Sanding machine incorporating multiple sanding motions
A sanding machine includes a conveyer and a sanding assembly for sanding a workpiece by moving the sanding assembly in multiple linear and/or nonlinear motions relative to the conveyed workpiece.
This application is based upon and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/309,948, filed Aug. 2, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The following patent applications and issued patent are hereby incorporated by reference: application Ser. No. 08/993,699 filed Dec. 18, 1997; application Ser. No. 08/477,069 filed Jun. 7, 1995, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,287; application Ser. No. 08/260,360 filed Jun. 15, 1994, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,443,414; application Ser. No. 08/006,379 filed Jan. 19, 1993, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,321,913; application Ser. No. 07/787,897 filed Nov. 5, 1991, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,342; application Ser. No. 07/568,902 filed Aug. 17, 1990, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,794.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to a sanding machine. More particularly, the invention relates to a sanding machine that utilizes an abrasive surface, and that can impart multiple independent sanding motions to the abrasive surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONA sander is a machine that uses an abrasive such as sandpaper to smooth or polish a workpiece composed of wood, stone, plastic, or other such material. Typically, the abrasive is moved back and forth across the product, abrading its surface and thereby smoothing it. Different abrasives can be used to achieve different results. For example, a coarse grit abrasive is used to abrade quickly and deeply. A fine grit abrasive is used to produce the final, desired smoothness.
However, even sanding machines that use a fine grit abrasive can leave sanding patterns in the product. A sanding pattern is simply a collection of scratches in the product's surface. For wood products, cross-grain sanding patterns, or scratches running across the wood's grain can result. To remove sanding patterns, finish sanding is often done by hand with a hand-held sander or with steel wool.
The invented sander provides an alternative to hand-held finishing sanders while removing sanding patterns, by applying the abrasive to the surface to be sanded using multiple independent motions. In other words, the invented sander eliminates the need for finish sanding to be done by hand.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONSanding machine embodiments of the invention may include a conveyor, a sanding assembly, and a drive system. The conveyer carries a product into the sander for sanding. The sanding assembly may include at least one abrasive surface. The drive system is configured to impart at least two nonlinear motions relative to the product and the abrasive surface, in addition to the motion of the product being conveyed into the sander by the conveyer, so that the product may be sanded when it contacts the abrasive surface.
The advantages of the present invention will be understood more after a consideration of the drawings and the Detailed Description.
The sanding machine of the invention includes a frame, a conveyer, at least a first drive shaft that supports a brace and that causes the brace to move in a first orbit, and at least one sanding assembly that is supported by the brace and that includes an abrasive surface, where the sanding assembly incorporates at least a first drive mechanism that causes the abrasive surface to move in an additional independent motion. The brace optionally incorporates a second drive shaft that causes the brace to move in a second, independent orbit. The sanding assembly optionally incorporates additional drive mechanisms to impart additional motion to the abrasive surface or surfaces. The invented sander may also include a conveyor to feed a product toward the sanding assembly and/or a rotating brush to abrade and polish the product after it has been sanded by the abrasive surface.
For the purposes of generally showing the frame, conveyer, first drive shaft, and brace of the sander of the invention, and to indicate the action of the conveyor and the rotating brush, a sander is shown generally at 10 in
Inside of casing 12 the sander is supported by a frame 16, including a horizontal base support 18 and a plurality of vertical supports 20. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, there are three vertical supports 20 on each side of the sander.
Frame 16 also includes horizontal support plates 22, 23 and 24. Plates 22 and 23 are connected by vertical support plate 26 and plates 22 and 24 are connected by vertical support plate 28. Plates 26 and 28 are, in turn, connected to vertical supports 20 on their respective sides of the sander. A cross support 30 extends from one side of the sander to the other and connects two of the vertical supports 20.
Mounted to horizontal support plates 23 and 24, respectively, are two additional vertical supports 32 and 34. Supports 32 and 34 are positioned one on each side of the sander. Extending across the sander between supports 32 and 34 is a horizontal beam 36.
The above-described pieces of frame 16 may be welded together or joined by any known means. Of course, variations and modifications may be made to the frame depending on the desired size and configuration of the sander.
The invented sander also includes a conveyor belt assembly 40, including a conveyor belt 42 extending around rollers 44 and 46. The rollers are connected on one side by support 47 and on the other side by support 48. A plate 49, connected to supports 47 and 48, extends between rollers 44 and 46 and under the top surface of belt 42 to support the belt.
