Abstract: A swirling effect nozzle has substance feed channels opening out into a swirling chamber which communicates with an outlet orifice. The ratio Ap/Ao where Ap is the smallest total section offered by the channels to the passage of the substance and Ao is the section of the outlet orifice is less than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for mixing two or more drilling fluid components to form a drilling fluid composition. In one embodiment, a method is provided which comprises (a) combining the components in a substantially sealed mixing tank to form a mixture, at least one of the drilling fluid components being dispensed under substantially sealed and externally dust-free conditions from at least one bulk bag into the tank, (b) agitating the mixture within the mixing tank, and (c) circulating at least a portion of the mixture from the mixing tank through grinding means for breaking apart agglomerates within the mixture.

Abstract: A spinning-reel fishing line guiding mechanism that readily does away with fishing line entanglement. Arm section (40a) of first bail support member (40) on bail arm (34) lies within a sphere having a radius of a first distance R1 given by the maximum distance from a reference point P--which is the juncture between stationary shaft cover (46) and bail (41)--to an outer peripheral portion of the arm section 40a. The arm section (40a) is formed such that distances R1a and R1b from the reference point P to points on its outer peripheral portion become gradually shorter than, heading outward from, the first distance R1. That is, the configuration is such that distances R1b become shorter than distances R1a.

Abstract: A device for actively steering and tensioning a web as it moves along a predetermined path is described. The web is partially wrapped around a rotatable guide roller. A first end of the guide roller is carried on a tiltable support member. The opposite end is attached to a pivotal bearing. A non-contact sensor is positioned to detect lateral misalignment of the web. A control device responsive to the sensor controls the tilting of the support member thereby to correct for lateral misalignment of the web. Pressure devices exert a predetermined pressure on each end of the guide roller independently of the position of the tiltable support member, to push the guide roller towards the web to generate the desired tension.

Abstract: An engine arrangement (10) comprises propulsion means for propelling the aircraft (12), and drive means to drive the propulsion means. The arrangement (10) further includes mounting means to mount at least the propulsion means in a location spaced above the upper surface of the aircraft (10). In the preferred embodiment, the propulsion means is in the form of tip driven fans (14), and the drive means comprises gas generators (34) mounted within the body of the aircraft (10) fixedly connected by intake ducts (36) to the underside of the aircraft (10).

Abstract: A baggage storage system especially for an aircraft passenger cabin includes a lowerable baggage compartment, a guide arrangement along which the motion of the baggage compartment is guided between an upper closed position and a lower open position, a powered drive unit, and a coupling arrangement that selectively couples or decouples the drive unit relative to the baggage compartment. With the drive unit coupled to the baggage compartment, a full powered raising and lowering of the baggage compartment is achieved. If the drive unit fails, it is decoupled from the baggage compartment, so that the baggage compartment can be manually raised and lowered. A locking latch arrangement securely latches the baggage compartment in the upper closed position.

Abstract: A telescopic shaft for rapid length adjustment consists of a tube having a plurality of alternating circumferential ridges and grooves on at least a portion of an inner surface and having an oval cross-section with a major diameter DA and a minor diameter DB; a shaft disposed within the tube and having matching circumferential ridges and grooves, the shaft also having an oval cross-section with a major diameter DC and a minor diameter DD; and the ridges and grooves of the tube interengaging with the grooves and ridges of the shaft when the shaft major diameter DC is substantially parallel with the tube minor diameter DB.

Abstract: An anchorage for anchoring an article to a bilateral flange which can have a width in a wide range of widths. First and second hooks are hooked over opposite flanges and securely retained thereon by a webbing strap of adjustable length extending between the two hooks. The webbing strap is permanently secured at one end to one of the hooks, and extends through a clamp on the other hook. The length of the webbing strap between the two hooks is fully adjustable in a wide range to accommodate the varying flange widths. As an alternative to a webbing strap and clamp, the hooks can be adjustably linked by an interpenetrating tongue and slot or buckle, mutually latched at a selected hook separation by a detent having projections urged into notches on the tongue.

