Abstract: A prefabricated steel frame building structural system which is assembled with nuts and bolts and required no shop welding or site fabrication. The columns and beams in the building are fabricated from lengths of very high strength, light gauge, stiffened C-channel steel stock. Uniquely designed haunch plates and haunch plate stiffener angles are used for column-beam connections and novel ridge plates and ridge plate stiffener angles are used for beam-beam connections to form the two hinged end wall and intermediate frames for the building. Also used are novel corner girt clips for securing the girts to the corner columns; rake purlin angles for securing purlins to the rake beams; and purlin girt clips for securing purlins to the intermediate beams and for securing girts to the intermediate columns. Each of the mentioned components are designed so that they may be used interchangeably at both the left and right sides of the building, there being no specially designed left and right said components.

Abstract: A pit cover for retaining heat in an open top, ring-shaped, carbon anode baking furnace comprises an insulating cement cast into the form of the cover, at least one metal beam embedded in the insulating cement, and a plurality of stainless steel needles interspersed substantially throughout the insulating cement for reinforcement purposes. The insulating cement has a K factor of approximately 2 to 4, a density of approximately 80 to 100 lb./ft..sup.3, a cold crushing strength in the range of 1,000 to 5,000 psi, and a low iron content, preferably, less than 2%.

Abstract: A device for anchoring a frame supporting rail to a construction site comprising a hollow collar attachable to the rail at an angular relationship to its longitudinal axis and a spike for positioning longitudinally through the hollow interior of the collar and when driven into the construction site, anchoring the rail thereto.

Abstract: A method of constructing a building having load-bearing and insulation properties comprising the steps of erecting a loose frame by first arranging a plurality of horizontally disposed lower steel channels in the form of a closed polygon on a base support, the channels having their ends welded together to form the lower corners of the frame. A plurality of vertical steel supporting posts are mounted on the lower corners and have their lower ends welded to the channels. A plurality of horizontally disposed upper steel beams are arranged in the form of a matching polygon above the channels, the beams having their ends welded together to form the upper corners of the frame. The beams are supported at the upper corners by welding the upper ends of the posts to the beams so as to dispose each upper corner above a lower corner whereby the upper polygon has a matching parallel relation to the lower polygon.

Abstract: Foamed construction apparatus and method wherein the walls of existing structures are used as one side of a form and a second form is attached either to the outside or the inside of the existing wall and spaced therefrom with suitable spacers and then filled with an expanding foam so as to substantially improve the insulating properties of the structure as well as to change its internal and/or external appearance. The insulating properties of the foam substantially increase the efficiency of the structure and the technique results in new and improved external and internal appearance of the structure.

Abstract: A card having a product thereon is fed by a conveyor into a card folding device. This involves the use of an air jet located below the conveyor, which is activated and causes the leading portion of the card as it passes thereover to go into an upright position approximately perpendicular to the conveyor. While in this position, the conveyor causes the card to be fed into fingers located above the conveyor which complete the fold rearwardly. While still under the influence of the fingers, the leading edge, or fold line, of the now folded card is fed into a creaser. At this point, a switch is tripped which raises a stop-bar which stops the card. A reciprocal plunger is now activated and is used to crease the leading edge by exerting downward pressure thereon against the stop-bar. Once creasing is completed, the stop-bar and plunger retract allowing the conveyor to take the card and product to the next packaging station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a container for storing product, a process and apparatus for making that container, a process and apparatus for drawing and blow forming plastic into a paperboard outer container and a process and apparatus for heat sealing a container. The container comprises a paperboard outer container and a plastic inner container which has been drawn and blow formed into the outer container. At the mouth of the container are horizontal plastic flanges which extend about the periphery of the container at least about 1/8 inch outwardly from the plastic inner container. Vertical flanges extend downwardly at least about 1/8 inch from the horizontal flanges. After product is placed in the container, the container is sealed by a heat sealable cover. A plastic overcap may be provided which engagedly fits around the container at its top.

