BA 73-366 Kentucky bluegrass
A variety of Kentucky bluegrass having a medium to high level of disease resistance, a desirable green color throughout the growing season, good drought recovery capability, a medium to high quality dense presistent turf forming ability under a wide variety of environmental conditions, and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
Latest The O. M. Scott and Sons Company Patents:
Kentucky bluegrasses have been disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,156 which issued on May 9, 1972; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,186 which issued on May 23, 1972; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 4,336 which issued on Nov. 28, 1978; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,280 which issued on Sep. 6, 1988; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,537 which issued on Jan. 17, 1989; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,538 which issued on Jan. 17, 1989 and U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,585 which issued on Feb. 7, 1989; U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,831 which issued on Mar. 17, 1992 and U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 07/821,403 which was filed on Jan. 14, 1992, now U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,490.
SUMMARY OF THE VARIETYThe present invention relates to a new and improved variety of Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis, that has been designated Ba 73-366.
Ba 73-366 plant material originated as a single plant selection from the open pollinated progeny of a Kentucky bluegrass seed parent developed and maintained in the O. M. Scott plant nursery at Marysville, Ohio. This seed parent was identified as Ba 65-125 in the O. M. Scott breeding program. At the time of selection, the Ba 73-366 plant appeared different from other progency plants which originated from apomictically produced seeds of Ba 65-125. As a result of this selection, a distinct variety was produced and asexually propagated by rhizomes, tillers and disseminules. Seed of Ba 73-366 was produced first at Marysville, Ohio and later at Gervais, Ore. This seed was used to plant turf performance evaluation trials and later seed production fields.
Asexual production of Ba 73-366 by propagules (tillers and rhizomes) and by disseminules (modified caryopses produced by apomixis) has consistently produced progeny plants indistinguishable from the mother plant. The apomixis level of Ba 73-366 is approximately 99% based upon examining seedling characteristics of approximately 100 to 150 seedlings from five different crop years in a growth chamber.
Ba 73-366 has a number of highly desirable characteristics including a medium to high level of resistance to Dreschslera spp. (formerly called Helminthosporium spp.) that causes leaf spot, melting out and crown rot; Puccinia spp. that causes several types of rust infections; and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa that causes dollar spot. Ba 73-366 has an attractive leafy turf type growth habit; moderately wide leaf blades; attractive green color which can be maintained throughout the entire growing season; good drought recovery capability and good turf performance as evidenced by consistently good to high scores for quality, color and density. Ba 73-366 has a high seed yield potential in the bluegrass seed production region of northwestern U.S.A.
In comparison with a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses, Ba 73-366 differs significantly in regard to the following morphological characteristics: (1) length and width of panicle, (2) whorls per panicle, (3) branches per whorl and (4) number of florets per spikelet.
Ba 73-366 has average size spikelets and glumes, flag leaf of average length but broader in width and a tendency towards a thinner leaf. Ba 73-366 has a statistically significant large flag leaf ligule and a lower level of sheath color than most other Kentucky bluegrasses tested.
Ba 73-366 has a long peduncle, average peduncle width, a culm length significantly longer than a number of other bluegrasses and a high number of nodes per culm. Also, it has an average size vegetative leaf in length and width but a statistically significant thicker leaf and leaf margin hairs. Ba 73-366 has significantly more hairs on the back side of the ligule. Under close mowing as practiced under lawn maintenance conditions, Ba 73-366 has a broader leaf blade than a number of other Kentucky bluegrasses.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGFIG. 1 is a Ba 73-366 Kentucky bluegrass panicle;
FIG. 2 is Ba 73-366 Kentucky bluegrass seed; and
FIG. 3 is a Ba 73-366 Kentucky bluegrass plant shortly after completing anthesis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETYBa 73-366 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is perennial with creeping rhizomes forming a dense turf. When plants overwinter in the field under freezing temperatures and are then brought into the greenhouse during late winter to continue growth undisturbed by clipping under moderate temperatures (60.degree.-80.degree. F.), culms are erect averaging 42.7 cm in length with an average of 4.1 nodes per culm. The uppermost internode averages 9.2 cm and the peduncle averages 26.4 cm in length and 0.704 mm in width. The flag leaf averages 4.5 cm in length, 3.6 mm in width and 0.180 mm in thickness and a ligule length of 1.5 mm. The vegetative leaf averages 22.9 cm in length, 3.8 mm in width, 0.401 mm in thickness and a ligule length of 0.23 mm. The panicle has an average length of 88.88 mm, width of 68.4 mm, and 8.8 whorls. The lowest whorl has an average of 4.3 branches and the third whorl from the bottom of the panicle has an average of 3.7 branches. The average spikelet in the lowest whorl is 4.6 mm in length, 2.5 mm in width and has 2.6 florets with an outer glume of 2.8 mm and an inner glume of 3.2 mm in length. A spikelet from the third whorl from the bottom of the panicles is 4.7 mm in length, 2.6 mm in width and has 2.8 florets with an outer glume of 2.8 mm and an inner glume of 3.1 mm in length. Conditioned seed has an average amount of hair on the keel located on the dorsal side of the lemma. The seed of Ba 73-366 is 3.04 mm in length, 0.91 mm in width and a rachilla length of 0.80 mm with approximately 1,025,586 seeds per pound.
