Optical grating coupling for interferometric waveguides in heat assisted magnetic recording heads
A heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) transducer is coupled with a laser for providing energy and has an air-bearing surface (ABS) configured to reside in proximity to a media during use. The HAMR transducer includes a write pole, at least one coil, a waveguide optically coupled with the laser and a grating. The write pole is configured to write to a region of the media. The coil(s) energize the write pole. The waveguide includes arms that have an optical path difference. The grating is optically coupled with the laser. The waveguide is optically coupled with the grating and receives light from the grating.
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This application claims priority to provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/846,704, filed on Jul. 16, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUNDThe waveguide 40 is butt-coupled to the laser 20. Stated differently, the waveguide 40 is positioned with its entrance 42 essentially at the exit at which light leaves the laser 20. The waveguide 40 directs light from the laser 20 to the waveguide exit 44 at the ABS. The NFT 32 is optically coupled with the waveguide 40. Thus, light is coupled into the NFT 32.
In operation, the light is provided from the laser 20 to the waveguide 40 via the entrance 42. The light travels toward the exit 44 and is coupled into the NFT 32. The NFT 32 utilizes resonances in surface plasmons to couple light into the media 12 at a spot size smaller than the optical diffraction limit. The coils 36 energize the pole 34 to magnetically write to a portion of the media 12 heated by the spot size at a relatively modest field. Thus, data may be written to the media 12.
Although the conventional HAMR transducer 30 functions, there are drawbacks. The laser 20 bonding of the laser 20 to the back of the slider 25 is may be difficult to do. For example, the laser 20 may be bonded to a different substrate, which is then individually bonded to the slider 25. This bonding process may take a significant amount of time and may have alignment issues between the laser 20 and entrance 42 of the waveguide 40 Throughput and yield for the fabrication process may thus be adversely affected.
Accordingly, what is needed is a HAMR transducer that may have improved fabrication.
The HAMR disk drive 100 includes media 102, a slider 110, a HAMR transducer 120 and a laser 130. Additional and/or different components may be included in the HAMR disk drive 100. The slider 110, and thus the laser 130 and HAMR transducer 120 are generally attached to a suspension (not shown). The HAMR transducer 120 is fabricated on the slider 110 and includes an air-bearing surface (ABS) proximate to the media 102 during use. Although not shown, the laser 130 may be attached to a substrate or other submount, for example for mechanical stability. Further, the laser 130 is shown as being attached to the side surface of the slider 110, which may be accomplished using wafer level bonding processes. However, in other embodiments, the laser 130 may be bonded in a different location and/or using different methods.
In general, the HAMR disk drive 100 includes a write transducer and a read transducer. However, for clarity, only the write portion (HAMR transducer 120) of the head is shown. The HAMR transducer 120 includes a waveguide 140, write pole 124, coil(s) 126 and near-field transducer (NFT) 128. In other embodiments, different and/or additional components may be used in the HAMR transducer 120. The waveguide 140 guides light to the NFT 128, which resides near the ABS. The NFT 128 utilizes local resonances in surface plasmons to focus the light to magnetic recording media 102. At resonance, the NFT 128 couples the optical energy of the surface plasmons efficiently into the recording medium layer of the media 102 with a confined optical spot which is much smaller than the optical diffraction limit. This optical spot can rapidly heat the recording medium layer to near or above the Curie point. High density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.
The waveguide 140 shown is a tapered waveguide. Thus, the waveguide 140 includes a tapered region 142 as well as a bottom region 143 near the ABS. The tapered waveguide 140 includes at least a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. The first side and the second side converge toward the ABS at least in the tapered region 142. In some embodiments other sides of the tapered waveguide may also converge. In other embodiments, the remaining sides may not converge. In the embodiment shown in
The waveguide 140 may also be an interferometric waveguide (IWG).
