STIRRER ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF MAINTAINING A LIQUID FORMULATION IN A MIXED CONDITION
A stirrer assembly for use with a vessel, such as a keg, having an access opening. The vessel includes a cover that is adapted to close the access opening and has a through-hole therein. A stirrer assembly is adapted to releasably engage the through-hole and to be engaged by a motor. The stirrer assembly includes a driven shaft that extends in to a lower portion of the vessel with a paddle releasably mounted at a distal portion of the driven shaft.
The present application is a continuation-in-part of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/IB2021/060419 filed Nov. 10, 2021, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Pat. Application Seri. No. 63/136,399 filed Jan. 12, 2021, the disclosures of which are hereby collectively incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention is directed to a stirrer assembly and method for maintaining beverage ingredients or other liquid in a mixed condition and, in particular, to a stirrer for use with a vessel, such as a keg, including a keg with a Cornelius or Racetrack style opening, collectively referred to as a Cornelius keg. Cornelius and Racetrack kegs are similar in design but have slightly different cover geometry. In vessels, such as kegs, pressurized gas is applied to an inlet port to dispense the fluid contained in the keg from an outlet port. Proper sealing is required to allow for the mixed fluid contents to be dispensed properly from the outlet port. Loss of dispensing gas should be minimized for financial and aesthetic reasons, as well as for an undesirable modification of the fluid contents when the gas plays a role in the end-use fluid product, such as carbonation in a beverage.
Bars and beverage establishments that serve high volumes of any given type of cocktail or other type of beverage that contains a heterogeneous mixture of ingredients can significantly increase their throughput and therefore profit if they can pre-mix kegs of that mixture. Stirring is important for recipes that contain ingredients that may be prone to separate, such as unfiltered fruit or vegetable juices, bitters, herbals powders, emulsions or other non-soluble flavors, color or textural components. Failure to keep these ingredients uniformly in suspension gives both an inferior dispensed product and also may be illegal in some states as the bartender cannot verify how much alcohol is in the final drink. There are states that require bars to shake or otherwise agitate a keg before they serve from it to solve this problem. Since many kegs are not easily accessible when dispensing, this requirement is impractical. These solutions have their respective deficiencies.
Cornelius kegs are also commonly used as tanks where small batches of non-beverage liquids, such as emulsions and suspensions, in un-agitated containers need to be mixed before dispensing. Magnetic stirrers, such as lab stirrers, expensive custom vessels, and modified drop tubes that bubble the keg using pressurized gas propellant as fluid is drawn out have been used. Lab stirrers require specially designed nonstandard kegs and an expensive and bulky power unit. Custom vessels with built-in agitation are expensive and can be difficult to clean. The agitation provided by bubbling may not provide enough mixing energy to completely agitate the mixture. Further, while the present disclosure is directed to stirrers for kegs, the stirrers described herein can be used in other vessels where mixing is desirable, such as agricultural applications.
SUMMARYThe stirrer assembly disclosed herein solves deficiencies using alternative solutions to those noted above with a simple, sanitary and robust solution that is compatible to existing vessels. The present disclosure provides a stirrer assembly and method of maintaining a liquid formulation in a mixed condition wherein the stirrer assembly mounts in the vessel cover, and not the wall of the vessel. It can be manually removed prior to removing the cover so that the stirring shaft does not create an obstacle to opening and removing the cover. The parts can be easily separated for cleaning.
In one form, the vessel is pressurized, and the cover is configured to maintain the pressurization of the vessel. For example, the vessel may comprise a keg.
Embodiments of the disclosure have many advantages. It is intrinsically safe: if the cover fails, the vessel just depressurizes. In the case of a keg, prior modified kegs come at a very high cost, and if the modification fails, the keg could potentially rupture thereby causing property damage. Also, some embodiments can operate on low power, such as 12 volt or 24 volt direct current. The stirrer assemblies can be added to any Cornelius style keg from 2 to 15 gallons by simply using a different length shaft. In one embodiment, the stirrer assembly uses a modified cover, which is fully interchangeable with all Cornelius style kegs. It can be disassembled in seconds, so it adds virtually no complication to keg management. It can be swapped to the next full keg in seconds, so the number of stirrers needed is only 1 per active keg.