Abstract: A method of manufacture of pre-filled ampuls and hypodermic needles where an ampul is formed by injection-moulding and blow-moulding. The ampul is filled with medicaments at the blow-moulding stage and a hypodermic needle is then affixed to the ampul.

Abstract: A one-piece protective garment for horse's legs comprises a flat, flexible pad foldable to encircle the legs and securable in position e.g. by "Velcro" straps on one side edge of the pad co-operating with "Velcro" strips at the other side edge. The pad consists of an outer layer of nylon-reinforced PVC, a central layer of foam and an inner layer of imitation fur. Extra thickness knee and hock portions are provided on the garment. The bottom edge of the pad is split to form a flap that covers the coronary band but flares over the hoof. The fleshy bulbs of the heels are covered.

Abstract: Resonant frequency operation of a reciprocating sickle (28) of a mowing device is achieved by connecting a torsion bar (97) to its actuating lever (82). The torsion bar (97) spring rate is such that when installed in a sickle and drive system, the resonant frequency of the sickle and its drive falls within the range of frequencies at which the sickle is reciprocated during crop cutting operations.

Abstract: In order to provide a higher cutting speed for a high speed harvester (11) torsion bars (31, 68) are connected to opposite ends of a crop cutting sickle (28). A pair of levers (46, 62) which connect the torsion bars (31, 68) to the sickle (28) carry a pair of removable counterweights (56, 96) which can be sized to change the resonant frequency to substantially correspond to the desired cutting speed. The levers (46, 62) may be interconnected by an adjustable tie bar (111) for hard to cut crops which is of sufficient mass to replace the counterweights; or, counterweights (156, 196) may be added to adjust the resonant frequency and hence the resonant cutting speed.

Abstract: A pirn exchange apparatus in double twister includes a bolster supporting a wharve of a spindle unit thereon. The bolster is mounted on a machine stand rotatably with one axis being as the center so that the bolster with the spindle unit is shifted in a tilting manner between the twisting position and the pirn exchange position.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for producing a bundle of fibrous elements, at least some of which are uneven in the thickness in the axial direction thereof, namely some of which include thick portions having a larger sectional area and thin portion having a smaller sectional area. In these fibrous elements constituting the fibrous bundle, the thick portions have, in general, a higher dyeability than the thin portions, and in the fibrous bundle, these higher dyeability portions are formed substantially randomly at a distribution ratio of at least 300 portions per 10 cm of the length of the fibrous bundle. This fibrous bundle is characterized in that it apparently resembles a fibrous bundle composed of fibrous elements uniform in the thickness and dyeability.

Abstract: A stranding machine having a stationary stranding head and a revolving storage and holding capstan is improved by winding one or more ribbons upon the bundle of stranding elements as they are being twisted about each other, preferably in an SZ pattern.

Abstract: A method for producing ornamental link chains (Venetian chains). In accordance with the invention the cutting to length is followed by a conveying step transversely to a feed direction, both conveying steps are carried out transversely to a direction of action during the cutting to length, preliminary and finish bending (closing), the section of flat wire is held down for the preliminary bending and for the closing, the particular closed individual link is pushed into the extraction section to adjust the first transverse web in the assembly plane, and the striking is superimposed on the extraction of the chain.

Abstract: A plant for producing power from solid fossil fuels, more particularly bituminous coal, is made up of at least one boiler in which the solid fuels are burned. The plant furthermore has a steam turbine and a gas turbine for producing power from the gas, the gases being cleaned of dust and sulfur before running into the gas turbine. The boiler of the plant is a pressure-fired boiler in which firing takes place in the dry condition, that is without melting of ash.

