Abstract: An improved combination electrode for use in monitoring and stimulation medical applications is provided having an electrical current conductor including a connector plug and a skin-interfacing substrate material, this substrate being a composition such as mixture of a natural organic polysaccharide and hydric alcohol having electrically conductive and adhesive properties.

Abstract: Salts of compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trihalomethyl group, an alkyl group, or a cyano group, andY is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a trihalomethyl group,and compositions containing these salts exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for removing large volumes of contaminants or for recovering valuable minerals present in trace amounts or greater quantities by ion exchange treatment of phosphoric acid liquids or the like as they flow through a resin bed wherein ions in the liquid are sorbed into the resin by an ion exchange mechanism. The resin bed is folded, moving bed which exhibits all of the advantages of a packed ion exchange resin bed. Laminar flows are developed at times in the moving bed system, while the moving bed used is of a "folded" type having a maximum height approximately one-third that of conventional, unfolded countercurrent units. The ion exchange treatment occurs within a loading vessel resin bed, the beads in the feed portion of which become exhausted and sequentially move out of the loading vessel for subsequent regeneration and rinsing, followed by eventual return to the loading vessel.

Abstract: A crimped, high wet modulus viscose rayon fiber having a multilobular, skin core cross-section wherein the core is surrounded by a discontinuous broken skin that imparts to fabrics an improved cover and hand properties. The fibers are formed from a modifier-free viscose. The elimination of the modifier reduces manufacturing costs and eliminates an environmental pollution problem created in the discharge of spinning baths containing modifiers.

Abstract: An adapter to fit a dry cell battery of a first nominal size for use interchangeably with a dry cell battery of a second and larger nominal size, has a central passage within which the first battery is snugly received and has external dimensions resembling those of a battery of the second nominal size.

Abstract: Solid state folded leaf spring force transducers are fabricated by batch photolithographic and etching techniques from a monocrystalline material, such as silicon. The folded leaf spring structure includes elongated gaps separating adjacent leaf spring leg portions, such elongated gaps being oriented parallel to a crystallographic axis of the monocrystalline material. In a preferred embodiment the monocrystalline material is of diamond cubic type and the leaf spring gaps extend in mutually orthogonal directions parallel to the <011> and <011> crystallographic axes, respectively. In a preferred method of fabricating the spring structure, the structure is etched from a monocrystalline wafer by means of an anisotropic etchant so as to more precisely define angles and dimensions of the resultant spring structure.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for simultaneously enabling different parts of an input television signal to be made available is used as a television standards converter. Successive lines of an input television signal are cyclically written into n (eg 4) successive random access store sections, using in each cycle the same addresses for the different sections. The write addresses are incremented for successive cycles. The sections are read from using for each section addresses which are related to each other and to the write addresses so as to access a desired set of up to n successive lines. These lines are combined by weighted addition to provide an interpolated output line. The read addresses are derived by counting the desired output lines during each field and multiplying the count by the line conversion ratio. The integral part of the resultant controls the read addresses and the non-integral part controls the weighted addition. A total storage of two fields is used, each divided into sections.

Abstract: A polyester composition comprising the salt of a dimer acid, trimer or salt of a mixture of dimer acid and trimer acid, and from 0.5 to 10 percent fine particulate red phosphorous. The salt is preferably the sodium salt of the dimer and/or trimer acids. Alternately, the salt can be the sodium salt of an organic polymer having pendant carboxyl groups. The red phosphorous can contain a phosphine suppressant such as a metal hydroxide or copper compound. The preferred red phosphorous used is believed to be coated with an aliphatic polyamine and bisphenol A, epichlorohydrin condensate, reacted with acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide produced by American Hoescht as Exolite .sup.TM 405. The composition can contain a filler, plasticizer, impact modifier, and/or a polyepoxide.

Abstract: An alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrite is added to a polymer blend comprising (1) block copolymer formed from monovinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon monomer and a conjugated diene monomer and (2) styrene polymer to improve thermal stability and to inhibit gel and fisheye formation.