In one embodiment, a stirrer assembly for use with a keg, includes stirrer and a cover that is adapted to close the top of the keg. The cover has a through-hole therein through which the stirrer assembly extends into the keg. The stirrer assembly is adapted to releasably engage the through-hole of the cover and includes a motor drive shaft that extends to a lower portion of the keg and has at least one paddle at a distal portion of the shaft for stirring the liquid mixture in the keg.
The stirrer assembly may engage the through-hole with mated threaded connection. One or more seals may be provided at the mated threaded connection. At least one paddle may be pivotally mounted to the shaft of the stirrer assembly. The at least one paddle may have a foil shaped surface that when rotated in the liquid causes the paddle to pivot into an orientation generally perpendicular to the shaft. The shaft may be releasably coupled to a motor via a socket on the motor or the shaft and a mating hub on the other of the motor and shaft. For example, the stirrer assembly may include a coupling on the shaft, which forms the socket to be engaged by the motor shaft. A removable pin may be provided that is adapted to maintain the engagement between the motor and the stirrer assembly shaft.
A method of maintaining a liquid formulation in a mixed condition, the formulation comprising a liquid and a substance that is prone to separation from the liquid, according to an aspect of the invention, includes providing the formulation in a keg having cylindrical walls defining an access opening and closing the access opening with a cover having a through-hole therein. A stirrer is positioned in the through-hole with the cover closing the access opening. The stirrer has a motor with a driven shaft extending to a lower portion of the keg and a paddle at a distal portion of said shaft extension. At least occasionally the stirrer is operated in order to maintain the substance mixed with the liquid.
In one form, the keg is pressurized, and the cover is configured to maintain the pressurization of the keg.
The keg may be replenished by withdrawing the stirrer and removing the cover. The stirrer may engage with said through-hole with a mated threaded connection. The motor assembly may be manually rotated to disengage and reengage the mated threaded connection. Also, the motor assembly may be configured to be separated from the shaft and the motor assembly moved to another stirrer on a different keg. This allows the keg to be supplied with a preinstalled stirrer assembly without a motor assembly. A keg could then be interchanged without requiring an additional motor assembly.
The liquid formulation may be an alcoholic beverage, tea mixtures and the like for dispensing to patrons. The method may be used in a variety of industrial settings, such as research laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturers, agricultural applications, and the like.
These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of this invention will become apparent upon review of the following specification in conjunction with the drawings.
Referring to
Keg 12 includes a cylindrical wall 20, a bottom wall 20a, and an upper wall 20b, which together form a vessel. Upper wall 20b includes an access opening 22, which is closed and sealed by a removable cover 16, which is configured to close access opening 22 in a manner that allows the interior of the keg to be pressurized. Stirrer assembly 14 is removably mounted in cover 16 and includes a stirrer 18 that is driven by an electric motor assembly 30.
To mount stirrer assembly 14 in cover 16, cover 16 includes a through-hole 24 that is configured to receive stirrer 18 there-through and to sealing engage the stirrer 18 with a threaded connection 26 and one or more seals 27. Threaded connection 26 includes mating threads on the stirrer 18 and the cover 16, and seal(s) 27 are O-rings. Stacked V-shaped packing seals 28 are also provided to prevent pressurized gas from escaping around stirrer shaft 32, and a threaded nut 54 allows the packing to be tightened to prevent leakage around the shaft.