Supports 47 and 48 are mounted to screws 50 by threaded couplings 51. Screws 50 are mounted to frame 16 by bearings 52 which allow the screws to rotate. The screws are rotated by a motor 54 and a chain 56 driven by the motor which extends around toothed pulleys attached to the screws. By turning the screws 50, the conveyor belt assembly can be raised or lowered to any desired position. Alternatively, a hand operated mechanism may be used to raise and lower the conveyor assembly.
A gauge 58, shown attached to casing 12 in
Conveyor belt 42 is powered by roller 44, which in turn is rotated by a motor 60 and a chain 62 extending between the motor and the roller. Motor 60 is mounted to support 48 of the conveyor belt assembly by a mount 63. Thus, motor 60 and chain 62 rise and lower with the conveyor belt when the belt assembly is raised and lowered. Idler or tensioning gears (not shown) may be positioned between motor 60 and roller 44 to maintain the appropriate tension on chain 62. Alternatively, a belt can be used to drive roller 44. Opposed and driven pinch rollers can also be used instead of a conveyor belt. For small applications, stationary guides can be used to hand feed the invented sander. “Conveyor means” is used herein to describe all these structures.
Positioned above the conveyor belt assembly, and mounted to the frame, are several pinch rollers 64. Products placed on conveyor belt 42 are held in place by pinch rollers 64 as they are fed through the invented sander.
The invented sander also includes a brace 70, shown best in
Brace 70 is mounted to shaft 72 by bearings 76 bolted to the brace. Shaft 72 is mounted to frame 16 by bearings 78 connected to plate 23 and support 32, as shown in
A motor 80, mounted to one of the vertical supports 20, rotates shaft 72 by a chain 82 extending around a pulley 84 mounted to the motor's drive shaft and a pulley 86 mounted to the lower end of shaft 72. A pulley 90 is mounted to the upper end of shaft 72 and a similar pulley 92 is mounted to shaft 74. A chain 94 extends around pulleys 90 and 92 and an idler or tensioning gear 96 (shown in
The sander also includes a sanding assembly 100. The sander of
In a particular aspect of the invention, the sanding assembly 100 is coupled to drive shafts 72 and 74 by an additional pair of drive shafts, 102 and 104. Additional drive shafts 102 and 104 are configured to impart an additional, independent orbital motion to the sanding assembly 100.
Sanding assembly 100 is typically connected to the drive shafts 102 and 104 (when present) by standard flange mount bearings 106 which are bolted to the sanding assembly. The use of standard flange mount bearings allows for self-alignment of the shafts when they are rotated. The sander can be constructed with only one shaft supporting the sanding assembly, but the use of two or more shafts results in greater stability for the sanding assembly. Eccentric cams can be used instead of shafts 102 and 104.
Shaft 102 is shown in
A motor 116 is also connected to brace 70 by a mount 118. A timing pulley 120 is mounted to the drive shaft of the engine, a similar timing pulley 122 is mounted to the upper end of shaft 102 and a timing pulley 124 is mounted to the upper end of shaft 104. A toothed timing belt 126 extends around pulleys 120, 122 and 124 and rotates shafts 102 and 104 when motor 116 rotates pulley 120. Shafts 102 and 104, in turn, cause sanding assembly 100 to orbit or move in a circular pattern. The toothed belt and timing pulleys allow for perfect timing between shafts 102 and 104. Motor 116 is centered between pulleys 122 and 124 to eliminate the need for idlers on belt 126.
Disks 130 and 132 are mounted to the lower portions of shafts 102 and 104, respectively, to counterbalance the motion of sanding assembly 100. Weights 134 are attached to the disks and positioned opposite the step in the shaft to create the necessary counterbalance weight. Weights 134 may be made from nuts, bolts and washers and are therefore adjustable. Holes may be drilled in disks 130 and 132 to accommodate any number of bolts.
As can be understood from the structure described so far, sanding assembly 100 moves in two orbits, one created by the rotation of shafts 102 and 104 and the other created by the rotation of brace 70. This dual rotation simulates the motion of sanding by hand. Shafts 102 and 104 typically rotate at 3,000 to 12,000 revolutions per minute while shafts 72 and 74 typically rotate at approximately 200 revolutions per minute. Shafts 102 and 104 may rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction as shafts 72 and 74. Any structure capable of driving the sanding assembly and abrasive in one or more orbits may be used, such as the motor and drive shaft structure described above. As described above, the sander may alternatively be constructed so that the sanding assembly is subjected to only one orbiting motion. One orbit allows for a smaller and less expensive machine, and where the sanding assembly itself imparts additional motion or motions to the abrasive surface, one orbit may be sufficient for the requirements of the sander.
