Abstract: A medical cell holder for use in a device which detects the impedance of a human body to actuate an electronic circuit. The holder comprises an inner assembly containing an electronic circuit; and a metallic ornamental casing having a switch mechanism at one end thereof. A cell (i.e. a battery) and the assembly are contained in said casing with the cell and the electronic circuit connected in series through the switch mechanism. The casing constitutes one electrode, which is portable in hand and which provides electrical contact with a human body.

Abstract: A pair of active probes and a datum probe are affixedto the patient, and the active probes' signals are coupled to a preamplifier involving both common mode rejection and differential amplification. The information bearing voltage levels are coupled to a voltage controlled oscillator, the output of which bears information in the form of frequency variations. A photocoupler isolates the patient from unwanted feedback, and drives a phase locked loop which demodulates the signal back to an information bearing voltage. The derivative of the voltage signal is taken, is separated by polarity to correspond to the direction of eye motion, and is coupled to the EEG, thereby representing nystagmus velocity.

Abstract: An electrode for laryngeal electromyography comprises an insulator body having a pair of rigid conductors or posts mounted in a spaced apart relation therein. A pair of flexible electrical wires have one end connected with an associated post, and the other end adapted for connection to an electrical signal monitor. A tab projects outwardly of the insulator body, and is shaped for insertion into a laryngeal ventricle portion of the patient and prevents inadvertent removal of the electrode from a vocalis muscle thereof. The free ends of the posts are embedded into the patients vocalis muscle, and a signal generating probe is applied to surgically exposed internal tissue in the area surrounding the recurrent laryngeal nerve, whereby contact between the probe and the laryngeal nerve excites the vocalis muscle and the monitor, thereby indicating to the surgeon the exact location of the nerve.

Abstract: A disposable electromedical electrode comprises a supporting member including a dome-shaped central portion and a surrounding, annular and flat engagement portion as well as a connecting tab extending from the outer edge of the engagement portion and formed integrally with the supporting member. A continuous electrode coating is applied throughout the concave side of the central portion, the engagement portion and the connecting tab and is covered by an annular adhesive layer outside the engagement portion. The connecting tab is proportioned to allow direct and removable attachment of a connecting wire at a place spaced apart from the outer edge of the engagement portion. The electrode may be provided with a further electrode coating on the opposite side of the insulating supporting member to form a driven shield in use of the electrode.

Abstract: A circular surgical retractor apparatus which is characterized by providing a metal bar ring having continuous arc-shaped concaves on its internal and external circumferences, providing hooks at appropriate places on the lower surface of surgical clamps having a clamping head which is a hollow and curved frame of a metal bar, and engaging the hooks with the metal bar ring.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for assisting expiration of respiratory gas from the lungs and/or assisting pulmonary blood circulation. The apparatus comprises means for generating a series of pressure pulses and means for transmitting the pressure pulses to air passageways in the lungs through respiratory gas. The generating means can comprise a solenoid controlled pump, a solenoid controlled valve, or a reflector means for directing pulses into the lungs. The transmitting means preferable comprises a tube for placement in the trachea. The frequency, amplitude, and shape of the pressure waves are controlled to outwardly displace walls of collapsed air passageways in the lungs, to maintain the outward displacement, and to generate a pumping action to assist in respiration. Wave characteristics may be controlled manually or modulated by signals derived from an electrocardiogram and/or a pleural pressure sensing means.

Abstract: Normal breathing cycles of a ventilator cause an alarm controller circuit to emit a periodic pulse which resets a timer circuit thereby maintaining an alarm device in an "off" condition. Patient disconnect is sensed by an alarm trigger circuit which sends an inhibit pulse to the controller circuit inhibiting the timer circuit reset pulse. This causes the timer to "time out" thereby turning on an alarm actuator circuit which causes an audible and/or visual alarm condition.