Comparisons of Ba 73-366 with other varieties in terms of seed dimensions and on seed numbers per pound are shown in Tables 1 and 2 as follows:
TABLE 1
______________________________________
Seed and Rachilla Measurements and Lemma Hair of
Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties
After Conditioning.
Length Width Rachilla Lemma*
Variety (mm) (mm) (mm) Hair
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 3.04 0.91 0.80 4.4
Abbey 2.97 0.89 0.80 3.8
Adelphi 2.70 0.84 0.65 4.4
America 2.40 0.68 0.68 2.8
Baron 3.08 0.81 0.71 5.0
Bristol 2.94 0.88 0.73 4.3
Chateau 2.81 0.86 0.71 4.5
Coventry 2.71 0.81 0.70 4.0
Eclipse 2.77 0.83 0.68 3.5
Georgetown 2.94 0.82 0.74 4.9
Gnome 2.78 0.83 0.75 4.1
Kelly 3.07 0.89 0.75 4.2
Marquis 2.97 0.87 0.83 4.7
Midnight 2.94 0.76 0.78 5.7
Nassau 3.07 0.86 0.68 3.4
Ram I 3.23 0.89 0.80 6.0
Touchdown 2.93 0.88 0.71 4.6
Victa 3.00 0.80 0.82 3.5
LSD (.05) 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.86
______________________________________
*Rating Scale 0-9: 9 = abundant row of hairs along keel.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Numbers Per Pound of Ba 73-366 and
Other Bluegrass Varieties After Conditioning.
Variety Seeds per Pounds
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 1,025,586
Abbey 1,003,037
Adelphi 1,383,976
America 1,659,824
Baron 1,051,693
Bristol 1,270,821
Chateau 1,300,105
Coventry 1,246,200
Eclipse 1,335,668
Georgetown 1,431,000
Gnome 1,017,641
Kelly 921,166
Marquis 1,054,642
Midnight 1,227,000
Nassua 1,127,130
Ram 1 1,214,000
Touchdown 1,211,000
Victa 1,038,298
______________________________________
Since environmental conditions such as soil and climate may influence morphological characteristics to some extent, comparisons of morphological characteristics of Ba 73-366 are made with other Kentucky bluegrass varieties in Tables 3-8.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
Morphological Comparison of Panicles of Ba 73-366 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at
Marysville, Ohio
Number of
Panicle Panicle Panicle Number of
Branches
Nod- Length Width Whorls Lower Third
Variety
ding* (mm) (mm) Per Panicle
Whorl Whorl
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
1.6 88.8 68.4 8.8 4.3 3.7
Abbey 1.6 80.4 59.3 9.3 3.8 3.3
Adelphi
1.8 106.8 76.4 10.0 3.6 3.0
America
2.3 67.7 51.1 8.8 3.3 3.5
Baron 2.2 92.6 71.0 10.0 3.4 2.8
Bristol
2.0 85.5 61.5 8.4 2.8 2.7
Chateau
2.9 65.2 57.3 8.5 3.3 2.8
Coventry
2.5 64.0 54.2 8.4 3.3 2.5
Eclipse
1.3 89.2 74.0 10.7 3.3 2.1
George-
1.0 80.0 57.0 7.4 2.1 2.6
town
Gnome 1.1 80.6 56.0 10.6 4.6 3.9
Kelly 2.0 88.0 70.2 9.8 4.6 3.7
Marquis
1.1 82.0 63.0 10.3 3.9 3.6
Midnight
2.0 75.8 48.4 7.1 2.9 3.0
Nassau 2.2 91.2 68.6 10.0 2.5 2.1
Ram I 1.3 67.7 47.0 7.3 3.0 3.2
Touch- 1.1 73.1 75.0 7.6 2.1 2.3
down
Victa 1.7 74.9 58.3 10.0 4.7 3.5
LSD 0.68 7.35 8.62 0.66 0.72 0.5
(.05)
______________________________________
*Panicle nodding rated 1-9: 1 = Erect; 9 = 90.degree. nodding
TABLE 4
______________________________________
Morphological Comparison of Spikelets and Numbers of Florets
of Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the
Greenhouse at Marysville, Ohio
Number of
Spikelet Florets
Lower Whorl
Third Whorl Per Spikelet
Length Width Length
Width Lower Third
Variety (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Whorl Whorl
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
4.6 2.5 4.72.
