Abstract: A new and distinct cultivar of African violet named Little Lapis characterized by its miniature growth habit; single, violet-shaped, blue flowers; strong stems which curve toward the center to form a compact bouquet above the leaves; profuse and continuous flowering; bright green, spear-shaped leaves; flowering 10-11 weeks after planting of unrooted shoot, and by its long lasting and non-dropping flowers.

Abstract: A Chrysanthemum plant named Dark Yellow Vero particularly characterized by its flat capitulum form; daisy capitulum type; yellow ray floret color with good color retention; diameter across face of capitulum of 85 to 89 mm when fully opened; photoperiodic flowering response to short days of 56 to 63 days when grown in Salinas; plant height when grown as a single stem spray cut mum in Salinas with 14 long days prior to start of short days in 89 to 119 cm; and excellent tolerance to low temperatures for bud initiation and flower development.

Abstract: .[.When surveying a borehole using an instrument responsive to the earth's magnetic field, a length of non-magnetic drill collar is necessary to house means for measuring the magnetic field in the borehole perpendicular to the direction of the borehole axis. The instrument determines the inclination angle and the highside angle from the gravitation measurements, with these measurements and the magnetic measurements, the azimuth angle is determined. Using the method of this invention a minimum length of non-magnetic material necessary for an accurate measurement may be calculated and used..]. .Iadd.Disclosed are method and apparatus for surveying a borehole including use of a survey instrument for making gravitational measurements from which the inclination and highside angles of the instrument may be determined.

Abstract: A self-contained inflatable sign for temporary attachment to prominent portions of structures to provide a highly visible message day or night. The sign is an envelope made from translucent flexible panels which is inflated by a blower within the envelope which also contains a series of lights. A message banner is interchangeably held onto the envelope. When inflated the envelope becomes a strong illuminated sign capable of withstanding severe outdoor environments but light enough to be quickly and easily erected on highly visible but otherwise difficult to access portions of buildings or structures. An alternate version is specifically designed for mounting against the front of a commercial building as a marquee-type display.

Abstract: A portable shelter framework is formed by a series of end-interconnected modules, each defining a separate arch portion of the framework extending in different directions relative to each other. Each module is formed of elongate struts capable of being expanded into arched three dimensional form and collapsed into bundled form.

Abstract: The powered ratchet wrench 10 is constructed of several components. A throttle lever 20 controls the air flow to a rotary air motor 30. The rotary output of the motor is transmitted to the hammer assembly 40 of an impact clutch mechanism. A spring 50 biases an anvil shaft 60 into association with the hammer assembly 40. The anvil can be directly driven by the motor through the hammer assembly or can be driven intermittently by a series of rotational impacts from the hammer assembly. The rotation of the anvil shaft causes the reversible ratchet mechanism 70 to rotate in the desired direction, thus tightening or removing a threaded fastener. Only a small reaction force is transmitted by the tool to the operator once the fastener is tightened.

Abstract: A deep-fry pan for industrial deep-fryers. The pan is hermetically closed during operation to minimize contact between oil contained in the pan and ambient air and to minimize pollution of the room in which the fryer is located.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of controlling an electromagnetic clutch incorporated in a power transmission system of a vehicle to transmit an output of an engine to the drive wheels of the vehicle is disclosed. An amount of electric current applied to the clutch is regulated to control an engaging action of said electromagnetic clutch, based on either a variation in rotating speed or torque of an output shaft of the electromagnetic clutch, or based on the frequency or number of variations per unit time in rotating speed or torque of the output shaft, as compared with the frequency or number of ignitions or combustions per unit time of the engine. In this way a variation in output torque of the engine is absorbed by the electromagnetic clutch for improved drivability, while a transmission power loss in the clutch is kept to a minimum for maximum fuel economy.

Abstract: A protective pad for body parts comprising an elongate protective outer plate of a substantially stiff but flexible material having a concave inner surface, and an inner ply of padding extending across the inner surface of the plate. A closed loop of stitching secures the inner ply to the marginal edges of the inner surface of the outer plate to suspend the inner ply taut and spaced inwardly from the central portion of the inner surface of the plate.

Abstract: A structure of hat with cooling system for the head, which comprises a covering for the head, having a channel holder made on its inner wall surface for the fastening therein of a plurality of cooling elements and a flexible, ventilating socket. The cooling elements absorb heat when the hat is put on the head, so as to cool and comfort the head.