Abstract: A process for the production of a thermoplastic aromatic polyketone which process comprises reacting in the presence of a fluoroalkane sulphonic acid, preferably CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2 OH, the reactants selected from the following class:(a) at least one aromatic monocarboxylic acid of the formula: ##STR1## where --Y-- is a direct link, --O--, --S--, --NAr'-- where Ar' is a monovalent aromatic radical (preferably phenyl); Ar is a divalent aromatic radical but must not be --Ph--CO--Ph-- or --Ph--SO.sub.2 --Ph-- (where --Ph-- is phenylene) when y is 1; and n is an integer of .gtoreq.1 and y is an integer of 1 to 3;(b) a mixture of at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula: ##STR2## where --X-- and --X'-- are independently a direct link --O--, --S--, --NAr'-- where Ar' is as defined in (a); m is 0 or an integer of .gtoreq.

Abstract: An intraocular insert suitable for use as an artificial lens implant in the anterior or posterior chamber of a human eye comprising a circular lens body having two position fixation members extending from opposite sides of the periphery of the lens body. The two fixation members are of similar shape but are asymmetrically arranged relative to the circular lens body. Each of the fixation members comprises an arm portion having a base joined to the periphery of the lens body with said arm portion extending from said lens body, an elbow, and an elongated outward-convex seating portion having a first end joined to said arm portion by said elbow and an opposite free end extending in a direction such that said elongated outward-convex seating portion is outward of said arm portion relative to said lens body. Each arm portion is generally parallel to a line tangent to said lens body. Said arm portions of said two fixation members extend from said lens body in opposite directions relative to each other.

Abstract: A new article of flexible and springy though rigid enough water impervious material provided with spikes or bristles or open web of crinkled filaments or rough indented openings to be installed around any conventional stopper for preventing hair, hairpins, or any other object carried away with the water flow during the taking of showers or washings or the like, from entering and clogging the drainpipes of bathtubs, lavatories and the like, through an entangling action carried out by said spikes or bristles or web or rough indented openings, and said article having a body which is shaped to be adapted to surround the lifted conventional pop-up stoppers or the like, of the drain control systems of bathtubs, lavatories and the like, and which may take any of several preferred cross section forms, such as for example, a hollow core elongated semicylindrical form which is integral with a flat imperforate lower portion or base, providing several preferred undersurfaces or a hollow core cylindrical form, or a vertic

Abstract: A dyeing method and system for coloring the pile yarns of a carpet web provides for the reuse of gum used in the dyeing process and the reuse of water used for rinsing the carpet. The gum, which is extracted hot from the carpet web as it exits the steamer where the dye is set in the face yarns and prior to the rinsing of the carpet is filtered and passed through a heat exchanger into a gum storage tank for reuse. The heat exchanger is used to recover latent heat from the gum and preheat water on its way to a boiler used in the dyeing system.

Abstract: Apparatus for the storage of boots and shoes includes two or more hollow boot-shaped form members removably supported in an inverted upright position by a base. The forms each have a foot-shaped end with a sole-shaped surface. Holes in the sole-shaped surface communicate with the hollow interior. Each of the forms has a compartment integrally formed in the foot-shaped end, with holes in the walls of the compartment communicating with the hollow interior, so that when a deodorizing and/or disinfecting substance is placed in the compartment, and the form is placed inside a boot, vapors emanating from the substance can circulate to the interior of the boot. Each of the forms also has integral means for (a) allowing the escape of air as the form is inserted into a boot, and (b) facilitating the removal of condensed moisture from the boot's interior.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning cryolite from spent anodes comprising an overhead spent anode transport which carries the spent anodes through a series of four processing stations, with the first processing station loosening the cryolite by means of a plurality of slide mounted jackhammers, the second processing station scraping off the loosened cryolite by means of a plurality of scraper blades carried on chains, a a third station at which the cryolite between the support rod posts is knocked loose by still another set of jackhammers, and a fourth station at which the topmost side surfaces of the spent anode are wire brushed free of any remaining cryolite.

Abstract: A brush bristle cleaning system (10) which is adapted to be manually operable and held in one hand of the user. The brush bristle cleaning system (10) includes a frame within which is inserted a helical wire element (34) defining a plurality of helical loops (36) which extend in longitudinal direction (26) between and attached to leg members (20 and 22) of frame member (18). The helical loops (36) are provided with differing diameters in a monotonically increasing dimension from the end portions to the central section of the longitudinally extended helical wire element (34). The frame (18) is combination with the differing diameter helical loops (36) provide end spaces (44 and 46) which allow helical loops (36) to be vertically displaced, as well as longitudinally displaced. Brush bristles (12) of brush (14) are inserted between helical loops (36) and moved in both vertical direction (28) as well as longitudinal direction (26) to remove particles of paint adhering to bristles (12).

