Abstract: A testable sump apparatus comprises a body wall including a first wall with a first wall portion and a second wall with a second wall portion. The first wall portion is spaced from the second wall portion to at least partially define a body wall interstitial space therebetween. The testable sump apparatus can optionally include at least one spacer located in the body wall interstitial space between the first wall portion and the second wall portion. The sump apparatus can also include an optional test port and an optional fitting mounted to the body wall adjacent the through hole. The fitting, if provided, can at least partially define a fitting interstitial space, wherein the fitting interstitial space may be in fluid communication with the body wall interstitial space.

Abstract: A test device (10) for filter systems, including a pneumatic unit (12), a control unit (14) for controlling the pneumatic unit (12), and a data processing unit (16), in which the pneumatic unit (12) is separated from the data processing unit (16) and the control unit (14) by a separating device (18) which substantially shields the pneumatic unit (12) against heat generated in the data processing unit (16) and the control unit (14).

Abstract: A laser displacement transducer mounted on an X-Y table below a vacuum chamber with a bottom glass window measures displacement in flexible surfaces of sealed packages to test for leakage. Sealed packages, including multi-chamber packages are positioned precisely in a grid pattern by rapid loading and unloading of the top of the vacuum chamber mounted on top of a console to permit using the device with an assembly line. Leaking cavities and packages are instantaneously identified by comparison of the measured displacement with programmed information about displacement and the results displayed on a screen. Leaking packages are discarded and well sealed packages are returned to the assembly line.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a volatility of a fuel sample. A fuel sample is collected in a container and heated for a time period using a heater device. Periodically during the heating, the capacitance of the fuel sample and the temperature of the heater device are determined. After a time period passes, the volatility of the fuel sample is determined using the capacitance decrease and the temperature increase. Specifically, a voltage across the heater device is used, along with the current through the heater device to determine the resistance of the heater device, which gives the temperature of the heater device and the sample. The capacitance and temperature are compared to values derived from experimentation for fuels of varying DI. The first measurement of capacitance with a known sample volume can be used to determine the MTBE or ethanol content in gasoline fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for determining the viscosity (&eegr;) of a fluid (1). The apparatus includes an electrical rotary drive (2) with a stator (3), which has a stator winding (4), and with a rotational body (5) which can rotate in the fluid (1). The rotational body (5) is designed as a rotor (5) of the rotary drive (2) and is magnetically journalled in a contact-free manner with respect to the stator (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a miniature rheometer, a parallel rheometer, and improved force sensor elements which may advantageously be used in combination with the miniature rheometer and the parallel rheometer. The miniature rheometer is adapted to determine rheological characteristics of materials which are provided in the form of small quantity samples. The miniature rheometer comprises an actuating element, a sensing element and a feedback circuit to provide rebalance of the shear force applied by the sample to the sensing element, which insures an exceptional stiffness in determining the shear strain so as to allow measurements of high accuracy. The parallel rheometer of the present invention allows simultaneous measurements of a plurality of samples so as to allow of a plurality of samples within a short time period. The force sensor element according to the present invention allows simultaneous measurement of a shear force and a normal force applied to the sensor element.

Abstract: An integrated microstructure sensor element is proposed for detecting thermodynamic measured variables of a fluid. To that end, a supporting body, particularly a board or a wafer having at least one microstructured heating element in contact with the fluid during operation, is provided, on which or in whose vicinity are arranged first arrangement for at least intermittently acting on the heating element with an electric alternating current of defined frequency or a defined frequency band, as well a second arrangement for detecting the amplitude of the third harmonic wave of the electric voltage applied to the heating element. The proposed microstructure sensor element in the form of a compact, integrated component is suitable in particular for determining or monitoring the thermal conductivity and/or the thermal capacity of a fluid, particularly an oil in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A portable grain moisture measurement device automatically initiates testing at a predetermined grain compression and is calibrated to commercial moisture testers found in various commercial grain elevators so the user can select the commercial tester he wants to match moisture measurements with. The portable meter user can thus set the tester to match the commercial tester which will be testing his grain and can also perform calibration offset adjustments to further conform measurements between his meter and the particular commercial tester actually used, relative to the default moisture curves for each commercial tester, and each type of grain.

Abstract: An atomic force microscope may include a plurality of cantilevers, each cantilever comprising a tip, wherein for at least one tip, a z-control independently positions the at least one tip along a z-axis with respect to a surface.