2.6 2.6 2.8
Abbey 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.2 3.0 3.0
Adelphi 4.6 2.2 4.8 2.2 4.4 4.4
America 4.6 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.5 4.3
Baron 5.4 2.8 5.4 3.1 4.0 4.2
Bristol 4.9 2.4 5.0 2.5 4.2 4.5
Chateau 4.4 2.4 4.4 2.4 3.4 3.5
Coventry 4.4 2.2 4.5 2.4 3.2 3.5
Eclipse 4.6 2.4 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.6
Georgetown
5.0 2.3 5.0 2.6 4.8 4.9
Gnome 4.6 2.5 4.6 2.9 3.2 3.2
Kelly 5.1 2.5 5.2 2.8 3.7 3.8
Marquis 4.3 2.2 4.4 2.3 3.1 2.9
Midnight 5.3 2.5 5.5 2.4 4.4 4.7
Nassau 4.7 2.6 4.8 3.0 4.2 4.3
Ram I 5.4 2.6 5.3 2.8 3.6 3.4
Touchdown
5.1 2.9 4.8 2.8 4.1 4.0
Victa 4.5 2.5 4.5 2.4 3.3 3.2
LSD (.05)
0.41 0.35 0.38 0.35 0.58 0.53
______________________________________
TABLE 5
______________________________________
Morphological Comparison of Glumes of Ba 73-366 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at
Marysville, Ohio
______________________________________
Glume Length
Outer Inner
Lowest Third Lowest
Third
Variety Whorl Whorl Whorl Whorl
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.1
Abbey 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1
Adelphi 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.1
America 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5
Baron 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7
Bristol 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4
Chateau 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2
Coventry 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1
Eclipse 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4
Georgetown 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.1
Gnome 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3
Kelly 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.5
Marquis 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1
Midnight 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.1
Nassau 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0
Ram I 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.5
Touchdown 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.8
Victa 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1
LSD (.05) 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.23
______________________________________
Glume Hairs
Lowest Whorl Third Whorl
Variety Outer Inner Outer Inner
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.0
Abbey 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0
Adelphi 0.6 2.7 1.1 1.9
America 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3
Baron 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.6
Bristol 1.0 2.2 0.8 2.2
Chateau 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.8
Coventry 1.5 2.7 1.6 2.4
Eclipse 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9
Georgetown 1.7 2.7 1.2 2.5
Gnome 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.6
Kelly 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8
Marquis 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.8
Midnight 1.8 2.8 1.0 2.4
Nassau 2.1 2.6 4.2 4.4
Ram I 1.1 2.3 0.7 1.2
Touchdown 0.7 2.1 1.1 1.4
Victa 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3
LSD (.05) 0.85 0.92 0.89 0.87
______________________________________
TABLE 6
______________________________________
Morphological Comparison of Flag Leaves of Ba 73-366 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville Ohio
______________________________________
Length Width Thickness
Leaf
Variety (cm) (mm) (mm) Angle.sup.(a)
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 4.5 3.6 0.180 5.1
Abbey 3.8 3.4 0.145 2.7
Adelphi 5.7 3.4 0.178 5.2
America 4.3 2.6 0.211 4.6
Baron 7.0 4.2 0.152 9.2
Bristol 4.3 3.2 0.211 2.3
Chateau 4.0 2.7 0.193 3.4
Coventry 3.7 3.0 0.140 0.7
Eclipse 3.9 3.2 0.193 8.7
Georgetown
5.7 2.8 0.221 1.9
Gnome 4.5 3.5 0.185 4.3
Kelly 4.8 4.1 0.178 3.1
Marquis 5.5 3.6 0.241 2.7
Midnight 3.8 2.6 0.189 1.1
Nassau 6.0 3.7 0.191 5.9
Ram I 3.4 3.1 0.191 1.0
Touchdown 4.1 2.7 0.163 3.4
Victa 3.9 3.7 0.267 2.1
LSD (.05) 1.0 0.42 0.0249 2.49
______________________________________
Leaf Ligule Leaf Sheath
Variety Curve.sup.(b)
(mm) Margin
Ligule Color
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 4.4 1.5 0.4 2.2 0.5
Abbey 4.1 1.3 0.8 1.6 0.2
Adelphi 5.0 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.4
America 5.0 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9
Baron 4.4 1.2 1.0 3.8 2.6
Bristol 5.0 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.0
Chateau 2.0 0.9 1.1 3.1 0.3
Coventry 4.3 0.9 0.8 1.7 2.0
Eclipse 5.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.2
Georgetown
5.0 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0
Gnome 5.0 0.8 0.9 3.2 1.5
Kelly 4.4 1.5 1.1 2.5 2.2
Marquis 4.6 0.8 0.5 3.8 1.5
