Stability control system
Embodiments of a suspension for a vehicle is provided. The suspension includes, for example, a frame and a locking assembly. The locking assembly inhibits tipping of a frame of the vehicle when tipping of the frame is detected.
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This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 14/566,899, filed Dec. 11, 2014 titled “STABILITY CONTROL SYSTEM,” which is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 12/524,476, filed Jul. 24, 2009 titled “WHEELCHAIR WITH SUSPENSION” which is the U.S. national phase entry of PCT/US2008/053242, with an International Filing Date of Feb. 7, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/901,513 for STABILITY CONTROL SYSTEM filed Feb. 14, 2007, the entire disclosures of which are fully incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUNDWheelchairs and scooters are an important means of transportation for a significant portion of society. Whether manual or powered, these vehicles provide an important degree of independence for those they assist. However, this degree of independence can be limited if the wheelchair is required to traverse obstacles such as, for example, curbs that are commonly present at sidewalks, driveways, and other paved surface interfaces. This degree of independence can also be limited if the vehicle is required to ascend inclines or descend declines.
Most wheelchairs have front and rear casters to stabilize the chair from tipping forward or backward and to ensure that the drive wheels are always in contact with the ground. The caster wheels are typically much smaller than the driving wheels and located both forward and rearward of the drive wheels. Though this configuration provides the wheelchair with greater stability, it can hamper the wheelchair's ability to climb over obstacles such as, for example, curbs or the like, because the size of the front casters limits the height of the obstacle that can be traversed.
Though equipped with front and rear suspended casters, most mid-wheel drive wheelchairs exhibit various degrees of tipping forward or rearward when descending declines or ascending inclines. This is because the suspensions suspending the front or rear stabilizing casters are compromised so that they are not made too rigid, which would prevent tipping and also not provide much suspension, or are made too flexible thereby effectively not providing any degree of suspension or stabilization.
SUMMARYAccording to one embodiment, a suspension for a vehicle is provided. The suspension includes, for example, a stabilizing assembly. The stabilizing assembly inhibits tipping of a frame of the vehicle when tipping of the frame is detected.
In the accompanying drawings which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, embodiments of tip or stability control systems, sub-assemblies, and components are illustrated, which together with a general description given above and the detailed description given below, serve to explain the principles of tip or stability control systems, sub-assemblies and components.
The present description provides multiple embodiments of suspension systems for vehicles, such as, wheelchairs, including, but not limited to mid-wheel drive wheelchairs, scooters, and other personal mobility vehicles. The drawings illustrate the suspension systems on mid-wheel drive wheelchairs. However, the described suspensions can be implemented on any personal mobility vehicle, including scooters and rear drive wheelchairs.
The suspension systems include a tip or stability control system. Generally, the control system includes a trigger or sensor for sensing when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior, which can be either forward or rearward, and a stabilizing member or assembly that stabilizes the suspension system to prevent any further tipping behavior. The trigger or sensor also senses when the vehicle is no longer subject to conditions that may cause it to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the stabilizing member or assembly to no longer inhibit movement of the suspension system. A variety of different control system features are disclosed in the context of the following exemplary embodiments. The individual features of the following embodiments may be used alone or in combination with features of other embodiments.
One feature of some control system embodiments disclosed herein is that upward movement of one front caster is inhibited to prevent tipping only if upward movement of the other front caster is also inhibited. Another feature of some control system embodiments disclosed herein is that the relative positions of two rear casters are sensed to determine a tipping behavior. For example, a tipping behavior may be indicated only when both rear casters move downward relative to a frame.
