Abstract: A hydraulic motor and control system which comprises a pump delivering fluid to a control valve. The control valve has a Float position which connects a first end of the motor to sump, a First position for applying fluid from the pump to power the motor in a first direction by delivering fluid to the motor's first end via a flow path and a Second position in which the motor moves in a second and opposite direction. A conduit connects the control valve to the sump. A check valve is provided in the flow path which always allows flow therethrough towards the motor's first end and normally blocks reverse flow therethrough. A mechanism opens the check valve to permit reverse flow therethrough responsive to operation of the control valve in the Float position and in the Second position.

Abstract: A firing safety for a pneumatic nailer or stapler is disclosed, which safety, by itself cannot operate as a means to actuate the pneumatic device, even if the trigger and/or work responsive safety device remains in activated positions. The safety of the present invention requires a specific hand movement by the operator in order to reactivate the tool.

Abstract: The pintle shaft of a radial piston hydraulic pump-motor is cantilevered from one end frame member by guideways which permit it to be moved laterally for adjustment of the speed, torque output and direction of rotation. A reaction assembly is journaled in a second frame member by means of the input-output shaft. The reaction assembly includes two reaction rings, one on either side of the cylinder block, which rotate on bearing blocks on the pintle shaft, the bearing blocks and shaft having interengaging parallel, flat slide surfaces which permit the shaft to be translated while still being in mutually supported and stabilized relation with the reaction rings. The side loads on the pintle shaft are counteracted by friction forces developed between the slide surfaces on the bearing blocks and pintle shaft so that the pintle shaft remains stable relative to the reaction assembly without direct mechanical support of its blind end against side loads.

Abstract: An apparatus for rolling newspapers or the like into logs for burning is shown. A foot-operated electric motor is securely mounted on a work surface. Connected to the motor and parallel to the work surface is a rectangular shaft removeably supported on the opposite end thereof. The rectangular shaft has two longitudinally tapered halves slideable along the taper therebetween to reduce the effective cross-sectional diameter of the rectangular shaft. By turning the motor ON and supplying paper to the rectangular shaft, the paper is wrapped and periodically taped into position. After a paper log is formed, a prying device anchored to the work surface slideable moves one of the tapered halves with respect to the other tapered half along the taper therebetween. The movement reduces the cross-sectioned diameter of the rectangular shaft thereby releasing the paper log formed thereon. The paper log is slid to the left and removed from the rectangular shaft as a spring loaded hinge pivots out of the way.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and useful safety arrangement for use in a pivotable chimney damper including a damper flap to selectively open and close the outlet from the flue of a chimney. The damper flap is advantageously pivoted to and includes bias means to urge the damper flap to a normally open position with respect to the frame when unrestrained and carried closure means, which can include flexible pull means to be attached at a first location to the damper flap to pull the damper flap to a closed position against the frame member when the pull means is drawn tight where the pull means can be secured to hold the damper in closed position. An expansible spring means is attached between the damper flap and the pull means to be pulled to extended position when the damper flap is closed.

Abstract: A fume extraction assembly comprises an elevated canopy adapted to collect fume; and elongated outlet means offset from an apex of the canopy and having gas flow characteristics compensating for a tendency to uncontrolled extraction rates along said outlet means.

Abstract: The electrical water heater and dispenser is designed to heat a small amount of water such as two or three cups of water for use in making hot coffee, hot tea, cocoa, etc. A manually operable valve is provided for dispensing water into at least one receiver adapted to be temporarily positioned therebelow. A heat sink is fixedly secured to substantially the entire body surface of the water tank having a discharge port in its bottom wall. Heater coils are fixedly secured to the heat sink and circumscribe the discharge port.

Abstract: An individually heated top griddle plate for a sandwich griddle which is attachable to standard flat griddles to convert the same to a two-sided sandwich griddle. The top griddle is attachable to a back or side splash wall and has a projecting hinged arm which carries a floating heated griddle plate.

Abstract: A barbecue apparatus intended primarily for outdoor use, in which two side panels and two end panels form a generally rectangular shaped body with an open top and bottom, and a rotatable grill is supported by the upper edge of the two end members in the upper part of said body consisting of two sections for holding meat therebetween. A basket or other elongated retainer is disposed in the bottom of the body for holding burning fuel for cooking the meat, and a lid, preferably hinged to the upper edge of one of the side panels of the body, closes the body while the meat is cooking to provide effective radiation of heat onto the meat and to direct the hot gases on and around the meat. The body and lid are preferably constructed of stainless steel which provides a reflective inner surface for directing the heat from the burning fuel onto the meat while the lid is in its closed position.