Abstract: A method and system for tensioning a belt, the system including a tensioning measuring head, a controller, and an air impact gun. The tension measuring head includes a vibration sensor and a belt striker. The controller activates the belt striker and receives signals from the vibration sensor indicative of the vibrations set up in the belt being tensioned. The measured vibrations are indicative of the tension on the belt, and are used by the controller to deactivate the air impact gun when the belt tension is determined to be at a desired level.

Abstract: In a method of controlling vortex breakdown on an aerodynamic surface, a vortex generated by the aerodynamic surface is continually monitored to identify a non-linear region where vortex breakdown occurs. A fluid jet is blown into the non-linear region to displace the vortex breakdown to a target location. A blowing parameter for the fluid jet is continually adjusted to continually direct the fluid jet into the vortex breakdown region and preferably ensure maximum positive feedback. The fluid jet is dynamically displaced toward the sensitive spot to maximize the effectiveness of the jet.

Abstract: A receptacle (10) for use in collecting samples down a well bore (14) is provided, the receptacle comprising a plurality of interconnecting modules (22, 24, 26, 30, 32, 34). A main chamber (22) is capable of holding a sample, and sensors (58, 60, 62, 64) within the chamber detect physical and chemical characteristics of the sample. Valves (50, 52) in a chamber wall seal the chamber (22) after a fluid sample has been collected. A communication means is placed in communication with the chamber (22) so as to provide an externally accessible port which communicates with the inside of the chamber (22) and allows detection and analysis of sample characteristics without removing the sample from the sealed chamber (22). The chamber (22) includes a piston (82) which is adjustable to keep pressure constant in the chamber and a heating element (58) to keep temperature constant. A method for sampling downhole fluids is also provided.

Abstract: A retrofittable valve monitor provides an input to an electrical circuit to indicate a fully closed position of a ball valve. A magnetically permeable object attached to the ball valve lever handle actuates a magnetic reed switch in a proximity sensor when the ball valve is moved to the fully closed position. A bracket which fits between the ball valve body and the ball valve lever handle is held in place by the ball valve locking nut so the proximity sensor is held in proper alignment to be actuated by the magnetically permeable object. The actuated reed switch provides an input to a switched electrical circuit.

Abstract: A retrofittable valve monitor provides an input to an electrical circuit to indicate a fully closed position of a ball valve. A magnetically permeable object attached to the ball valve lever handle actuates a magnetic reed switch in a proximity sensor when the ball valve is moved to the fully closed position. A bracket which fits between the ball valve body and the ball valve lever handle is held in place by the ball valve locking nut so the proximity sensor is held in proper alignment to be actuated by the magnetically permeable object. The actuated reed switch provides an input to a switched electrical circuit.

Abstract: In order to detect a filling process, a signal is emitted into the container and an echo reflected from the container is recorded. At least one parameter, e.g., the amplitude h(t) of the reflected echo at a time t, is determined, and a filling process is detected if the parameter lies outside an expected range.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the presence of deposits or buildup on the inside wall of a fluid-containing pipe comprises a pair of acoustic transmitters outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of transmitting an acoustic signal into the pipe wall, a pair of acoustic receivers outside of the pipe and spaced apart along the length of the pipe and capable of receiving an acoustic signal from the pipe wall, and a power source for causing the transmitters to transmit a signal.

Abstract: A liquid level and weight sensor utilizes a pressure sensor of any type positioned at the base of the liquid or weight. A second pressure sensor is positioned external to the liquid or weight to measure the ambient pressure. Ambient pressure is subtracted from the total pressure indicated by the base positioned pressure sensor to determine the actual pressure exerted by the liquid or weight on the base positioned sensor. The actual pressure is then utilized in the calculation of liquid level or weight.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for mechanical fluid level monitoring device, which are particularly suited for a water jacket of an incubator are disclosed. The present invention provides a mechanical fluid level mechanism for monitoring water jacket levels in an incubator, including a liquid level gauge having a scale, which is mounted on the incubator.

Abstract: The balancing system includes two balancing rings which can be rotated, and secured in desired angular positions, in relation to one another and are provided with an unbalance. Annular grooves in the inner surface of the balancing rings and annular grooves which are situated opposite the aforementioned annular grooves and are located in a cylindrical outer surface of the rotating machine part accommodate an elastic ring which secures the balancing rings in the axial direction. A radial threaded bore which is not continuous in the outward direction and is located in the balancing rings accommodates a locking screw for securing the balancing rings.