Midnight 5.0 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.0
Nassau 4.7 1.1 2.6 2.4 0.8
Ram I 4.8 0.7 0.5 1.3 2.0
Touchdown 4.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 7.7
Victa 4.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5
LSD (.05) 0.44 0.17 0.47 0.70 0.76
______________________________________
.sup.(a) Degrees from the stem
.sup.(b) Scale 1-9: 1 curve up; 5 no curve; 9 curves down
TABLE 7
______________________________________
Morphological Comparison of Peduncles, Culms, Node Numbers
Per Culm and Internode Length of Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville, Ohio
Top
Peduncle Peduncle Culm Number of
Internode
Length Width Length
Nodes Length
Variety
(cm) (mm) (cm) Per Culm
(cm)
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
26.4 0.704 42.7 4.1 9.2
Abbey 23.2 0.655 41.3 4.1 11.0
Adelphi
24.5 0.665 40.0 4.0 10.4
America
16.2 0.622 31.8 3.1 11.0
Baron 34.0 0.701 52.8 4.2 12.8
Bristol
22.9 0.734 43.5 4.0 12.6
Chateau
20.7 0.607 38.9 4.4 9.9
Coventry
19.6 0.487 34.7 4.5 7.9
Eclipse
23.7 0.658 39.2 4.9 9.9
George-
21.7 0.683 37.5 3.2 11.1
town
Gnome 19.4 0.836 35.3 3.1 9.2
Kelly 29.4 0.752 46.6 3.6 11.8
Marquis
27.1 0.831 34.1 3.4 7.8
Midnight
20.5 0.722 29.5 2.8 7.6
Nassau 25.0 0.663 36.0 3.9 7.4
Ram I 22.2 0.694 30.5 2.5 6.6
Touch- 23.6 0.519 38.0 4.0 8.4
down
Victa 21.2 0.808 37.9 3.7 10.3
LSD (.05)
3.17 0.774 3.32 0.44 1.94
______________________________________
TABLE 8
______________________________________
Morphological Comparison of Vegetative Leaves
of Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass
Varieties in the Greenhouse at Marysville Ohio
______________________________________
Leaf
Length Width Thickness
Leaf Curv.sup.(b)
Variety (cm) (mm) (mm) Angle.sup.(a)
ature
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
22.9 3.8 0.401 53.0 7.1
Abbey 20.7 3.6 0.277 51.3 7.4
Adelphi 19.4 3.7 0.279 67.0 4.6
America 21.4 3.1 0.325 66.0 6.4
Baron 18.2 4.3 0.290 35.0 4.4
Bristol 18.2 3.7 0.320 65.5 6.9
Chateau 23.1 3.3 0.328 39.7 5.4
Coventry 23.4 3.6 0.249 63.0 7.3
Eclipse 20.3 4.4 0.302 65.5 5.4
Georgetown
19.5 3.6 0.287 56.7 5.8
Gnome 18.2 2.9 0.290 43.2 6.6
Kelly 22.8 3.9 0.300 55.5 7.0
Marquis 19.7 3.7 0.376 46.4 7.8
Midnight 19.5 3.5 0.310 63.3 5.0
Nassau 16.3 3.7 0.292 63.2 4.9
Ram I 19.1 3.6 0.271 70.8 6.5
Touchdown
16.7 3.7 0.243 51.3 4.0
Victa 21.5 3.6 0.361 56.3 6.7
LSD (.05)
3.49 0.43 0.0439 15.90 1.54
______________________________________
Ligule Hairs.sup.(c) Leaf.sup.(d)
Length Leaf Rough-
Sheath
Variety (mm) Ligule Collar
Margin
ness Color.sup.(e)
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
0.23 5.2 0.0 4.2 8.5 0.0
Abbey 0.32 4.4 0.0 2.8 7.7 0.0
Adelphi 0.34 2.6 0.0 3.4 8.8 0.0
America 0.12 1.7 0.0 2.1 8.4 2.0
Baron 0.33 4.6 0.0 3.6 7.4 0.4
Bristol 0.12 2.6 0.0 3.0 8.9 2.0
Chateau 0.22 3.3 0.0 3.1 7.8 0.5
Coventry
0.32 3.1 0.0 2.4 8.1 0.3
Eclipse 0.38 2.8 0.0 2.6 9.0 0.2
George- 0.14 2.5 0.0 2.4 8.5 2.0
town
Gnome 0.23 1.6 0.9 0.8 7.5 1.4
Kelly 0.34 4.6 0.0 2.4 8.8 0.0
Marquis 0.21 3.6 0.3 1.1 6.8 1.1
Midnight
0.10 1.3 0.0 1.6 7.7 2.0
Nassau 0.34 2.5 0.0 3.3 8.5 1.4
Ram I 0.09 1.8 0.0 2.0 7.7 2.0
Touchdown
0.29 1.4 0.0 1.3 7.9 8.0
Victa 0.26 2.3 0.0 1.7 7.9 0.1
LSD (.05)
0.04 0.79 0.21 0.70 0.89 0.57
______________________________________
.sup.(a) Degrees from stem
.sup.(b) Scale 1-9: 1 = curvature up; 5 = no curvature; 9 = curvature dow
.sup.(c) Scale 0-9: 0 = none 9 = many
.sup.(d) Scale 1-9: 1 = rough 9 = smooth
.sup.(e) Scale 0-9: 0 = no color 9 = dark purple
Ba 73-366 has performed well in regions throughout the U.S.A., as exhibited by a good to high level of turf quality ratings in a number of locations in comparison to other varieties. In addition, Ba 73-336 has a pleasant medium green color which can be maintained throughout the growing season, and has good winter color. Comparisons of Ba 73-366 with other varieties for quality, genetic color and winter color are set forth hereinafter in Tables 9-11. During mid-May while the turf was actively growing with adequate nutrient and water availability, readings of the vegetative color of Ba 73-366 were taken in full sun with several actively growing leaves being compared, one at a time, utilizing color chips from the Munsell Book of Color as a reference. On this basis, the color of Ba 73-366 was determined to be 5 GY 4/4. During the same time period, the color of similar leaves of other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties were determined by the same procedure to be as follows: Ba 73-540 - 5 GY 4/4; Abbey - 5 GY 3/4; and Coventry - 5 GY 4/4.
TABLE 9
______________________________________
Comparison of Turfgrass Quality of Ba 73-366 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Various Locations in
the U.S.A.