Electric motor assembly 30 in the illustrated embodiment is a 12 or 24 volt stepper motor or brushless DC motor 33 having an output shaft 31. The motor 33 and a speed controller 35 are sealed within a waterproof housing 29. Other types of electric motors would be apparent to the skilled artisan, such as an AC fixed speed gear-motor or the like. A socket 44 attached to housing 29 engages a coupler on the stirrer 18, such as a hub 46, provided at the top of the stirrer 18. Socket 44 also forms a motor coupling 48 for engaging the shaft 32 of stirrer 18. The engagement between socket 44 and hub 46 aligns motor coupling 48 with shaft 32 to transmit torque between the motor 33 and the stirrer 18. Socket 44, however, still allows the stirrer 18 to be separated from the electric motor assembly 30 for cleaning of the stirrer 18, as best seen in
Since stirrer assembly 14 can be used with a variety of sized kegs, stirrer shaft 32 may be provided in various lengths to match the keg in which it will be used. Alternatively, stirrer shaft 32 may have a shaft extension (not shown) which extends toward the lower portion of the interior of keg 12. If one is provided, the shaft extension is coupled to stirrer shaft 32 with a coupling (not shown). Stirrer shaft 32 extends to the lower portion of the interior of keg 12 at which one or more paddles 34 is attached to the shaft. Keg 12 includes a conventional dispensing valve 38 and a tube 52 which extends from dispensing valve 38 to the bottom of keg 12. Dispensing valve 38 opens when a mating fitting (not shown, such is typically connected with a dispensing hose) is connected to it. In order to provide clearance between tube 52 and paddles 34, through-hole 24 is offset from the center of oval-shaped cover 16 to provide spacing between paddles 34 and tube 52. A bale (not shown) is joined to cover 16 by brackets 40 and holds cover 16 securely over access opening 22. Through-hole 24 is also offset on cover 16 to avoid interference of the bale motion when engaging and disengaging the cover seal on the keg. Paddles 34 are pivotally mounted to the stirrer shaft in order to reduce the diameter of the stirrer when the stirrer passes through through-hole 24 for insertion or removal of the stirrer assembly to or from the keg. Each paddle 34 has a foil shaped surface 36 that produces hydrodynamic forces to pivot the paddles to an orientation generally perpendicular to the shaft where it extends to a wider mixing diameter for more effective mixing. Each paddle 34 is made from a flexible material so that it will break away for safety and not damage the drop-tube or vice versa if it interferes with the tube other or other internal structure. The bale may be slightly modified so that the bale does not interfere with motor assembly 30 or stirrer assembly 14.
In use, motor 33 is occasionally operated by an electronic control (not shown) such as when a cocktail is ready to be poured or according to some regular interval, or the like. When the cocktail mix is depleted, stirrer assembly 14 is removed from cover 16 by operating threaded connection 26 and pulling the stirrer 18 out of through-hole 24. Conveniently, motor assembly 30 can be used as a wrench for unthreading and rethreading of the threaded connection 26. Cover 16 can be then removed and the keg cleaned and replenished, or a new pre-mixed keg installed. Cover 16 is then replaced and stirrer assembly 14 reattached to the cover by inserting stirrer 18 in through-hole 24 and threading threaded connection 26. Removal of the stirrer assembly allows the shaft or its extension of sufficient length to fully agitate the keg contents. Were the stirrer assembly to not be removable, it would not be feasible to have a sufficiently long stirrer to open the cover 16 without interference between the shaft and portions of the keg such as the drop-tube or other interior portions of the keg. Once the stirrer assembly 14 is removed from the keg, stirrer 18 can be removed from motor assembly 30 by removing U-shaped pin 50 and separating attachment hub 46 from attachment socket 44 as seen in
Alternatively, motor assembly 30 may be removed by removing U-shaped pin 50 without extracting stirrer 18 from cover 16. Motor assembly 30 may then be applied to another keg with another cover 16 and stirrer 18 installed. This would allow a user to leave a motor assembly 30 in use while changing an existing keg with a new, filled one without having to open the keg at the point of use.
Cover 16 is removed from keg 12 by a compound motion that involves slanting of the cover with respect to the keg. Such motion would not be practical with stirrer 18 in its use position since the length of the stirrer to proximate the bottom of the keg would make avoiding contact with keg wall 20 impractical. By providing for removal of the stirrer assembly before removal of the keg cover and reinserting after the keg cover is replaced, embodiments of the present invention avoid such interference.
Referring to
Similar to keg 12, keg 112 includes a cylindrical wall 120, a bottom wall 120a, and an upper wall 120b, which together form a vessel. Upper wall 120b includes an access opening 122 (
Stirrer assembly 114 is similarly removably mounted in cover 116 and includes a stirrer 118 that is driven by an electric motor assembly 130 and supported in cover 116 by a hub 146, described more fully below. Keg 112 also includes a conventional dispensing valve 138 and a tube 152, which extends from dispensing valve 138 to the bottom of keg 112. In order to provide clearance between tube 152 and stirrer assembly 114, stirrer assembly 114 is offset from the center of oval-shaped cover 116 and further titled in cover 116, as will be more fully described below.