Abstract: A disposable valveless chemical cartridge respirator for filtration of vinyl chloride monomer having an end of service life indicator is disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed an air filtering mask having a cyclone filter member attached to a mask body, the cyclone filter member including a hollow slotted cylinder section attached to the base end of a hollow frusto-conical section and a hollow vortex finder having a substantially cylindrical body and two ends, one end being radially connected and sealed to the interior wall of the hollow cylinder section and the other end being located within the base end of the hollow frusto-conical section, the cylindrical body of the vortex finder extending coaxially through and being uniformly spaced from the interior wall of the hollow cylinder section, the hollow cylinder section having a multiplicity of slots through the walls thereof, the multiplicity of slots being aligned to penetrate into the region between the hollow vortex finder and the hollow slotted cylinder section tangential to the interior wall of the hollow cylinder section, the frusto-conical section having an opening in the apex end thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing itching of shaven, normally hirsute body portions during the period of hair regrowth. A lamina of flexible, smooth, non-woven material such as plastic is secured to the inner surface of the user's undergarment so that hair ends may move freely with respect to the surface rather than being trapped thereby.

Abstract: A canister provided with openings for flow of air therethrough contains a chemical that removes water vapor and carbon dioxide from that air and liberates oxygen into it. After a period of time the flow of air through the canister is reversed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for infusing fluids into the human body includes a peristaltic-type pump and an administration set having a vinyl tubing section on which the pump acts. To prevent the release of dissolved gas in the tubing section and the possible coalescence of released gas bubbles into pockets of air the pressure in the tubing downline of the pump is increased by partially restricting the lumen of the tubing. This restriction also assists in restoring the tubing to its original shape following compression by the peristaltic pump for more accurate metering and more efficient pumping action, and prevents uncontrolled gravity flow in the event of a pump failure. To provide a uniform compression force on the tubing the pressure rollers of the peristaltic pump are individually spring biased against the wall of the tubing, which is held in position by a stationary pressure plate.

Abstract: Apparatus for "depilation" or "electrolysis" including a current source, a plurality of filament electrodes (needles), and electronic circuitry for individually stabilizing the electrode currents at a predetermined value irrespective of withdrawal of selected needles, variations in the effective resistance of the hair and power supply transients.A programmed current interrupt circuit is also shown, and apparatus for skin conditioning in both current polarities is included, using the basic electronic control circuitry.

Abstract: A catheter assembly for placement in the bladder and particularly for use in patients with a restricted or traumatized urethra. The catheter assembly comprises a flexible filiform and a flexible follower detachably connected to the end of the filiform. A modified urinary catheter of flexible material with an extra hole in a tapered tip is used. The hole in the end of the catheter is restricted so that the connecting end of the follower may be easily pushed through, but the remaining portion of the follower is gripped securely.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in artificial respiration comprising an elongated tubular member for insertion into the esophagus having a pair of expandable elements for sealing the esophagus and pharynx against air loss. The tubular member includes an air passage between an external air source and discharge openings located between the expandable elements for introducing air to the lungs. The apparatus may also contain a gastric intubation tube, and external means for inflating the expandable elements with or without syringes.

Abstract: A method for effecting percutaneous pain allevation in which sawtooth shaped electrical pulses are produced at electrodes for percutaneous application to bodily areas experiencing pain. The electrical pulses may be selectively varied in amplitude in the range of zero to about 100 volts peak-to-peak, the pulse repetition frequency may be selectively varied in the range of about 10 HZ to 100 HZ, and the output current is from 1 MA to 40 MA. In addition, the output electrode is located at the site of the pain and the return electrode is located on the body at distance in the range of 7 cm to 20 cm from the output electrode.There is also disclosed a method for pain alleviation utilizing electric pulses having the above-described parameters.

Abstract: A distributor for use in cigarette makers wherein an upright duct receives loose tobacco shreds and discharges the thus formed tobacco column into a compacting device therebelow. The compacting device has two endless belts whose inner reaches are located opposite each other and engage and compact the descending column of tobacco shreds. The belts receive constant torque from a motor by way of an electric clutch wherein the driving and driven elements are out of contact with each other. The densified column of tobacco shreds is fed into the space between two additional belts which are driven by the prime mover of the cigarette maker through the medium of a variable-speed transmission which is controlled by a density measuring device. The additional belts feed the column into the range of needles on a wheel which feeds tobacco shreds into several discrete pneumatic conveyor pipes or into a single pipe.