Abstract: A one-time trouble-free sun visor made from a detachable page of a program, the page having a perforated line that separates a substantially rectangular interior portion of the page from a substantially rectangular exterior portion of the page along three sides of the page. The fourth side of the page forms the front of the visor. The exterior portion forms a continuous band that encircles the head. The interior portion is bisected by a fold line that approximately parallels the front of the visor.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a hair cutting accessory in the form of a cape and pat-down pads that utilize respective adhesive surfaces for collecting hair clippings that result during a hair cutting service. The cape is adapted with a collar member for draping around a person's neck area and is formed having a peelable backing for covering an adhesive strip surface of sufficient width to form two usable adhesive portions. The first adhesive portion is used to adhesively attach to a patron's neck area for creating a seal around the neck for preventing hair clippings from entering beneath the cape. The second adhesive portion is intended to be left exposed around the neck area for readily and adhesively collecting any fallen hair clippings. Each pat-down pad is sized to be hand held and is also formed having a peelable backing for covering an adhesive surface until ready to use.

Abstract: A protective garment adapted to be worn by firefighters and the like. The garment is adapted to be worn about the human body and comprises an outer shell and an inner liner adapted to be worn beneath the outer shell, the shell and the liner each comprising a body portion and two appendage portions connected to the body portion. The shell has a lower edge adapted to extend around a portion of the human body and, the liner is of dimensions sufficient to extend below and beneath the edge of the shell such that the extending liner is visible about the entire periphery of the body portion of the garment. The extending and visible liner portion has visually identifying characteristics thereon about its periphery which enable an observer to visually determine whether or not the liner is being worn regardless of the orientation of the observer relative to the wearer of the garment.

Abstract: A reversible protective glove formed of wire mesh material of the type intended to be worn by meat cutters, the glove having a wrist strap attached to the cuff thereof. The strap has a free end with a removable fastening member having a protrusion positioned thereon and facing in a first direction. A pair of oppositely facing grommets is positioned on the strap proximate an end thereof opposite the free end and which is attahced to the cuff. The protrusion of the removable fastening member is adapted for receipt in a selected one of the grommets to firmly secure the strap about a user's wrist when the glove is positioned on the user's right hand. The glove may be reversed by turning the same inside out and the removable fastening member relocated on the free end of the strap with the protrusion facing in a direction opposite the first direction to be received in the other grommet to firmly secure the strap when the glove is positioned on a user's left hand.

Abstract: A system of interchangeable pockets. The system generally comprises a plurality of base pads attached to articles of clothing and a plurality of interchangeable pockets. The pockets of the system are made interchangeable by attaching a first type of fastening material to the back of each pocket and a corresponding second type of fastening material to each base pad.

Abstract: A suspender set comprising at least one strap having two distal ends, one of the ends having a fastener adapted for securing the strap to an article of clothing, and having an ornamental device secured to the fastener. The ornamental device comprises a member having a major surface containing an ornamental design and a second surface opposed to the major surface having a connector element extending from the second surface and releasably secured to the fastener.

Abstract: An open toed, ventilated crotch, panty hose garment, adapted for wear with swimsuits, exercise and dance clothing, and for post surgical wear that entirely covers the lower body down to an edge that encircles the foot near the base of the toes and defines an opening through which the toes protrude. The upper and lower portions of the edge being bridged between the first and second toes, and also between the fourth and fifth toes by straps which create a double thong effect and provide a means to distribute the securing load for comfort, permittting the wearer to maintain the foot portion in position and keep the pantyhose taut on the body, even when wet. The garment may also be modified for post surgical wear.

Abstract: A toilet bowl deodorizer device which is connectable to an existing toilet, and which effectively and inexpensively provides for deodorization without affecting operation of the toilet. The first preferred embodiment of the present invention is composed of a deodorizer unit containing a motor, an optimized turbine with associated internal ducting, and a replaceable filter, which may include a perfume; a tank access duct having a universal fitting for removably connecting to the deodorizing unit; a passive relief valve member; and a tank top seal system upon which the lid may rest independently thereof. The second preferred embodiment of the present invention is composed of a deodorizer unit containing a motor, an optimized turbine with associated internal ducting, and a replaceable filter, which may include a perfume; and a ductwork located adjacent the back of the seat having a universal fitting for removably connecting to the deodorizing unit.

