattered, causing the fluid under pressure to disintegrate the second support media and the first support media until the second support media and the first support media are flushed downhole by the fluid; and
- after the second support media and the first support media are removed, flushing the first frangible element downhole by the fluid, wherein the tubular housing is fully opened to enable the fluid communication through the subterranean wellbore.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the second support media is housed in a second tapered cavity in the tubular housing, wherein the second support media is correspondingly tapered to the second tapered cavity to enable detention of the second support media in the second tapered cavity, and wherein the second tapered cavity is tapered in an opposite orientation to the first tapered cavity.
Type: Application
Filed: Jan 25, 2022
Publication Date: Jul 28, 2022
Inventors: Viggo Brandsdal (Ytre Arna), Geir Valestrand Aasheim (Ytre Arna)
Application Number: 17/648,912