As shown in
In operation, the laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150. The coupling grating 150 couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140. The taper 142 of the tapered IWG 140 and, in some embodiments, a mode converter (not shown in
Use of the HAMR transducer 120 may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142 may more rapidly confine the mode propagated by the IWG 140 and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140 more stable. The coupling grating 150 may be less sensitive to misalignments of the laser 130 along the direction of the grating 150. Stated differently, in the embodiment shown, the HAMR transducer 120 allows looser tolerances for alignment of the laser 130 in the stripe height direction. Thus, processing is simplified. In addition, use of the coupling grating 150 may allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100. For example, the laser 130 may be mounted on the back surface of the slider 110. This may also enable the use of laser such as vertical surface emitting laser (VCSEL). Wafer bonding processed may thus be used to align and affix the laser 130 to the slider 110 before the wafer containing the slider 110 is cut into individual sliders. Thus, in some embodiments, the laser 130 may be mounted on the side surface of the slider 110 as shown in
In the embodiment shown, the tapered IWG 140′ has a quadratic tapered region 142′. Thus, the sides at least the cross track direction converge toward the ABS in accordance with a function having a highest power of two. In other embodiments, other functions are possible including an inverse taper may be used. In addition, an optional mode converter 149 is shown. The mode converter 149 is also tapered. However, the mode converter 149 is linearly tapered. Thus, the manner in which the mode converter 149 and the tapered section 142′ converge need not be the same. In other embodiments, the mode converter 149 and the tapered section 142 may converge in accordance with substantially the same function. However, the mode converter 149 may also be omitted. The IWG 140′ is not tapered in the down track direction shown in
The HAMR transducer 120′ operates in an analogous manner to the HAMR transducer 120. The laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150. The coupling grating 150 couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140′. The taper 142′ and mode converter 149 confine the mode propagated through the IWG 140′ to a smaller physical area. The tapered IWG 140′ directs the light toward the NFT 128, which focuses the light on to the media 102. This heats the media 102 in a small region. While the region of the media 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.
Use of the HAMR transducer 120′ may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142′ and mode converter 149 may more rapidly confine the mode propagated by the IWG 140′ and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140 more stable. The coupling grating 150 may be less sensitive to misalignments of the laser 130 along the direction of the grating 150. Thus, processing is simplified. In addition, use of the coupling grating 150 may allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120′ as well as performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be improved.
In the embodiment shown, the tapered IWG 140″ is tapered with a quadratic taper. Thus, the sides at least the cross track direction converge toward the ABS in accordance with a function having a highest power of two. In other embodiments, other functions are possible including an inverse taper may be used. In other embodiments, a mode converter (not shown) may be included. Note that the IWG 140″ is not tapered in the down track direction shown in
The coupling grating 150′ includes the grating 152 and reflector 154 analogous to the grating 152 and reflector 154 depicted in
For example,
The HAMR transducer 120″ operates in an analogous manner to the HAMR transducers 120 and/or 120′. The laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150′. The coupling grating 150′ couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140″. The taper 142″ confines the mode propagated through the IWG 140″. The tapered IWG 140″ directs the light toward the NFT 128, which focuses the light on to the media 102. This heats the media 102 in a small region. While the region of the media 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.
Use of the HAMR transducer 120″ may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142″ may more rapidly confines the mode propagated by the IWG 140″ and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140″ more stable. The coupling grating 150′ may be less sensitive to misalignments of the laser 130 along the direction of the grating 150. Thus, processing is simplified. Use of the coupling grating 150′/150″ may allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100 that may facilitate fabrication. The presence of the reflector 156/156′ in the coupling grating 150′may improve the optical efficiency of the coupling grating 150′ and, therefore the HAMR transducer 120′. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120″ as well as performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be improved.
In the embodiment shown, the coupling grating 150′″ includes the grating 152″ and reflector (not shown in
The HAMR transducer 120′″ operates in an analogous manner to the HAMR transducers 120, 120′ and/or 120″. The laser 130 emits light that is provided to the coupling grating 150′″. The coupling grating 150′″ couples in some portion of the light to the IWG 140′″. The taper 142′″ confines the mode propagated through the IWG 140′″. The tapered IWG 140′″ directs the light toward the NFT 128, which focuses the light on to the media 102. This heats the media 102 in a small region. While the region of the media 102 is heated, high density bits can be written on a high coercivity medium with the pole 124 energized by the coils 126 to a modest magnetic field.