Abstract: A rocket engine is described having a hollow rotor positioned in axial alignment with an outer tubular casing. Fuel and oxidizer are mixed and burned in a first combustion chamber in the rotor and then expelled through nozzles into a second combustion chamber. Vanes are secured to the rotor for pumping air into the second combustion chamber through valve flaps during a first mode of operation, an oxidizer nozzle is positioned in alignment with the rotor axis for supplying oxidizer to the second combustion chamber during a second mode of operation.

Abstract: An electric air control switching valve for use in controlling the delivery of secondary air from an engine driven air pump selectively, as a function of both engine operation and the operation of its associated emission control system, to either the exhaust manifold of an engine, preferably at a location closely adjacent to the exhaust ports of the engine, during low temperature engine operation, to the atmosphere, as at the dirty side of the air cleaner associated with the induction system of the engine, during low temperature engine deceleration, to a converter in the exhaust system for the engine downstream of the exhaust manifold during normal engine operation, or again to the atmosphere, as at the dirty side of the air cleaner, when the converter temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle having at least two exhaust conduits connected to different cylinders of a multiple cylinder motorcycle engine. Each exhaust conduit includes a curved flow divider for directing a portion of the exhaust gases through a crossover pipe for passage through the other exhaust conduit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating power and irrigating plants by using unlimited natural resources of solar energy and earth heat. The method and apparatus utilize various forms of solar energy and/or earth heat to produce pressure difference in two air-evacuated interconnecting chambers and to create periodic oscillation of the volatile liquid in said two chambers. The energy of the periodic oscillation of the liquid is used to lift water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, thus creating a working hydraulic head. The water in the upper reservoir is then used to generate power or irrigate plants.

Abstract: Geothermal deep well energy extraction apparatus is provided of the general kind in which solute-bearing hot water is pumped to the earth's surface from a subterranean location by utilizing thermal energy extracted from the hot water for operating a turbine motor for driving an electrical power generator at the earth 3 s surface, the solute bearing water being returned into the earth by a reinjection well. Efficiency of operation of the total system is increased by an arrangement of coaxial conduits for greatly reducing the flow of heat from the rising brine into the rising exhaust of the down-well turbine motor.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel injector has distinct and separate flow paths for liquid and gaseous fuel which each terminate in outlets of decreasing cross-sectional area in order to prevent combustion products from the flame tube or tubes of the engine from flowing back into the injector, the separate fuel flow paths preventing fuel from migrating from one path to the other. Compressor delivery air is also arranged to flow through the fuel outlets and some mixing of fuel and air takes in the outlets before the fuel enters the flame tube.The fuel injector is formed in two separate and co-operating parts, a fuel feed arm attached to the engine casing and readily removable through a relatively small access aperture in the casing and a fuel and air inlet means which is attached to the head of the flame tube and defines the fuel and air inlets into the flame tube.

Abstract: A vehicle engine driven helical screw compressor for a gas refrigeration system includes a slide valve actuator for shifting the compressor slide valve to load and unload the compressor. In addition to a first solenoid operated control valve selectively connecting the slide valve actuator to compressor high side pressure to effect loading of the compressor and a second solenoid operated control for connecting the slide valve actuator to the compressor low side pressure to effect unloading, a tracking valve responsive to engine acceleration and deceleration connects the slide valve actuator to the low side pressure during engine acceleration for immediate unloading of the compressor and connects the slide valve actuator to the high side pressure during engine deceleration to immediately load the compressor.

Abstract: An improved engine cooling system is combined with a jet-driven heat pump system for utilizing otherwise wasted heat from an engine to produce refrigeration and heating of cabin, charge air and other media without requiring additional shaft power from the engine. In a closed cycle, vaporized refrigerant fluid is conveyed via jet ejectors from the engine cooling jacket at a high pressure and temperature and from refrigerant evaporators at low pressures and temperatures to a radiator/condenser at an intermediate pressure and temperature. The greater portion of condensed refrigerant fluid is pumped back to the engine (boiler) and the balance is throttled into the evaporators (heat exchangers) to produce an evaporative cooling effect. The vapor resulting therefrom is evacuated by the ejectors and returned to the condenser/radiator.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to apparatus for increasing the efficiency of a gas compressor plant by converting a portion of heat that is normally wasted into mechanical energy. The gas, when compressed, is heated due to the compression. The compressed and heated gas is passed through a cooler or heat exchanger where a portion of the heat of compression is transferred to a coolant. The heated coolant in turn is passed to a mechanical device where the heat energy is converted to useful mechanical energy.