Abstract: A vehicle speed sensor mounting structure of a vehicle for supporting a vehicle speed sensor. The structure includes a vehicle body for suspending an engine. The engine output is transmitted through a final reduction gear to wheels via an axle. A vehicle speed sensor is mounted on the final reduction gear for detecting rotational speed of a final gear of the final reduction gear, thereby detecting the vehicle speed. The vehicle speed sensor is disposed higher than the center of the axle and near to the outside of the vehicle (vehicle front part) with respect to the center of the axle. With this configuration, flexibility in the mounting of a vehicle speed sensor can be increased and a separate member for protecting the vehicle speed sensor can be omitted. Thus, the number of parts required in the mounting structure can be reduced.

Abstract: A wheel speed sensor has a detection element having at least one lead for detecting a wheel speed, at least one terminal portion connected to the lead of the detection element, a holder portion having a detection element fitting portion fitting the detection element therein and a terminal portion fitting portion fitting the terminal portion therein, and a resin sealed portion sealing the holder portion in a state the detection element and the terminal portion connected with an electric wire are held in the holder portion. The detection element fitting portion and the terminal portion fitting portion are disposed such that the lead of the detection element is brought into abutment with or proximity to a predetermined location of the terminal portion when the detection element and the terminal portion are fitted in the detection element fitting portion and the terminal portion fitting portion, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to the application of the techniques of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) to ultrasensitive mass detection. A pulsed flux of atoms is adsorbed onto the surface of a 32.8 MHz nanomechanical resonator within an ultrahigh vacuum environment. The mass-induced frequency shifts from these adsorbates are then used to demonstrate a mass sensitivity of ˜1.46×106 Daltons (Da). For resonators operating up to frequencies of 72 MHz, inverse mass responsivities as small as ˜8×10−20 grams/Hz (5×104 Da/Hz) are obtained. Our results offer a new approach to ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry of individual, electrically-neutral macromolecules with clear prospects for single Dalton sensitivity.

Abstract: An apparatus for permanently or semi-permanently fitting to an underground water pipe 15,16 for detecting leaks therein, comprises a hydrophone 26 mounted to acoustically monitor water flowing along the pipe 15,16 and means 29 for analysing a parameter of the output signal of the hydrophone 26 and for generating an alarm signal, in the event that the parameter is above a maximum value or below a minimum value. The apparatus further comprises a radio transmitter for transmitting the alarm signal to a remote receiver, so as to indicate the detection of a leak. The maximum and minimum values are preferably calculated using historical data obtained from the hydrophone 26, so that the values are automatically adjusted to suit location of the apparatus. In use, a plurality of leak detection apparatus can be installed to pipes at various locations around a geographical area of supply.

Abstract: An invention to measure of objects of non-homogeneous ultrasonic impedance in the testing path is provided to detect the present of flaws in any part of the object. The invention utilized a reference signal to compare against the actual signal derived from ultrasonic testing of the object. Reference signals are determined based upon the known or calculated properties of the object's layers or previously obtained signals measured from the object.

Abstract: A method of detecting the presence or absence of a blockage in an enclosed environment is provided. The method includes introducing an acoustic wave into the enclosed environment; receiving at sensor locations the acoustic wave and any reflected acoustic wave caused by the acoustic wave contacting a blockage; and, analyzing the acoustic wave and any reflected acoustic wave to determine the presence or absence of the blockage. The method can also include coherently accumulating into a digitized data array an electrical response indicative of the received acoustic wave and any reflected acoustic wave caused by the blockage. The method can further include computing a correlation between the introduced acoustic wave and the digitized data array. A system is also disclosed for detecting the presence or absence of a blockage in an enclosed environment. The system can include a communications interface for remote analysis and/or control of the system by a user.

Abstract: A method for ultrasonically inspecting a tubular member, the tubular member having an inner surface, an outer surface, and two spaced-apart ends including a first end of the tubular member, the method including transmitting sonic beams to the tubular member with transducers such that sonic beams are reflected from: the first end and the inner and outer surface of the tubular member, completing inspection of the outer surface of the tubular member while continuing to inspect the inner surface of the tubular member, and sensing a distance from the transducers to the first end of the tubular member, continuing to transmit sonic beams for the inspection of the inner surface of the tubular member until the transducers are near its first end; and, in one aspect, detecting an inner surface defect near the first end of the tubular member after the outer surface inspection has ceased.