Locations.sup.(a)
Variety A B C D E F G H I Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 7.7 7.2 5.5 5.3 6.5 5.0 5.2 6.6 6.2 5.5
Abbey 7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 5.4 5.1 3.5 6.8 6.6 5.5
Able I 7.7 7.5 5.4 5.9 7.0 5.7 5.9 6.5 5.8 5.8
A-34 8.7 6.8 5.2 4.6 7.0 5.4 5.3 6.2 4.8 5.6
Banff 8.7 6.6 6.6 6.1 6.8 4.6 5.1 6.7 6.6 6.0
Baron 7.7 7.2 6.4 5.7 7.0 5.7 5.3 7.0 6.0 5.8
Challenger
8.7 6.6 5.2 4.9 6.7 5.7 5.7 6.6 5.6 5.8
Classic 8.3 6.9 5.6 6.2 6.8 4.3 5.6 6.7 5.8 5.8
Coventry 8.7 6.3 6.5 5.9 6.7 5.8 5.3 7.0 6.4 5.9
Eclipse 8.3 6.7 6.9 6.5 6.2 5.1 5.9 7.3 5.7 5.9
Estate 8.7 7.0 6.0 5.5 7.0 6.0 5.7 6.4 5.9 5.9
Georgetown
8.0 6.6 6.0 6.6 6.5 4.9 5.7 6.9 6.6 5.9
Glade 9.0 7.4 6.8 7.5 7.0 5.6 4.5 7.6 6.9 6.2
Gnome 8.0 6.8 5.8 5.0 7.0 5.0 4.8 7.0 4.9 5.5
Haga 8.0 6.7 6.4 6.3 7.0 5.1 5.7 6.8 6.3 5.9
Kelly 7.7 7.2 6.0 5.8 6.5 5.0 5.2 6.8 5.6 5.5
Kenblue 7.7 6.4 4.9 3.3 7.0 3.8 3.2 6.2 5.3 4.6
Marquis 8.0 6.8 5.4 5.3 6.7 5.5 4.7 6.5 5.0 5.4
Merion 6.7 5.1 3.8 2.7 5.2 4.2 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.2
Midnight 8.0 7.1 6.7 8.3 6.7 4.7 5.7 7.7 5.4 6.2
Monopoly 7.7 6.5 6.0 5.0 7.3 4.8 5.1 6.1 5.2 5.3
Nassau 8.0 6.9 6.0 6.4 6.0 5.5 5.5 6.3 5.9 5.6
Ram I 8.0 7.8 5.3 6.0 7.3 5.2 5.2 7.0 7.0 6.1
South Dakota
7.0 6.6 4.7 3.0 6.2 2.1 2.7 4.9 4.4 4.1
Touchdown 9.0 7.2 5.3 4.2 6.7 3.3 5.1 6.5 6.3 5.5
LSD (.05) 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.3
______________________________________
Quality Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = ideal turf
.sup.(a) Locations: A. Fort Collins, CO; B. Ames, Iowa; C. Post Falls, ID
D. Levington, KY; E. Marysville, OH; F. Hubbard, OR; G. Pooled data from
Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR; H. Beltsville, MD; I. Pullman, WA
TABLE 10
______________________________________
A Comparison of Genetic Color of Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrasses at Various Locations in the U.S.A.
Locations.sup.(a)
Variety A B C D E F G Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
4.7 5.7 4.3 4.3 7.0 7.0 5.7 5.5
Abbey 4.0 6.2 5.3 4.3 7.0 6.0 6.7 5.6
Able I 4.7 7.3 8.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 6.0 6.6
A-34 4.0 5.0 3.7 4.3 6.7 6.0 5.3 5.0
Banff 5.7 4.7 4.0 5.0 6.7 6.0 4.0 5.1
Baron 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 7.3 7.3 6.3 6.0
Challenger
4.7 6.2 6.0 5.0 7.3 7.0 5.7 6.0
Classic 5.3 5.2 4.3 5.0 6.7 5.7 4.3 5.2
Coventry 5.3 5.8 5.7 4.3 7.0 6.7 6.3 5.9
Eclipse 5.0 7.0 6.3 5.3 7.3 6.3 7.0 6.3
Estate 4.7 6.2 5.7 5.3 6.7 6.7 5.7 5.8
Georgetown
4.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.2
Glade 5.3 7.3 7.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.7
Gnome 5.3 5.5 5.7 4.7 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.0
Haga 4.3 5.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 6.0 4.3 5.1
Kelly 4.7 6.2 4.7 4.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 5.6
Kenblue 3.7 4.3 3.7 3.7 7.0 6.0 4.0 4.6
Marquis 5.0 6.5 5.3 5.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.1
Merion 4.3 6.7 6.3 4.3 7.0 5.3 6.0 5.7
Midnight 6.0 7.7 8.3 6.3 8.0 7.7 6.0 7.1
Monopoly 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.7 4.0 4.8
Nassau 5.7 6.7 5.7 5.0 8.0 6.7 4.7 6.0
Ram I 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.7
South Dakota
4.0 5.2 3.0 3.0 7.0 5.3 4.0 4.5
Touchdown
4.7 6.3 4.3 4.7 7.3 6.3 5.0 5.5
LSD (.05)
1.3 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.5
______________________________________
Genetic Color Quality Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = ideal turf
.sup.(a) Locations: A. Fort Collins, CO; B. Post Falls, ID; C. North
Brunswick, NJ; D. Martinsville, NJ; E. Marysville, OH; F. Pooled data fro
Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, OR G. Haymarket, VA;
TABLE 11
______________________________________
Comparison of Winter Color of Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrasses Based on Data From Various at Locations in the
U.S.A.
