Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Rubus idaeus.
Variety denomination: ‘ENDURANCE’.
BACKGROUND The present invention relates to a new and distinct everbearing raspberry variety designated ‘ENDURANCE’. This new variety is a result of a controlled cross made in 2008 in Watsonville, Calif. between raspberry variety ‘GRANDEUR’ (patented, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 20,459) as the female parent and raspberry variety ‘04.3891’ (unpatented) as the male parent in an ongoing breeding program. The variety is botanically known as Rubus idaeus and was tested as ‘PS-08.056-18’ and ‘PS-5618’.
The seedling resulting from the aforementioned cross was asexually propagated by dormant canes in Santa Cruz County, Calif. and was subsequently selected by the inventor from a controlled breeding plot in Watsonville, Calif. in 2010. After its selection, the new variety was further asexually propagated by dormant canes, roots and non-dormant root shoot cuttings in Santa Cruz County, Calif., San Joaquin County, Calif. and Siskiyou County, Calif. The new variety was then extensively tested over the next several years in fruiting fields in Santa Cruz County, Calif. and has performed successfully in grower fields in USDA zones 9-10. This propagation has demonstrated that the combination of traits disclosed herein as characterizing the new variety are fixed and remain true to type through successive generations of asexual reproduction.
SUMMARY ‘ENDURANCE’ is primarily adapted to the climate and growing conditions of the central coast of California. This region provides the necessary year-round temperatures required for it to produce and maintain a strong vigorous plant and to remain in fruit production from July through December on primocanes and in the ensuing year from May through July on the floricanes. The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be unique characteristics of ‘ENDURANCE’, which in combination distinguish this raspberry plant as a new and distinct variety:
-
- 1. Dark purple spines
- 2. Late fruit yield
- 3. Medium red fruit color
- 4. Absent to very weak primocane glaucosity
- 5. Fair flavor
The raspberry variety that is believed to be most closely related to the new raspberry variety ‘ENDURANCE’ is the raspberry variety ‘GRANDEUR’ (patented, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 20,459). In comparison to the similar raspberry variety ‘GRANDEUR’, ‘ENDURANCE’ differs by the following combination of characteristics described in Table 1:
COMPARISON BETWEEN ENDURANCE AND GRANDEUR TABLE 1
’GRANDEUR’
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ (US PP20,459)
Primocane waxy Absent to very Absent to very
coat (glaucosity) weak weak
Predominate number Equal 3-5 Always 3
of leaflets
Leaf shape Flat to slightly Flat to slightly
(cross section) convex convex
Rugosity Weak Strong
Color mature fruit RHS 43A RHS 42A
Medium red Medium red
Thorn Tip Coloration N186B 180C
Greyed-purple Greyed-red
Relative number of 26.9 16.2
pedicel thorns Many Medium
‘ENDURANCE’ differs from its sibling raspberry variety ‘MAJESTIC’ (patented, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 31,716) by the following combination of characteristics described in Table 2:
COMPARISON BETWEEN ENDURANCE AND MAJESTIC TABLE 2
‘MAJESTIC’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ No. 31,716)
Time of fruiting (primocane) Late Medium
Terminal leaf shape Lobed Cordate
Leaf shape (cross section) Flat to slightly convex Slightly convex
Rugosity Weak Medium
Relative size of drupes Large Medium
Glossiness (fruit) Medium High
Adherence of receptacle Very weak Weak
Flavor Fair Very good
‘ENDURANCE’ differs from its parents, ‘GRANDEUR’ and ‘04.3891’, by the following combination of characteristics described in Table 3:
COMPARISON BETWEEN ENDURANCE, GRANDEUR AND 04.3891 TABLE 3
‘GRANDEUR’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ No. 20,459) ‘04.3891’
Productivity High High Medium
Glossiness (fruit) Medium Medium High
Firmness (fruit) Medium to high Very high Medium to low
Adherence of Very weak Very weak Medium
receptacle
Primocane time Late Medium Medium
of fruiting
Fruit size Medium to large Medium Large
Flavor Fair Good Good
For identification, a series of molecular markers have been determined for this new variety.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying color photographs illustrate the overall appearance of typical specimens of the new raspberry variety ‘ENDURANCE’ at various stages of development as true as reasonably possible with color reproductions of this type. Color in the photographs may differ slightly from the color value cited in the detailed botanical description which accurately describes the color of ‘ENDURANCE’. The depicted plant and plant parts of the new raspberry variety ‘ENDURANCE’ were taken in Watsonville, Calif. and are approximately 2 to 16 months old:
FIG. 1 shows typical leaf shape, foliate and rugosity characteristics of ‘ENDURANCE’ taken in the month of September 2020;
FIG. 2 shows bud, flower and fruit characteristics of ‘ENDURANCE’ taken in the month of September 2020;
FIG. 3 shows typical gloss, coloration, and drupelet formation of primocane fruit of ‘ENDURANCE’ taken in the month of September 2020;
FIG. 4 shows typical primocane and spine coloration of ‘ENDURANCE’ taken in the month of September 2020;
FIG. 5 shows typical dormant bud characteristics of ‘ENDURANCE’ taken in the month of January 2019.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION ‘ENDURANCE’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The characteristics of the new variety may vary in detail, depending upon variations in environmental factors, including weather (temperature, humidity and light intensity), day length, soil type, and location.