Abstract: The present beverage cooling apparatus has an insulated container with an inclined bottom wall shaped to fit on top of a wheel well in the engine compartment of a car. A series of coiled pipes inside the container can be connected to the car's air conditioner to pass refrigerant through the interior of the container to cool the drinking water or other beverage. A thermostatic expansion valve cools the refrigerant just before it enters the container. This valve is regulated by a temperature sensor which senses the temperature of the refrigerant as it leaves the container. The container has a capped drain opening at the bottom at its deeper end, a capped fill opening at the top, and a freeze plug on one side which detaches itself from the container if the beverage freezes. A motor-pump unit on top of the container has a beverage intake pipe extending down near the bottom of the container at its deeper end, and a filter is provided on this end of the intake pipe.

Abstract: A cooling fabric including a composite layered member carried coextensive with the object to be cooled. The composite layered member includes a lower nonporous layer, a middle porous layer, and an upper permeable light reflective and soil resistant layer. Water conveying channels are interposed between the nonporous and the porous layers so that upon opening of a valve, water from a source is fed through the channels and migrates through the porous layer and cools the object by evaporating through the permeable layer. When permenantly affixed to the roof of the vehicle, a drip pan is positioned below the roof of the vehicle for receiving condensate from the cooled air from within the vehicle.

Abstract: A room ejection unit comprises a housing defining a mixing chamber and having side walls, a bottom, and a cover. There is an inlet port in at least one of the housing side walls and an outlet port in the housing cover. A primary air supply manifold with nozzles is arranged in the lower portion of the mixing chamber of the housing. A heat exchanger in the form of a direct-contact apparatus provided with a sprayed packing is installed in the inlet port on the housing side wall. An air humidifier is arranged in the mixing chamber of the housing. The air humidifier has a drip pan disposed in the lower portion of the mixing chamber, sprayers disposed above the heat exchanger and intended for spraying the packing, a pipe which communicates the drip pan with the sprayers, and also a pump installed in the pipe supplying water from the drip pan to the sprayers.

Abstract: At each end of a row of freezer plates for a vertical plate freezer, a cylinder with a piston rod is arranged. The two piston rods are connected with each other by means of a beam which extends below the row of freezer plates and the beam is connected with movable bottoms arranged in the spacings between the freezer plates. The frozen material arranged in the spacings is moved upwardly for removal by means of the cylinders arranged at the ends and free access to the spacings between the freezer plates is achieved along both sides of the row of freezer plates.

Abstract: A device for applying dye in the form of geometric patterns or randomly-distributed drops onto continuously moving webs of material or the like, includes oscillating breaking bars which are mounted above the web of material perpendicular and/or in the direction of the moving web of material or in the counter direction thereof, and/or transversely thereto. The dyes are supplied in individual streams to these breaking bars.

Abstract: In a safe locking mechanism including a spindle which rotates a cam plate to extend or withdraw a plurality of locking bolts, a novel relock mechanism includes a floating hard plate interposed between the inside surface of the safe door and the cam plate. A plurality of springs are disposed between the interior surface of the safe door and the floating hard plate to bias the hard plate toward the cam plate. Each of the locking bolts includes a chordal notch therein to engage the edge of the hard plate and prevent retraction of the locking bolts. The cam plate includes raised camming rails which engage raised buttons on the hard plate, so that rotation of the camming plate releases the hard plate from the notches in the locking bolts and permits the bolts to be withdrawn only by rotation of the spindle.