One stabilizing member 114 is coupled to each front caster pivot arms 118a, 118b and to the frame 102. However, any number of stabilizing members 114 can be used, may take any form, and may be coupled to the front caster pivot arm and the frame in any manner that allows the stabilizing member or members to inhibit movement of one or more of the front caster pivot arms with respect to the frame in at least one direction. Examples of stabilizing members that may be used include, but are not limited to, the stabilizing members disclosed herein and the locking members disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,851,711 to Goertzen et al, United States Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0150204, and United States Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0151360 to Bertrand et al., which are all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
One trigger or sensor 112 is coupled to each of the rear caster pivot arms 120a,b in the example illustrated by
Normal operating positions of the rear casters 110a and 110b include the positions of the rear casters when the wheelchair is stationary on level ground (referred to herein as the stationary, level ground position). Normal operating positions of the rear casters 110a and 110b also include any position of the rear casters relative to the frame where the rear caster(s) are rotated as indicated by arrow 70 in
The stabilizing member, stabilizing members, or stabilizing assembly 114 or assemblies can take a wide variety of different forms. For example, the stabilizing assembly 114 may be a fluid cylinder 500 as illustrated by
The stabilizing cylinders 500, 600 illustrated by
Stabilizing members or assemblies 114 and triggers or sensors 112 may be arranged in a wide variety of different ways to inhibit further tipping when both rear casters 110a, 110b drop below the range of normal operating positions. Referring to
In the example illustrated by
In the examples illustrated by
In the example illustrated by
Referring to
Referring to
In the example illustrated by
The illustrated rear caster position sensing arrangement 1706 includes a pair of spaced apart trigger actuating members 1720a, 1720b that are coupled to the wheelchair frame 1701 at pivots 1722a, 1722b. The trigger actuating members 1720a, 1720b are connected together by a bar 1724. The biasing members 1708a, 1708b are interposed between the rear caster assemblies 1702a, 1702b and the trigger actuating members 1720a, 1720b.
The rear caster suspension 1700 and rear caster position sensing arrangement 1706 can be included on any type of wheelchair to sense a tipping behavior and control one or more stabilizing members or a stabilizing assembly to inhibit further tipping. Referring to
The illustrated rear caster position sensing arrangement 2006 includes a pair of spaced apart trigger actuating members 2020a, 2020b that are coupled to the wheelchair frame 2001 at pivots 2022a, 2022b. The elongated members 2020a, 2020b are connected together by a bar 2024. The bar 2024 extends past the pivots 2022a, 2022b for selective engagement with the stop members 2013a, 2013b. The biasing members 2008a, 2008b are interposed between the rear caster assemblies 2002a, 2002b and the trigger actuating members 2020a, 2020b.
The rear caster suspension 2000 and rear caster position sensing arrangement 2006 operate to place the sensors in the disengaged and engaged states based on the positions of the rear caster assemblies 2002a, 2002b. The rear caster suspension 2000 and rear caster position sensing arrangement 2006 limit the relative positions of the rear caster assemblies 2002a, 2002b. In one embodiment, the suspension arrangement 2000 does not include a rear caster position sensing arrangement, and the sensors 2004a, 2004b are omitted. In this embodiment, the elongated members 2020a, 2020b may be modified accordingly or replaced with a different arrangement for coupling the biasing members 2008a, 2008b to the bar 2024.
Referring to
The rear caster assembly 2302 includes a pair of casters 2310a, 2310b and a pivot arm 2312. The pivot arm 2312 includes a first member 2313 coupled to a wheelchair frame 2301 at a pivot 2316 (See
The sensors or triggers 2304a, 2304b are supported by the wheelchair frame 2301. The illustrated rear caster position sensing arrangement 2306 includes a pair of spaced apart elongated members 2319a, 2319b (See
The rear caster suspension 2300 with the rear caster position sensing arrangement 2306 can be included on any type of wheelchair to sense a tipping behavior and control one or more stabilizing members or stabilizing assemblies. Referring to
Stability systems can be used on a wide variety of vehicles. When used on wheelchairs, the wheelchairs may include front caster pivot arms of any configuration. The front caster pivot arms may be coupled to drive assemblies or the front caster pivot arms may be independent of the drive assemblies (See
A front caster pivot arm 2608 is connected to each drive assembly 2606. A front caster 2631 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 2608. The front caster 2631 is movable upwardly and downwardly as indicated by double arrow 2616 by pivotal movement of the drive 2617 about the pivotal connection 2619. Torque applied by the drive assembly 2606 urges the front caster pivot arm 2608 and the front caster 2631 upward with respect to a support surface 2633 as indicated by arrow 2635. In one embodiment, the torque applied by the drive assembly 2606 lifts the front caster 2631 off the support surface 2633. In another embodiment, the torque applied by the drive assembly 2606 urges the front caster 2631 upward, but does not lift the front caster up off of the support surface.