Abstract: A pedestal apparatus for use in supporting a powered fan includes a hollow pedestal, a tubular column including a lower end supported on the pedestal, ballast supported within the interior space of the pedestal for lowering the center of gravity of the apparatus to restrain tipping, and a dampening element disposed within the tubular column for dampening vibration of the apparatus during use of the powered fan. The ballast and dampening element can be provided by the end user, reducing the weight of the apparatus as manufactured and shipped.

Abstract: A video display stand having dual panning axes suitable for controlling a screen direction of appliances such as a TV set or a personal computer without bumping against a wall even in a state that it is positioned very closely to the wall, and its controlling method for automatically controlling screen directions by using a driving force, including two motors being installed having gear driving shafts at one side of either a rotational base or a rotation support member of the TV set; two movement guide toothed slots each being formed along a circular arc centering a mutually opposite gear driving shaft with a predetermined width and depth, at the opposite side corresponding to the position of each motor, and having a gear portion to be engaged with the gear driving shaft at one side of each wall; and a controller for controlling driving of the motors.

Abstract: This invention relates to an active anti-vibration apparatus having an anti-vibration table on which a stage is mounted. This anti-vibration apparatus includes a pneumatic spring actuator for supporting and driving the anti-vibration table, a PI compensator for PI-compensating a target velocity signal determined by a velocity profile concerning the stage and necessary for driving the stage, and a motion mode distributing operation unit for controlling the pneumatic spring actuator in accordance with an output signal from the PI compensator.

Abstract: An angular position sensor unit has an encoder disc that is connected through a hub to an element whose angular position is to be measured. The encoder disc is made of a plastic material with a thickness between 0.1 and 1.0 mm and a planarity of <0.2 mm. An opening through the center of the encoder disc receives a flange of the hub. The flange has three or more ridges extending symmetrically in radial directions and engaging punched slots of the encoder disc. The slots conform to the contours of the ridges, so that the encoder disc is held in its position relative to the hub in a form-fitting, positive manner. In the axial direction, the disc is locked in place by the retainer.

Abstract: The scale 1 has an optical grating 12 of pitch &lgr;. Each of the light detectors PD1 and PD2 of the light detector array 22 has a plurality of the stripe-patterned portions 32 arranged at a pitch equal to &lgr; and the connecting portion 33 interconnecting the stripe-patterned portions 32.

Abstract: A projection having a micro-aperture on the tip is formed. Firstly, a projection or a dent is formed on a substrate. Then, a film is formed on the surface of the projection or of the opposite side of the dent so as to make the film thin at and near the tip of the projection or the dent. The film is subsequently etched to expose the tip, which is further etched to produce a micro-aperture. Preferably, the film is formed of a thermo-plastic material such as glass, especially phospho-silicate glass to produce a viscous flow under heated conditions. The probe having a micro-aperture can be used for a surface scanner, an aligner or an information processor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grid (3) for the absorption of X-rays (11). An anti-scatter grid for reducing the scattered radiation is readily manufactured by arranging a plurality of layers containing wire elements (10) that are spaced apart and an appropriate ruggedness is achieved also for large-area X-ray detectors.

Abstract: The invention is to observe semiconductor wafers with higher resolution at a low acceleration voltage—in particular, achieving such high-resolution observability when a wafer is inclined or tilted at large angles. A composite lens is used which consists essentially of a single-pole or monopole magnetic field type lens and an electrostatic field invasive lens whereas an electrode of the electrostatic field invasive lens which opposes the wafer is made of a magnetic material while letting a high voltage of the negative polarity be applied to this electrode and the wafer. Even when the wafer is tilted, any astigmatism and axis failure will hardly occur.

Abstract: The invention relates to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for injection of the ions orthogonally to the time-resolving axis-of-flight component, with a pulser for acceleration of the ions of the beam in the axis-of-flight direction, preferredly with a velocity-focusing reflector for reflecting the ion beam and with a flat detector at the end of the flight section.