Abstract: A locking gas cap for a threaded filler neck having a sealing lip extending peripherally about its axis, the cap comprising a closure member threaded to engage and close the filler neck, a gasket on the closure member for engaging and sealing against the lip, an outer shell providing a hand grip secured to the closure member for rotation thereon, a key-operated lock and at least one lock-actuable bolt connected to the shell for rotation therewith. A race is disposed for rotation in the shell, and a driving connection is provided between the race and the closure member which is torque limited in the direction which advances the closure member on the filler neck and positive in the cap removal direction. A spring is provided for yieldably urging the bolt into engagement with the race. The spring cooperates with a plurality of engaging pockets in the race to provide a positive driving connection between the shell and race in the direction which advances the closure onto the filler neck.

Abstract: A central vehicle door-lock system has several door latches each including a detent movable between a lock position securing the door closed and an unlock position allowing the door to be opened by means of a mechanism inside the door latch. Each of these latches is associated with a servoactuator having an actuator that is engaged via this mechanism with the respective detent and that is in turn moved by an operator. This operator, therefore, can move the actuator and with it the latch detent between lock and unlock positions, and the operator itself is movable by a servomotor into an antitheft position. A lock pawl on the actuator can, in the lock position of the actuator and in the antitheft position of the operator, move from a freeing position permitting displacement of the actuator from the lock to the unlock position into a blocking position preventing such displacement to lock up the entire latch.

Abstract: A pushbutton controlled locking arrangement for a door or other entry, as a trunk lid, to a vehicle which selectively activates circuitry for achieving unlocking upon the engagement of a preselected combination of pushbuttons presented in panel form. The circuitry includes conventional components, such as single-pole and double-pole double-throw relays, electrolytic capacitors, a variable resistor, pushbutton type switches and silicon diodes, all arranged for convenient operation without the necessity of a key. The aforesaid pushbutton panel is typically mounted on the vehicle body proximate the door handle area and affords reliable usage through weatherproof pushbutton switch assemblies.The system also makes provision for illuminating the pushbutton control panel, the initiation of an optional alarm signaling arrangement in the event of unwanted attempted entry and, as well, overriding control when two pushbuttons are inadvertently depressed at the same time.

Abstract: A composite section comprises a beam-like section which may in particular be made of a light-weight metal, and a facing of at least a part of at least one face of the beam-like section made of another metal. The beam-like part is produced by extruding a billet of metal through a die, and at the same time the facing strip is fed through the shape-giving opening in the die. In order to provide an oxide free surface on the extruded beam-like part which is capable of bonding to the surface of the facing strip it is necessary, when using an unscalped billet, that the ratio of the maximum radius of the feed chamber of the die to the minimum radius of the container passage of the die be less than or equal to 0.8. Inside the die there is provided at least one moving face which may e.g. be in the form of a wheel, over which the facing strip passes in being fed to the die opening. Also the strip can be deformed during feeding or extrusion to provide a variety of shapes.

Abstract: A die stem and a billet-receiving sleeve extend rearwardly from an extrusion apparatus platen slide that is movable laterally from a first position in which the stem is aligned with a billet container passage behind it to a second position in which the sleeve is aligned with the passage. An extrusion stem behind the container is movable forward through the passage, and there is means behind the sleeve in the first position for pushing a hot billet into the sleeve. A die slide carried by the container and holding a die is movable laterally across the container from an inner position aligned with the container passage when the platen slide is in its first position to an outer position aligned with the die stem in the second position of the platen slide. In the sleeve there is means for pushing a billet out of the sleeve in the second position of the platen slide and into the container as the container is moved forward toward the sleeve.

