Abstract: To provide a scanning method in which a probe is staggered across an uneven surface of a sample without increasing a relative speed thereof, and measurement of physical quantities acting on the probe and sample can be doubled compared with those measured by the conventional raster scan method. This method substantially improves a scanning speed.

Abstract: A side-mount bracket system for locking the sensor position with respect to a side-mount bracket once the air gap is first established by the gauging layer method, wherein the sensor may be removed and then reinstalled without use of any position setting procedure, yet the air gap is automatically precisely reset to its original value. The side-mount bracket system according to the present invention includes a washer and a side-mount bracket having an elongated slot, wherein as the washer is brought into the slot, facial interaction therebetween, eg., teeth inscribing a smooth surface, causes the washer to be positionally fixed with respect to the bracket. Alteratively, the washer may be slidably trapped onto the bracket at the slot, and a tapered bolt having a varying cross-section which causes expansion of the washer as it is threaded home, thereby affixing the washer positionally with respect to the bracket.

Abstract: A diagnostic system is provided for aiding a technician or engineer in verifying that a combustion condition sensor provided with an engine is operating properly. The diagnostic system can be used to diagnose the operation of an oxygen sensor included with such an engine. The diagnostic system is configured to sample output voltages of the combustion condition sensor and compare such voltages with predetermined reference voltages.

Abstract: A tire and/or wheel testing machine and method for operating the same allows testing without removal of a drive motor that is only used during some of the tests. One aspect is a testing machine wherein the drive motor is supported by a support member so that the motor axis intersects with a spindle plane having the spindle axis. Another aspect includes a coupling assembly allowing selective decoupling of the motor shaft with the spindle hub.

Abstract: A variable value (dynamic load radial deviation &bgr;) for making determination of a tire air pressure is calculated from pulse number cumulative values PFL, PFR, PRL and PRR that are cumulated for individual wheels when a predetermined condition is fulfilled. The calculated variable value is stored as a reference variable value, and a speed of a vehicle at the time when the reference variable value is calculated is stored as a reference vehicle speed associated with the reference variable value. If the value is newly calculated, it is determined whether or not a vehicle speed at that moment is within a predetermined vehicle speed range determined by the reference vehicle speed. If it is determined that the vehicle speed is within the predetermined vehicle speed range, it is determined, based on a difference between the newly calculated variable value and the reference variable value associated with the reference vehicle speed, whether or not the tire air pressure is normal.

Abstract: A volume meter 1 for measuring the volume of cups in a printing device has a reservoir formed by an indentation 5 in a foil 3. In the reservoir there is a viscous substance 11 comprising grease mixed with a colorant. The volume meter 1 has an adhesive 17 for fastening to a screen. The foil is free over an area 18 of the adhesive 17. This area 18 is larger than the spot that the viscous substance 11 covers after the spreading in the cups with the help of a doctor blade. The size of this spot is a measure for the volume of the cups and can be read with the aid of a scale division present on the foil 3. The indentation 5 in the foil 3 has such a form that the foil 3 does not fold double if a doctor blade is passed along the indentation 5, and the foil 3 at the place of the indentation 5 is pushed against the screen with the doctor blade in order to push the viscous substance 11 out of the reservoir.

Abstract: Measuring system and process for determining properties of a running fibrous material web in a drying section of a machine producing the fibrous material web. The system includes at least one upper roll and at least one lower roll. The fibrous material web is arranged to partially wrap the at least one upper roll and the at least one lower roll and to run between these rolls at an angle between about 0° and 45° to a vertical. A sensor guide is arranged crosswise to a web run direction, and at least one sensor is arranged to traverse the sensor guide in the web run direction in a region of the at least one lower roll. The sensor is structured and arranged for determining a web parameter, and is oriented to form a maximum angle of about 60° to a horizontal through an axis of the lower roll.