Rear casters 2610 are coupled to the frame 2602 such that the rear casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame. A stabilizing assembly 2614 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 2618 and to the frame 2602. However, the stabilizing assembly can take any form that allows the stabilizing assembly to inhibit tipping behavior. One or more triggers or sensors 2612 may be coupled to rear caster pivot arms 2620 to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair. However, a trigger or sensor can be arranged in any manner to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair and need not be coupled to a rear caster. The trigger or sensor 2612 senses when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the locking assembly 2614 to engage when a tipping behavior is sensed to prevent any further tipping behavior.
The drive 2617, the links 2710a, 2710b, the frame 2701, and the caster support member 2711 form a four-bar linkage. The pivotal connections 2619, 2780, 2782, 2783 can be positioned at a wide variety of different locations on the frame 2701 and the caster support member 2711 and the length of the links 2706 can be selected to define the motion of the front caster as the front caster pivot arm 2708 is pivoted.
The rear casters 2710 are coupled to the frame 2701 such that the rear casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame. A stabilizing assembly 2714 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 2718 and to the frame 2702. However, the stabilizing assembly can take any form and be coupled in any manner that allows the stabilizing assembly to inhibit tipping behavior. For example, a stabilizing assembly 2714 can be coupled to the drive 2617. One or more triggers or sensors 2712 are coupled to the rear caster pivot arms 2720 to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair. However, a trigger or sensor can be arranged in any manner to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair and need not be coupled to a rear caster. The trigger or sensor 2712 senses when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the locking assembly 2714 to engage when a tipping behavior is sensed to prevent any further tipping behavior.
In one embodiment, a biasing member, such as a spring may optionally be coupled between the frame 2801 and the front caster pivot arm 2808 and/or the frame and the drive assembly 2806 to bias the front caster into engagement with the support surface 2819 or a biasing member may be included in the stabilizing assembly 2814. The front caster pivot arm 2808 is pivotally mounted to the frame at a pivot axis 2850. The pivot axis 2850 of the front caster pivot arm 2808 is forward of the drive assembly pivot axis 2822 and below the axis of rotation 2830 of the drive wheel.
The link 2809 is connected to the drive assembly pivot arm 2820 at a pivotal connection 2851 and is connected to the front caster pivot arm 2808 at a pivotal connection 2852. The link 2809 can take a wide variety of different forms. For example, the link may be rigid, flexible, or extendible in length. The link need not comprise a linear member for example, the link may be a gear train. The link 2809 may be any mechanical arrangement that transfers at least some portion of motion in at least one direction of the drive assembly 2806 to the front caster pivot arm 2808.
When the drive assembly 2806 is accelerated such that the moment arm generated by drive wheel 2815 is greater then all other moment arms around pivot axis 2822, the drive assembly 2806 pivots and pulls the link 2809. Pulling on the link 2809 causes the front caster pivot arm 2808 to move upward or urges the pivot arm upward. When the link 2809 is a variable length link, such as a spring, a shock absorber, or a shock absorber with a spring return, the drive assembly 2806 pulls the link 2809 to extend the link to its maximum length or a length where the front caster pivot arm 2808 begins to pivot. Once extended, the link 2809 pulls the front caster pivot arm 2808 upward or urges the front caster pivot arm upward.
