Abstract: A hydraulic apparatus for changing flow rate by displacing the flow rate changing member of a variable displacement hydraulic pump accommodated in a casing for eliminating any surplus and leaked oil and diminished kinetic energy loss comprises an actuator, a flow rate control valve, a resilient member accommodated in the casing to urge the flow rate changing member toward the direction where the flow rate of the hydraulic pump is increased, first and second sliding members slidably received in first and second cylinder chambers, respectively, provided in the casing to urge the flow rate changing member toward the direction where the flow rate of the hydraulic pump is decreased, a first fluid conduit having one end connected with an outward port of the hydraulic pump and the other end connected with a rear port of the actuator, a second fluid conduit having one end connected with a fore port of the actuator and the other end connected with an inlet port of the hydraulic pump through the flow rate control valve

Abstract: A thermodynamic flotation engine designed to operate using waste heat contained in hot fluids such as water is provided which is of simple construction and allows for continuous operation with no other outside energy source being required. The engine includes an upright fluid tank adapted to receive the hot fluid, with a continuous loop member having a series of discrete bladders mounted thereon. The loop member is supported for continuous movement of successive portions thereof into and out of the fluid filled tank from bottom to top, as by means of a pair of spaced apart pulley members.

Abstract: Heat energy is converted to mechanical motion utilizing apparatus including a cylinder, a piston having openings therein reciprocable in the cylinder, inlet and outlet ports for warm water at one end of the cylinder, inlet and outlet ports for cool water at the other end of the cylinder, gates movable with the piston and slidably engaging the cylinder wall to alternately open and close the warm and cool water ports, a spring bearing against the warm water side of the piston and a double helix of a thermal shape memory material attached to the cool end of the cylinder and to the piston. The piston is caused to reciprocate by alternately admitting cool water and warm water to the cylinder.

Abstract: Known vacuum brake boosters are provided with a heavy sheet metal vacuum housing for transmitting reaction forces of the mechanical actuation to the booster carrier plate secured to a vehicle. According to the present invention the weight of the booster is remarkably reduced by providing draw bars for transmitting the reaction forces to the carrier plate inside the vacuum housing parallel to the push rod, penetrating the vacuum piston or movable wall and connecting both transverse end walls of the vacuum housing to the carrier plate. The draw bars are sealed at their point of penetration of the vacuum piston by small rolling membranes which are surrounded by tubular members fastened to the vacuum piston. A base plate assembly is provided including a base plate fastened to the transverse end wall of the vacuum housing adjacent the master cylinder, bolts fastened to one side of the base plate upon which the master cylinder is fastened and the draw bars are fastened to the other side of the base plate.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a coolant system for an internal combustion engine including a turbocharger and an aftercooler. The coolant system comprises an engine loop and an aftercooler loop both loops utilizing a single pump. The engine loop includes the pump, the engine block and head, a first radiator, and a radiator bypass branch. The aftercooler loop includes the pump, the aftercooler, a second radiator, and a radiator bypass branch. Each loop further includes a temperature responsive flow control thermostat for regulating the coolant flow through the associated radiator and/or bypass branch. The thermostat in the aftercooler loop is mounted in the coolant intake line leading to the aftercooler, but it responds to the temperature of the coolant leaving the aftercooler.

Abstract: An improved cryopump has cryopanels with pressed zeolite plates mounted thereon. The plates are maintained in intimate but unbonded contact with the panels by use of spring-type mechanisms. Older style panels have clay-bonded zeolite casts attached to their surfaces. The new configuration allows relative expansion and contraction between the zeolite plates and the panels, thereby improving durability of the zeolite. The resilient attachments assure that intimate contact and consequent good cooling of the zeolite adsorptive surface will be maintained during operation of the pump. The zeolite panels are desirably less than about 8 mm thick and are made by isostatic compaction of powders having pore sizes in the range of 2-25.times.10.sup.-10 m.

Abstract: A method of freezing animal carcasses comprises spraying the carcass with liquid nitrogen to produce a chilled outer layer thereby to seal the moisture within the carcass for the dual purpose of maintaining the quality of the meat and preventing the frosting or icing up of the heat exchange coils of a forced draught cooling system utilized subsequently to bring the entirety of the carcass to a desired chilled or frozen condition. Also disclosed is a freezing room including means for liberating a cryogenic liquid into the air stream from the fans of a forced draught cooling system for rapid pull-down of the room temperature.