Abstract: A thermal flow-rate sensor has a flow sensor (3) and a thermal-conductivity measuring cell (4). The flow sensor (3) comprises a first heating device and a first temperature detector, which reacts to the temperature of the first heating device, and can be exposed to a flowing fluid whose flow rate is to be determined. The thermal-conductivity measuring cell (4) comprises a measuring-cell casing (42), a second heating device and a second temperature detector which reacts to the temperature of the second heating device. The measuring-cell casing (42) has at least one opening (46) arranged for entry of the fluid into the measuring-cell casing (42).

Abstract: A fuel level indicator for a propane tank has a top and a base. The top has means to receive and support a propane tank. The top is spring mounted to a base by bolts surrounded by springs. The top moves downward when a full propane tank is mounted thereon. As the tank empties, the top moves upward from the force of the springs. A level indicator is located on the device to indicate the level of the top above the base. In a further embodiment a remote fuel level indicator is used.

Abstract: An ALC circuit is turned on (S1), a nozzle is shifted to a sampling position (S2), and after the ALC circuit has been turned off (S3), the nozzle is allowed to start discharging air from its tip (S4). While the nozzle is being lowered, the inner pressure of the nozzle is monitored (S5, S6), and upon detection of an increase in the pressure, the discharging process of air and the nozzle lowering process are stopped (S7), while the monitoring of the magnitude of the pressure is continued (S8). When the magnitude of the pressure is being maintained within a permissible range of the change for a predetermined time, it is judged that the tip of the nozzle has come into contact with the true liquid level, and after a suction operation of a sample (S9), the nozzle is raised (S10).

Abstract: A method and system for remote monitoring of liquid level 21 within a container 12, such as the level of fuel within a propane cylinder. A magnetic float 20 disposed within the container 12 floats on the liquid 21, and lowers with the liquid level as fuel is consumed. Magnetic sensors 22 outside the container 12 sense the float 20 as it passes in the proximity of one of the sensors 22. A controller 26 receives output signals from the sensors 22 and transmits level indicating signals to a gauge 28 or other indicator for remote indication of the corresponding liquid level. The indicator 28 can be located proximal the user's direct line of sight, to remind the user to periodically monitor the fuel level to prevent running out of fuel.

Abstract: A filling level sensor (2) for a fuel container (1) of a motor vehicle has two lever arms (4, 5). One of the lever arms (4) supports a float (10), while the other lever arm (5) is prestressed against the bottom of the fuel container (1). A detecting device (6) for detecting the filling level in the fuel container (1) determines the difference between the positions of the lever arms (4, 5). The detection of the filling level in the fuel container (1) is hereby rendered very accurate.

Abstract: A position-sense interface with improved transfer characteristics. Electrical position detection circuitry, which may be substantially time-multiplexed or frequency-multiplexed, comprises a differential charge integrator with input-sensed output-driven common mode feedback. By placing sense capacitors in the feedback loop of said differential charge integrator with input-sensed output-driven common mode feedback, improved position sensing linearity is attained. In some embodiments of the invention, a compensating charge is applied to the sense capacitors in a fashion that minimizes the output common mode shift of the opamp. The magnitude of the compensating charge may be preset at a substantially constant level, or derived by a feedback loop that measures the shift in output common mode voltage in response to an excitation signal and adjusts the magnitude of the compensating charge to drive said shift towards zero.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an acceleration sensor having a novel structure, by which high precision and high reliability can be realized.

Abstract: A method and system for testing a test object, such as a satellite, is disclosed. High energy acoustic testing is performed on the object by assembling an acoustical system about the test object rather than transporting the test object to a specially configured acoustic chamber. The acoustic system of the present invention preferably provides and directs acoustic energy directly to the surfaces of the test object rather than providing the test object in a high energy acoustic environment where a substantial amount of the acoustic energy is randomly directed within a chamber having the test object. Additionally, the present invention further provides for mechanical vibration tests concurrently or serially with acoustic testing, wherein the object is not required to be transported.