The aforementioned photographs, together with the following description of the new raspberry variety ‘ENDURANCE’, unless otherwise noted, are based upon observations taken during the 2016-2017 growing season in Watsonville, Calif. Primocane measurements and ratings were taken from plants of ‘ENDURANCE’ dug from a nursery located in Siskiyou County, Calif. during the middle of October 2015 and planted approximately 3 to 4 weeks later in Watsonville, Calif. The approximate age of the observed primocane plants is 7 to 8 months. Floricane measurements and ratings were taken from the same planting of ‘ENDURANCE’ at an approximate age of 16 to 18 months. Yield observations and fruit quality characteristics are averaged from 3 years of data collected from the 2015 through 2018 production seasons. Flower measurements and characteristics are from secondary flowers unless otherwise noted. Fruit characteristics and measurements are from secondary fruit unless otherwise noted. Foliage characteristics and measurements are from 3-foliate foliage unless otherwise noted.
Color terminology where noted follows The R.H.S. Colour Chart Fifth Edition, Royal Horticultural Society, London, United Kingdom (2007).
The following tables 3-7 describe fruit, plant, foliage, flower and pest/disease characteristics of the new raspberry ‘ENDURANCE’ in comparison to the similar raspberry varieties ‘GRANDEUR’ (patented, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 20,459).
COMPARISON BETWEEN ENDURANCE AND GRANDEUR TABLE 3
FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS
‘GRANDEUR’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ No. 20,459)
Color mature fruit RHS 42A RHS 42A
Medium red Medium red
Color achenes RHS 159A RHS 159A
Orange-white Orange-white
group group
Fruit length (mm) 27.71 22.91
Fruit width (mm) 23.20 20.12
Length/Width ratio 1.19 1.14
Longer than Longer than
broad broad
Seed weight (mg) 1.76 1.75
Drupelets per berry 95 93
Weight of single drupe 0.071 0.043
(g/drupe)
Drupe length (mm) 7.45 5.25
Drupe diameter (mm) 4.53 3.86
Relative size of drupes Large Medium
Fruit size Medium Medium
Fruit per node 10 15
Predominant shape Conical Conical
Receptacle length (mm) 24.74 19.15
Receptacle diameter (mm) 12.02 10.32
Receptacle color RHS 155B RHS 155B
White group White group
Evenness of color (fruit) Even Even
Glossiness Medium Medium
Adherence of receptacle Very weak Very weak
Firmness of flesh Firm Very firm
Firmness of skin Firm Very firm
Soluble Solids (% brix) 9.8 10.5
Flavor Fair Good
Shipping quality Good Good
Fruit storage life (avg) 9 days 12 days
Fruit market use Fresh Fresh
TABLE 4
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
‘GRANDEUR’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ No. 20,459)
General:
Habit Semi-erect Upright
Plant height (m) 1.5 1.4
Plant width (cm) 38 45
Time to initiate roots (days) 12-14 12-14
Canes per hill 7.5 6.9
Productivity High High
Self-fruitfulness Yes Yes
Type of bearing Everbearing Everbearing
Primocane:
Color (true) RHS 145A RHS 145B
Yellow-green Yellow-green
group group
Length (cm) 153.5 143.6
Basal diameter (mm) 19.26 21.80
Diameter central ⅓ (mm) 13.76 12.55
Lateral length at central ⅓ (cm) 27.7 43.6