Abstract: A mount is provided including a support for supporting a pipe therefrom with the bowl portion of the pipe opening upwardly and vacuum generator structure is supported from the mount and includes an inlet and an outlet. Passage defining structure is provided and includes inlet and outlet end portions with the inlet end portion including structure for releasable sealed engagement with the smoke outlet in the free end portion of the stem of a pipe supported from the support structure. The outlet end portion is disposed in sealed communication with the inlet of the vacuum generating structure and the passage defining structure includes filter structure disposed therein and an ambient air inlet for admitting ambient air into the passage defining structure. The ambient air inlet includes adjustable valve structure operatively associated therewith for variably throttling the admission of ambient air into the passage defining structure through the ambient air inlet.

Abstract: A hair separator comprising a cap of waterproof material, having openings in it through which selective portions of hair can be pulled, wall means surrounding the openings, and plugs disposed in each of said walls and forming substantially a sealing relationship therewith, whereby hair treatment liquids are substantially blocked from passing through said cap openings, whereby hair projecting outwardly from said plugs can be selectively treated.

Abstract: A wig for covering up a bald area of the head or portion having thin hair and an improved wig anchoring technique. The anchoring member to be positioned on an inner surface of a wig body includes a curved reversible member supporting a number of pectinate projections having free ends movable toward or away from the reversible members as a result of opening or closing movement of the member so that, in use, closure of the reversible member will cause hair of the user to be gripped between the projections and the reversible member whereby to retain the wig on the user's head. The wig comprising a body having hair on an outer surface thereof and a plurality of the thus constructed anchoring members will not be easily dislodged from the user's head even though the user may perform strenuous exercise.

Abstract: A luminescent solar collector having a luminescent member with at least two types of photovoltaic cells, each type of cell operating efficiently for the generation of electricity over a wavelength range which is different from the efficient wavelength range of the other types of photovoltaic cells present on the luminescent member, each type of photovoltaic cell carrying intermediate to it and the luminescent member a filter means which allows only light within the efficient wavelength range for that type of photovoltaic cell to pass from the luminescent member into the photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing concentrations of liquid from a natural gas pipeline comprising a tap valve mounted on the pipeline at the upper portion thereof so as to be in communication with the interior of the pipeline. A siphon apparatus is removably mounted on the tap valve and includes a siphon pipe which is vertically movably mounted with respect to the tap valve. The siphon pipe is vertically movable from an upper position wherein the lower end of the siphon pipe is positioned above the tap valve to a lower position wherein the siphon pipe extends through the tap valve so that the lower end of the siphon pipe is positioned at the bottom interior of the pipeline. A discharge pipe extends from the siphon pipe and is in communication with a liquid holding tank. A siphon valve is imposed in the discharge pipe to permit the selective removal of the liquid from the pipeline.

Abstract: A tubular plastic fitting is joined to the pipe wall of a plastic gas pipe and a hole is cut through the pipe wall within the fitting, leaving a ledge or shoulder around the hole as a stop for a balloon-type stopper which is then inserted and inflated within the pipe to shut off the flow of gas without substantial leakage of gas to the atmosphere. There is a ringlike compression seal within the fitting that prevents escape of gas around the cutting tool during the cutting operation and also further assures prevention of gas leakage around the stopper when the stopper is inflated within the pipe. After removal of the stopper, a closure member is placed on the pipe fitting.

Abstract: An internal check ball retainer for use in an in line check valve assembly has a M-shape configuration with a rectangular cross section. The in line check valve assembly includes a check valve having a check ball hole connected to a smaller through hole by a ball seat. A check ball is positioned in the check ball hole and is movable against the ball seat to block the through hole. The internal check ball retainer is dispositioned so as to dispose the check ball between the parallel arms of the M-shaped configuration and abuttable with the vertex of the V-shaped portion of the internal check ball retainer. A connector having a through-hole provided therein is threaded into the check ball hole so as to abut the internal check ball retainer and hold it in place while the V-shaped portion of the M prevents the check ball from blocking the through-hole in the connector.

Abstract: A multiple valve control device for use with a hydraulic walking mine-roof support frame, comprising a valve housing containing control valves which are disposed concentrically to a central axis around a central filter into which an axially-extending control-medium feed duct enters and from which radial bores extend in a star pattern towards the control valves, the said control valves, which are provided with valve pistons, being actuated via operating members from the valve-housing endface which is provided with a cover.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lift brake for exhaust water capable of installation in a vertical drain pipe system.