Locations
Variety A B Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 3.0 5.7 4.3
Abbey 3.3 5.7 4.5
Able I 4.0 7.0 5.5
A-34 4.0 4.3 4.2
Banff 4.0 5.0 4.5
Baron 3.7 3.7 3.7
Challenger 3.7 6.3 5.0
Classic 4.0 5.7 4.8
Coventry 2.7 4.3 3.5
Eclipse 3.3 5.7 4.5
Estate 3.7 5.3 4.5
Georgetown 4.7 7.0 5.8
Glade 2.7 4.7 3.7
Gnome 2.7 4.3 3.5
Haga 3.3 5.3 4.3
Kelly 3.0 5.3 4.2
Kenblue 3.3 2.7 3.0
Marquis 3.3 4.0 3.7
Merion 2.3 6.3 4.3
Midnight 3.3 5.3 4.3
Monopoly 3.3 5.0 4.2
Nassau 3.0 5.7 4.3
Ram I 3.7 6.0 4.8
South Dakota 1.7 2.0 1.8
Touchdown 3.3 5.3 4.3
LSD (.05) 1.0 1.6 0.9
______________________________________
Color Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = complete color retention
Locations: A. Martinsville, NJ B. Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and
Gervais, OR
Ba 73-366 develops good density and a high degree of living ground cover in the spring and summer. It has a moderately wide blade as identified by leaf texture data. Also Ba 73-366 has good seedling vigor. Data for these performance characteristics are presented in Table 12-15.
TABLE 12
______________________________________
Comparison of Summer Density of Ba 73-366 and other
Kentucky Bluegrasses at Various Locations in the U.S.A.
Locations
Post
Falls Martinsville
Marysville
Kingston
Idaho NJ OH RI Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
6.7 4.3 6.3 4.0 5.3
Abbey 6.0 5.7 6.0 3.0 5.2
Able I 7.7 5.0 7.0 4.3 6.0
A-34 7.0 4.7 6.0 5.0 5.7
Banff 6.7 4.7 6.3 4.0 5.4
Baron 6.7 5.3 6.3 4.3 5.7
Challen-
7.7 5.7 6.7 4.0 6.0
ger
Classic
7.0 5.7 6.7 4.7 6.0
Coventry
7.0 6.0 6.7 4.0 5.9
Eclipse
5.7 6.3 6.3 4.0 5.6
Estate 7.0 5.3 7.3 4.7 6.1
George-
6.7 5.7 6.3 4.3 5.8
town
Glade 8.3 4.7 6.7 4.0 5.9
Gnome 7.0 5.3 6.3 4.3 5.8
Haga 6.7 5.7 6.3 4.3 5.8
Kelly 6.7 4.3 6.0 3.3 5.1
Kenblue
7.3 3.7 6.0 3.7 5.2
Marquis
6.7 5.3 6.3 4.0 5.7
Merion 3.3 4.3 4.7 1.7 3.5
Midnight
7.7 6.3 6.3 3.7 6.0
Monopoly
5.7 4.7 6.7 4.0 5.3
Nassau 6.0 5.0 5.7 3.7 5.1
Ram I 8.3 5.3 7.0 4.0 6.2
South 7.0 2.0 5.7 3.7 4.6
Dakota
Touch- 8.0 5.3 6.0 3.0 5.6
down
LSD 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7
(.05)
______________________________________
Density Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = maximum density
TABLE 13
______________________________________
Comparison of Percent Living Ground Cover in the
Spring of Ba 73-366 and other Kentucky Bluegrasses
at Various Locations in the U.S.A. and Canada
Locations
Post Falls
Carbondale
Richmond
Idaho Illinois Ont. Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 78.3 65.0 33.3 58.9
Abbey 53.3 51.7 30.0 45.0
Able I 81.7 43.3 30.0 51.7
A-34 61.7 68.3 33.3 54.4
Banff 80.0 76.3 43.3 66.6
Baron 45.0 51.0 40.0 45.3
Challenger
63.3 56.7 26.7 48.9
Classic 60.0 75.0 43.3 59.4
Coventry 85.0 43.3 30.0 52.8
Eclipse 26.7 31.7 26.7 28.3
Estate 61.7 79.7 33.3 58.2
Georgetown
76.7 76.0 30.0 60.9
Glade 73.3 51.7 40.0 55.0
Gnome 66.7 40.0 26.7 44.4
Haga 63.3 65.0 33.3 53.9
Kelly 65.0 50.7 40.0 51.9
Kenblue 73.3 91.0 36.7 67.0
Marquis 63.3 44.0 30.0 45.8
Merion 5.7 14.0 20.0 13.2
Midnight 38.3 20.7 26.7 28.6
Monopoly 65.0 90.3 33.3 62.9
Nassau 60.0 45.0 30.0 45.0
Ram I 71.7 76.7 36.7 61.7
South Dakota
71.7 88.7 36.7 65.7
Touchdown 56.7 38.3 36.7 43.9
LSD (.05) 30.0 41.0 14.4 17.6
______________________________________
TABLE 14
______________________________________
Comparison of Leaf Texture of Ba 73-366 and Other
Kentucky Bluegrasses at Martinsville, New Jersey
Variety Leaf Texture
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 4.3
Abbey 5.0
Able I 5.7
A-34 4.3
Banff 5.3
Baron 5.0
Challenger 5.0
Classic 5.3
Coventry 5.0
Eclipse 5.7
Estate 4.3
Georgetown 6.0
Glade 5.0
Gnome 5.3
Haga 5.7
Kelly 4.3
Kenblue 6.0
Marquis 4.3
Merion 4.0
Midnight 6.7
Monopoly 5.0
Nassau 5.0
Ram I 5.0
South Dakota 3.7
Touchdown 5.3
LSD (.05) 0.9
______________________________________
Leaf Texture Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = very fine
TABLE 15
______________________________________
Comparison of Seedling Vigor of Ba 73-366
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at
Various Locations in the U.S.A. and Canada.sup.(a)