Abstract: Apparatus for cleaning the bore of a pipe comprising a cleaning tool motor having a housing and a drive shaft which extends from the housing and which is adapted to receive a pipe cleaning tool rotatable with the drive shaft, three guide wheels, which are supported by arms connected to the housing and which are disposed around the housing in spaced apart relationship towards the drive shaft end of the housing so as to use to bear against the bore of a pipe to be cleaned thereby to position the drive shaft coaxially of the pipe, a drive wheel, a drive motor operatively associated with the drive wheel for driving the apparatus through a pipe to be cleaned, a jacking arm for the drive wheel which extends away from the end of the housing remote from the drive shaft, and a jacking arm actuator operative for jacking the drive wheel into driving contact with the walls of a pipe to be cleaned.

Abstract: A carpet cleaning pad to go underneath a rotary floor cleaning machine is of disc or circular outline; it is made up of a base sheet material which supports radial strips of fiber bristles and also an annular strip of fiber bristles around the periphery of the disc, the remainder of the space within the annular strip being filled in with firm loops of strand material to form a bed of hooked rug solidity.

Abstract: An ice-scraper used to scrape off ice and frost formed on the outer convex glass surface of a vehicle windshield. This ice-scraper consists of a one-piece triangular shape body made of precast flexible and resilient plastic material. The base edge of said body is bevelled to form a scraping edge. The body has a slit extending parallel to this base edge and terminating short of the side edges of the body to define a flexible blade portion adapted to contact a convex glass surface over substantially the entire length of the scraping edge.

Abstract: A vehicle window wiping apparatus includes a guide arm and a wiper arm telescopable to simultaneously extend or retract the wiper arm on the guide arm as the wiper arm is driven by an endless belt drive means which carries an end of the wiper arm in a noncentric path with relation to the rotary axis of oscillation of the guide arm.

Abstract: In a wiper blade assembly, a spacer is provided for rotatably connecting two yokes of a wiper blade. The spacer has substantially the form of an inverted U provided with first members securing the spacer rigidly to a first yoke and provided with second members rotatably securing the spacer to a second yoke. The first members are rigidly secured to the web of the inverted U with the second members rigidly secured to the two flanges of said inverted U.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for stripping fluids from the surface of a vehicle includes an air distributor (28) and inflatable bags (14-26), each of generally rectangular transverse cross section. The bags (14-26) are supported by the air distributor (28) and each of the bags (14-26) includes an inlet end (40) connected to the air distributor (28) for introducing air under pressure into the bags (14-26) and a nozzle end (42) of smaller area than the inlet end (40) spaced apart from the inlet end (40) for emitting a stream of air while maintaining the bags (14-26) in a nonflailing orientation and substantially rigidly inflated.

Abstract: A noise suppressor for vacuum cleaners is characterized by a muffler formed of a succession of tubes of different cross sectional areas and lengths. The muffler defines a low pass acoustic filter, and is connected in line with an exhaust outlet from the vacuum cleaner. Preferably, the muffler is used in place of a sleeve conventionally found in a filter bag for the vacuum cleaner, and thereby acts as a stand pipe to maintain the inlet to the filter bag above collected debris so that the inlet is not choked off with debris before the bag is filled.

Abstract: A rotating apparatus for separating the neck of a headless fowl hanging by the ankle joints from a hook of an overhead conveyor, the apparatus having a fork-shaped clamping member for receiving the neck of the fowl and co-operating with a pivoting pressure arm adapted to be moved into the fork opening of the clamping member to pinch off the fowl'neck. A further fork member is provided above the clamping member and adapted to support the fowl by its shoulders.

Abstract: A revolving apparatus for automatically transversely cutting open fowl hanging by the ankle joints from an overhead conveyor, having a stationary cutting knife and a number of stretching members regularly spaced about the circumference of the apparatus. The stretching members work in succession as they revolve about the central shaft of the apparatus moving along with the conveyor. Each stretching member is vertically movable down towards a fowl carried by the conveyor and away again from the fowl. During the downward movement of a stretching member the same is inserted into an opening in the fowl previously made by cutting out its vent, whereafter the stretching member is moved radially outwardly to stretch the abdominal skin of the fowl from the inside radially outwardly towards the stationary knife which cuts the skin as the fowl passes the knife.