Abstract: A hot fluid-conducting pipe assembly, comprising an inner metal pipe through which flows a hot fluid,Support pins regularly arranged on and outwardly projecting from the outer surface of the inner metal pipe,Refractory of said coupling members fixed to the inner metal pipe by the support pins, each coupling members having upper and lower faces concentric with the surface of the inner metal pipe, trapezoidal side faces in the longitudinal direction of the inner metal pipe, and sectorial side faces in the circumferential direction of the inner metal pipe,Heat-insulating refractory blocks mounted between the coupling members and each having an underside portion provided with a cushioning layer formed of an elastic refractory material,A heat-insulating layer formed of an elastic refractory material and uniformly covering the upper faces of the coupling members and of the heat-insulating blocks, andAn outer metal pipe covering the heat-insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of driving shuttles through sheds formed by warp yarns of a wave-type loom in which a transport edge of the shuttles is lubricated before entrance into the warp yarns, and a wave-shed loom for carrying out the method of driving the shuttles.

Abstract: The heddles of a weaving machine have vibration absorbing material on the end loops thereof which normally contact edges of metal rods mounted on a heddle frame for oscillating movement, the heddles effecting a lifting movement relative to the rods upon oscillation thereof. Metal-to-metal contact between the end loops and the rods is therefore avoided so as to reduce noise during operation of the machine and so as to avoid corrosion of the heddles and the rods.

Abstract: A warp beam bearing for a loom which includes a projecting arm carried on each side of the loom frame. A guide surface is provided on each of said arms for receiving a shoe which has an arcuate surface provided thereon. A cylindrical sleeve is detachably secured to each end of the warp or loom beam for supporting said loom beam in said arcuate surfaces of said shoe. A stop surface engages one side of the cylindrical sleeve for properly positioning the beam on the loom. A pivotal spring biased clamp engages the other side of the cylindrical sleeves for pressing the sleeves against the stop surface when said beam is in a running position. A low frictional surface is provided on the clamp where the clamp engages the cylindrical sleeve. In removing the beam from the loom the clamp is pivoted out of engagement with the cylindrical sleeve and the shoe is shifted along the guide surface to a remote position wherein a truck can lift the beam.

Abstract: A weft thread monitoring device comprises a carrier element, such as a push rod, that is moved in one direction relative to the loom frame by beating-up motion of the reed and is biased in an opposite return direction. A feeler that is carried for bodily motion by the carrier element and is movable relative to it has a sensing arm that is engaged by a weft thread during beat-up and a controlled arm cooperable with an actuator for a cut-off switch. The feeler is biased relative to the carrier element towards an actuating position in which its controlled arm can engage the actuator during return motion of the carrier element and move the actuator to stop the loom. However, if the sensing arm is held captive by a properly laid and beaten-up weft thread, the feeler is maintained, against its bias, in a position in which the controlled arm clears the actuator during carrier element return motion, and at the conclusion of such return motion the sensing arm is snapped out of engagement with the weft thread.

Abstract: The primary thrust drive for a punch and die set which presses together two superimposed portions of the band to be locked utilizes the mechanical advantage afforded by a symmetrical angle lever pair. The arms of the levers are turned about a pair of pinions by a pneumatic piston drive. At the end of the other arms is a pressure roller which rides on a pressure surface of a pressure plate to convert the rotation movement of the angle levers to an outward linear movement on the pressure plate towards the pinions. The pressure plate carries the die. The pressure surface upon which each of the rollers acts is made to have a cylindrical curvature away from the roller. This has the effect of making more linear the characteristic increase of the mechanical advantage of the toggle arrangement as a function of the outward travel of the pressure plate and thereby making the adjustment of the die travel less critical.

Abstract: An accessory for an electric router which facilitates edging, trimming, groove cutting, and the like, on small workpieces. The accessory features a two tier construction, the workpiece being positioned on a work table pivotally mounted to the lower tier, while the router is vertically mounted on the upper tier. The upper tier is vertically movable with respect to the lower tier to accommodate the workpiece therebetween. The upper tier comprises a pair of parallel guide rails along which the router may be slidably moved through the workpiece. In an alternate mode of operation, the router may be securely clamped to the guide rails and the workpiece pushed along the work table through the router bit by a safety tool.