Abstract: A device responsive to an unusual temperature change in a refrigerant compressor using an electromagnetic clutch including a magnet coil as an actuating element of the clutch, comprising an overcurrent-responsive element such as a fuse connected in parallel with the magnet coil, a temperature-responsive switch operative to be open when the temperature in the compressor rises beyond a predetermined value, and a switching element such as a transistor which is non-conductive when the temperature-responsive switch is closed and which is made conductive to cause the fuse to melt when the temperature-responsive switch is made to open.

Abstract: A system and method for managing energy in large refrigeration systems and the like by continuously monitoring operating parameters and controlling to optimize the refrigeration system elements. A multiplicity of remote sensors is disposed at the appropriate points in the refrigeration system to produce analog electrical signals representative of various temperatures such as wet bulb temperature, dry bulb temperature, condensing temperature, evaporator air temperature, evaporator refrigerant temperature, and similar temperatures, and various pressures such as head pressure, booster suction pressure, intermediate suction pressure, and the like. A signal processor is provided to receive signals from the sensors, to condition the analog signals, convert to digital signals and to feed a digital computer which has a memory for storing system design parameters and refrigerant characteristics.

Abstract: A transport refrigeration system having the capability of either heating or cooling at high or low speed and with the compressor loaded or unloaded is controlled by a temperature control system including a heat relay 1K and a speed relay 2K, and has an auxiliary control relay CR which is operative to maintain the compressor speed at a low speed in the temperature band 48 closely above and below the setpoint temperature, and will further maintain the low speed of the compressor for a predetermined time as the temperature rises above or below the narrow temperature band through time delay means 46 which, if uninterrupted in operation for the predetermined time period will drop out the control relay so the system can resume higher speed operation.

Abstract: An electronic temperature control having a temperature sensor (10) and a user-adjustable temperature range control (12). A difference amplifier (14) amplifies the difference between the signals from the temperature sensor and range control. A hysteresis comparator (16) then accepts the signal from the difference amplifier and uses it to control a transistor relay driver (18), which in turn controls the clutch coil (20) of the air conditioning system controlled by the temperature control. The transistor relay driver is disabled by an evaporator fan sensor (22) to avoid freeze-up of the evaporator when the fan is turned off. Since auto air conditioning systems rob the car's engine of power, an acceleration cut-out (24) is provided to disable the transistor relay driver when other power demands on the car's engine are great, such as on hard acceleration.

Abstract: Heat is recovered in a medium at higher than normal condensing temperature of a refrigeration system by using two cascade connected refrigeration systems and heating the medium in isolated stages by refrigerant subcooling and refrigerant condensing stages of the higher temperature system.

Abstract: A refrigerated display case having a display section within a cabinet and a movable door covering a front access opening to such display section. The door includes a frame member in which two glass members are mounted with an air space between the glass members. A refrigeration air conduit extends along the top, bottom and rear walls of the cabinet. The air conduit has an outlet opening and an inlet opening at opposing ends thereof with the openings being in alignment so that air leaving the outlet opening will be directed towards and received by the inlet opening thereby forming an air curtain across the front opening of the cabinet along the path inside the door. During a refrigeration cycle of operation of the display case, refrigerated air is circulated through the air conduit and a refrigeration mechanism arranged within the conduit so as to establish a refrigerated air band and a refrigerated air curtain across the front opening in the cabinet.

Abstract: The geothermal system for conditioning air includes a heat pump (10) of the liquid-to-air type and an improved heat sink (40) in heat exchange relationship with the subterranean water system of the earth and connected to the heat pump through a liquid circulating system. The heat sink includes an elongate metallic liquid container (41) providing a large amount of surface contact with the earth and of a sufficient length and buried at a sufficient depth to provide a good heat transfer relationship with the subterranean water system of the earth. A liquid inlet conduit (44) communicates with the interior of the upper end of the liquid container (41) and an outlet conduit (insulator tube 45 and return pipe 54) extends longitudinally within the container and thermally insulates the outlet liquid from the liquid in the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a weather tight cover which overlies the portion of a through-the-wall air conditioner that protrudes into a room. The cover has a peripheral sealing gasket to tightly fit against the molding or wall surfaces surrounding the opening for the air conditioner to thereby tightly seal the entire unit to provide for a draft free, insulated cover that conserves energy by substantially reducing heat losses through the interior air conditioner openings and through gaps between the outer air conditioner housing and the edges of the opening through the wall.