Positioned between brace 70 and platen 100 are eight stabilizers 140. As best seen in
As shown, the lower end of each stabilizer simply rests against the inner surface of sanding assembly 100. The pressure exerted by each stabilizer against sanding assembly 100 is adjusted by elevator bolts 144. There is one elevator bolt for each stabilizer. Each elevator bolt is similar to a plunger and includes a threaded stud with a flat surface attached to one end. Each bolt is threaded through a tapped hole in brace 70. As seen in
In this manner, the stabilizers are adjustable to level the sanding assembly, cause the sanding assembly to apply increased pressure at a certain point, or to compensate for wear. Additionally, the stabilizers maintain the sanding assembly level while still allowing it to move in two different orbits. In other words, because stabilizers 140 are made of rubber or synthetic rubber and are therefore partially deformable, sanding assembly 100 can remain level while moving in the orbit created by shafts 102 and 104 as well as in the orbit created by shafts 72 and 74.
The sanding assembly 100 includes a mechanism for applying an abrasive to the workpiece. The sanding assembly may incorporate a variety of configurations, including mechanisms that incorporate one or more drive mechanisms for imparting additional motion to the abrasive surface, and various methods of mounting the abrasive surface or surfaces. In every embodiment, an abrasive material is secured to the sanding assembly. “Secured” means that the abrasive's motion is completely dependent on the motion imparted by the sanding assembly. Thus, when the sanding assembly moves the abrasive also moves.
The abrasive optionally incorporates a resilient material beneath the abrasive surface, such as a foam pad. The foam is typically positioned between the platen and the abrasive to provide a soft touch to prevent the abrasive's grit from scratching into a product too deeply. Without the foam, unwanted scratches may result from products that are not perfectly flat.
In one aspect of the invention shown in
As shown in
The sanding machine may incorporate one or more sanding assemblies that may each include one or more platens, sanding belts, and/or sanding drums, in any combination, that are capable of single or multiple additional driven or non-driven sanding motions. Where the sanding assembly includes a platen, the platen is optionally an elongate platen, a platen structure, or a platen array. Where the sanding assembly includes a sanding belt, the sanding belt is optionally a wide sanding belt or a narrow sanding belt, and may be disposed on single or multiple rollers, including one or more tensioning rollers. Each sanding assembly, or plural sanding assemblies, may be utilized in the sanding machine described above instead of platen 100, and therefore impart one or more sanding motions to the product in addition to those applied by the rotation of shafts 102 and 104 and the rotation of brace 70.
For example, as shown in
Sanding assembly 1000 of
Rather than a plurality of sanding heads, the sanding assembly optionally incorporates a single sanding disk, as shown in sanding assembly 1200 of
In one aspect of the invention, sanding disk 1212 is centered on shaft 1210, such that the sanding disk rotates smoothly in a circular motion. However, in another aspect of the invention, the sanding disk is mounted to the shaft such that an eccentric motion is imparted to the sanding disk. For example, the shaft itself may incorporate a step so that rotation of the shaft results in the abrasive surface moving in an eccentric orbit. In this embodiment, the degree of eccentricity in the motion of the sanding disk is determined by the degree of offset of the step. As discussed above with respect to shaft 102 and 104, even a fraction of an inch of eccentricity results in effective orbital motion for the purposes of the invention.
Alternatively, the sanding disk may be mounted to the shaft using an alternative mechanism for imparting eccentric motion. For example, sanding disk 1300 with a central aperture 1304 is mounted on shaft 1302 in an offset position with respect to the center of the disk. An eccentric plug 1306 fills the central aperture 1304 with a hole to accommodate shaft 1302. A key 1308 locks the plug in position relative to shaft 1302, but a bearing race 1310 with ball bearings 1312 permit plug 1306 to rotate freely within the central aperture 1304. Rotation of shaft 1302 produces an eccentric orbit of the disk around the shaft, while the bearing race 1310 permit the disk itself to rotate freely in a non-driven manner.
Where it is desired to drive the rotation of disk 1300 as well, the sanding disk may have a second layer, as shown in
Alternatively, sanding disk 1400 may be cooperatively attached to shaft 1402 by plate 1404, as shown in
In another embodiment of the invention shown in
In an alternative to the sanding disks illustrated in
A variety of useful sanding heads may be used in combination with the sanding assemblies discussed herein. In the embodiment shown in
Alternatively, the sanding assembly may incorporate one or more sanding heads that themselves incorporate small sanding drums, as shown in
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the sanding assembly incorporates a plurality of sanding heads that include counter-rotating sanding drums, as shown in
In another embodiment, as shown in
As shown in
Sanding machines capable of driving multiple eccentric orbits using a single motor, as described above and shown in
Where the sanding assembly incorporates a sanding drum, as for the sanding assembly of
While multiple examples of sanding assemblies and sanding heads have been described, it is preferred that the sanding assembly impart an additional independent motion to the abrasive surface beyond the one or two combined orbital motions that are imparted to brace 70 by the sander of the invention.