Abstract: A disk type wood chipper having cutter knives disposed non-radially on a chipper disk to cut a slab of wood from a log and having guide means with ridges over which such slab is caused to slide so that the slab disintegrates into wood chips of substantially uniform size.

Abstract: Power log-splitting apparatus utilized as an accessory to back hoe-equipped power equipment comprising a base, an upright member affixed to the base with means for affixing the upright member to the stick member of the back hoe with a wedge member affixed to the piston of the back hoe. Rail means are provided within which the wedge member is guided into a log to be split, and stabilizing means, affixed to the upright member, is adapted to prevent tilting of the base while the log splitter is in use.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a foldable, portable workbench having a work table and a support structure for supporting the work table. The support structure includes a pair of mutually spaced leg assemblies and each of these leg assemblies, in turn, includes a pair of legs pivotally connected at one end thereof to the work table. Articulated linkages pivotally interconnect, respectively, the two legs of each pair of legs to each other and at least one of the legs to the work table. The articulating linkages are connected so that the work table and leg structures are stacked in juxtaposition to each other when the workbench is in its folded position and, so that the other ends of the leg structures are spread apart from each other with the work table substantially transverse to the leg structures when the workbench is in the erected position.

Abstract: A device is provided for disposition in the bottom of a golf bag to keep the club shafts separated. means are provided for adjusting the dimensions of the device so that it may be disposed in different golf bags. A golf bag including the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A plurality of traction devices are positioned transversely in spaced relation on a tire tread. Each traction device has a first end portion arranged to be guided into one of a plurality of troughs that are positioned on the periphery of a circular member mounted to the unexposed or inside rim of a vehicle wheel. The troughs are separated by crests to form a wave-like configuration on the periphery of the circular member. The first end portion is guided into a trough without the need to visually locate the point of attachment on the circular member. A portion of the first end portion is too large to pass through the trough and serves to secure the traction device to the inside circular member. A second end portion of the traction device is secured on the opposite side of the tire by connection to a second circular member or to the ends of the other traction devices to tightly position an antiskid body portion of the traction device on the tire tread.

Abstract: A cable tire chain in which traction sleeves of the cross members are of the type in which a sleeve is formed by bending a generally rectangular metal strip into a generally cylindrical shape so that a pair of opposite edges of the strip are opposed in proximity and extend generally longitudinally of the sleeve. The opposed edges meet at a center region of the edges and are spaced elsewhere to provide exposed sharp corners for biting into ice. Each sleeve has a projecting tab at one end only for spacing that sleeve from an adjacent sleeve, the tab and other projections having sharp corners also.

Abstract: A traction device includes a series of elastomeric traction elements adapted to the circumference of a tire of an automotive vehicle. Each traction element has a substantially U-shaped elastomeric body, a plurality of reinforcing wires arranged in parallel and embedded in the elastomeric body along the lengthwise direction thereof, cross bars also embedded in the elastomeric body and integrally connected to opposite ends of the reinforcing wires at substantially right angles therewith, and a plurality of openings formed through the elastomeric body adjacent to the inner edges of the cross bars. Metal fasteners extend through the openings and are anchored to the traction element and connect the latter to ropes to be disposed at both side circumferences of the tire.

Abstract: A traction device having a pair of cleats that mount on the periphery of an automobile tire to provide temporary traction on ice, deep snow, mud and other adverse conditions for on and off the road travel. The cleats are each rigidly mounted to a pair of channels with one of the channels being inserted into the other to allow mounting of the cleats on a wheel. A handle mounted by a linkage to one of the channels engages protruding latches on the other channel, such that rotation of the handle draws the two channels together until the handle reaches a locked position wherein the cleats are firmly held on the tire.

Abstract: A method of increasing the tread and sidewall life of a radial belted pneumatic tire with an open end belt in which the tire is cured in a mold with the central portion of the tread in a curved configuration having the same tread radius and the margins of the tread having an increased tread radius. The sidewalls are cured with the maximum sectional width of the tire spaced from the bead baseline a predetermined distance greater than 55 percent of the maximum section height of the tire so that upon inflation of the completely manufactured tire to design inflation pressure, the tread surface of the tire will have a substantially constant tread radius across the tread profile for even wear of the tread and the tension in the sidewalls will be reduced for increased life of the tire.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire carcass has a tread portion, a pair of sidewalls connected to the tread portion, each of the sidewalls having an outer surface, and a plurality of grooves formed in the outer surface of one of said sidewalls in a preselected pattern for reducing circumferential surface tension.