Abstract: A toilet assembly which includes a toilet stool having a ventilation conduit disposed adjacent to the back wall portion of the toilet stool for ventilating objectionable odor from a toilet bowl, the ventilation conduit extending annularly around a siphon conduit at the point where they communicate with a sewer discharge line, a fan member disposed in the lower portion of the ventilation conduit, a toilet holding tank having a motion sensor disposed on the front exterior of the toilet holding tank and free of interference from the opening and closing of a toilet seat cover, and an U-shaped gas exhaust duct disposed in the toilet holding tank and connected to the ventilation conduit for allowing exhaust gas to flow from a flush ring to the ventilation conduit, whereby upon opening the toilet seat cover, while the user sits on the seat ring, the motion sensor is actuated to operate the fan member and the objectionable odor is ventilated, and in turn when the user stands and flushes the toilet assembly, the motio

Abstract: A flush control system for a plumbing fixture is disclosed. The plumbing fixture includes electrical components which electrically operate a flush valve and are housed in the body of the plumbing fixture. A cover, which is normally closed, activates an electrical circuit, operably connected to a flush valve, when the cover is lifted by a user for a predetermined time. After the elapsed period of time, when the cover is lowered to its normal position, the flush valve is actuated and, for a second predetermined time, the flush valve will operate to complete its flush cycle.

Abstract: A low consumption toilet fixture (10) has a bowl (20), a tank (16) having a central exit (43), a waterway passage extending from the tank to the bowl (20) and an angled trap (22) that has a bottom well (24). The downstream end (34) of the trap (22), inlet (42) of the waterway, and well (24) all bisect a central vertical reference plane which divides the toilet into two halves. The angled trap has an intermediate upper section (30) which is laterally offset with respect to the inlet (42) of the waterway (21) and has a height greater than a lower wall (50) of the horizontal leg (44) of the waterway that extends from the central inlet (42). The waterway (22) has an exit opening into the well (24). The exit has an upper groove (49) and notch (51) directing water into the bottom of bowl (20). The well (24) is canted laterally and forwardly downwardly with respect to the central vertical reference plane.

Abstract: In a circulating pool main body which defines a swimming pool or tank, a bottom partition wall and front and rear curved partition walls are disposed and spaced apart by a suitable distance from the bottom and the front and rear curved portions of the main body, thereby defining a water circulation passage having an outlet opening to an upper upstream end of the swimming tank or pool and an inlet at the upper downstream end of the swimming tank or pool so that only the upper water layer of the body of water in the swimming tank or pool is forced to flow. Furthermore, one or more swingable blades or vanes are attached to the outlet of the water circulation passage so that the flow rate of the flowing upper water layer in the swimming tank or pool and its direction may be varied.

Abstract: A molded plastics framework for an above-ground swimming pool which includes an endless molded base member having post sockets and a continuous cove integral therewith. The base member is made up of a plurality of identical molded modules which are connected together end to end to make up the endless base member. Molded plastics posts are secured in the base socket and extend upwardly in a spaced apart manner and receive an endless ledge made up of molded ledge segments connected end to end above the posts.

Abstract: A bed capable of allowing a patient such as the aged confined in a bed to take a bath easily and without much trouble to a nurse attending to the patient. According to a feature of the bed, a bath-tub is slidably mounted at the lower portion of the bed, the bath-tub having a mat disposed therein, said mat being movable up and down within the bath-tub with a human body laid thereon. The bed is provided with a tilting mechanism for easily transferring a patient from the bed to the mat, the mat also capable of being tilted by a suitable mechanism so that the human body may be easily transferred from the mat to the bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for maneuvering a physically impaired individual including a base member, a platform rotatably mounted relative to the base member for supporting the individual, a stabilizer projecting upwardly from the platform to be manually grasped by the individual, and a lock arrangement for selectively locking the platform and the base member against relative rotatable movement.