Abstract: A food defrost and cooking apparatus includes a drum and a stand. The drum's position may be freely changed on the stand to shift the food in the drum during defrosting and cooking, but motion of the drum is limited by a camming arrangement between the stand and drum and a stop. The drum is also optionally vertically supportable on the stand for convenient loading.

Abstract: A mechanical link press comprising a bed, a pair of side frames extending upwardly from the both ends of said bed sandwiched therebetween, a crown sandwiched by said pair of side frames at the upper ends thereof, a slide adapted to move up and down guided by said pair of side frames, a pair of main drive shafts rotatably mounted to said pair of side frames respectively, and a pair of linkages arranged within said side frames for drivingly connecting said main drive shafts with said slide, said linkages being adapted to convert the rotational motion of said main drive shafts to a linear motion of said slide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printing electrographically upon two sides of a chemically pre-treated recording medium, at comparatively high speed such as is required in a computer print-out apparatus.A pre-treated paper medium comprised of a conductively treated paper base supporting a plastic dielectric coating on each of its sides, is positioned between electrode assemblies comprised of matrices of a plurality of styli which receive variable information from a data processor, or other equipment and by selectively charging the plurality of styli generating a latent image of alphanumeric characters or other variable printing by electrostatic discharge on the paper which is retained by the coating. The latent image is developed, i.e. made visible, by subjecting the paper medium to charged toning particles suspended in a liquid toning carrier. The image is then fixed i.e. made permanent by vaporizing the liquid carrier with heat.

Abstract: A small-sized printing apparatus which operates at a low noise level and provides good printing quality includes a plurality of printing rings, each having type characters on the peripheral surface thereof. The printing rings are mounted on a shaft which reciprocates for the purpose of bringing a selected character on each of the rings to a printing position. The shaft reciprocates through forward and reverse directions of rotation. An inking roll transfers ink intermittently to the type characters.

Abstract: A printing press ink fountain has means for applying different colored inks to different sections of a circumferentially grooved fountain roll for subsequent transfer to an anilox roll, printing cylinder, and moving web. Ink dams or dividers, each having a hole through which the fountain roll extends, divide the ink fountain into separate ink compartments and cooperate with the fountain and anilox rolls to prevent ink transfer between adjacent sections on each roll. Each divider has a circumferential edge around its hole which extends into a fountain roll groove. Each divider also has a grooved edge which rides against the anilox roll. Air ports are provided along these edges and compressed air is expelled therethrough to provide air seals to prevent ink transfer along the rolls.

Abstract: A device to be associated to a transfer means, generally a transfer cylinder, of an offset type printing machine including more than two units interconnected in series by said transfer means, the device performing the overturning of sheets for printing the sheet on both faces thereof, said device being completely external of said transfer means and including an auxiliary overturning cylinder provided with gripper means for fully detaching and winding thereabout sheets from said transfer cylinder, and a reversal and progressing mechanism adapted to engage the formerly trailing edge of the sheet wound about said cylinder and to said sheet, in the direction opposite to that in which it has been wound, to the or to one of the transfer means for positioning the other face of the sheet for printing thereon in the downstream unit or units.

Abstract: The invention provides for a drill unit for drilling and charge laying operations and is suitable for operation on land or underwater. The drill unit comprises a rock drill mounted on a frame structure on a gantry and drill steels and casing members located in a drill magazine where they can be moved into register with the drilling machine for drilling a hole below the gantry, the casing member being put down the hole to line it and a charge magazine containing explosive cartridges also mounted on the gantry provided with means for bringing a cartridge into register with a casing member put down a hole to charge the casing member. The operation being remotely controlled.

Abstract: A nonelectric delay detonator for use with an explosive packaged booster or explosive cartridge wherein the detonator includes a detonation sensor which senses the detonation of a detonating cord, and a signal carrier consisting of an empty plastic or rubber tube having a diameter of 1.0-4.0 millimeters which transmits the detonation signal from the sensor to a non-electric delay blasting cap. One end of the tube signal carrier is inserted into the sensor while the opposite end of the tube is inserted into the cap whereby the tube is in open and direct communication with the sensor and cap.