Abstract: Realized are a near-field optical probe capable of illuminating or/and detecting near-field light great in intensity and acquiring an optical image great in S/N ratio, and a manufacturing method and near-field optical apparatus. Accordingly, a near-field optical probe comprises a cantilever in a cantilever form, a base for supporting the cantilever, a tip in a weight form formed on the cantilever, a microscopic aperture formed in an end of the tip, and a shade film formed on a surface of the cantilever opposite to the base and on area other than the microscopic aperture of the tip. The tip and the cantilever are formed of a transparent material high in transmissivity relative to a wavelength of light to be generated and/or detected by the microscopic aperture, and the tip is structurally filled with the transparent material.

Abstract: An X-ray detecting device and a fabricating method thereof capable of preventing a short between a lower electrode of a capacitor and a data line are presented. In the device, a data line insulating layer is formed to cover the data line and a gate line. The gate line is exposed through a contact hole defined in the data line insulating. Then a lower electrode is formed on the data line insulating layer and is electrically connected to the gate line via the contact hole. Subsequently, an upper electrode is formed to complete the device. The data line insulating layer prevents a short between the data line and the lower electrode when residual conductive materials are formed when the lower electrode is formed.

Abstract: Inspection method, apparatus, and system for a circuit pattern, in which when various conditions which are necessary in case of inspecting a fine circuit pattern by using an image formed by irradiating white light, a laser beam, or a charged particle beam are set, its operating efficiency can be improved. An inspection target region of an inspection-subject substrate is displayed, and a designated map picture plane and an image of an optical microscope or an electron beam microscope of a designated region are displayed in parallel, thereby enabling a defect distribution and a defect image to be simultaneously seen. Item names of inspecting conditions and a picture plane to display, input, or instruct the contents of the inspecting conditions are integrated, those contents are overlapped to the picture plane and layer-displayed, and all of the item names are displayed in parallel in a tab format in the upper portion of the picture plane of the contents.

Abstract: Objects such as semiconductor wafers to be studied in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) are subject to vibrations which are intensified by vibration resonance of the (thin) wafer, so that the resolution of the SEM is severely degraded. In prior art it is known to support the wafer by means of elastic support members. However, such support members do not counteract the detrimental vibrations. According to the invention there are provided elastic support elements 28 that can accommodate to the inevitable shape errors of the wafer 18 and hence remain in contact with the wafer surface 32. Moreover, the support elements are embodied in such a manner that frictional contact exists between the moving part 38 of the support element and the body 34 of the object carrier 20. The support elements thus provide support which is elastic for macroscopic support but hard for the vibrational movements in the nanometer range, thus inhibiting such vibrational movements.

Abstract: An excitation light irradiating device irradiates excitation light to a measuring site, the excitation light causing the measuring site to produce fluorescence. An imaging system detects an image of the fluorescence, which has been produced from the measuring site when the excitation light is irradiated to the measuring site. An imaging controller controls operations of the imaging system. The imaging system is provided with an image sensor, which comprises a plurality of pixels arrayed in two-dimensional directions and which has a fluorescence imaging region utilized for the imaging of the fluorescence and a non-imaging region other than the fluorescence imaging region.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for fabricating scintillators for use in a CT systems are described. Adjacent scintillator elements are separated by gaps filled with a composition of white diffuse reflective material, a light absorber, and a castable polymer. The composition increases the strength of the signal to the photodiode by minimizing the amount of light that is lost by the scintillator elements. Additionally, the light absorber minimizes the amount of light transferred between adjacent scintillator elements to limit cross-talk. In addition, the outer edges of the scintillator may have a lower amount of light absorber to compensate for the light lost from the periphery.

Abstract: An electron beam irradiating apparatus including an electron beam source; an accelerating unit for accelerating electrons emitted from the electron beam source; a deflecting unit for deflecting the highly energized electron beam generated by the accelerating unit in a scanning direction; a vacuum vessel accommodating the electron beam source, the accelerating unit, and the deflecting unit in a vacuum environment; a window foil for ejecting the electron beam from the vacuum environment into a gas environment; a crosspiece for adhering to and supporting the window foil; and a cooling block for shielding the crosspiece from the electron beam in areas that the electron beam intersects the crosspiece.

Abstract: A transport container for nuclear fuel is provided with an outer container having internal insulation, the insulation defining an internal cavity. The cavity receives a plurality of fuel containers wherein the internal volume of the fuel containers is at least 5% of the external volume of the outer container The container allows substantially higher volume proportions of enriched fuel to be safely transported than is possible with prior containers.