No. fruiting laterals per cane 11.8 17.4
Total nodes per cane 39 31
Internode length at central ⅓ (mm) 38.93 48.84
Anthocyanin coloration RHS 59B RHS 59B
Red-purple Red-purple
group group
Anthocyanin intensity Medium Weak
Pubescence Absent Absent
Vegetative bud length (mm) 8.70 11.01
Vegetative bud diameter (mm) 5.15 6.11
Vegetative bud shape Widely ovate Widely ovate
Vegetative bud color RHS 187A RHS 187A
Greyed-red Greyed-red
group group
Strength of waxy coat (glaucosity) Absent to very Absent to very
weak weak
Time of cane emergence Medium to late Medium
Time of flowering Medium to late Medium
Time of fruiting Medium to late Medium
Length of fruiting season Long Long
% of total yield 38% 50%
Flowering period Late June to Late June to
Late November Late November
Harvest period Late July to Late July to
Late December Late December
Primocane fruit weight (g) 4.7 3.8
Primocane yield (g/plant) 1,936 2,662
Young Shoots:
Number (per meter) 15-20 15-20
Medium Medium
Anthocyanin presence Present Present
Anthocyanin coloration RHS 179A RHS 179A
Red-purple Greyed-red
group group
Anthocyanin intensity Weak Medium
Thorns:
Thorn presence Present Present
Thorn coloration (tip) RHS 187A RHS 180C
Greyed-purple Greyed-red
group group
Thorn coloration (base) RHS N186C RHS 145B
Greyed-purple Yellow-green
group group
Thorn length at central ⅓ (mm) 1.39 0.76
Thorn base at central ⅓ (mm) 1.32 1.53
Thorn density per cm at central ⅓ 5.25 3.38
Medium Medium
Thorn texture Rigid Rigid
Attitude of the tip Horizontal Horizontal
Floricane:
Color (true) RHS 165B RHS 164A
Greyed-orange Greyed-orange
group group
Length (cm) 123.4 119.8
Width at central ⅓ (mm) 12.58 12.04
Total nodes per cane 22 18
Internode length at central ⅓ (mm) 44.55 49.13
Fruiting lateral attitude Erect Erect
Time bud burst (vegetative) Medium Medium
Time of flowering Medium Medium
Time of fruiting Medium Medium
Length of fruiting season Medium to long Medium to long
% of total yield 62% 50%
Flowering period Late April to Late April to
Late June Late June
Harvest period Late May to Late May to
Late July Late July
Floricane fruit weight (g) 4.6 3.7
Floricane yield (g/plant) 3,161 2,680
TABLE 5
FOLIAGE CHARACTERISTICS
‘GRANDEUR’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
‘ENDURANCE’ No. 20,459)
Characteristic (3 Foliate) (3 Foliate)
General:
Color of upper surface RHS N137A RHS N137A
Green group Green group
Color of lower surface RHS 190B RHS 190B
Greyed-green Greyed-green
group group
Venation Pinnate Pinnate
Shape in cross section Flat to slightly Flat to slightly
convex convex
Arrangement Compound Compound
Relief between veins Weak Strong
(rugosity)
Glossiness Weak Weak
Number of leaflets/leaf Equal 3-5 Always 3
Total leaf length (cm) 26.1 22.5
Total leaf width (cm) 24.2 23.4
Terminal Leaflet:
Length (mm) 165.1 127.5
Width (mm) 120.3 91.6
Length/width ratio 1.4 1.4
Longer than Longer than
broad broad
Size Large Medium to large
Shape Lobed Cordate
Shape of base Cordate Cordate
Shape of tip Acuminate Acuminate
Margins Biserrate Biserrate
Lateral Leaflet:
Length (mm) 128.3 105.5
Width (mm) 74.1 65.1
Length/width ratio 1.7 1.6
Much longer Longer than broad
than broad
Rachis length (mm) 41.3 36.2
Rachis diameter (mm) 2.41 1.92