To mount stirrer assembly 114 in cover 116, cover 116 includes a through-hole 116a with a bushing 124 located in the through-hole 116a (
Similar to the previous embodiment, cover 116 is oval, and passageway 124a of bushing 124 is offset from the center of oval-shaped cover 116 to provide spacing between stirrer shaft 132, and paddles 134, and tube 152. Further as will be more fully described below, bushing 124 is configured to tilt stirrer assembly 114, and hence stirrer 118, to provide additional space and offset of stirrer 118 and its paddles 134 from tube 152, as well as wall 120.
Optionally, after stirrer assembly 114 is removed, a plug may be provided to fill the passageway 124a in the bushing 124. For example, referring to
Bushing 124 may be formed from a generally cylindrical body with an annular flange 124b, which is welded to or formed in cover 116, and includes a threaded portion for forming the threaded connection 126. The threaded connection 126 between bushing 124 and stirrer assembly 114 is provided between a hub 146, which is mounted to the upper end of stirrer shaft 132, and bushing 124. Further, as noted and more fully described below, bushing 124 is configured to tilt stirrer assembly 114 so that longitudinal axis 114a of stirrer assembly 114 and mixing paddles 134 are angled relative to the central axis 112a of keg 112 at least in one plane (see
Similar to paddles 34, paddles 134 are pivotally mounted to the stirrer shaft 132 in order to reduce the diameter of the stirrer 18 when the stirrer 18 passes through passageway 124a for insertion or removal of the stirrer assembly 14 to or from the keg. Hub 146 comprises a cylindrical body with a through passageway 146a to receive stirrer shaft 132 and is configured to allow rotation of stirrer shaft 132 therein, for example, using upper and lower bearings 146b and 146c, respectively. To retain stirrer shaft 132 in hub 146, an upper bearing 146b is mounted about stirrer shaft 132 and is captured between retaining ring 146e mounted to stirrer shaft 132 and retaining ring 146d mounted to hub 146. Similarly, a lower bearing 146c is mounted about stirrer shaft 132 and captured between retaining ring 146f mounted to stirrer shaft 132 and shoulder 146g formed in hub 146. In this manner, stirrer shaft 132 is free to rotate in hub 146 but is axially restrained in hub 146. The upper bearing 146b may provide an angular contact bearing to support the vertical force on the stirrer shaft 132 from gas pressure in the keg. Upper bearing 146b may also provide radial load support. The lower bearing 146c may be standard radial load bearings.
To seal stirrer shaft 132 in hub 146, upper and low annular seals 128, such as upper and lower annular lip seals, are mounted to hub 146. For example, when using lip seals, the seals may be held in place by snap fit connections with annular grooves 146h formed on the inside of hub 146. The lip seals may then be sealed against hub 146 by O-ring seals 146i located in annular groves formed in the lip seals, with the annular lips of the lip seals sealingly engaging stirrer shaft 132 to thereby seal stirrer shaft 132 in hub 146.
Optionally, hub 146 may have a hole 146k (
To reduce seal wear, optionally the interface may be lubricated and/or coated, to reduce friction. The type of lubricant or coating can vary and will depend on the application. For example, hard coatings, such as diamond, nickel, titanium or gold coatings may be used in some applications. For beverages, the lubricant or coating must be food grade and FDA approved. Optionally, the shaft may be polished, including by electronic polishing, “passivation”, or other conventional method. Further, the material of the shaft may be selected to reduce or control friction-for example, a suitable material includes a ceramic, carbon fiber, a composite, such fiberglass, or plastic. In one form, a wear sleeve may be interposed between the shaft and the seals. In the case a wear sleeve is implemented, the stirrer shaft 132 may either be press-fit or have another set of O-rings or other mechanical seal to fully seal between the stirrer shaft 132 and the sleeve.