Abstract: An ice cube for use in beverages and which will not melt, so that it will not dilute the beverage, the ice cube being molded of transparent plastic so to resemble ice, and which can be frozen in a refrigerator freezer prior to use; and the ice cube in one design carrying an identifying numeral, which becomes less visible when the beverage and cube get less cold.

Abstract: A cooling arrangement to be used in liquefying natural gas and in similar applications and having an incorporated cascade circuit with a fractional condensation of a cooling medium and with separation of the phases of the cooling medium, has such a lay-out and is so operated that the warming-up of the expanded cooling medium in a countercurrent evaporative heat exchange and the warming-up of the expanded cooling medium in a countercurrent supercooling heat exchange are in parallel to one another. The separated gaseous phase of the cooling medium is cooled in the countercurrent evaporative heat exchange to be at least partially condensed. The countercurrent supercooling heat exchange and the countercurrent evaporative heat exchange are thermally segregated from one another.

Abstract: In a constant velocity universal joint, an inner joint body is inserted into a hollow outer joint body. A cage is positioned between the inner and outer joint bodies and balls held in windows in the cage extend into grooves formed in the facing surfaces of the inner and outer joint bodies. The centers of the balls are located in a plane which bisects the angle between the axis of the inner and outer joint bodies when the universal joint is bent. The windows in the cage have two boundary surfaces extending parallel to the plane containing the centers of the balls. One of the two boundary surfaces includes a bevelled face extending outwardly to the outer surface of the cage. The prolongation of the bevelled surface intersects the plane containing the centers of the balls.

Abstract: An improved kelly is provided with a drive section which has a uniform cross section defined by three generally flat drive sides alternating with three generally arcuate sides. The three arcuate sides are spaced an equal radii from the central axis of the kelly and the three flat drive sides lie in planes that form an equilateral triangle therebetween.The improved kelly is driven by an improved mating kelly drive bushing which has three rollers positioned so as to evenly transmit torque to the three flat drive sides of the kelly simultaneously.

Abstract: An adjustable agitation system for an automatic washing machine, a drive shaft oscillatable about a first axis and an agitator oscillatable about a second axis. First and second drive members are mounted for oscillation with the drive shaft and agitator and form a plurality of selectively engageable finger and slot arrangements for oscillating the agitator through a selected one of a plurality of arcs in response to oscillation of the drive shaft through a predetermined arc.

Abstract: In a clothes washer, liquid pulses are delivered to a bucket or tank of water to create continuously re-circulating flow therein in a vertical plane. Air is introduced into the water pulses and forms air bubbles in the tank which attract dirt particles and carry them to the surface where they are removed as part of a continuous surface overflow. In a preferred embodiment the liquid pulses are delivered by a novel fluidic oscillator of the feedback type in which air is continuously entrained by the power stream from each feedback passage in alternation. In one form, the oscillator utilizes scoop-type feedback passages between respective outlet passages and control ports, each feedback passage communicating with an air passage. In a second form of oscillator the feedback passages are of the suction type which are aspirated by the liquid outflow through respective oscillator outlet passages.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing regenerated leather characterized by preparing a short-fiber and a long-fiber leather pulps from wasted natural leather; sending the two kinds of pulps separately to a refrigerator for freezing and then drying in a vacuum dryer; thus forming two sheets of cake-like leather by combining the two sheets to one and dipping with proper bonding agent, the long-fiber leather sheet is fluffed by a fluff-forming machine thus to form a regenerated natural leather.

Abstract: A lock plug for use with a glad hand coupler of the air brake line of a tractor - trailer. The lock plug is insertable into and held in place locked within the air passage of the glad hand coupler to prevent unauthorized hookup of the plugged glad hand coupler with a mating glad hand coupler.