As seen in
A vacuum 184 (shown only in
In operation conveyor belt 42 is lowered and a product such as a wood panel is placed thereon. The belt is then raised until the desired height is obtained. At this point, the wood is positioned between belt 42 and the first pinch roller 64.
The conveyor belt is then powered so that it feeds or drives the wood product toward sanding assembly 100. The area immediately beneath sanding assembly 100 may be thought of as an abrading area. As can be seen in
The wood product is then fed past sanding assembly 100 where it contacts a second pinch roller. The wood product then contacts brush 180 and any remaining scratches or streaks are removed. The remaining pinch rollers 64 are supported by a brace (not shown) that extends over the conveyor belt. Those pinch rollers hold the wood product in position as it is conveyed under brush 180. The wood is finally emitted from the sander at downstream end 172.
The wood product is abraded or sanded by relative motion between the product and the abrasive. That motion may be imparted to the abrasive, to the product or to both. For example, the abrasive may move in one or more orbits and another motion, or the abrasive may move in one or more motions while the conveyor moves the product back and forth in yet another motion. Other relative motions are possible, particularly those applied by the sanding assembly as described above, and may be imparted by a variety of independent drive mechanisms as described above. Other possible drive mechanisms include vibration systems, spinning eccentric weights to cause motions, counter balanced weights, magnet driven systems, solenoids, pneumatic or air driven systems, systems to move the conveyor belt in motions in addition to the feed motion, etc. One motion may be motor driven, while a second motion may be random. Motors may be mounted on braces that move with the sanding assembly, or they may be mounted to a non-moveable support or portion of the sander.
Where the sanding assembly is compatible with such a system, the sanders as described above may also be equipped with abrasive indexing systems. Such systems feed new abrasive into position adjacent the sanding assembly, and optionally include a feed roll adjacent to one edge of the sanding assembly and a take-up roll adjacent an opposite edge of the sanding assembly. The indexing system is optionally manually powered, or powered by a motor to index the abrasive as desired.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITYThe invented sander is applicable in any situation where sanding patterns need to be removed from products, including wood, stone, metal, or plastic products. The invented sander is especially applicable for finish sanding applications on wood products such as desk and table tops, panels, doors and cabinets.
Although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to the foregoing operational principles and preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A sander, comprising
- a frame,
- a conveyer connected to the frame and configured to convey a product in a conveying direction through the sander for sanding,
- a first drive mechanism that supports a brace and that causes the brace to move in a first nonlinear motion, and
- a rotatable sanding drum having an abrasive surface, where the sanding drum is supported by the brace adjacent to the conveyer.
2. The sander of claim 1, further comprising a second drive mechanism that causes the sanding drum to move in a second nonlinear motion that is independent of the first nonlinear motion.
3. A sander, comprising
- a frame,
- a conveyer connected to the frame and configured to convey a product in a conveying direction through the sander for sanding,
- a first drive mechanism that supports a brace and that causes the brace to move in a first nonlinear motion,
- a sanding drum having an abrasive surface, where the sanding drum is supported by the brace adjacent to the conveyer, and
- a second drive mechanism that causes the sanding drum to move in a second nonlinear motion that is independent of the first nonlinear motion.
4. The sander of claim 3, where the sanding drum is supported by the brace at an oblique angle relative to the conveyer.
5. The sander of claim 4, where the axis of rotation of the sanding drum is at an angle of between about 5 degrees and about 40 degrees from a plane orthogonal to the conveying direction.
6. The sander of claim 4, where the axis of rotation of the sanding drum is at an angle of between about 20 degrees and about 30 degrees from a plane orthogonal to the conveying direction.
7. The sander of claim 3, where the first and second nonlinear motions are eccentric orbits.
8. The sander of claim 3, where the second drive mechanism is coupled to the first drive mechanism.
9. The sander of claim 3, further comprising a rotating brush configured to abrade and polish the product after it has been sanded by the abrasive surface.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Aug 2, 2002
Date of Patent: Apr 3, 2007
Patent Publication Number: 20030124961
Inventor: Donald E. Haney (Gold Hill, OR)
Primary Examiner: Robert A. Rose
Attorney: Kolisch Hartwell, P.C.
Application Number: 10/211,927
International Classification: B24B 7/06 (20060101); B24B 7/28 (20060101);