Seedling
Vigor
Variety Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 6.3
Abbey 6.4
Able I 6.3
A-34 6.0
Banff 7.7
Baron 6.7
Challenger 5.6
Classic 7.1
Coventry 6.1
Eclipse 6.1
Estate 6.1
Georgetown 7.0
Glade 6.7
Gnome 6.3
Haga 7.1
Kelly 6.6
Kenblue 7.4
Marquis 6.3
Merion 2.6
Midnight 5.4
Monopoly 7.1
Nassau 6.4
Ram I 6.5
South Dakota 6.7
Touchdown 5.8
LSD (.05) 0.7
______________________________________
Vigor Rating Scale 1-9; 9 = maximum vigor
.sup.(a) Locations: Fort Collins, CO; Post Falls, ID; North Brunswick, NJ
Adelphia, NJ; Richmond Hill, Ontario; Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard an
Gervais, OR.
Turf diseases are one of the major causes of inconsistent and poor turf performance. Ba 73-366 has been found to have a medium to high level of resistance to a serious bluegrass disease known as leaf spot (also known as melting out) caused by Drechslera poae (formerly called Helminthosporium vagans); a medium to high level of resistance to several rust diseases caused by Puccinia spp.; and medium to high level of resistance to dollarspot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Comparisons of disease incidence of Ba 73-366 as compared with other bluegrass varieties in regard to leaf spot, rusts, powdery mildew and dollarspot are set forth in Tables 16-21. Additional comparisons are presented in Tables 22-25 identifying good drought tolerance and high seed yields relative to other bluegrasses.
TABLE 16
______________________________________
Comparison of Leaf Spot Incidence of Ba 73-366 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under Shade
Conditions at Marysville, Ohio
Variety % Leaf Spot
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 0.0
Adelphi 5.0
America 40.0
Banff 2.5
Bristol 0.0
Classic 5.0
Eclipse 2.5
Georgetown 7.5
Glade 7.5
Kenblue 10.0
Merion 0.0
Nassau 0.0
Newport 0.0
Park 50.0
Ram I 40.0
Sydsport 27.5
Vantage 2.5
Victa 2.5
Mean 9.8
LSD (.05) 26.7
______________________________________
Leaf Spot Rating = % area covered by disease
TABLE 17
______________________________________
Comparison of Dollar Spot Incidence of Ba 73-366 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at Kingston, R.I.
Variety Dollar Spot
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 8.3
Abbey 8.0
Able I 8.3
A-34 7.7
Banff 7.7
Baron 7.7
Challenger 8.0
Classic 8.0
Coventry 7.7
Eclipse 8.3
Estate 8.3
Georgetown 8.0
Glade 7.7
Gnome 8.0
Haga 7.7
Kelly 8.0
Kenblue 8.0
Marquis 8.0
Merion 7.7
Midnight 8.3
Monopoly 8.0
Nassau 8.0
Ram I 7.3
South Dakota 8.0
Touchdown 8.0
LSD (.05) 0.9
______________________________________
Dollar Spot Rating 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 18
______________________________________
Comparison of Powdery Mildew Incidence of Ba 73-366
and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Grown Under
Shade Conditions at Marysville, Ohio
% Powdery Mildew
Variety Test 1 Test 2
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 80.0 27.5
Adelphi 35.0 37.5
Bristol 30.0 17.5
Dormie 30.0 27.5
Glade 35.0 45.0
Merion 75.0 67.5
Monopoly 7.5 15.0
Nassau 27.5 45.0
Park 50.0 35.0
Ram I 50.0 42.5
Vantage 37.5 10.0
Victa 87.5 50.0
Wabash 25.0 5.0
Mean 48.0 35.6
LSD (.05) 43.0 22.0
______________________________________
TABLE 19
______________________________________
Comparison of Stem Rust Incidence of Ba 73-366 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass varieties at Kingston, R.I.
Variety Stem Rust
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 6.7
Abbey 7.0
Able I 3.3
A-34 4.3
Banff 7.7
Baron 7.0
Challenger 4.0
Classic 8.0
Coventry 6.7
Eclipse 4.0
Estate 6.3
Georgetown 8.7
Glade 7.7
Gnome 7.0
Haga 8.0
Kelly 8.0
Kenblue 5.7
Marquis 6.7
Merion 1.0
Midnight 8.0
Monopoly 6.3
Nassau 8.0
Ram I 8.0
South Dakota 4.3
Touchdown 2.3
LSD (.05) 1.4
______________________________________
Stem Rust Rating 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 20
______________________________________
Comparison of Leaf Rust Incidence of Ba 73-366 and
Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varities at Kingston, R.I.