Abstract: A cable lock having an elongated lock body secured to one end of the cable with a transverse cable receiving bore passing completely through the lock body and a key-actuated plug carried by the body with first securement means associated with the transverse cable receiving bore. The opposite end of the cable has a lug end engagement member adapted to be received in the transverse bore and means for interlocking engagement with the key plug engagement means upon rotation of a key in the plug to secure the cable to the lock body. A plurality of spaced lug engagement members carried by the cable likewise have securement means to be interlocked with the cable body such that the cable can be locked to the body in a plurality of positions to provide varying size loops of cable used for securement of bicycles, motorcycles and the like.

Abstract: A safe having a base plate to be covered by a hingedly mounted hood which can be locked in place by a lock carried by the hood, wherein the locking element carried by the hood not only fits under a retainer element on the base plate but also fits in a slot in the hood.

Abstract: Locking mechanism has both a key setting multiple tumblers to unique positions and a combination wheel for each tumbler so that opening of the lock requires setting each wheel to correspond to its tumbler position. For a single lock, different keys require different combinations. A mechanical recorder records the wheel positions with each lock opening so that all combinations used for access can be read, if necessary.

Abstract: In rotary cylinder locks with spring-loaded, two-piece tumbler pins which are disposed radially to the lock cylinder and which interact with recesses 9, 10, 11 arranged in the side surfaces of flat keys 4, some of the recesses 10, 11 are disposed in steps. In this manner, one recess (for instance 10) shows differing control surfaces 10a, 10b, 10c, which can interact with differently disposed inner pins. By omitting some control surfaces (for instance 10a), auxiliary or single keys can be created, which can only position part of all inner pins of the same group. In this manner the number of differing locking possibilities of such locks can be multiplied.

Abstract: A key for use in a hierarchal lock system with an elongated body and selectively spaced notches cut on an elongated edge of the body. Two rows of discontinuous rib members are attached to each side of the elongated body of the key.

Abstract: A key holder which includes a body and a key pivotably mounted on the body and movable between an operating position in which the key is disposed outside of the body and a non-operating position in which the key is housed within the body. The key holder may also include a biasing member for maintaining the key at the operating position thereof or the non-operating position thereof and the key may include a stopper member disposed thereon which is engageable with the body to maintain the key at the non-operating position thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wiper die arrangement improvement for use on tube bending machine tools, and comprises an assembly (18) including a base member (19) that can be mounted to the tube bending machine and a wiper die insert member (20) engaged with the base whereby the insert member (20) can be longitudinally adjusted to compensate for wear or damage of the feather-edge (32 thereon) without the necessity for realignment or set up readjustment of the base member (19) to the bending machine.

Abstract: A clamshell-type rolling mill stand is provided with separate top and bottom housing boxes each carrying a cantilevered work roll. The rolls are in the form of roll rings mounted on the front extension of a main shaft carried in a main load bearing in the front wall and a reaction load bearing in the back wall of the housing box. Each housing box contains a drive gear integral with the main shaft which is driven by a plurality of planetary pinions. Each pinion shaft projects through the box back wall where it is coupled to a drive motor, usually hydraulic, fixed to a bracket also mounted on the box to move with it. A fixed pass line is maintained by means of a symmetrical adjustment of the top and bottom housing boxes on either side of the pass line.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for generating a rotatable magnetic field for calibing a compass. The field generated overcomes the earth's magnetic field and any other nearby magnetic field. A U-shaped housing has a first calibrated dial on the top horizontal member and a dial on the bottom horizontal member. The dials are mechanically linked to rotate in unison. Each dial contains a pair of bar magnets. The compass to be tested is positioned within the interior of the U-shaped housing. An adjustment knob is provided for turning the top and bottom dials and thereby permitting orientation of the four magnets within a range of 360.degree.. The accuracy of the compass can thereby be tested.

Abstract: A pair of calibrated cylinders are connected by means of an interconnecting valve with an inlet valve at one end of one cylinder and a pressure gauge connected to one end of the other cylinder. The first cylinder is filled with condensable coolant containing a noncondensable gas contaminant and is valved off to the atmosphere. When the interconnecting valve between the cylinders is opened the condensable coolant and noncondensable gas are allowed to volatilize into the other cylinder until thermal equilibrium is established between both cylinders. The absolute pressure, which is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the noncondensable gas and the known vapor pressure of the coolant at the equilibrium temperature, allows the quantity of noncondensable gas to be determined using Henry's Law.