Rear casters 2810 are coupled to the frame 2801 such that the rear casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame. A stabilizing assembly 2814 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 2808 and to the frame 2801, to the drive assembly 2806 and the frame 2801 and/or to the link 2809 and the frame 2801. However, the stabilizing assembly can take any form and be positioned in any manner that allows the stabilizing assembly to inhibit a tipping behavior. One or more triggers or sensors 2812 are coupled to the rear caster pivot arms 2820 to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair. However, a trigger or sensor can take any form and be arranged in any manner to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair and need not be coupled to a rear caster. The trigger or sensor 2812 senses when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the locking assembly 2814 to engage when a tipping behavior is sensed to prevent any further tipping behavior.
Each drive assembly 2906 is mounted to a frame 2901 by a pivot arm 2920 at a drive assembly pivot axis 2922. The pivot arm 2920 extends forward and downward from the motor drive to the drive assembly pivot axis 2922. The pivot axis 2922 of the drive assembly pivot arm 2920 is below the drive wheel axis of rotation 2930. The front caster pivot arm 2908 is pivotally mounted to the frame at a pivot axis 2949. The pivot axis 2949 of the front caster pivot arm 2908 is rearward of the drive assembly pivot axis 2932 and below the axis of rotation 2930 of the drive wheel. As such, the front caster pivot arm 2908 and the drive assembly pivot arm 2920 are in a crossed configuration. The front caster pivot arm 2908 and the drive assembly pivot arm 2920 may be bent or may be offset to accommodate the crossed configuration.
The link 2909 is connected to the drive assembly pivot arm 2920 at a pivotal connection 2950 and is connected to the front caster pivot arm 2908 at a pivotal connection 2952. The link 2909 can take a wide variety of different forms. Any link 2909 that transfers at least some portion of motion in at least one direction of the drive assembly 2906 to the front caster pivot arm 2908 can be used.
When the drive assembly 2906 is accelerated such that the moment arm generated by a drive wheel 2915 is greater then all other moment arms around pivot axis 2922, the drive assembly 2906 pivots and pulls the link 2909. Pulling on the link 2909 causes the front caster pivot arm 2908 to move upward or urges the pivot arm upward.
Rear casters 2910 are coupled to the frame 2901 such that the rear casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame. A stabilizing assembly 2914 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 2908 and to the frame 2901, to the drive assembly 2906 and the frame 2901 and/or to the link 2909 and the frame 2901. One or more triggers or sensors 2912 are coupled to rear caster pivot arms 2920 to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair. However, a trigger or sensor can take any form and be arranged in any manner to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair and need not be coupled to a rear caster. The trigger or sensor 2912 senses when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the locking assembly 2914 to engage when a tipping behavior is sensed to prevent any further tipping behavior.
The upper link 3011a is pivotally coupled to a caster support member 3013 at a pivotal connection 3015 and is pivotally connected to the frame 3001 at a pivotal connection 3017. The lower link 3011b is pivotally coupled to the caster support member 3013 at a pivotal connection 3019 and is pivotally connected to the frame 3001 at a pivotal connection 3021.
The caster support member 3013 may be any structure that couples the links 3011a, 3011b to be coupled to a front caster 3036. The links 3011a, 3011b, the frame 3001, and the caster support member 3013 form a four-bar linkage. The pivotal connections 3015, 3017, 3019, 3021 can be positioned at a wide variety of different locations on the frame 3001 and the caster support member 3013 and the length of the links 3011a, 3011b can be selected to define the motion of the caster 3036 as the front caster pivot arm 3008 is pivoted. In the example illustrated by
Each drive assembly 3006 is mounted to the frame 3001 by a pivot arm 3020 at a drive assembly pivot axis 3022. The pivot arm 3020 extends forward and downward from the motor drive to the drive assembly pivot axis 3022. The pivot axis 3022 of the drive assembly pivot arm 3020 is below the drive wheel axis of rotation 3030 and is in front of the front caster pivot arms 3008. As such, the front caster pivot arm 3008 and the drive assembly pivot arm 3020 are in a crossed configuration. The front caster pivot arm 3008 and the drive assembly pivot arm 3020 may be bent or may be offset to accommodate the crossed configuration.