Variety Leaf Rust
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 5.7
Abbey 6.3
Able I 7.0
A-34 6.0
Banff 7.0
Baron 8.3
Challenger 5.7
Classic 8.7
Coventry 7.0
Eclipse 5.7
Estate 6.3
Georgetown 7.7
Glade 7.0
Gnome 6.7
Haga 7.0
Kelly 5.0
Kenblue 6.7
Marquis 6.3
Merion 2.3
Midnight 6.0
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 7.0
Ram I 6.7
South Dakota 6.7
Touchdown 3.7
LSD (.05) 2.4
______________________________________
Leaf Rust Rating 1-9; 9 = no disease
TABLE 21
______________________________________
Comparison of Stripe Rust Incidence of Ba 73-366
and Other K28 Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at
Various Locations in Oregon
Variety Stripe Rust.sup.(a)
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 5.0
Abbey 4.3
Able I 6.0
A-34 5.0
Banff 6.0
Baron 6.0
Challenger 5.3
Classic 6.3
Coventry 5.0
Eclipse 6.0
Estate 5.7
Georgetown 6.3
Glade 3.0
Gnome 4.7
Haga 6.3
Kelly 5.0
Kenblue 3.3
Marquis 5.3
Merion 3.7
Midnight 4.7
Monopoly 5.3
Nassau 5.3
Ram I 6.0
South Dakota 4.0
Touchdown 3.0
LSD (.05) 1.2
______________________________________
Stripe Rust Rating 1-9; 9 = no disease
.sup.(a) Locations: Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, Oregon.
TABLE 22
______________________________________
Comparison of Drought Tolerance as Recovery of
Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties
at Various Locations in the U.S.A. 1991
Carbondale
Variety Illinois Oregon.sup.(a)
Mean
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 5.0 4.7 4.8
Abbey 5.0 4.0 4.5
Able I 4.7 4.0 4.3
A-34 5.3 1.3 3.3
Banff 4.7 2.3 3.5
Baron 4.7 6.3 5.5
Challenger 5.0 2.0 3.5
Classic 4.7 3.7 4.2
Coventry 5.7 3.7 4.7
Eclipse 5.0 1.7 3.3
Estate 4.7 6.3 5.5
Georgetown 4.3 2.7 3.5
Glade 4.7 3.9 4.2
Gnome 4.7 5.0 4.8
Haga 5.3 2.7 4.0
Kelly 4.7 4.3 4.5
Kenblue 4.3 5.3 4.8
Marquis 4.0 4.3 4.2
Merion 5.3 1.7 3.5
Midnight 5.3 3.7 4.5
Monopoly 3.0 6.3 4.7
Nassau 4.7 5.3 5.0
Ram I 5.3 3.3 4.3
South Dakota
4.7 2.7 3.7
Touchdown 5.0 3.7 4.3
LSD (.05) 1.7 1.7 1.2
______________________________________
Drought tolerance (recovery) Rating 1-9; 9 = complete recovery
.sup.(a) Pooled data from Halsey, Hubbard and Gervais, Oregon.
TABLE 23
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre from
Solid Row Trials of Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky
Bluegrass Varieties at Gervais, Oregon
Variety
Lbs/Acre
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
1382
Bristol
862
Victa 1342
LSD (.05)
216
______________________________________
TABLE 24
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre for
Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties Over
a Two Year Period at Gervais, Oregon
Lbs./Acre
Variety Year 1 Year 2
______________________________________
Ba 73-366 920 1258
Abbey 1124 1314
Apart 1244 851
Coventry 786 914
Garfield 1138 952
Newport 1165 1002
LSD .05 209 176
______________________________________
TABLE 25
______________________________________
Comparison of Seed Yields in Pounds Per Acre for
Ba 73-366 and Other Kentucky Bluegrass Varieties at
La Grande, Oregon
Selection
Lbs./Acre
______________________________________
Ba 73-366
1,612
Abbey 1,549
Coventry
1,046
LSD .05
160
______________________________________
Claims
1. A variety of Kentucky bluegrass, substantially as shown and described, characterized by a medium to high level of resistance to several serious diseases, including leaf spot and melting out disease, several rust diseases and dollar spot; a desirable green color throughout the growing season; good drought recovery capability; a medium to high quality dense presistent turf forming ability under a wide variety of environmental conditions; and a high level of seed yielding capacity.
| PP3156 | May 1992 | Fuchigami et al. |
| PP3186 | May 1972 | Barenbrug et al. |
| PP4336 | November 28, 1978 | Mayer et al. |
| PP6280 | September 6, 1988 | Meier et al. |
| PP6537 | January 17, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP6538 | January 17, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP6585 | February 7, 1989 | Meier et al. |
| PP7831 | March 17, 1992 | Meier et al. |
| PP8490 | December 7, 1993 | Meier et al. |
Type: Grant
Filed: Sep 23, 1993
Date of Patent: Jan 3, 1995
Assignee: The O. M. Scott and Sons Company (Marysville, OH)
Inventors: Virgil D. Meier (Marysville, OH), J. Kevin Turner (South Salem, OR), Eugene W. Mayer (Marysville, OH)
Primary Examiner: James R. Feyrer
Application Number: 8/125,564
International Classification: A01H 500;