Abstract: A device for measuring thickness of storage cell plates in sorting comprises a hollow case (1) divided by a movable diaphragm (2) into a measuring chamber (3) and a counterpressure chamber (4). The measuring chamber (3) connects via an outlet duct (7) with a sensing element (8) which has a space for accommodating a storage cell plate (11) to be measured. The counterpressure chamber (4) connects via an outlet duct (16) and a counterpressure nozzle (17) with a transmitting element (18) which is fixedly attached to the movable diaphragm (2) and is constructed as a wedge (19) with a blind (21) fixedly attached thereto. The device further includes an indicator of travel of the transmitting element (18) constructed as a multirange photorelay (24) acted upon by the blind (21).

Abstract: A self-stabilizing position sensor for pneumatic measurement. A nozzle, mounted on one end of a tube, blows compressed air directly against a surface to be sensed. The tube has on its other end an outlet member with restricting openings beyond which is a throttle plate, and a member for controlling a known, essentially frictionless position sensor. The midsection of the tube extends through a compressed-air chamber and through the chamber end walls where the tube is born on air cushions. The portion of the tube inside said chamber has inlet holes for compressed air flowing towards and through the nozzle or reversely towards and through said openings. By virtue of a gap, the throttle plate constitutes a non-sealing cover for a second chamber where the openings open.

Abstract: A device for testing filter cigarettes, comprises a drum or equivalent means for conveying cigarettes in succession through a test station at which each cigarette in turn is tested with the aid of a pressure chamber surrounding the wrapper of the cigarette, and a pressure detector connected to the filter end of the cigarette while the tobacco end of the cigarette is open to atmosphere, and including means for measuring the pressure in the pressure chamber and means for comparing that pressure with the pressure detected at the filter end of the cigarette. Preferably there is a second test station at which the pressure chamber extends over the tobacco end of the cigarette, and a second pressure detector is connected to the filter end of the cigarette.

Abstract: Actual signals from various sensors which sense the operational state of an internal combustion engine, or dummy signals from a dummy signal generator, are selectively supplied to a control unit. This unit calculates from the actual or dummy signals and outputs control signals which are then selectively supplied to actual loads, such as actuators, or dummy loads, thereby determining the control signals under respective conditions.

Abstract: Apparatus for accurately measuring the power of a pulsed laser without blocking or unduly perturbing the beam. The power of the beam is accurately and reliably measured by measuring the pressure of air which is expanded by heat from the laser beam.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent resistor is embodied as a hot wire and secured by support elements in a probe ring. At least one of the support elements has a contact area having the smallest possible cross section on which a hot wire securing portion is defined. The hot wire is secured to the contact area at the securing portion. The contact area may be embodied, for example, as sharp-pointed or cylindrical and cause a minimum possible conduction of heat away from the hot wire along the support element, so that even during a glow burnoff process the entire hot wire length, up to the securing portion is burned free of deposits and thus continuously satisfactory functioning of the air flow rate meter is assured.

Abstract: A temperature indicative hotpack is disclosed. A temperature monitoring unit has an indicating portion and a sensing portion with the monitoring unit being mounted on one liquid permeable wall enclosing a heat retaining material so that the temperature of the heat retaining material is accurately determined by the sensing portion within the enclosure and displayed externally of the enclosure by means of the indicating portion so that the hotpack can be safely and effectively utilized.

Abstract: Ultrasonic apparatus and method measures the characteristics of materials by sensing changes in the impedance to applied drive excitation of an ultrasonic probe using a crystal sensor that is integral with the ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the position of a sensor with respect to a color screen are disclosed. The screen is colored with first and second colors in such a way that the intensity of each color varies from a minimum to maximum along a respective direction lying in the plane of the screen, the two respective directions being oblique to each other. As a result, each point on the screen is characterized by a unique pair of color intensities. The sensor is provided with means for measuring the intensity of each color at the point on the colored surface corresponding to the location of the sensor. In one advantageous application of the invention, one surface of a screen is colored as described above, and the screen is placed over an object to be ultrasonically inspected.