Abstract: A plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements are arranged on the top surface of a probe, which is a concave spherical surface, so that ultrasonic beams transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer elements will intersect at a point coincident with the center of curvature of a curve delineated by the top surface. At this time, the acoustic lines conically propagate over a region beyond the point of intersection. Namely, the ultrasonic beams transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer elements pass through the point of intersection coincident with the center of curvature, and then conically and three-dimensionally propagate over the region beyond the point of intersection. Thus, acoustic lines are three-dimensionally transmitted to a wide region beyond an intercostal part of a physiological body or any other narrow space, and echoes returned from the region are received. Consequently, the wide region can be three-dimensionally monitored.

Abstract: A probe 10 transmits an ultrasonic pulse of a wide band, and detects its echo to generate a reception signal. The reception signals are respectively filtered by three filter parts (14a to 14c) of different passing bands. Outputs of the respective filter parts (14a to 14c) are signal components of a narrow band, and speckle components (interference components by a fine structure) appear conspicuously. Outputs of the respective filter parts (14a to 14c) are detected, and the detection outputs are set respectively as each color signal of R, G and B, and are composed by an image composition part (20), whereby a speckle part is displayed by coloring in R, G or B. As a tissue boundary part is high in a signal level in any band, it is displayed in a whitish color by composition.

Abstract: An ultrasonic aligning device for laterally aligning a rail testing device with respect to a rail has an ultrasonic transducer formed of an array of closely spaced ultrasonic elements, with center to center distances between elements being selected to determine incremental lateral positions of the array relative to the rail. The ultrasonic elements are selectively actuated to cause the generation of ultrasonic beams towards the base portion of the rail. Reflections from the base portion are detected to produce reflection signals representative of the incidence of the ultrasonic beam onto said base portion. The reflection signals are processed by a reflection analyzer for a determination of the lateral offset of the ultrasonic array relative to the rail. A position signal indicative thereof is produced and used to laterally displace the array to achieve a desired lateral alignment of the rail testing device with the rail.

Abstract: To enable vibration conditions of a measured object to be measured with high accuracy independently of a laser oscillating wavelength. A vibration measuring means includes a laser resonator for oscillating a laser beam and generating beat waves through self-mixture of a returning beam obtained when the oscillated emitted beam is reflected by the measured object with a beam oscillated and emitted when the returning beam is received, a modulated beat frequency generation controller 8 for providing the beat waves with a modulated beat frequency that is higher than a Doppler frequency that is superposed on the returning beam while varying depending on a speed of the measured object, and a signal processor 21 for executing signal processing on the beat waves generated by the self-mixture in the laser resonator and outputting a result of the processing as vibration information.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided for measuring a pressure difference between two fluids which does not require isolation fluid. The pressure sensor includes a diaphragm support member having an outer periphery and diaphragms coupled thereto. Movement of the diaphragms are the movement of a moveable member. The movement can be sensed to determine the applied differential pressure. The coupling member is joined to the outer periphery with a web. The web is recessed from opposed outwardly facing surfaces of the outer periphery, and first and second diaphragms disposed on opposite sides of the diaphragm support member. Each diaphragm is joined to the outer periphery and to the coupling member.

Abstract: A pressure monitoring assembly includes an isolation valve assembly and a differential pressure sensor assembly. The rigid manifold has two pressure inlet ports which each communicate with respective pressure outlet ports through isolation valves. An equalization passage and valve connect the two pressure lines. The pressure sensor assembly is sized to mate directly with the monolithic manifold by having sensor inlet ports that line up with the pressure outlet ports. Pressure tight attachments releasably secure the pressure sensor assembly to the manifold, but are rigid to support the weight of the pressure sensor assembly. No bleeding valves are necessary. Orientation and the positioning and construction of the manifold effectively reduce the amount of heat transfer between the pressure lines and the pressure sensor(s).