Abstract: A mold assembly for molding ribbed food patties in a food patty molding machine of the kind having a mold plate, including at least one mold cavity, sliding reciprocally in surface-to-surface engagement between two closure plates, from a fill position to a discharge position and back to the fill position. In the mold assembly, a series of rib-forming channels, each of uniform cross-sectional shape, are formed in the mold plate engaging surface of one closure plate, each channel receiving a close-fitting complementary rib-forming projection on the engaged mold plate surface. The rib-forming channels and projections extend parallel to the path of movement of the mold plate. Supplemental edge rib pockets or projections may be provided in the mold cavity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming or separating sausage links is disclosed. The apparatus has a series of pairs of forming and cutting arms mounted on a circular plate. The arms are moved into contact with the sausage casing at sequentially spaced points along the length of the casing. As a pair of forming arms contact the casing from opposite sides of the casing, they force the food emulsion within the casing away from the point of contact forming a link end. There is a cutting element at the end of a slot in each arm which cuts the casing between the links when the arms overlap.

Abstract: A hose clamp wherein a flexible metallic strap has a loop-shaped intermediate portion, an externally toothed first end portion which is overlapped by the intermediate portion and whose teeth mate with the internal teeth of the intermediate portion, and a second end portion whose free end is doubled over itself to form an L-shaped projection having an end face at the inner side of the second end portion. Such end face abuts against the complementary face of a protuberance which is formed on the second end portion by stamping or the like and extends beyond the inner side of the second end portion. The abutting faces greatly enhance the resistance which the projection of the second end portion offers to bending into the general plane of the second end portion during tensioning of the intermediate portion around a hose or the like.

Abstract: A slide fastener has a pair of tapes along confronting edges of which are provided respective rows of coupling elements in a ladder configuration with individual members being affixed together by a continuous textile strand, as one-arm rungs of the ladder. Each coupling member is molded unitarily and unbent, and comprises an upper portion and a lower portion separated by a plane parallel to a slide fastener plane. The head of each coupling member lies above this plane and is mushroom-shaped to have a neck reaching inwardly toward the respective edge of the tape. Flush with this plane but on the lower half of the coupling member are a pair of ledges which function to absorb forces transverse to this plane. The connecting yarn is embedded in the upper half which can be provided for connection to the tape.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a cargo control fitting utilizing webs wherein an identical pair of fittings are used in conjunction with a web loop, and the fittings include locking tabs received within an opening defined in an anchoring support member. The fittings include an outer edge located within the web loop and to protect the web loop from being crushed against this outer edge protecting extensions are defined on the fitting which extend beyond the outer edge a distance at least equal to the web thickness. Further, the extensions are obliquely disposed to the plane of the fitting to laterally extend a distance from the fitting side equal to the web thickness to protect the web from also being crushed against the fitting lateral side.

Abstract: A method of producing surface height patterned materials by application of streams of pressurized, heated fluid into surface areas of a relatively moving material having thermally modifiable surface components. The heated fluid streams are selectively activated and deactivated in accordance with pattern information to strike selected surface areas of the material to thermally shrink and compact the surface areas by a desired amount. Heated fluid stream flow is controlled by use of cooler pressurized fluid which is selectively directed into the heated fluid stream flow to block the same from striking the surface of the moving material. The temperature of selected of the heated fluid streams striking the material is controllably varied by rapidly introducing small amounts of cooler fluid which blend into the heated streams to correspondingly vary the height reduction of the surface of the material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing light detection units which comprise a photocathode disposed on an entrance window, an electron detector including a semiconductor junction, and means which transmit the electrons from the photocathode to the electron detector including a perforated aperture plate disposed between the entrance window and the electron detector. The photocathode is formed on a surface of the entrance window after assembling the entrance window and electron detector to the means which transmit the electrons. Perforations in the aperture plate are covered with spherical shields while the photocathode is formed on the surface of the entrance window. The shields are then removed.

Abstract: Apparatus comprises a heater which introduces hot air into an elongate duct via a tube to an aperture midway between the open ends of the duct. The duct has parallel slots in opposite walls thereof which extend between said ends in the plane of a conveyor which grips wire leads and transports them laterally so terminated ends lie in the duct. Heat shrink tubing prepositioned on the end of lead may be positioned to protrude from the slot so not exposed to hot air in the duct which prevents shrinkage of tubing over the terminated end.