Abstract: A position detection apparatus comprises a radiation source mounted on an isolated reference frame and a two-dimensional detector mounted adjacent said radiation source. The object whose position is to be detected has a retro-reflector mounted on it so as to reflect light emitted from the radiation source along a return path that is parallel to but displaced from the incident light path. The amount of displacement is dependent on the position of the object and is measured by the two-dimensional detector. Three such apparatus can be combined in a system to measure the position of the object in all six degrees of freedom.

Abstract: A medical image reading apparatus comprises a controller to conduct an operation control on one of a first operation mode to execute reading a medical image after order information with regard to the reading the medical image is inputted and a second operation mode to execute reading a medical image before the order information with regard to the reading the medical image is inputted; and a reader to conduct the reading the medical image based on the operation control by the controller.

Abstract: In a radiation image read-out apparatus, a stimulable phosphor sheet storing thereon a radiation image is exposed to stimulating light and stimulated emission emitted from the stimulable phosphor sheet upon stimulation by the stimulating light is detected and an image signal representing the radiation image stored on the stimulable phosphor sheet is obtained by photoelectrically converting the stimulated emission. A read-out system includes an array of a plurality of read-out heads, each including a stimulating light source which projects the stimulating light onto the stimulable phosphor sheet and a photodetector which detects the stimulated emission. A conveyor system conveys the stimulable phosphor sheet and the read-out system relative to each other in a direction intersecting the direction of the array of the read-out heads.

Abstract: A coaxial valve includes an actuating drive, a valve housing (11), a valve sleeve (12) that is longitudinally slidable in the valve housing (11) between open and closed positions, and a closing body (13) arranged coaxially at one end of the valve sleeve (12). In the closed position, the valve sleeve seals against the closing body. In the open position, the valve sleeve is spaced from the closing body, to open a valve opening cross-section (V). The actuating drive includes an electric servomotor (21) with a linear actuator (22), and a transmission mechanism (30) for transmitting the linear movement of the actuator to the valve sleeve. The transmission mechanism includes a rocker lever with a first end articulately connected to the linear actuator, a second end articulately connected to the valve housing, and a middle section articulately connected to the valve sleeve.

Abstract: A refrigerating oil composition which exhibits excellent lubrication properties when used in combination with certain types of coolant, such as a hydrofluorocarbon coolant, which may serve as substitutes for chlorofluorocarbon coolants which have been implicated as causing environmental problems. The refrigerating oil composition of the present invention is obtained by incorporating, into a component (A); i.e., a base oil containing a synthetic oil, a component (B); i.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a vertical power component on a substrate formed of a lightly-doped silicon wafer, including the steps of boring on the lower surface side of the substrate a succession of holes perpendicular to this surface; diffusing a dopant from the holes, of a second conductivity type opposite to that of the substrate; and boring similar holes on the upper surface side of the substrate to define an isolating wall and diffuse from these holes a dopant of the second conductivity type with a high doping level, the holes corresponding to the isolating wall being sufficiently close for the diffused areas to join laterally and vertically.

Abstract: Materials, both glass and glass-ceramic, that exhibit UV-induced changes in light transmission and electrical conductivity behavior. The materials consist essentially, in mole %, of 20-40% SiO2, 10-20% AlO1.5, 35-55% SiO2+AlO1.5, at least 30% CdF2, 0-20% PbF2, and/or ZnF2, 0-15% rare earth metal fluoride, and 45-65% total metal fluorides.

Abstract: A near infrared absorption acrylic composition containing a sulfonic acid group-containing (meth)acrylic compound represented by the following general formula (1):

Abstract: An apparatus for manually locking and/or unlocking the parts of a vehicle seat includes a housing part and a lever part reaching through an opening in the housing part. The housing part has at least one spring mechanism that latches the lever part in at least one position inside of the opening.