Abstract: A system for determining whether sutures and/or bone anchors satisfy some minimum strength threshold. The system includes a handle that contains a sensor for measuring forces or loads (e.g., a strain gauge), an indicator, and a controller. The controller is coupled to the sensor and the indicator. During use, a surgeon installs an anchor into a patient's bone. To test the strength of the anchor, the sensor is connected to the anchor preferably by some mechanical linkage, such as a rod or shaft. The surgeon then pulls on the handle. By pulling on the handle, a corresponding force is applied to the anchor through the mechanical linkage. As the surgeon pulls, the controller receives a signal from the sensor that is proportional to the force or load being applied to the anchor. The controller compares the sensor signal with some pre-determined threshold.

Abstract: A valve positioner system that includes one or more unique control methods and devices, including several routines to facilitate the continuous maintenance, calibration and adjustment requirements of the valve. The positioner system may utilize pressure and position feedback signals to monitor the valve. The positioner system may utilize an external controller for various diagnostic and other routines. The positioner system can provide automatic positioning and can operate in a manual operating mode or an automatic operating mode. The positioner system can diagnose the valve while the valve process is running or during a maintenance operation. The positioner system can provide nonlinear control of the valve position. The positioner system can self-tune and self-characterize the valve to assure uniform position control. The positioner system can provide valve control through pressure feedback when a position feedback fails or other diagnosed problems.

Abstract: A sampler for removing a sample of gas from a flue or stack utilizes virtual impactor principles, together with a gas jet ejector to insure that the surfaces are kept free of particles. The gas that is discharged from the sampler thus is not changed in character by contact with particles that may adhere to surfaces of the sampler.

Abstract: A system and method for collecting a sample of a fluid comprising a sampling apparatus for use in natural or man-made bodies of fluid comprising a polymer-based or metal collection capillary, a capillary filling means attached to said capillary and at least two collapsible sample demarcation indicators affixed to said capillary. The apparatus of the instant invention is deployed by first inserting a polymer-based or metal collection capillary below the surface of the fluid body from which a sample is to be withdrawn then filling the capillary using the capillary filling means, monitoring the flow of fluid from the fluid body to the internal chamber of the submerged collection capillary and then causing the cessation of said flow.

Abstract: A hand-held syringe-like device has needle containing a trap with a barrel and plunger to draw air into and out of the needle through the trap. In a method of operating the device, particulate matter in air is retained in the trap and subsequently analytes from the trap are desorbed in an analytical instrument.

Abstract: The Vectored Inertia Drive is a thrust producing apparatus optimally comprising multiple gyroscopic masses mounted to a rotating structure, wherein the spin axis of the gyroscopic masses is maintained perpendicular to the spin axis of the rotatable structure, and which are able to exhibit gyroscopic resistance and extinguish said resistance as needed. In operation during predetermined degrees the gyroscopic masses exhibit gyroscopic resistance to the rotation of the rotatable structure causing the rotational center of the entire system to move toward the gyroscopic mass imparting a motion with two linear components. By changing the rotational center in a continuous series, the device is able to impart linear motion to an attached vehicle.

Abstract: A method for controlling a gear unit of a motor vehicle having synchronizing devices. When an actuating device of a synchronizing device is controlled in terms of force or travel, strongly differing wear behavior occurs depending on use. The inclination of the travel path or the shifting frequency is detected during operation of the motor vehicle and a characteristic diagram is used in order to adapt the shifting force to the information item obtained.

Abstract: A shifter includes a base and a shift lever pivoted to the base for movement along a single planar shift path. The single planar shift path includes a first portion having P, R, N, and D (i.e. an automatic-shift mode) and a second portion with 4, 3, 2, and 1 (i.e. a manual shift mode). A switch on the shift lever operates a solenoid for changing between an automatic shift mode where the first portion is operable, and a manual shift mode where the second portion is operable. A shift lever position indicator indicates a position of the shift lever in all its positions. The shift lever position indicator includes first and second polarized screens and a first and second polarized light sources arranged to selectively illuminate the first and second indicia when the shift lever is in the automatic or manual shift mode.