Abstract: A rack (12,14) for burnishing toothed gears (16) in cooperation with another like rack so as to provide accentuated axial crowns on the burnished teeth is disclosed as having a unitary body (42) of an elongated shape with leading and trailing ends (44,46) and a toothed forming face (48) extending between the ends. The toothed forming face (48) includes a leading section a of teeth that extend parallel to a mounting surface (54) of the rack body and at least one section of inclined teeth (50) preferably embodied by an intermediate section b and a trailing section c. A fixture (60) for grinding the inclined tooth sections b and c on a pair of cooperable racks (12,14) includes a pair of inclined support surfaces (66,68) and a clamp (70) for clamping the rack bodies during the inclined tooth grinding.

Abstract: A fluid cooled blade or vane for use in a gas turbine or like apparatus is disclosed herein. The blade or vane includes an elongated open ended skin of predetermined cross-sectional configuration, a number of spaced cooling tubes located within and extending in the elongated direction of the open ended skin, a reinforcement spar disposed within the skin along with tubes, and solid material, preferably copper, filling the elongated skin around the tubes and spar. A specific method of making the blade or vane just described is also disclosed and includes initially providing the elongated skin as a preform. The cooling tubes and spar are disposed within the preform in their intended positions. Thereafter, the filling material while being maintained in a molten liquid state is caused to flow into the remaining space within the preform around the tubes and reinforcement spar. At the same time, this molten material is prevented from entering the tubes.

Abstract: A tubular burner construction having a wall defining a longitudinal fuel receiving chamber therein, the wall having ports provided therein and leading from the chamber to the exterior of the burner construction for issuing fuel from the chamber. The wall comprises two separate substantially like parts secured together at open ends thereof to define the tubular construction, the ports being provided in only one of the parts and inboard of the open end thereof.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for joining a tube into a tube sheet opening. After a tube is inserted into a tube sheet opening, compression and subsequent radial expansion of an elastomeric material inside the tube causes the elastomer to radially expand the tube wall creating an interference fit between the tube and inner wall of the tube sheet opening. A portion of the elastomer positioned exterior to the tube sheet face expands to a greater radial diameter than the portion of the elastomer within the tube sheet opening resulting in radial expansion of the tube wall toward the tube sheet face to create a sealing effect between the tube and tube sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pipe coupling joint comprising an interference fit coupling of unthreaded pipe sections. The end of the outer pipe in a telescoped interference fit coupling is radially compressed to form a groove in the inner pipe. The crimped end is compressed into the groove to securely couple the pipe sections together. Lined pipe joints and methods and apparatus for forming the improved interference fit joint are also disclosed.

Abstract: Stacked leaded hybrid substrates and associated carrier plates are exited from a reflow solder operation onto a vibrating table. Vibration of the table sequentially advances each stacked carrier and substrate until components on the latter contact an arm that is spaced above the table. Detection of the presence of a substrate and carrier adjacent the arm causes a plunger to move transversely across the table and into contact with an edge of the substrate. Further movement of the plunger pushes an edge of the carrier into contact with spring loaded pins in the table top. The shear force created on contiguous surfaces of the substrate and carrier by the plunger and pins causes the substrate to slide off of the carrier and over the pins. If this shear force exceeds a prescribed value, the pins rotate into the table top for passing a carrier and/or substrate without damaging the latter.

Abstract: A multi-metal container separating apparatus is provided for orienting, delidding and compacting containers. The apparatus includes an orienting unit which orients the lids of the containers in a predetermined direction. After orientation, the containers are fed to a delidding unit. The delidding unit includes a clamping assembly for gripping each container during the delidding process in which one end is removed from each container. While each container is held fixed in position, a piercing element is extended from within a moving plunger body to penetrate an end of the container. The piercing element is then retracted within the plunger body. Movement of the plunger body continues through the body of the container and the plunger body engages the other end of the container. The force of the plunger body in a direction inwardly to outwardly of the container removes this end of the container. The delidded container falls to a pivotable support platform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing ready-to-use slats from semifinished slat portions for a slatted Venetian blind having vertically directed slats. In connection with the process, the slat portions are in each case cut at their free lower end to the length corresponding to the installation height, plus an extra length that takes into account a wrap-over portion. The wrap-over portion of a slat is in each case folded over at a bending edge predetermined by the use length. The lower end part of a slat is provided, in the vicinity of the wrap-over portion, with a system of perforations consisting of at least two holes for receiving retaining pins of a retaining means. The retaining pins are passed through the holes and locked.