Abstract: A crib apparatus is arranged wherein the crib includes a crib rear wall, a forward crib wall, a headboard wall, and a foot board wall orthogonally mounted relative to a top floor, wherein the top floor is spaced from a bottom floor defining a mattress cavity therebetween, wherein the mattress cavity includes an entrance opening, with a door coextensively and pivotally mounted relative to the entrance opening. A mattress is slidably mounted within a mattress support plate, with the mattress support plate including a plurality of pivotal legs extending downwardly relative from the mattress plate for support of the mattress for cleaning and maintenance of the mattress during use. Modifications of the invention includes heated support cavities mounted within the cylindrical cavities for support of infant food and fluid nursing bottle members.

Abstract: A combination of a bed with a TV set comprises a bed frame structure, a supporting structure provided within the frame structure for supporting a TV set thereon, a mechanism for positioning of the TV set for unobstructed viewing by a person while reclining on the bed, and a structure for concealing the TV set within the frame structure of the bed when the TV set is not in use.

Abstract: A hospital bed device is presented which includes hydraulic cylinders for lifting rollers positioned along each side of the bed. The rollers are driven by fractional horsepower electric motors and an endless belt is connected to the rollers whereby a patient lying thereon can be lifted and moved as the belt turns. The device provides a safe and convenient method to turn bedridden patients that otherwise may develop bed sores, pneumonia, or other consequential ailments.

Abstract: A hospital bed is supported on a Y-shaped base to facilitate the introduction of a C-arm for imaging a patient's chest. Head guards are mounted on each side of the head end of the bed on linkages that permit the head guards to be swung toward the foot end of the bed to improve the positioning of the C-arm over the head end of the bed. The head panel has pivotable longitudinal edges to further improve the positioning of the C-arm over the head end of the bed. Pivotable longitudinal edges of the head and leg panels permit head and foot guards to be moved laterally inwardly to narrow the bed for transporting a patient.

Abstract: A portable multi-component contoured body cushion for supporting at least portions of a body includes a head member configured and dimensioned for supporting the head portion, a chest member configured and dimensioned for supporting the chest portion, and an abdomen member configured and dimensioned for supporting the abdomen. If desired, an ankle bolster configured and dimensioned for supporting the lower leg and ankle portions is also provided. The chest member is formed of a plurality of preformed sheets of uniform thickness configured so as to provide recesses to accommodate the breasts and abdomen of the body and to provide supports at least for the sternum and collar portions. The abdomen member is formed of a plurality of preformed sheets of uniform thickness positioned one atop the other. This abdomen member is also configured so as to provide support for the pelvic region so as to generally straighten the lumbar spinal curve.

Abstract: The present invention is an "anti-wrinkle" pillow that surpasses the limitations of prior art designs by keeping the delicate facial skin completely away from contact with the pillow and its covering when a person sleeps on his or her side. Instead of manipulating pressure or height, the present invention incorporates a tubular "extension piece" which is placed snugly under the jawbone, thereby providing better support and comfort than prior art pillows and leaving the facial skin completely untouched.

Abstract: A leg or foot rest with a cushion support member which is horizontally and tiltably adjustable to the comfort of a user. The cushion support member is mounted on a platform and the platform is mounted on a base. Clips or the like are provided on the cushion support member for attaching it to the platform in a manner which permits the cushion support member to be moved on the platform towards and away from the user. Joints or the like are provided between the platform and its base which permit the platform to be tilted with respect to the base.

Abstract: A cushion arrangement includes a cushion body and a dynamic damper connected to the cushion body for damping vibration of the cushion body. The dynamic damper generally includes a mass and a resilient connection between the mass and the cushion body. The mass may include liquid. A device may offer resistance to movement of the liquid responsive to vibration of the cushion body.

Abstract: A method of making an anchor bolt with a thread on a section thereof comprising the steps of providing a metal bar (1) of circular or near circular cross-section having a diameter which is substantially equal to the pitch diameter of the thread to be provided thereon, extruding the bar along a selected section (A) thereof to reduce its cross-section, forming a series of lateral protrusions (3) on the selected section of the bar, straightening the bar, and, forming a thread (5) with the said pitch diameter on a further selected section of the bar.