Use of the HAMR transducer 120′″ may improve the HAMR disk drive 100. In particular, the taper 142″ may more rapidly confine the mode propagated by the IWG 140′″ and may make the mode propagated through the IWG 140′″ more stable. The coupling grating 150′″ may provide greater tolerances for laser 130 misalignment in the cross-track direction and allow for different geometries of the HAMR disk drive 100 that may facilitate fabrication. The presence of the reflector 156″ in the coupling grating 150′″ may improve the optical efficiency of the coupling grating 150′″ and, therefore the HAMR transducer 120′″. In addition, the orientation of the grating 152″ and reflector 156″ may allow for more space to fabricate the waveguide 140′″. Thus, fabrication and design of the HAMR transducer may be enhanced. Consequently, throughput and yield during fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120′″ as well as performance of the HAMR disk drive 100 may be improved.
A write pole 124 configured to write to a region of the media 102 is provided, via step 202. Step 202 typically include multiple substeps that form the pole 124. One or more write coils 126 are provided, via step 204.
A grating 150 that is to be optically coupled with the laser is provided, via step 206. Step 206 typically includes depositing and patterning the core and cladding layers for the grating 152, as well as providing the reflector(s) 154 and/or 156. A tapered interferometric waveguide 140 optically coupled with the grating 150 is provided, via step 208. Step 208 typically includes depositing cladding and core layers for the waveguide 140 and defining the waveguide (e.g. the waveguide core) 140 using photolithography. Steps 206 and 208 may be performed together. As part of steps 208 a mode converter may optionally be provided. The near field transducer 128 may also be provided, via step 210. Fabrication of the HAMR transducer 120 may then be completed, via step 212. For example, shields, other poles, a read transducer and/or other components may be formed.
Using the method 200, the transducer(s) 120, 120′, 120″ and/or 120′″ may be fabricated. Consequently, the benefits of the HAMR transducer 120/120′/120″/120′″ may be achieved.
The laser(s) 130 are aligned with transducers 120 on a wafer, via step 252. In some embodiments, the lasers are in laser bar(s). A laser bar typically includes a row of lasers on the substrate on which the lasers are fabricated. However, in other embodiments, other arrangements including but not limited to single lasers and a two-dimensional array of lasers may be used. The transducers 120 have been fabricated on the wafer and typically are formed in a two dimensional array. Because of the use of the coupling gratings 150, the alignment step 252 has greater tolerances in at least one dimension. Once the alignment has been completed, the lasers may be wafer bonded to the transducers on the substrate, via step 254.
Thus, using the method 250, the lasers 130 may be bonded to the transducers 120 and, therefore, the sliders 110. Consequently, the benefits of the transducers 120, 120′, 120″ and/or 120′″ and disk drive 100 may be achieved.
Claims
1. A heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) transducer coupled with a laser for providing energy and having an air-bearing surface (ABS) configured to reside in proximity to a media during use, the HAMR transducer comprising:
- a write pole configured to write to a region of the media;
- at least one coil for energizing the write pole;
- a grating optically coupled with the laser; and
- an interferometric waveguide (IWG) optically coupled with the grating and having a plurality of arms, the plurality of arms having an optical path difference.
2. The HAMR transducer of claim 1 wherein the IWG is a tapered interferometric waveguide (ITWG) having a tapered region including an entrance distal from the ABS, a bottom proximate to the ABS, a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, at least a portion of the first side and at least a portion of the second side converging such that the first side is closer to the second side at the bottom than at the entrance.
3. The HAMR transducer of claim 2 wherein the at least the portion of the first side and the at least the portion of the second side converge in accordance with a function having at least one term having an order greater than one.
4. The HAMR transducer of claim 1 wherein the order is at least two such that the at least one term includes a quadratic term.
5. The HAMR transducer of claim 1 wherein the grating further includes a bottom reflector.
6. The HAMR transducer of claim 5 wherein the bottom reflector includes at least one of a Bragg reflector and a mirror.
7. The HAMR transducer of claim 1 further comprising:
- a reflector, the grating residing between the reflector and the IWG.