Abstract: A sintered projectile having the same ballistic characteristics as a conventional combat projectile is provided with controlled strength properties and predetermined breakage lines. As a result, small, high drag fragments are produced on impact which minimizes ricochet hazards and provides a safer practice round.

Abstract: A mobile track leveling, lining and tamping apparatus is constituted by a single machine assembly of a first vehicle mounted on two undercarriages and carrying therebetween a track correction unit and a tamping unit, a reference system for controlling the track correction, a first instrument for measuring the track position during correction and a second instrument for measuring the track position after correction, and a drive for the vehicle, and a second vehicle associated with and preceding the first vehicle in the working direction but being mechanically separated therefrom. A separate drive for the second vehicle enables the machine assembly to be operated while the first vehicle advances intermittently and the second vehicle advances non-stop. A ballast plow and an indicator for indicating and surveying the corrected track position are mounted on the second vehicle.

Abstract: A mobile track leveling, lining and tamping apparatus comprises a frame assembly mounted on undercarriages and mounting a tamping head, a track shifting unit and a reference system for controlling the track leveling and lining by the track shifting unit, and a drive for advancing the frame assembly in the working direction along the track. The frame assembly comprises a main frame and an auxiliary frame mounted on at least one of the undercarriages, one end of the main frame being adjacent one end of the auxiliary frame. A coupling is arranged between the ends of the main and auxiliary frames to permit at least temporary adjustment of the spacing between the frame ends and relative movement between the frames in the working direction. Track surfacing equipment is mounted on the auxiliary frame and the drive comprises a drive for the auxiliary frame. A control is operatively associated with the auxiliary frame drive for selectively driving the auxiliary frame with the main frame and relative to the main frame.

Abstract: A roller-coaster track includes a vertical loop and terminates in two steep rises, with a loading and unloading station disposed along a horizontal stretch of track between the loop and the lower of the two rises. An endless belt underneath that horizontal stretch entrains a carriage which, when moving along an upper run of that belt, accelerates a passenger train at the station from standstill to a velocity sufficient to let that train pass through the loop in one direction, ascend the higher rise, descend that rise and pass once more through the loop in the opposite direction before ascending and descending the lower rise, eventually coming to rest at the station. The accelerating force is derived, at the start of the ride, from stored potential or kinetic energy such as that of a weight dropping inside a guide tube or a flywheel intermittently coupled with the belt.

Abstract: An arrangement comprises a pipeline filled with liquid at atmospheric pressure. The pipeline serves for displacement of containers with cargo therein by means of driven conveyors arranged along the pipeline. Endless traction members of the conveyors comprise belts having at least one row of equally spaced elements. Each container has at least one longitudinal groove with stops for engagement with the belt elements during the displacement of the containers. The arrangement according to the invention enables transportation of cargoes with comparatively low power consumption.

Abstract: A hand held seed planter includes a tubular body and a pair of ground-opening jaws pivotally carried on one end of the body. A seed hopper is slidably mounted on the other end of the body and a ground engaging collar is carried on the one end, surrounding the jaws and mounted for sliding movement on the tubular body. When the soil collar is placed on the ground and a downward force applied to the handle attached to the hopper, the jaws are moved downward into the soil and create a seed opening in the soil. Adjustable pins on the collar control the depth of the opening. At the same time, a seed scoop recess, carrying a seed, is brought into alignment with an opening in a tube which extends through the hopper. A seed is then transferred into the tube, passing through the tubular body and between the jaws, to be planted in the seed opening.

Abstract: A novel attachment device is provided which can be used to secure two members together, such as a shelf and a support column, with a screw and nut and which does not require the use of a wrench to keep the nut from rotating during tightening of the screw with a screwdriver. A sheet metal shelf has a depending flange with a hole in a deformable region of sheet metal between two parallel vertical slots near the corner of the shelf. A shelf support column has a vertical U-shaped channel with a hole therein. To connect a shelf to a support column, the deformable region of the shelf flange is placed across the opening of the U-shaped channel in the support column with the holes in the flange and support column in alignment and then a screw is inserted therethrough. A nut is threadingly engaged on the screw to bear against one side of the deformable region of the shelf flange and to deform the region into the U-shaped channel of the support column.