Abstract: A device for fixing a lifeline against a wall of a building includes a shackle with two flanges, a clip cut and bent to feature a channel section the edges of which are extended by lugs and two sleeves featuring a longitudinal slot enabling them to be mounted on the lifeline. Each sleeve is conformed to feature a cylindrical part which can be inserted between the channel section and the lifeline and extended by a part which becomes thinner towards its free end. The flanges of the shackle and the lugs each include a hole. The holes are aligned so that a nut-and-bolt fastener can be passed through them.

Abstract: A MOS technology power device comprises a semiconductor material layer of a first conductivity type, a conductive insulated gate layer covering the semiconductor material layer, and a plurality of elementary functional units. The conductive insulated gate layer includes a first insulating material layer placed above the semiconductor material layer, a conductive material layer placed above the first insulating material layer, and a second insulating material layer placed above the conductive material layer. Each elementary functional unit includes an elongated body region of a second conductivity type formed in the semiconductor material layer. Each elementary functional unit further includes an elongated window in the insulated gate layer extending above the elongated body region. Each elongated body region includes a source region doped with dopants of the first conductivity type, intercalated with a portion of the elongated body region wherein no dopant of the first conductivity type are provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with a tunnel diode (23) is particularly suitable for various applications. Such a device comprises two mutually adjoining semiconductor regions (2, 3) of opposed conductivity types and having doping concentrations which are so high that breakdown between them leads to conduction by means of tunnelling. A disadvantage of the known device is that the current-voltage characteristic is not yet steep enough for some applications.

Abstract: A semiconductor testing device is used for testing a semiconductor device which has at least one spherical connection terminal. The testing device includes an insulating substrate having an opening formed therein at a position corresponding to the position of the spherical connection terminal, and a contact member, formed on the insulating substrate, including a connection portion which is connected with the spherical connection terminal, at least the connection portion being deformable and extending into the opening.

Abstract: A base film is formed for the TFTs in order to prevent diffusion of impurities from the glass substrate into the active layer, to maintain stability in the characteristics such as Vth and S-value of the TFTs and to maintain enhanced productivity. A film in which the composition ratios of N, O and H are continuously changed by changing the flow rates of H2 and N2O, is used as the base film to prevent a change in the TFT characteristics. The base film can be formed by varying the flow rates of H2 and N2O in the same film-forming chamber to enhance the productivity.

Abstract: A thin film semiconductor device formed as integrated circuits on an insulating substrate with bottom gate type thin film transistors stacked with gate electrodes, a gate insulating film and a semiconductor thin film in the order from below upward. The gate electrodes comprise metallic materials with thickness less than 100 nm. The gate insulating film has a thickness thicker than the gate electrodes. The semiconductor thin film comprises polycrystalline silicon crystallized by a laser beam. By reducing thickness of metallic gate electrodes, thermal capacity becomes small and difference in thermal condition on the metallic gate electrodes and on the insulating substrate made of glass or the like becomes small. This invention relates to the task of uiforming and optimizing recrystallization by a laser anneal treatment provided for the semiconductor thin film which works as an active layer of the bottom gate type thin film transistors.