As noted above, bushing 124 is configured to tilt stirrer assembly 114 in keg 112. As best seen in
Or stated in another way-the external geometry of bushing 124 presents a circular boss 125 (
For example, passageway 124a may be offset relative to normal axis 124f at an angle in a range of about 0.5 degrees to 6 degrees, or optionally about 1.0 degree to 5 degrees, or about 4 degrees to 4.5 degrees, to offset stirrer 114 in keg by the same tilt angle or angular offset and, thus, locating paddles 134 in a region in keg 112 that is offset form the keg’s longitudinal axis 112a. In this manner, the paddles can avoid interference with tube 152 and also the wall 120 of keg 112. Additionally, it should be noted that when the keg is pressurized and the upper wall 120b tends to distort, so the in-operation angular offset may decrease.
Bushing 124 may be a monolithic metal (such as stainless steel) body that is machined with the described geometry-but it should be understood bushing 124 could be formed from multiple components (which are then joined together, e.g. by welding or threading) and/or cast or otherwise molded, such as blow molding, from a moldable material into its desired shape, especially when formed from a plastic material. Further, it should be understood that its shape or the angle of internal axis 124d relative to normal axis 124f may vary from vessel to vessel.
As best seen in
It should be understood that the depth of the tip (of stirrer 114) and angle of the stirrer can be modified depending on the shape of the tube. The shaft length and angle (as set by bushing 124) are typically locked-in during manufacturing. However, the position of the blades can be set by the end-user. During the design process, factors including the shape of the tube, size of the keg (or other vessel), or other potential interferences play roles in determining shaft length, angle, blade length, and expected blade mounting position.
Additionally, by being offset in the keg, the paddles induce mixing that results in the return liquid forming a return path on the other side of the keg. The position of the blades (low in the keg) with the angled shaft (towards one side of the keg) creates a circular flow of the mixed fluid. The flow passes downward through the blades, washes across the bottom of the keg (where the tip of the tube is), upwards on the opposite side of the blades in the keg and returns downward towards the blades. This circular flow (especially the washing effect across the lowest part of the keg), ensures the fluid is continually mixed homogenously.
As best seen in
Paddles 134 each include tabs 134a with openings that receive arm 135b there through and mount paddles 134 to arm 135b on opposed sides of the stirrer shaft 132. In this manner, paddles 134 are able to freely swing so that they can pivot up and down due to the fluid forces on the paddles as stirrer shaft 132 is rotated by motor 130. For further details of the paddles not mentioned herein, reference is made to the first embodiment. Optionally any of the paddles described herein may be formed from plastic or another material that is less dense than the liquid to be mixed so the paddles rise up, as noted, when rotated due to the liquid forces on the hydrofoil shape of the paddles.
Optionally, stirrer shaft 132 includes multiple transverse holes 132b to allow the height of paddles to be adjusted to accommodate different size kegs, for example. In this manner, paddles 134 can be quickly and easily removed, and then cleaned and replaced on stirrer shaft 132 by simply unclipping bracket 135 from the stirrer shaft 132 and then pulling the arm 135b from the transverse hole 132b. Further, given that tubes may vary where they bend or curve inwardly (at their lower end), the space between any given tube and the central portion of the keg may vary. Consequently, the paddle locations may vary for each keg depending on where the tube is located and where it bends, and further how far into the center of the keg the tube extends.
Similar to the previous embodiment, electric motor assembly 130 may comprise a stepper motor 130a (
As best seen in
To secure the socket 144 and hub 146 together along the longitudinal axis 114a of stirrer assembly 114, motor assembly 130 may include a U-shaped pin 150, similar to pin 50, and which may form a clip to couple socket 144 and hub 146 together when cover 116 is mounted to upper wall 120b of keg 120. U-shaped pin 150 extends through through-holes 144a formed in socket 144 to engage recesses 146j formed on hub 146. For further details of motor assembly 130 (and its motor controller) reference is made to the motor assembly 30 of the first embodiment.
For details of how keg assembly 110 can be used and disassembled for cleaning, reference is made to the description of the first embodiment.
It should be understood that the parts and components described herein made be formed from metal, such as stainless steel, or plastic or a composite material, as noted above, depending on this application and life expectancy.
Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the principles of the present invention which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims, as interpreted according to the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents.
Claims
1. A stirrer assembly for use with a vessel, the vessel having an access opening, said stirrer assembly comprising:
- a cover that is adapted to close the access opening and having a through-hole therein; and
- a stirrer assembly that is adapted to removably engage said through-hole, said stirrer assembly having a shaft adapted to be driven by a motor, and said shaft extending to a lower portion of the vessel and having at least one paddle at a distal portion of said shaft.
2. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said stirrer assembly engages said through-hole with mated threaded connection.
3. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said stirrer assembly is for use with a pressurized vessel, and said stirrer assembly further comprises a seal at said mated threaded connection to maintain pressure in the pressurized vessel when mounted in the pressurized vessel.
4. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one paddle is pivotally mounted to said shaft and is movable between a non-operative position where said paddle can be passed through said through-hole and an operative position for stirring a liquid in the vessel.
5. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least one paddle defines a foil shaped surface that is adapted to pivot said at least one paddle into an orientation generally perpendicular to said shaft in response to rotation of said shaft.
6. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a hub mounted to said driven shaft to align the stirrer with the motor shaft.
7. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 6, further in combination with a motor having a motor shaft, the stirrer assembly including a removable pin that is adapted to maintain engagement with said motor shaft.
8. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cover is oval shaped, and wherein said through-hole is offset from a center of the cover.
9. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cover has an upper facing side and a normal axis perpendicular to said upper facing side, and said through-hole is configured to tilt said stirrer assembly relative to said normal axis.
10. The stirrer assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein said cover has a bushing forming said through-hole, said bushing having an external geometry aligned along said normal axis and an internal passageway forming said through-hole aligned along an axis angled relative to said normal axis.
11. A method of maintaining a liquid formulation in a mixed condition, the formulation comprising a liquid and a substance that is prone to separation from the liquid, said method comprising:
- providing the formula in a vessel having an access opening;
- closing the access opening with a cover having a through-hole therein;
- providing a stirrer assembly;
- positioning a stirrer assembly in said through-hole with the cover closing the access opening, said stirrer assembly having a motor driven shaft extending to a lower portion of the vessel and having a paddle at a distal portion of the motor driven shaft; and
- at least occasionally driving the motor driven shaft to maintain the substance mixed with the liquid.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 including replenishing the vessel by withdrawing the stirrer and removing the cover.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11 further comprising providing a bushing with a transverse passageway, and mounting the bushing in the cover thereby forming the though-hole in the cover with the transverse passageway.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein said providing a stirrer assembly comprises providing a stirrer assembly with a first hub with a through passageway to support and seal the motor driven shaft in the hub and to support and seal the motor driven shaft in the through-hole of the cover, further comprising providing a second hub without a through passageway, and replacing the stirrer assembly when removed from the through-hole in the cover with the second hub to form a plug in the through-hole of the cover.
15. The method as claimed in claim 11 further comprising a motor assembly for driving the motor driven shaft.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15 further including manually rotating the motor assembly to disengage the stirrer from the cover.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16 including separating the motor from the motor driven shaft and moving the motor to another stirrer on another vessel.
18. A vessel assembly comprising:
- a vessel having an access opening;
- a cover sealing said access opening, said cover having a through-hole;
- a stirrer assembly mounted in said through-hole with a threaded, sealed engagement, said stirrer assembly having a stirrer, said stirrer having a shaft extending to a lower portion of the keg and at least one paddle at a distal portion of said shaft;
- a motor to drive said shaft, wherein said shaft is adapted to be releasably coupled to said motor by a socket on one of said motor and said shaft and a mating hub on the other of said motor and said shaft.
19. The vessel assembly as claimed in claim 18, further comprising a removable pin that is adapted to maintain said socket and hub in a mated state.
20. The vessel assembly as claimed in claim 18, wherein said vessel forms a keg, such as a pressurized keg.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 22, 2023
Publication Date: Oct 19, 2023
Inventors: Kirby Adams (Eaton Rapids, MI), Mark A. Ledebuhr (Lansing, MI), Nicholas C. Tipper (Saint Johns, MI)
Application Number: 18/339,363