Abstract: A bicycle crank assembly comprises pedals, crank arms, an axle and a chainring assembly. The pedals, crank arms, and axle are coupled to the chainring assembly through an elastic element in the form of a U-shaped spring. This elastic coupling allows relative angular rotation between pedals and chainring proportional to the force exerted on the pedals by a bicycle rider. The proportionality constant, or elasticity, is adjustable by repositioning the spring within its supporting structure. The elasticity may be thus adjusted to enable accurate calibration of measurement instrumentation associated with the crank assembly, or for any purpose for which an an adjustable elastic coupling is desirable.

Abstract: A crankshaft assembly for an internal combustion engine having a one-piece elongated shaft adapted to rotate about a longitudinal axis. The shaft includes a radially offset portion between the ends of the shaft, and this radially offset portion is spaced axially inwardly from each end of the shaft. An elongated connecting rod having a one-piece annular bearing support at one end is secured to the shaft so that the annular bearing support is positioned around the shaft offset portion. A first counterweight is secured to the shaft adjacent one end of the shaft offset portion while a second counterweight is secured to the shaft adjacent the other end of the shaft offset portion. In an alternate embodiment, the crankshaft, crankpin and one counterweight are formed as a casting. A one-piece connecting rod is then slid onto the crankpin and a second counterweight is molded to the crankshaft on the side of the crankpin opposite from the cast counterweight.

Abstract: Several methods and production facilities are provided in order to solve several problems encountered in conventional methods and facilities for producing reduced iron by reducing raw material pellets of a mixture of an iron oxide powder and a reducing material powder in a rotary bed-type reducing furnace and by melting the reduced iron in a sealed-type electro-blast furnace.

Abstract: A universal power tool has at least two interchangeable first housing units, at least two interchangeable second housing units, one of the at least two first housing units having a first axis and a cam mechanism to be turned by an outside power source, the other of the at least two first housing units having a cylinder-piston arrangement with a piston rod movable by fluid power, each of the at least two second housing units having a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, a lever, ratchet mechanism, different engaging structures for engaging a threaded connector to be tightened or loosened, and also having a third axis perpendicular to the first axis and to the second axis, and a structure for interchangeably connecting one of the at least two second housing units to one of the at least two first housing units, so that upon rotating the cam of the one of the at least two first housing units in one direction the cam mechanism imparts a movement along the first axis, and upon moving a piston of the other o

Abstract: Socket and ratchet wrench combinations having systems for positively locking the socket to the ratchet wrench are disclosed. The disclosed sockets have at least one circumferential axially aligned annular groove extending about their exterior surface with one or more openings in the side of the groove(s) for receiving sections on the ratchet wrench which cooperate with the socket's groove(s) to positively lock the socket to the wrench.

Abstract: A torque extension for a set of hex key wrenches of standard outer diameter sizes has at least one counter bore hole on one end with an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter size of at least one hex key wrench of the set. The short side of the hex key wrench can be inserted in the extension element and used for turning, while the long side of the hex key wrench is used to reach a socket-head screw in a deep recess. Preferably, each extension element has two counter bore holes on opposite ends for accommodating two hex key wrench sizes.

Abstract: A bit-storing tool handle is provided that includes a surface of the handle defining a channel adapted to retain the bit, and a fulcrum point contained within the channel for rotating the retained bit out of the channel. The bit-storing tool handle may alternatively include a plurality of channels adapted to retain the bits such that the longitudinal axis of the retained bits are co-linear to the longitudinal axis of the handle and a fulcrum point within each of the channels that promotes the manual rotation of each of the bits about a cooperating fulcrum point so that upon such rotation, the bits extend radially from the longitudinal axis of the handle. The channels include an opening dimensioned and configured to allow the finger of a person to insert under a first end of the bit thereby facilitating the removal of the bit from the channel when an excessive amount of force is required to pivot the bit due to cold weather or similar conditions.