Abstract: A presser foot for a sewing machine includes a shank detachably connected to a sewing machine presser foot bar. The shank has a transverse slot formed at the bottom thereof and a lug provided with a slit extending rearwardly from the back thereof. A lever is pivotally connected to the lug. A plate bridges both the lug and the lever to hold opposite ends of a torsion spring positioned in the slit of the lug to urge the lever by its biasing force. A rod is connected at its base to the lower end of the lever and movably extends through a longitudinal bore to project into the transverse slot of the shank until a stopper of the rod touches the edge of the bore. A presser foot shoe has a pair of supports for supporting a shaft extending transversely of the shoe and adapted to be received in the transverse slot and retained therein by the forward end of the rod closing the open side of the transverse slot.

Abstract: A thread separating finger used in combination with a knife assembly adapted for cutting thread utilized in a sewing machine with said assembly having first and second levers, each lever having first and second end portions and a medial portion therebetween, said first end portion of said second lever defining a first cutting blade portion, first means at said second end portion of said second lever for mounting said second lever for pivotal movement, a link having first and second end portions and a medial portion therebetween, said first end portion of said link defining a second cutting blade portion cooperative with said first cutting blade portion for cutting a thread therebetween upon relative pivoting motion between said link and said second lever, second means pivotally connecting together said medial portions of said link and second lever, and third means pivotally connecting together the first end portion of said first lever and the second end portion of said link whereby motion imparted to the seco

Abstract: A craft for traveling on a surface of a sea, the craft including a pair of parallel, spaced-apart, elongated pontoons or floats mounted to the underside of a cabin, which thus is supported elevated above the water surface, the forward ends of the pontoons being tapered to a narrow edge, a rudder at a rear of each float, and a motor mounted upon the cabin turning an air-driving propeller for moving the craft on the water.

Abstract: The derrick barge comprises a pair of laterally spaced elongated hulls having a plurality of upstanding columns spaced therealong supporting a working platform and a heavy duty derrick or crane in spaced relation above the hulls. The hulls bouyantly support the vessel including its deck load in the floating condition with the hulls having freeboard. The hulls have ballast compartments to submerge the hulls and portions of the stabilizing columns to a distance of approximately one-half the effective height of the stabilizing columns to maintain the vessel in a semisubmerged floating condition with the platform and derrick elevated above the waterline. However, the vessel also may be ballasted or deballasted to submerge or emerge to a greater or lesser extent from the semisubmerged condition such that the distance between the mean water surface and either the underside of the deck or top side of the hull is not less than 0.75 of the mean wave height.

Abstract: A V boat hull with air chamber substantially aft and entirely beneath the waterline. The air chamber reduces drag, thereby improving hull efficiency and speed, without substantially altering V hull handling characteristics and aesthetics.

Abstract: This is an apparatus to provide automatic self-steering for seacraft, particularly high speed sailing craft of the multi-hull type such as catamarans and trimarans which tend to respond instantly to small shifts in rudder angle. It includes a wind vane, many types of which are well known, which can be pre-set to respond to the direction of the apparent wind encountered by the craft while sailing on a pre-selected compass course to control a rudder and a damping mechanism or course stabilizer which is responsive to any temporary attempt of the craft to turn in either direction away from the desired and pre-selected compass course by either opposing the action of the wind vane as the wind vane responds to a temporary shift in apparent wind direction and tries to turn the craft away from the pre-selected course or, if the craft is turned off course as by wave action, acting to help the wind vane turn the rudder so as to bring the craft back onto the pre-selected compass course.

Abstract: The coupling mechanism comprises a pair of spaced connecting rods secured to the stern of a barge and apparatus mounted on the tug for receiving the connecting rods. The rod receiving apparatus comprises a pair of vertical circular disc members each having a diameter smaller than the spacing between the connecting rods. Contact members are secured to the peripheries of the circular disc members to form a V shaped groove therebetween for receiving the connecting rods. The circular disc members are urged toward each other by a spring, and stop members are provided to limit the rotational movement of the circular disc members. A cushion member is provided to absorb the shock created when the tug and barge are coupled together. Further, a holding device is provided for holding the coupling mechanism in an operative state or in an inoperative state.