Rachis anthocyanin coloration RHS 184B RHS 184A
of upper surface
Rachis anthocyanin intensity Weak Medium
Orientation Opposite Opposite
Arrangement Compound Compound
Relative position of lateral Free Touching
leaflets
Shape Ovate Ovate
Shape of the base Rounded Oblique rounded
Shape of the tip Acuminate Acuminate
Margins Biserrate Biserrate
Petiole:
Length (mm) 54.54 59.00
Width (mm) 3.50 3.99
Thorn presence Yes Yes
Thorn orientation Erect Erect
Anthocyanin coloration RHS 180B RHS 184C
of upper surface Greyed-purple Greyed-purple
group group
Anthocyanin intensity Absent to very Weak
weak
of upper surface
Stipule length (mm) 12.77 10.23
Stipule orientation Erect Erect to horizontal
TABLE 6
FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS
‘GRANDEUR’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ No. 20,459)
Petal color (upper surface) RHS 155C RHS 155C
White group White group
Petal color (lower surface) RHS 155C RHS 155C
White group White group
Flower diameter (mm) 27.25 22.55
Petal length (mm) 8.25 6.42
Petal width (mm) 3.42 3.11
Petal length/width ratio 2.41 2.06
Much longer Much longer
than broad than broad
Petal shape in cross section Flat Flat
Petal shape (overall) Ovate Ovate
Petal shape (apex) Rounded Rounded
Petal shape (base) Attenuate Attenuate
Petal margin Entire Entire
Petal texture Glabrous Glabrous
No. petals/flower 5.2 5.2
No. sepals/flower 5.2 5.2
Sepal length (mm) 10.80 11.20
Sepal width at base (mm) 4.41 6.49
Sepal shape Deltate Widely deltate
Sepal shape (apex) Acuminate Acuminate
Sepal coloration (upper surface) RHS 144A RHS 144B
Sepal coloration (lower surface) RHS 144B RHS 144C
Sepal margin Entire Entire
Sepal texture Slightly Slightly
pubescent pubescent
No. stamen/flower 116 105
Filament length (mm) 5.19 4.45
Filament color RHS 155C RHS 155C
White group White group
Pollen quantity Medium Medium
Pollen color RHS 196D RHS 196D
Anther length (mm) 1.16 0.79
Anther diameter (mm) 0.53 0.49
Anther coloration RHS 155C RHS 155C
(pre-dehiscence)
Anther coloration RHS 165B RHS 165B
(post-dehiscence)
Stigma shape Lobed Lobed
Stigma length (mm) 0.12 0.10
Stigma diameter (mm) 0.42 0.40
Stigma coloration RHS 145D RHS 145D
Style length (mm) 3.08 2.03
Style diameter (mm) 0.40 0.39
Style coloration RHS 145D RHS 145D
Ovule length (mm) 1.56 1.51
Ovule diameter (mm) 1.47 1.40
Ovule coloration RHS 145B RHS 145B
Pedicle length (mm) 21.55 23.86
Pedicle diameter (mm) 1.51 1.47
Pedicle anthocyanin coloration RHS 181C RHS 178A
Pedicle anthocyanin intensity Absent to very Medium
weak
Relative number of pedicel 26.9 16.2
thorns Many Medium
Peduncle anthocyanin presence Present Present
Peduncle anthocyanin coloration RHS 184C RHS 184A
Greyed-purple Greyed-purple
group group
Peduncle anthocyanin intensity Weak Medium
TABLE 7
PEST AND DISEASE REACTIONS
‘GRANDEUR’
(U.S. Plant Pat.
Characteristic ‘ENDURANCE’ No. 20,459)
Spotted wing drosophila Susceptible Susceptible
(Drosophila suzukii)
Two spotted spider mite Susceptible Susceptible
(Tetranychus urticae)
Grey fruit mold Susceptible Susceptible
(Botrytis cinerea)
Powdery mildew Moderately Moderately
(Podosphaera aphanis var. aphanis) resistant susceptible
Yellow rust Moderately Moderately
(Phragmidium rubi-idaei) resistant susceptible