The link 3009 is connected to the drive assembly pivot arm 3020 at a pivotal connection 3050 and is connected to the front caster pivot arm 3008 at a pivotal connection 3052. The link 3009 can be connected to the upper link 3011a, or the lower link 3011b. Any link 3009 that transfers at least some portion of motion in at least one direction of the drive assembly 3006 to the front caster pivot arm 3008 can be used.
When the drive assembly 3006 is accelerated the drive assembly 3006 may pivot and pull the link 3909. Pulling on the link 3009 causes the front caster pivot arm 3008 to move upward or urges the pivot arm upward.
Rear casters 3010 are coupled to the frame 3001 such that the rear casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame. A stabilizing assembly 3014 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 3008 and to the frame 3001, to the drive assembly 3006 and the frame 3001 and/or to the link 3009 and the frame 3001. One or more triggers or sensors 3012 are coupled to rear caster pivot arms 3020 to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair. However, a trigger or sensor can take any form and can be arranged in any manner to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair and need not be coupled to a rear caster. The trigger or sensor 3012 senses when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the locking assembly 3014 to engage when a tipping behavior is sensed to inhibit further tipping behavior.
Each drive assembly 3106 is mounted to the frame 3101 by a pivot arm 3120. The pivot arm 3120 extends forward and downward from the motor drive to the common pivot axis 3122. The pivot axis 3122 is below the drive wheel axis of rotation 3130 and the axis 3132 that the front caster wheel 3136 rotates around.
The link 3109 is connected to the drive assembly pivot arm 3120 at a pivotal connection 3150 and is connected to the front caster pivot arm 3108 at a pivotal connection 3152. The link 3109 can take a wide variety of different forms. For example, the link may be rigid, flexible, or extendible in length. Any link 3109 that transfers at least some portion of motion in at least one direction of the drive assembly 3106 to the front caster pivot arm 3108 can be used.
When the drive assembly 3106 is accelerated, the drive assembly 3106 may pivot and pull on the link 3109. Pulling on the link 3109 causes the front caster pivot arm 3108 to move upward or urges the pivot arm upward.
Rear casters 3110 are coupled to the frame 3101 such that the rear casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame. A stabilizing assembly 3114 is coupled to each front caster pivot arm 3108 and to the frame 3101, to the drive assembly 3106 and the frame 3101 and/or to the link 3109 and the frame 3101. However, the stabilizing assembly can take any form and be positioned in any manner that allows the stabilizing assembly to inhibit tipping behavior. One or more triggers or sensors 3112 are coupled to the rear caster pivot arms 3110 to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair. However, a trigger or sensor can take any form and be arranged in any manner to detect a tipping behavior of the wheelchair and need not be coupled to a rear caster. The trigger or sensor 3112 senses when conditions exist that may cause the vehicle to exhibit a tipping behavior and causes the locking assembly 3114 to engage when a tipping behavior is sensed to prevent any further tipping behavior.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The front caster 3208a is coupled to the caster support member 3211. The front caster pivot arms 3218a, 3218b are independently pivotable upwardly and downwardly on the opposite sides of the frame to move the front casters 3208a, 3208b upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame 3202.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In the embodiment of wheelchair 3200, optional vibration damping assemblies 4250 are coupled to the button 4006 of each stabilizing member 3214a, 3214b to prevent vibration of the button 4006 in the rod 4008.
Referring to
The adjustment between the engagement member 4425 and the elongated member 4423 allows the amount of rotation of the rear caster position sensing arrangement that causes engagement of the stabilizing members to be adjusted. Referring to
In the embodiment illustrated by
The rear caster position sensing arrangement 4400 operates to cause both sensors or triggers to place both of the stabilizing members 3214a, 3214b in the engaged and disengaged states based on the positions of the rear caster pivot arms 3320a, 3320b.