Abstract: In order to so improve a lathe comprising a machine frame, a first workpiece spindle with a vertical first spindle axis and a first workpiece holder, a first carriage system for moving the first workpiece spindle, a second workpiece spindle with a vertical second spindle axis, and a second workpiece holder facing the first workpiece holder, a second carriage system for moving the second workpiece spindle, the first workpiece spindle and the second workpiece spindle being adapted to be brought into a transfer position, that the machine frame can be manufactured in as simple and cost-efficient a manner as possible, it is proposed that the machine frame comprise a first machine bed and a second machine bed constituting an assembly separate from the first machine bed, and that the first carriage system be guided solely on the first machine bed, and the second carriage system be guided solely on the second machine bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cutting apparatus equipped with a means for alignment of its rotary blade relative to a selected street on a semiconductor wafer. The cutting apparatus has a marking member positioned at such a place that the rotary blade can make a mark of cutting position in an indexing direction on the marking member, thereby permitting the rotary blade to be put in precise alignment relative to a selected cutting line on the semiconductor wafer by adjusting the rotary blade in the direction traversing the street-cutting direction until the trace of the rotary blade has been put in alignment with a reference hairline.

Abstract: A machine tool has a work table which defines a working surface and has a cutting tool which is attached to and movable with respect to the work table. The position of the cutting tool with respect to the working surface is controlled by a mechanism which elevates the cutting tool with respect to the working surface and angulates the cutting tool with respect to the working surface. The cutting tool is mounted to a support plate which is pivotably attached to the work table. The elevating mechanism includes a threaded rod and a nut which engages a pivoting link. The pivoting link also engages the cutting tool. Rotation of the threaded rod pivots the link which in turn raises and lowers the cutting tool. A spring biases the cutting tool towards its lower position to remove play between the components. The angulating mechanism includes a lever, two cams and a locking rod. Rotation of the lever moves the locking rod longitudinally due to the action between the two cams.

Abstract: a cutting device, including a receptacle for containing butter; a push mechanism for pushing the butter or margarine down into the receptacle, the push mechanism sitting atop a stick of butter and inside the receptacle, the push mechanism being in mechanical communication with the receptacle such that movement of the receptacle causes the push mechanism to move butter downward in relation to the receptacle, the push mechanism including a retrieval chain; a cutter, the cutter including a mechanism for knocking-off a piece of cut butter, the knocking off mechanism being a tapered piece; a gear mechanism in mechanical communication with the receptacle such that movement of the receptacle causes movement of the gear mechanism, the gear mechanism including at least one upper flat gear joined to the receptacle, a round gear joined to the frame and at least one lower flat gear joined to the cutter, wherein movement of the receptacle causes the upper flat gear to rotate the round gear, which in turn moves the lower f

Abstract: A cut-off mechanism for forming metal parts from elongate stock and the like includes a first jaw having a laterally inclined first cutting surface that extends between a sharpened leading edge and a trailing edge. A second jaw has a laterally inclined second cutting surface that extends between a sharpened leading edge and a trailing edge. A connector pivotally interconnects the first and second jaws in a side-by-side relationship at a location spaced apart from the first and second cutting surfaces. The connector positions the leading edges of the first and second cutting surfaces in close planar alignment to shear cut stock positioned therebetween. The leading edge of the first cutting surface has a hook-shaped side elevational configuration extending arcuately between an outer tip portion thereof and an inner base portion thereof.