Abstract: A fabrication last (10) for shoe manufacture on a computer-controlled transfer line comprises a toe part (11) and a heel part (12) which are displaceable relative to one another. The two last parts (11, 12) are held together by means of a lock (20). The latter comprises a flat metal part (21), which is fixed in one of the last parts (12) by means of screws (29), and an elongated hole (22) which extends between the two last parts (11, 12) substantially parallel to the sectional area (13). A stepped bore hole (14), in which a fork (23) is guided, is provided in the other last part (11). This fork (23) comprises a fork head (23.1) whose two sides overlap the flat metal part (21). A transverse pin (24) which engages through the elongated hole (22) and in this way holds together the two last parts (11, 12) is supported in the fork head (23.1). A two-piece receiving plate (30.1, 30.2) serves to fix the last (10) at the work stations of the transfer system.

Abstract: An orthotic, for providing proper support for a patient's foot within a shoe has provided on its top and bottom surfaces closely spaced substantially parallel grooves. The grooves on the top surface control slippage of the foot across the orthotic while the grooves on the bottom surface of the orthotic control slippage of the orthotic relative to the shoe's insole. The orthotic is shaped from a single monolithic workpiece by guiding a computer-controlled milling tool along substantially closely spaced parallel passes in a preselected pattern across the workpiece to thereby produce the orthotic's surface contours and surface texture in a single operation.

Abstract: An electric toothbrush comprises two main casings, a battery/motor casing and a brush drive casing, both casings being made of plastics material and one casing telescopically fitting over the other. The casing contains a battery, a motor and a motor shaft which carries the first gear of a reduction gear set which also comprises gears which drive a motor gear output shaft carrying a male coupling. The brush drive casing carries a brush head further reduction gearing and a brush drive shaft which carries a female coupling. When the couplings are mated telescopically, the male and female couplings connect so as to complete the drive to the toothbrush head. Preferably the toothbrush head is arranged to be driven in alternate directions, i.e., so as to have a reciprocal motion.

Abstract: A sweeping machine which includes a debris collection hopper and filter assembly which is readily attached to the lift bars of a conventional forklift so as to be manipulated both horizontally and vertically by the forklift and which is mounted thereto so as to float relative to the forklift in order to follow the contour of the surface being swept.

Abstract: A leaf sweeper having a sweeper portion including engine driven, flexible, rotary tines mounted on an engine support frame pivotally connected about a vertical axis to a wheeled main frame. A steering linkage is connected between the engine support frame and wheeled main frame for moving the sweeper portion about the vertical axis through an arc on either side of the longitudinal axis of the wheeled main frame, and a locking control mechanism is connected between the steering linkage and the wheeled main frame for holding the sweeper portion in a selected position relative to the longitudinal axis of the wheeled main frame.

Abstract: A self-propelled mechanical street sweeper comprising a production truck cab and chassis, the frame beams of which have been modified by removing rear portions thereof extending behind the rear axle. The sweeper comprises side brushes, a pick-up brush and a conveyor. The conveyor is mounted forwardly of the pick-up brush adjacent the rear axle of the chassis, and has a uniform width throughout its length, which width is substantially the same as the width of the pick-up brush. The street sweeper of the present invention also comprises a rear suspension mounted above and forwardly but not rearwardly of the rear axle, comprising a rubber pad mounted between the frame beams and the rear axle for biasing the rear axle away from the chassis, and a connecting arm pivotally mounted to the frame beams at a location forwardly of the rear axle for connecting the rear axle to the frame beams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices for cleaning golf clubs and, more particularly, to a spherical device that has a circumferential band of bristles.

Abstract: A toothbrush formed of a handle, a neck and a bristle head. In order to allow the bristle head to move out of the way in the event of excessive brushing pressure being applied during toothbrushing, an elastic segment is provided between the handle and the bristle head. Injury to the gums, damage to the teeth and possibly to the tooth-holding means can be averted by the elastic flexure of the bristle head. The elastic segment is formed by one or more clearances, slots or slits at least partially filled with elastic polymeric/copolymeric plastic material.

Abstract: Metal castings, having a number of internal passageways which open at different surface portions of the castings, are mounted upon a horizontal axis wheel-like frame. The frame is intermittently rotated and momentarily stopped so that castings are rotated at times and stationary at times. During the times that the castings are stationary, they are simultaneously subjected to either an externally applied vibration or to a momentary, several millisecond long, high pressure burst of air through their respective passageways. The alternating vibrations and momentary bursts of air loosen and remove the sand and other casting debris contained within the passageways. Additionally, the changing angularity of the castings, due to the rotation, coupled with the vibrations and bursts of air, dislodge such sand and debris from the walls and, also, downwardly out of the passageways.