Abstract: A cord composite suitable for rubber tire reinforcement comprised of a plurality of plies of yarns selectively cabled in a manner so that, upon application of longitudinal stress, at the initial elongation of the cable, the primary load bearing ply is a polyester or a nylon yarn and so that after appreciable elongation of the cable, the primary load bearing yarn is an aramid yarn. The invention further relates to a pneumatic rubber tire, industrial belt or hose having a carcass containing a fabric of such a cord as a reinforcing member.

Abstract: A venetian blind comprises at least two spaced apart support cables and a plurality of slats disposed at spaced locations along the support cables and having respective front and rear edges which are respectively engaged for relative rotation on coupling heads for each edge of the slats mounted on the respective cables in pairs at spaced locations along the lengths thereof. The coupling head also has cable-engagement means in the form of a supporting ring which connects the coupling to the cable in a manner permitting relative rotation therebetween about an axis which is substantially at right angles to the axis of the pivoting of the slats. The construction includes fold-initiating means which are associated with the cables between the coupling heads and which are effective to fold the cables in a preselected fold intermediate the lengths of the cables between the coupling head.

Abstract: Improved casting method and side dam apparatus for use in twin-belt continuous metal casting machines are described particularly adapted for casting rectangular copper bar providing a casting speed almost double that obtained in prior twin-belt machines and a damblock lifetime which is more than doubled, while producing a more homogeneous and symmetrical casting structure. The side dams are formed by stringing slotted damblocks along the entire length of a flexible metal strap, except for end portions of the strap. An end-to-end weld forms an endless strap loop of accurately predetermined length, and special damblocks having two mating interlocking halves are inserted into the remaining space along the strap, whereby all blocks are free to slide on the strap but with little cumulative space between blocks, which are preferably made of a bronze alloy presenting better resistance to heat cracking and higher heat conductivity than in previous damblocks.

Abstract: Liquid amorphous metal alloy is manufactured into shaped laminations ready for assembly in an inductive component in one process. The rotating chill surface to which the melt is delivered has high thermal conductivity metal in a pattern corresponding to the shaped lamination and is surrounded by thermally insulating material. Melt coming in contact with the high thermal conductivity metal becomes amorphous and that contacting the thermally insulating areas cools more slowly and becomes crystalline. The brittle crystalline scrap is broken away from the strip of laminations and is collected and recycled to the melt.

Abstract: A method of continuous centrifugal casting of metal products in which molten metal is rotated during the passage through an elongated cooled ingot mold about the axis of the latter and in which the still liquid core of the partly solidified casting as it leaves the ingot mold is subjected to forces counteracting the rotation of the still liquid core of the casting.

Abstract: In processes for the continuous casting of steel slabs in which molten steel is poured continuously into the upper end of a mold having a curved mold passage and in which an embryo casting (in curved form) is withdrawn continuously from the lower end of the mold, it is known that as the steel solidifies, accumulations of impurities, such as non-metallics occur in the surface of lesser radius. It is specifically proposed to prevent the accumulation of such non-metallics at or near the surface of the casting which is of lesser radius, which is a defect of slab casting produced on the standard curved mold continuous casting machines, by maintaining such surface in continuous contact with the opposed curved surface of the mold utilizing the force of gravity or other means to maintain continuous contact betwen the surface and the mold wall in order to cool the surface continuously and intensively throughout the movement of the embryo casting through the mold.

Abstract: A vessel for liquid, especially a ladle for molten metal, is constructed and arranged to facilitate pouring of the contents in a uniform stream along a predetermined path under a uniform pressure head, while facilitating starting and stopping of the stream. To this end, the vessel is supported for rotation about first and second generally horizontal, transverse, axes. The liquid is discharged from an outlet in the vessel located on the first axis when the vessel is rotated about the first axis. By controlling rotation, a constant head of liquid and uniform discharge trajectory is established. Flow is conveniently interrupted by rotation of the vessel about the second axis to tilt the first axis and raise the discharge outlet by an amount equal to the liquid head. Flow is restarted by lowering the discharge outlet to its original position. Preferably, the first axis is horizontal during discharge.