Abstract: The invention involves a digital synthetic-focus, acoustic imaging system which is operative in real time and includes one or more electro-acoustic transducers arranged to receive broadband pulses from a pulse generator for excitation of acoustic pulses which are directed into the region under observation. Signals reflected from an object or discontinuity in the region are received by the same transducers, and after inverse filtering and nonlinear amplification are converted to digital signals. These digital signals are stored in separate high speed random access memory units for storage, but are subsequently time-equalized through use of a programmed focus memory unit prior to delivery to a digital adder and thence through a digital-to-analog converter for ultimate intensity modulation on a raster scanned display unit which provides the real time image.

Abstract: An ultrasonic image of improved resolution is obtained by utilizing separate transducers respectively for transmission and reception of ultrasonic pulses employed for imaging a subject, one transducer being a conical or simulated conical transducer having a line focus along the cone axis and the other transducer being aimed along the line focus of the first transducer. An area to be imaged may be scanned by moving the transducers as a unit about the subject portion to be examined.

Abstract: The amplitude of mechanical vibration of a surface is measured by a photonic sensor coupled to an electronics package. The sensor is mounted inside a sensor housing which is inserted into a bore within a base housing. The base housing may be attached to a seismically independent surface or to the vibrating surface itself. The sensor housing is biased toward the open end of the bore in the base housing so that it contacts the vibrating surface, placing the sensor in communication with the vibrating surface. In this configuration, the sensor housing will remain substantially stationary at one peak of the vibration, tracking thermally induced changes in the position of the vibrating surface while the sensor and attached electronics package measures the amplitude of the surface vibration.

Abstract: A pressure transducer for automobiles comprises a closed housing, a member for detecting the pressure in the suction pipe of an engine and converting the pressure detected into electric signals, an amplification circuit disposed in the closed housing, and an air passage. The air passage communicates with the atmosphere, but prevents water from penetrating therethrough into the closed housing. The air passage comprises an air hole formed in a member defining the closed housing about terminals provided for leading the electric signals out of the closed housing.

Abstract: A magnetic flowmeter includes a coil driving circuit which controls both the maximum, steady state current and the current rise time through the coils and makes them independent of the inductance of the particular coil being driven. The maximum current is set by a reference voltage derived from a common source with a second reference voltage utilized in the signal processing chain. The ratio of these reference voltages therefore remains constant and the output signal is independent of the absolute value of the common source of the two reference voltages.

Abstract: An apparatus for ultrasonically determining fluid flow passing through a measurement section includes a tube which has two ends and an average predetermined inner cross-sectional area; the tube constitutes the measurement section. A sound-emitting transducer is disposed near one end of the tube, which has a first sound-transfer surface, and a sound-receiving transducer disposed near the other end of the tube, which has a second sound transfer surface. Each sound transfer surface is disposed at a sufficiently large predetermined distance from a corresponding end of the tube, so as to permit the fluid flowing through the tube. A fluid-receiving chamber communicates with the one end of the tube, and has a first average cross-sectional area, and a fluid-discharge chamber communicates with the other end of the tube, and has a second average cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A metal sampling apparatus including a cylindrically shaped mold having a closed end and an open end. The open end of the mold is closed by flat plate member. The apparatus is utilized to obtain a generally cylindrically-shaped sample of molten metal for testing and other purposes.

Abstract: A supersonic vibration driven motor comprising a supersonic oscillator and a mass rotationally driven thereby. The oscillator is provided with a vibration disc secured thereto on an end face thereof opposite to the mass to be driven. The mass is integrally formed with a plurality of plate-shaped resilient vibratory pieces annularly arranged on the end face opposite to the oscillator and axially extending at a predetermined angle of inclination relative to the axis of the mass, the vibration disc and vibratory pieces being located so as to come in contact with each other at their end portions, whereby vibratory displacement of the supersonic oscillator is transformed into rotational movement of the mass by way of flexible deformation of the vibratory pieces. Alternatively, the resilient vibratory pieces may be formed integrally with the vibration disc.