In
Referring to
When the wheelchair 3200 exhibits a tipping behavior, the frame 3202 of the wheelchair is pitched slightly forward toward the front casters 3208a, 3208b. As a result, both of the rear casters 3320a, 3320b move downward relative to the frame 3202 to maintain contact with the ground. This downward movement moves the rear caster position sensing arrangement 4400 away from the triggers 3212a, 3212b, allows the triggers to move to the extended position and causes the stabilizing assemblies 3214a, 3214b to engage. In an exemplary embodiment, the stabilizing assemblies 3214a, 3214b engage to lock the first and second front casters 3208a, 3208b against upward movement relative to the frame, but allow the front casters to move downward when engaged. The stabilizing assemblies 3214a, 3214b may be configured in any manner that inhibits further tipping of the wheelchair frame when the stabilizing members are engaged. In another embodiment, the stabilizing assemblies 3214a, 3214b lock the front caster pivot arms against both upward and downward movement with respect to the pivot arm when engaged. When one or more of the rear casters return to a normal operating position relative to the frame, the triggers are depressed again to disengage and allow upward and downward movement of the front casters relative to the frame. In the wheelchair 3200, the rear caster position sensing arrangement is configured such that movement of one of the rear casters to a normal operating position moves the other rear caster up as well.
While the present invention has been illustrated by the description of embodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. For example, pivotal connections can be made of any number of structures including bearing assemblies, pins, nuts and bolts, and frictionless sleeve assemblies. Additionally, springs or shock absorbers can be added between pivoting and non-pivoting components to limit, dampen, or somewhat resist the pivotal motions of these components. Also, a brake-disc locking mechanism could be integrated into any of the pivotal connections and serve as a stabilizing member or assembly that locks components coupled to the pivotal connection from rotation when actuated and freely allows pivotal motion about the connection when not actuated. Therefore, the invention, in its broader aspects, is not limited to the specific details, the representative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures can be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of the applicant's general inventive concept.
Claims
1. A wheelchair suspension comprising:
- a frame;
- a seat supported by the frame;
- a pair of drive wheels supporting the frame;
- first and second front casters coupled to the frame such that the fronts casters are moveable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the frame;
- at least one rear caster coupled to the frame;
- at least one stabilizing cylinder coupled to the frame and the front casters;
- wherein the at least one stabilizing cylinder locks to prevent upward movement of the front casters with respect to the frame and allows downward movement of the front casters when the wheelchair exhibits a tipping behavior; and
- wherein the at least one stabilizing cylinder includes a spring return that biases the front casters downward with respect to the frame.
2. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein the at least one stabilizing cylinder damps upward movement of the front casters with respect to the frame when the at least one stabilizing cylinder is disengaged.
3. The wheelchair of claim 1 wherein the spring return of the at least one stabilizing cylinder biases the front casters downward with respect to the frame when the wheelchair exhibits a tipping behavior.
4. A method of controlling tipping of a wheelchair frame based on downward movement of first and second rear casters with respect to the wheelchair frame comprising:
- locking the first front caster and the second front caster against upward movement relative to the frame when both of the rear casters move downward from normal operating positions relative to the frame;
- allowing upward movement of both the first front caster and the second front caster relative to the frame when one of the rear casters return to a normal operating position relative to the frame.
5. A wheelchair suspension comprising:
- a frame;
- a drive assembly pivotally mounted to the frame at a first pivot axis that is below an axis of rotation of a drive axle of the drive assembly;
- at least one front caster pivot arm pivotally mounted to the frame and coupled to the drive assembly;
- a front caster coupled to the at least one front caster pivot arm;
- at least one rear caster coupled to the frame;
- a stabilizing assembly that engages to prevent upward pivotal movement of the at least one front caster pivot arm with respect to the frame when the wheelchair exhibits a tipping behavior;
- wherein torque applied by the drive assembly urges the front caster upward with respect to a support surface.
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Type: Grant
Filed: May 4, 2016
Date of Patent: Nov 28, 2017
Patent Publication Number: 20160318367
Assignee: INVACARE CORPORATION (Elyria, OH)
Inventors: Robert Bekoscke (Medina, OH), Damon Jurkiewicz (Lakewood, OH), Gerald Fought (Columbia Station, OH)
Primary Examiner: Drew J Brown
Application Number: 15/146,260