Abstract: A heavy submersible object is deployed from or retrieved to a floating vessel in rough water. The connection or release point is sufficiently far below the water surface that surface waves have little if any effect on the object. Deployment and retrieval are made to an arm which depends from the vessel and which has a variable stiffness connection, ranging from free-swinging to rigid, to the vessel. Deployment and retrieval are made with the arm free-swinging from the vessel so the arm has no motion due to pitch or roll of the vessel. In retrieval, the connection is progressively stiffened to rigid after the object has been connected to the arm, and the arm is then raised with the retrieved object.

Abstract: A high lateral load capacity, free-fall, deadweight anchor comprising a f plate having a lip attached to its periphery to eliminate skating during free-fall; a wire mesh screen attached to the lip to control vortex shedding such that the flat plate maintains an upright posture during free-fall; and a plurality of shear keys attached to the underside of the plate which imparts a high lateral load capability to the anchor.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for watercrafts, especially for boats with an engine installed inboard and with a Z-drive arranged outboard, which is pivotally arranged at the rear wall of the boat about an essentially horizontal axis and which can be pivoted by at least one lifting cylinder installed transversely to the pivot axis between the Z-drive and the boat wall; the lifting cylinder is thereby rigidly secured to the housing of the Z-drive and is connected with the place of connection on the side of the boat by way of a link structure which cooperates with the lifting cylinder as also with the connecting place by way of a pivot bearing.

Abstract: A tablet dispensing device comprises a substantially flat support having a single tablet dispensing aperture therein. A tray is adapted to rotate on one surface of the support and has a plurality of openings therein disposed in a circular orientation. The openings are arranged to individually align in registration with the aperture upon rotation of the tray. The tray is adapted to receive a tablet dispensing package containing a plurality of tablets. A tablet is dispensed by pressing it from the package through its corresponding opening in the tray and then through the aperture in the support for collection by the operator thereof. Rotation of the tray sequentially places each opening over the aperture in alignment therewith so that the remaining tablets can be individually dispensed.

Abstract: A portable score keeping device for use in strenuous games such as tennis, racket ball, Ping-Pong, etc., suitable for attachment to the wrist or the waist of the player, is constructed so that successive points and games as they are scored may be fed into the device and totals shown through windows visible to the player. A novel ratchet and pawl arrangement facilitates the feeding in of data to the device and prevents errors which might be caused by improper registering or accidental movement of the mechanism during play.

Abstract: A fish-gathering block comprising a plurality of supports erected on a base frame and supporting an upper structure. The current flows through an opening between the lower end of the upper structure and the base frame. This flowthrough opening prevents the sinking of the fish-gathering block into the sea-bottom by eliminating or materially weakening the ocean-current's excavating action.

Abstract: An object is releasably attachable to a fastener mounted on a girth strap fastened around an animal so that the object rides securely above the animal's back as the animal runs, and the object is removable from the fastener by means of a lariat or by manual grasping and removing. The fastener on the girth strap is preferably a pair of spring clips, and the object preferably has a holding strap securable in the spring clips, which are oriented to open rearwardly of the animal. The object is preferably shaped as a horned pommel to provide a convenient roping target, and roping the object from off the back of a calf saves wear and tear on horses, calves, and ropers, while realistically simulating actual calf roping.

Abstract: A retractable leash for dogs and like pets includes a housing having a generally cylindrical cavity in which a rotatable reel is mounted and spring biased in one direction with a flexible leash member wound on the reel and extending externally of the housing and connected to a handle. The handle is defined by a resilient loop which encircles and resiliently biases into engagement with the housing for providing a compact arrangement when the leash is not in use.

Abstract: An animal handling system incorporating in one embodiment a vertically movable platform connected by cables to a drive mechanism for lowering an animal into a pool of water. In another aspect, a hydrotherapeutic apparatus for horses comprises a horse accommodating tank having anatomically positioned whirlpool hot water/air injection nozzle jets for administering hydrotherapeutic treatment. The animal is preferably lowered directly into the tank, and the vertically movable platform is combined with the hydrotherapy tank for this purpose.

Abstract: A frame supporting spray means is in the form of a stall, open at one end and closed at the other end by a trough; nothing happens when the animal enters, so he enters unsuspectingly, but he gets the full treatment when he backs out.