Abstract: A tulip-shaped metal part such as a yoke component of a tri-port type constant velocity universal joint is manufactured by single-stage closed chamber extrusion of a solid cylindrical metal rod. The metal rod is inserted into two opposingly engaged dies to protrude into a space defined in the dies and is axially pressed against an impressed surface to cause gradual and continuous cleavage of the rod into three branched portions, which are forced into three chambers arranged and shaped like three petal-like arms of the desired tulip-shaped metal part. The branched portions of the metal material are extruded within the three chambers in directions parallel to the direction of the pressing force exerted on the metal rod, with continued application of a back pressure in opposition to the extruded portions of the metal material to shape the ends of the petal-like arms during the extrusion process.

Abstract: A pilot assembly as for locating a workpiece in successive forming stages of a machine, such as a punch press, where the workpiece is progressively moved through the forming stages of the machine. The pilot assembly includes a pilot pin mounted to a movable die member of the machine for guiding entry into a previously formed hole in a workpiece or in a companion die member as the die members are moved toward each other, the pin being axially retractable in its mounting in the event it strikes an obstruction.

Abstract: A wire feed mechanism for use in conjunction with a nail forming machine. The wire feed includes a wire clamping device connected through appropriate linkages to a reciprocating hammerslide located within the nail machine. The hammerslide is movable between extended and retracted positions for forming the nail head. Due to the direct positive linkage between the hammerslide and the wire clamping device, feeding movement of the wire into the nail machine is achieved as a direct result of hammerslide movement, thereby obviating the need for cumbersome and elaborate linkages currently in use.

Abstract: A hydraulic force-delivering hand tool, such as a cable crimper, comprising a body with a large axial bore at one end forming a cylinder. A piston is slidable in the cylinder and has a nodular mass at the outer end to drive against a member to be crimped. A plunger pumps a quantity of fluid past a transfer one-way check valve and into the cylinder, to drive the piston forward a small increment each stroke. When the piston passes through its full predetermined stroke to effect a complete crimp, interengaging means on the transfer check valve and on the piston, lift the transfer check valve from its seat to prevent further travel and to relieve fluid back to the transfer chamber. A button may then be pressed to unseat a relief check valve, to relieve the cylinder to the reservoir.

Abstract: Off-center load applications to strain gage pick-ups or transducers are substantially compensated by reducing the off-center load application sensitivity of such transducers. This is accomplished by providing the strain gage of the transducer with additional strain gage components which are so located that the effective position of the strain gage device is shifted on its supporting spring body. Thus, although the strain gage device remains physically in position on the supporting spring body, the center of the coordinate system which defines the ordinate of the system can be shifted in any one of the four directions of the system. If the spring body is equipped with a single strain gage only then the point of load application should lie upon the ordinate of the coordinate system what can be achieved by that shifting. If the spring body is equipped with more than one strain gage then the symmetry of the whole strain gage circuitry can be improved by shifting of the respective strain gage coordinate systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for zeroing and calibrating an invasive blood pressure monitoring system includes a method whereby the diaphragm of a strain gauge type blood pressure transducer may be subjected to a zero reference pressure for zeroing and an elevated pressure for calibration of a blood pressure monitoring system in order that an oscilloscope display of the blood pressure waveform of the patient may be accurately monitored by visual inspection of an oscilloscope screen. During zeroing and calibration of the blood pressure monitoring system, the invasive interconnection with the bloodstream of the patient is ensured to be closed to prevent the occurrence of air embolus and the blood pressure transducer system is also isolated from the atmosphere at all times to prevent invasion of the system by means of bacteria.

Abstract: A prefabricated laboratory unit is provided having walls, a floor and a ceiling forming an integral transportable unit. To provide a vibration-free mounting for laboratory apparatus within the laboratory the floor (4) of the unit has a hole (17) therein through which a prepared foundation (18) is exposed. Mounted on the floor of the unit above the hole (17) is a plinth (15) which is lowerable through the hole when the laboratory is in position onto the prepared foundation by means of jacks (16). The plinth provides a vibration-free mounting for the apparatus. Preferably the laboratory is fitted out as a self-contained octane analyzer unit comprising a reference engine mounted on the plinth and also housing a control console and comparator unit for the comparison of octane ratings during inline gasoline blending.