Abstract: A protection device for cymbals wherein a cymbal sleeve having a top portion and bottom portion, joined along their perimeter, form a pocket. A mouth being formed by the unjoined portion of the perimeters of the respective portions for receiving a cymbal. The top portion having a top post opening generally located within its center and the bottom portion having a bottom post opening generally located within its center. The top post opening and bottom post opening being aligned with the cymbal opening for allowing the post of a cymbal case or a cymbal stand to be received through the bottom portion, cymbal, and top portion for securing the cymbal and protective cymbal sleeve in the cymbal case. An inner cushion can be placed between two cymbals so that a plurality of cymbals can be placed in one pocket and the cymbals are prevented from contacted each other.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for chording. One embodiment of an apparatus comprises a user-wearable support element, in the form of a glove having finger and thumb portions. An output generating element in the form of a switch is provided corresponding to each finger and thumb portion of the glove. An activator is provided for each finger and thumb portion of the glove. In one embodiment, each activator comprises a wire having one end connected to the glove and a second end arranged to activate the switch corresponding to its respective finger or thumb portion. Movement of each finger and thumb into one or more positions causes the respective activator to activate its respective switch. In one embodiment, the outputs generated by the switches are input to a signal controller. The signal controller is arranged to provide a second output dependent upon the inputs from the various switches. In one embodiment, the second output is determined from a map and comprises alphanumeric data.

Abstract: An audio-acoustic proficiency test method transduces, captures, measures, compares, analyzes, records, and reports on the actual performance of at least one performer's produced orderly sound sequence (pitch and rhythm). It also issues proficiency performance certificates, certified copies of the audio-acoustic performance, performance growth and statistics, or player rewards in game modes, lessons or practice scheduling and training through a transport means selected from the group of the Internet, television, and a computer network. The apparatus comprises a performer or sound generation source, transducer, central processing unit, random access memory, archival storage unit, output printer, user display and user input devices.

Abstract: The invention concerns an armoured laminated bullet-proof and/or splinter-proof glazing, comprising on at least part of its periphery, one or several rigid protuberances (3), each of which belonging substantially to a plane parallel to that of the window or its extension, and having a thickness for its being inserted at least partially, temporarily or permanently, in the window aperture rabbet.

Abstract: A ballistic armor panel for attaching to an object, the panel comprising a carrying board made of a hard material and formed with a plurality of adjoining through-going apertures, each aperture receiving a body made of a hard material and having a longitudinal axis coaxial with an axis of the respective aperture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a turning device for providing a rotational movement in a work machine so as to turn the work machine (8) quickly and smoothly. The turning device comprises a frame (1) in which is arranged at least one control rim (4) turning about the axis of rotation (6). To the control rim is arranged a swiveling axle (5) that projects substantially perpendicularly from the control rim, two pressure-medium-operated actuators (9, 10) at an angle with respect to one another are in turn arranged in the swiveling axle for turning the control rim about the axis of rotation. The actuators are double-acting actuators, whereby independent shuttle valves (28, 29) in the pressure line pairs (24, 25, 26, 27) applied to the actuator are arranged to regulate the pressure medium flow controlling the operation of the actuators.

Abstract: A method for the abatement of one or more pyrophoric gases in a gas stream, which comprises introducing water in to the gas stream and/or mixing the gas stream with preheated air and introducing the gas stream in to a container in which the pyrophoric gases are abated.

Abstract: A hand-holdable electro-kinetic electro-static ionic air refreshener-conditioner for a pet shelter or litter box includes a self-contained ion generator that provides electro-kinetically moved air with ions and safe amounts of ozone. The ion generator includes a high voltage pulse generator whose output pulses are coupled between first and second electrode arrays. Preferably the first array comprises one or more pin-like electrodes and the second array comprises one or more washer-like electrodes. Preferably a ratio between effective area of an electrode in the second array compared to effective area of an electrode in the first array exceeds about 15:1 and preferably is about 20:1. An electric field produced by the high voltage pulses between the arrays produces an electrostatic flow of ionized air containing safe amounts of ozone. Optionally, a sensor detectors odor adjacent the refreshener-conditioner causes the ion generator to be activated when sensed odor exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A filter unit comprising a filter part made of an adsorbent-bearing filtration material and characterized in that said filter part is integrally molded with a filter holding frame made of a thermoplastic resin and that said adsorbent of said filter part is packed to the position contacting the filter holding frame.