8. The HAMR transducer of claim 7 wherein the reflector includes at least one of a Bragg reflector and a mirror.
9. The HAMR transducer of claim 7 wherein the reflector is substantially parallel to the ABS.
10. The HAMR transducer of claim 7 wherein the reflector is substantially perpendicular to the ABS.
11. The HAMR transducer of claim 1 further comprising:
- a near-field transducer (NFT), a portion of the NFT residing at the ABS, a portion of the energy from the laser traveling through the plurality of arms of the IWG forming an interference pattern at the NFT such that the NFT couples part of the portion of the energy from the grating to the media.
12. A heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) transducer coupled with a laser for providing energy and having an air-bearing surface (ABS) configured to reside in proximity to a media during use, the HAMR transducer comprising:
- a write pole configured to write to a region of the media;
- at least one coil for energizing the write pole;
- a coupling grating optically coupled with the laser, the coupling grating including an optical grating and a bottom reflector, the optical grating residing between the laser and the bottom reflector;
- a tapered interferometric waveguide (ITWG) optically coupled with the grating, the ITWG including a tapered region and a plurality of arms, the tapered region including an entrance distal from the ABS, a bottom proximate to the ABS, a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, at least a portion of the first side and at least a portion of the second side converging in accordance with a function such that first side is closer to the second side at the bottom than at the entrance, the function including a quadratic term, the plurality of arms having an optical path difference;
- a reflector, the coupling grating residing between the reflector and the ITWG; and
- a near-field transducer (NFT), a portion of the NFT residing at the ABS, a portion of the energy from the laser traveling through the plurality of arms of the ITWG forming an interference pattern at the NFT such that the NFT couples part of the portion of the energy from the grating to the media.
13. A heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive comprising:
- a media for storing data;
- a slider having an air-bearing surface (ABS) configured to reside in proximity to the media during use;
- a laser coupled with the slider for providing energy; and
- a HAMR transducer coupled with the slider and including a write pole, at least one coil, a grating, and an interferometric waveguide (IWG), the write pole being configured to write to a region of the media, the at least one coil for energizing the write pole, the grating being optically coupled with the laser, the IWG being optically coupled with the grating and having a plurality of arms, a portion of the energy from the laser being coupled into the grating, into the IWG from the grating and directed toward the ABS along each of the plurality of arms, the plurality of arms having an optical path difference.
14. A method for providing a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) transducer coupled with a laser for providing energy and having an air-bearing surface (ABS) configured to reside in proximity to a media during use, the method comprising:
- providing a write pole configured to write to a region of the media;
- providing at least one coil for energizing the write pole;
- providing a grating optically coupled with the laser; and
- providing an interferometric waveguide (IWG) optically coupled with the grating and having a plurality of arms, a portion of the energy from the laser being coupled into the grating, into the IWG from the grating and directed toward the ABS along each of the plurality of arms, the plurality of arms having an optical path difference.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the IWG is a tapered interferometric waveguide (ITWG) having a tapered region including an entrance distal from the ABS, a bottom proximate to the ABS, a first side and a second side opposite to the first side, at least a portion of the first side and at least a portion of the second side converging such that the first side is closer to the second side at the bottom than at the entrance.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the at least the portion of the first side and the at least the portion of the second side converge in accordance with a function having at least one quadratic term.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein the grating further includes a bottom reflector.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the bottom reflector includes at least one of a Bragg reflector and a mirror.
19. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
- providing a side reflector, the grating residing between the side reflector and the IWG.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the side reflector includes at least one of a Bragg reflector and a mirror.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the side reflector is substantially parallel to the ABS.
22. The method of claim 19 wherein the side reflector is substantially perpendicular to the ABS.
23. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
- providing a near-field transducer (NFT), a portion of the NFT residing at the ABS, a portion of the energy from the laser traveling through the plurality of arms of the IWG forming an interference pattern at the NFT such that the NFT couples part of the portion of the energy from the grating to the media.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Sep 25, 2013
Date of Patent: Dec 30, 2014
Assignee: Western Digital (Fremont), LLC (Fremont, CA)
Inventors: Zhong Shi (Dublin, CA), Michael L. Mallary (Sterling, MA)
Primary Examiner: Paul Huber
Application Number: 14/037,331
International Classification: G11B 11/00 (20060101);