Abstract: A method of testing an engine aftercooler without removing it from the engine, the method including the steps of exposing the air inlet of the aftercooler, applying a gas under a superatmospheric pressure to the air chamber of the aftercooler, maintaining the gas pressure at a predetermined level, monitoring the liquid in the liquid chamber of the aftercooler, whereby the presence of leaks in the aftercooler can be determined by observing the evolution of bubbles from the liquid in the aftercooler.

Abstract: A universal clamp for use in sealing the surface ports of an engine part possessing a fluid circulating jacket such as a cylinder head so that the part may be subjected to fluid pressure testing, which includes, a mounting member adapted to be positioned in an engine cylinder head bolt hole, consisting of an actuation element which extends through a fixed sleeve portion and is threadedly interconnected with a wedging sleeve portion for axial movement with respect to the fixed sleeve so as to engage the wedging and fixed portions and force them into wedging engagement with a portion of the wall of the bolt hole, thereby securing the clamp. Slotted arms are slidably and rotatably mounted on the mounting member so as to be radially adjustable to allow sealing of ports positioned at varying distances from the mounting member. Screw members threadedly interconnected with the arm members secure plug or other sealing structures thereby sealing the ports.

Abstract: A method for the determination of depth of a fluid-saturated stratum and type of a fluid, such as mineralized water, oil and gas released during drilling, comprising pretreating the drilling mud before feeding to a well so as to maintain the original value of its redox potential at a stable level. The supply of the drilling mud to the well is suspended upon a change in the redox potential indicating to the presence in the drilling mud of a fluid saturating the stratum. After a certain time lapse the supply of the drilling mud to the well is renewed. The time of restoration of the drilling mud supply to the well and the time of appearance of the batch of the drilling mud diluted with the fluid saturating the stratum are marked and are used to determine the depth of the stratum. The redox potential of the batch of the drilling mud saturated with the fluid is measured and compared to known normal values of redox potential to determine the type of the fluid.

Abstract: An impact calibrator for use with firearms is disclosed. Impact of the firing pin on a cartridge unit creates a voltage signal detectable by a calculator unit. The calculator unit computes and displays the impact force of the firing pin.

Abstract: A housing unit is constructed substantially in a tightly closed state and divided by a partition into two chambers, one for encasing a fuel gauge and the other a strainer. The housing unit, on being attached to a fuel tank, simultaneously functions to indicate the amount of fuel in the fuel tank and strain the fuel to remove foreign matter therefrom.

Abstract: A device for the internal inspection of pipelines under operation, such device sensing and registering the unevenness of the internal pipeline surface on the principal of mechanical-electrical sensing of the internal pipeline cross section. The device is composed of a supporting body to which at least one packing cuff and symmetrically placed displacement sensing elements are attached, the sensing elements having rotatable shafts to which pivoted sensing arms are connected. The arms are in engagement with a weakened cylindrical part of a packing cuff which is disposed about its entire perimeter in contact with the internal pipeline wall. Potentiometric, piezo-electric or other sensing elements are used for transformation of departures of the size of the passage through the pipeline to electrical signals.

Abstract: A turning indicator for indicating the turning direction and the turning speed of course changes of a ship or an aircraft, in which an electromotor is movably mounted between two supports of a carrier. An axle of the carrier is fixedly connected with the upper end of a leaf spring, the lower end of which is loosely guided. A measuring bridge is mounted on the leaf spring which is connected to an indicating device via an amplifier circuit. The measuring bridge can be supplied with direct current and the starting signal of the measuring bridge is also in the form of direct current which is positive or negative depending on the direction of deflection of the leaf spring, and thus indicates a measure of the turning direction, whereas the magnitude of the deflection of the leaf spring is a measure of the intensity of the starting signal and thus a measure of the turning speed.