Abstract: An air-cooled process heat exchanger is connected to a process fired heater which uses ambient air for combustion. The exhaust air from the heat exchanger is used as preheated air to the combustion furnace, resulting in energy savings and decreased fuel consumption.

Abstract: Carbonaceous material, preferably coal or like finely divided solids with a mean particle diameter of 30 to 250 microns, is burned to produce steam in a fluid-bed furnace having a lower free space without internal fixtures and provided above this free space with internal cooling surfaces. A secondary-gas inlet introduces the secondary gas so that the volume ratio of fluidizing gas to secondary gas ranges from 1:20 to 2:1 at a location above the fluidizing-gas and fuel inlets but below the internal cooling surfaces, the gas velocity of the several gases being adjusted so that the mean suspension density of the solids above the secondary-gas inlet is 15 to 100 kg/m.sup.3. Approximately stoidiometric conditions are maintained with respect to the oxygen in the gases introduced and the carbonaceous material and solids are recycled to the bed after being separated from the gases emanating therefrom.

Abstract: A mechanical arrangement to reduce drastically the energy consumption for pumping condensate to feed high pressure vapor generators for power generation, industrial processing, and heating systems. Involved is a method to pump the condensate into one condensate receiver located at the sucton side of the condensate feed pump, and to bleed high pressure vapor from the vapor generator into the condensate receiver for imposing a pressure head upon the condensate therein to be approximately the same as that in the generator, and thus the pressure difference between the suction side and the discharge side of the pump is also drastically reduced while pumping the condensate into the generator, with the result that the energy consumption of the pump is also drastically reduced. The receiver is full of high pressure vapor while the condensate therein is drained by the pump, and the high pressure vapor means energy.

Abstract: Emission control apparatus for internal combustion engine includes an exhaust composition sensor to sense the mixture ratio, a circuit for clamping the mixture ratio to a predetermined constant value to prevent the mixture from becoming too rich or too lean when a failure should occur in the control loop, for example, in the exhaust composition sensor fail and a circuit for interrupting the clamping circuit when the engine operating condition is such that the sensor is caused to produce low voltage signals although the sensor is functioning properly.

Abstract: A fuel intake system for an internal combustion engine which includes a cooling water jacket surrounding the intake manifold to cool at least the air component of a fuel-air combustion charge just prior to its introduction into the combustion chambers of the engine.

Abstract: Exhaust gas recirculation system for an automotive engine in which that portion of the exhaust stream is selectively withdrawn which contains the major amount of undesirable ingredients. Said portion of gas from each cylinder is received in a common mixing chamber and thereafter passed to the inlet side of the engine for mixing with fresh charge entering the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multiple spark plug ignition internal combustion engine is equipped with an EGR control system which consists of an EGR control valve disposed in an EGR passageway connecting an exhaust gas passageway and an intake passageway. The EGR control system is arranged to control EGR rate in accordance with venturi vacuum and in accordance with the exhaust gas pressure in the EGR passageway upstream of the EGR control valve. The EGR control system comprises a device for decreasing the EGR rate under a suburban area cruising condition of a motor vehicle on which the engine is mounted.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines includes a reciprocating and rotating pump piston. Fuel delivery to the pressure line connected to an injection valve can be interrupted by the opening of a main control orifice in the wall of the cylinder which permits fuel to return to a low pressure volume of the pump. In order to provide for pressure relief of the pressure line when no injection takes place, there are provided a pressure control valve and a pressure relief conduit which bypasses this valve. The pressure relief conduit terminates in an auxiliary control orifice in the wall of the cylinder and is also obturated by the piston during its motion. The two control orifices are so located as to be opened in a predetermined sequence. The piston surface includes portions which block the auxiliary control orifice during engine starting.

Abstract: A fluid pressure chamber is formed in a fuel injection valve, in which a piston connected to a nozzle needle is reciprocally disposed. The pressure chamber is supplied with fluid under pressure from a fluid pump through a check valve. The pressure chamber is also connected with an orifice. When a fuel is distributed from a fuel injection pump under pressure and supplied to the injection valve, the nozzle needle is lifted by the distributed fuel under pressure. When the nozzle needle is lifted, the fluid in the pressure chamber is compressed for causing a fluid pressure applied to the piston in a valve closing direction, whereby the starting of the fuel injection becomes gentle, decreasing combustion noises.