Abstract: A front side flexible member is provided along the vicinity of an opening front edge of a suction opening of a suction nozzle main body and has a plurality of opening grooves. The flexible member is positioned at a dent wall of the suction nozzle main body. A suction guide wall is formed between the flexible member and the suction opening of the suction nozzle main body. The suction guide wall is positioned at a dent portion more than a bottom face of the suction nozzle main body. The large size solid dust at the corner portion is moved smoothly into the suction opening and the cleaning operation with the large size solid dust at the corner portion is carried out thoroughly.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner is provided that is alternatively operable as a stand alone, upright vacuum cleaner and as a canister vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner includes a nozzle assembly having a beater brush, a suction fan and a motor that drives both the beater brush and suction fan. A dirt tube assembly includes a first air flow passageway that directs dirt from the nozzle assembly to a dirt box and also includes a second air flow passageway that directs dirt from the nozzle assembly to a handle. The handle includes an air flow passageway that is coupled to the second air flow passageway in the dirt tube assembly. The handle is alternatively interconnectable with a cap for sealing the handle air flow passageway to operate the vacuum cleaner as a stand alone, upright vacuum cleaner wherein dirt is directed from the nozzle by the nozzle suction fan through the first air flow passageway to the dirt box.

Abstract: A scrubbing machine/vacuum cleaner which is carried by two spaced-apart front wheels and two spaced-apart rear wheels, having affixed to and extending from the front of the machine a cleaning head and brush assembly which is adapted to ride in proximity to, but in spaced-apart relationship from, the surface to be cleaned when all four wheels are resting on the surface to be cleaned. During actual cleaning operation, the head and brush assembly is adapted to press on the surface to be cleaned when the two rear wheels are raised from the surface to be cleaned. The front wheel assembly comprises a cross-member forming part of the frame carrying the machine, the cross-member having swivelably mounted thereto an axle. The axle carries the front wheels at its ends whereby the cleaning head is kept flat on the floor during the cleaning operation as the machine rolls over irregularities in the surface to be cleaned.

Abstract: A hollow tubular nozzle for attachment to power blowers or "leaf blowers" has a depending rectangular mounting flange extending transversely across its underside, the bottom portion of which is adapted to removably receive and retain a debris and trash loosening attachment member in the form of a brush or scraper blade which forcefully engages the surface to be cleaned to dislodge debris and trash therefrom while preventing damage to the nozzle from contacting the surface. The mounting flange may be integrally formed on the nozzle, or it may be a separate piece having a top portion conforming to the configuration of existing rectangular or round nozzles and adapted to be secured thereto. The mounting flange, brush and scraper attachments may be sold as a do-it-yourself kit to be installed on the existing nozzles. The user may simply install and remove the brush or scraper blade onto the mounting flange when desired.

Abstract: A kit including a coupler for sealing engagement to a vacuum intake nozzle such as utilized by "shop type" vacuum canisters. The kit further includes an adapter member threadedly securable to the coupler, wherein the adapter member sealingly and slidingly receives therewithin one of a plurality of vacuum wands of generally "L" shaped configuration, with a first wand defining an acute angle and the second wand defining an orthogonal relationship between its legs. The first and second wands are utilized to respectively clean a major and minor sector of a hot water tank, and particularly sediment collected on the bottom portion of the tank.

Abstract: A dispenser actuator handle including a body member, a first protrusion projecting from the body member, a second protrusion projecting from the body member and disposed below the first protrusion, and a reinforcement rib extending between the protrusions.

Abstract: An apparatus for offsetting a constant force over a range of movement, includes a power spring or clock spring, defined by a length of resilient material wound in a spiral, the opposite ends of which are attached relative to one of the force and a fixed point, and to a pulley. The pulley is substantially coaxial with the spring and has a rounded outer contour defining a progressively varying slope proceeding axially along the pulley. A flexible cord wraps around the pulley and leads to the other of the force and the fixed point. The opposite (inner and outer) ends of the spring can be mounted such that the inner end of the spring is fixed relative to the fixed point and the outer end of the spring is attached to the pulley. The constant force can be the weight of a window sash, movable vertically in a frame.