Abstract: A technique is provided for engaging and disengaging burnable poison rods from the spider in a fuel assembly. The cap on the end of each of the burnable poison rods is provided with a shank that is received in the respective bore formed in the spider. In one illustrative embodiment, the shank is deformed to firmly secure the rod and attached shank in the spider bore. Pressing the shank in the direction of the bore axis overcomes the deformation to release the particular rod from the spider.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a composite structure comprising wire mesh and concrete. The longitudinal wires of a section of such wire mesh are formed together into a repeating sinuous pattern perpendicular to the transverse wires, so that the alternate transverse wires together comprise two groups each in one of two parallel spaced apart planes. A flat section of similar mesh is placed against each of these groups. Each of the flat sections of mesh and the juxtaposed group of transverse wires of the formed mesh are in turn placed together to be cured, into first and second layers of wet concrete mixes in suitable forms to produce the composite concrete-steel network structure. The relatively light weight structure may be utilized for floor, ceiling or roof slabs, and for column load bearing wall panels.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically wrapping a plate for use in a lead acid industrial storage battery, said wrapping comprising a combination of three acid resistant, flexible porous materials forming an envelope adapted to insulate said plate while allowing free access of the battery acid to the surfaces of said plate. As configured, the wrapping apparatus comprises a plurality of regularly spaced, heated die fixtures attached to a servo controlled turntable, said turntable acting to index said dies through a set of six fixed work stations which are disposed on said apparatus around the periphery of said turntable. The six work stations of the apparatus are adpated to feed each of the three wrapping materials and a plate into one of said dies, wrap the materials around the plate, seal the edges of the outermost of said three wrapping materials, discharge the wrapped plate for further processing and measure the temperature of the heated die before it is recycled through the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus (50) for cutting a wire (21) and softening the insulation thereof. The apparatus (50) is comprised of a pair of wire cutters (52) with a pair of opposed rollers (74, 76) associated therewith. The rollers (74, 76) are mounted for relative movement away from one another to enable an insulated wire to be passed therebetween and into the wire cutters (52). The rollers (74, 76) are also relatively movable toward each other for engaging and softening the wire (21) insulation upon actuation of the wire cutters (52) to cut the wire.

Abstract: An array for light-detecting diodes is inserted into a cavity in an electally insulating substrate with trimmable resistances on the substrate. The substrate is cooled, the diodes are connected to the resistances and are energized via electrical conductors on the substrate and in the cavity, and their individual near infrared light detectivities are measured. The resistors are trimmed by a laser beam such that all diodes have the same amount of detectivity. The substrate is allowed to return to ambient temperature, is mounted on a cold finger, and electrical conductors are made between the resistance-diode combinations and connectors on the cold finger.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of forming alignment marks on a side surface of a semiconductor wafer, aligning the semiconductor wafer with a unit apparatus for manufacturing the semiconductor device utilizing the alignment mark, and processing the semiconductor wafer with the unit apparatus. The alignment mark attached on the side surface of the wafer can be identified even if chip patterns or various films are formed on the wafer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure and process for fabricating it are described which allow fabrication of a very compact high-speed logic gate. The structure utilizes a bipolar transistor formed in an epitaxial silicon pocket surrounded by silicon dioxide. A pair of Schottky diodes and a resistor are formed outside the epitaxial pocket on the silicon dioxide and connected to the pocket by doped polycrystalline silicon.

Abstract: A method of making at a relatively low temperature, a resistor region of a high sheet resistance, solely or together with other circuit devices such as bipolar transistors in an IC chip, with the step of forming a buried resistor layer inside a semiconductor substrate at a predetermined depth by an ion implantation, wherein the resultant resistor region has a well-controlled high sheet resistance and the obtained bipolar transistors have a well-improved high frequency characteristics.

Abstract: A fabrication technique for monolithic microwave integrated circuits employs silicon-on-sapphire wafers. Active and passive elements are formed together in a series of implant and deposition steps. Electrically isolated islands of semiconductor material are defined upon the substrate. Multiple metallization deposits are employed to simultaneously interconnect the individual circuit elements and form passive elements upon the integrated circuit. The technique allows mass production of integrated circuits with considerable raw material savings.