Abstract: A film containing such an element as germanium or tin is formed on a wiring electrode mainly made of aluminum. A wiring film to take contact to the wiring electrode is further formed thereon. The film containing the above element is rendered flowable by performing a heat treatment. This process allows formation of a reliable contact.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having an increased pixel aperture ratio is disclosed along with a method of making same. An array of a-Si TFTs is deposited on a transparent substrate. Subsequently, an organic insulating layer (e.g. Benzocyclobutene) and a corresponding array of pixel electrodes are deposited over the TFT array so that the pixel electrodes overlap the display address lines thereby increasing the display's pixel aperture ratio. The low dielectric constant &egr; (e.g. about 2.7) and relatively high thickness (e.g. greater than about 1.5 &mgr;m) of the insulating layer reduce the pixel electrode-address line parasitic capacitance CPL in the overlap areas thereby reducing cross-talk (or capacitive coupling) in the display. In sum, an increased pixel aperture ratio is achieved without sacrificing display performance.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a self-aligned bipolar junction transistor in a semiconductor structure having a first layer of silicon carbide generally having a first conductivity type and a second layer of silicon carbide generally having a second conductivity type, opposite to the first conductivity type. The method comprises forming a pillar in the second silicon carbide layer, the pillar having a side wall and defining an adjacent horizontal surface on the second layer, forming a dielectric layer having a predetermined thickness on the second semiconductor layer, including the side wall and the horizontal surface. After formation of the dielectric layer, the dielectric layer on a portion of the horizontal surface adjacent the side wall is anisotropically etched while at least a portion of the dielectric layer remains on the side wall, thereby exposing a portion of the horizontal surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device has a substrate made of a semiconductor of a first conductivity-type, a first light reflecting layer made of a semiconductor of the first conductivity-type and provided on a main surface of the substrate, an active layer made of a semiconductor including InGaAlP and provided on the first reflecting layer, a second light reflecting layer made of a semiconductor of a second conductivity-type and provided on the active layer, a current blocking layer having an opening, only through the opening a current flowing into the active layer, a transparent electrode provided on the second light reflecting layer, a front surface electrode provided on the transparent electrode and having an opening through which emission from the active layer is extracted; and a rear surface electrode provided on a rear surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor light-emitting element is disclosed. An n type AlGaN cladding layer is grown on a GaN substrate, and an InGaN active layer of a quantum well structure is grown on the n type AlGaN cladding layer at a temperature of about 800° C. or less. Subsequently, a buffer layer of any one of GaN, AlGaN, and InGaN is grown on the InGaN active layer at a temperature of about 900° C. or less. A p type AlGaN cladding layer and a p type GaN electrode layer are sequentially grown on the buffer layer. A p type electrode is formed over the p type GaN electrode layer while an n type electrode is formed below the substrate or over the n type cladding layer. Thus, the nitride semiconductor light-emitting element having high efficiency optical characteristic and thermal characteristic can be obtained.

Abstract: In a method of producing a semiconductor laser apparatus, a conductive die-bonding paste is applied to a bonding surface in a predetermined position thereof and then preheated at a temperature equal to or higher than a temperature at which a diluent of the conductive die-bonding paste starts to transpire, but lower than a temperature at which the conductive die-bonding paste starts a thermosetting reaction. Then, with a semiconductor laser chip placed on the preheated conductive die-bonding paste, the latter is heated to be hardened. In the thus produced semiconductor laser apparatus, a highest position at which the conductive die-bonding paste adheres to end surfaces of the semiconductor laser chip is at a height of more than 0.01 mm from the bonding surface, but is below light-emitting points of the semiconductor laser chip.

Abstract: A substrate has a principal surface exposing a first semiconductor material. A micro structure is disposed on the principal surface of the substrate. The micro structure is made of a second semiconductor material having a lattice constant different from a lattice constant of the first semiconductor material, and defines a three-dimensionally irregular upper surface. A strained layer is disposed on the micro structure. The strained layer is made of a third semiconductor material having a lattice constant different from a lattice constant of the first semiconductor material. A semiconductor device is provided which has the structure allowing to form a high quality strained layer in terms of crystallography.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device provided with a plurality of standard cells each comprising an input terminal and MOS transistors, a diffused region having a substantially negligibly small resistance is formed in a semiconductor substrate, and the input terminal of the standard cell and gates of the MOS transistors are connected through the diffused region. Also, a diffused region is formed under the input terminal in the substrate, and the input terminal is connected to the diffused region. In a modification, another standard cell is formed by forming a diffused region and a metal layer connected to the diffused region on the substrate, and the another standard cell is connected to the input terminal.

Abstract: The semiconductor memory device of the present invention comprises: memory cells arranged in a matrix; word lines extending in a row direction; bit line pairs extending in a column direction; exchange blocks for exchanging the bit lines of the different neighboring bit line pairs.

Abstract: An active pixel is described comprising a semiconductor substrate and a radiation sensitive source of carriers in the substrate, such as for instance, a photodiode. A non-carrier storing, carrier collecting region in the substrate is provided for attracting carriers from the source as they are generated. At least one doped or inverted region of a first conductivity is provided in or on the substrate for storing the carriers before read-out. At least one non-carrier storing, planar current flow, carrier transport pathway is provided from or through the carrier collecting region to the at least one doped or inverted region to transfer the carriers without intermediate storage to the read-out electronics.