Abstract: A method for ultrasonically inspecting a tubular member, the tubular member having a first surface, a second surface, the first surface spaced apart from the second surface by a thickness of the tubular member, and two spaced-apart ends including a first end of the tubular member, the method including transmitting sonic beams to the tubular member with transducer apparatus such that sonic beams are reflected from the first surface of the tubular member and from the second surface of the tubular member, the transducer apparatus controlled by control apparatus, while continuing to inspect the first surface of the tubular member for first surface defects, moving the transducer apparatus adjacent sensing apparatus which signals the control apparatus to cease processing of transducer apparatus signals related to inspection of the second surface, and, the transducer apparatus continuing to transmit sonic beams for the inspection of the first surface of the tubular member, and completing inspection of substantially

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system and a method for testing a physical attribute of a manufactured object. The system comprises at least one laser generator and a pulse generator that generate a plurality of Dirac-like pulses. The pulses are directed at an object, causing a sonic signal to be initiated. The sonic signal is indicative of the physical attribute of the manufactured object and it is detected by a detector and the signal. The system may also comprise a controller for controlling the width of the Dirac-like pulses and a time separation between pulses. The system may also comprise of a display for representing the detected signal or the physical attribute. The invention is also directed to a laser ultrasound testing device that generates a plurality of Dirac-like laser pulses, directs the pulses at a manufactured object, and measures a resulting ultrasound signal indicative of a physical attribute of the object.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting drive train vibration. The system includes a programmable controller programmed to generate an output signal based on information from a wheel sensor located to sense the rotational behavior of an individual wheel. The controller is programmed to conduct a period test and a pattern test. A vibration of the drive train is detected in the event that both the period test and the pattern test are satisfied.

Abstract: A capacitance pressure sensor includes a pressure diaphragm, an acceleration diaphragm, and a support member. The pressure diaphragm and acceleration diaphragm each include electrodes on surfaces that face each other, thereby forming a pressure sensitive capacitor. The pressure sensitive capacitor is coupled to the support member, which is in turn directly coupled to a base plate. The structure of the pressure sensor is simplified structure in that it includes no additional stress isolation components.

Abstract: A microstrain sensor is provided for measuring deformation, and indirectly, other parameters such as acceleration, temperature, pressure, and force. Rather than providing several discreet resistance paths, the microstrain sensor utilizes input and output conductors connected to a single piece of film through which current travels to indicate resistance. The film provides superior resistance to external effects, such as temperature gradients, that decrease the accuracy of the sensor's readings. Such sensors may be easily adapted for use in situations in which opposing stresses are present, such as dually constrained members, by disposing separate or unitary film sections on opposite sides of a zero stress point, such as a central plane of a fixed-guided beam. Such sensors may be utilized in many different applications, including automotive safety systems.

Abstract: A thin flat disk-like capacitive load sensor of layered sandwich construction having a central opening and a circular outer periphery for installation above a packing follower or beneath the packing follower or packing gland. The load sensor has a thin first and second insulating outer layer between which an inner layer is secured. The inner layer is formed of dielectric material having a known dielectric constant, a first face having at least one thin electrically conductive circular ring surrounding the central opening in coaxial radially spaced relation, and a second face having a thin electrically conductive circular ring surrounding said central opening in coaxial radially spaced relation. The inner and outer layers contain electrical conductors engaged with respective electrically conductive circular rings on the opposed faces that are adapted to be connected with an electrical measurement apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring clamp loads used to clamp production pallets in position in a transfer machining line is disclosed. The steps include substituting a test pallet for a production pallet during a production cycle. The test pallet includes at least one load cell located at a respective clamp portion. The next step is to detect when the test pallet is at the machining station and ready to be clamped. The test pallet is then clamped at its clamp portion having the load cell. Clamp load data is collected and stored in a data collector located on-board the test pallet. This data may be downloaded at the end of the cycle in a readable format.

Abstract: A mass flow measuring apparatus (1) is described, having tube (2), which at a first position (P1) is coupled as regards oscillation to a first energy converter (4) and at a second position (P2) is coupled as regards oscillation to a second energy converter (5), and having an evaluating device, the first and the second position (P1, P2) being spaced (L) from one another , the energy converters (4, 5) each being operable as oscillation generator and oscillation detector and the energy converters (4, 5) working alternately as oscillation generators. A method can therefore be carried out in which the tube (2) is caused to oscillate alternately at the first position (P1) and at the second position (P2), signals being measured at the second and the first position (P2, P2).

Abstract: In a method for diagnosis of an exhaust turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, at least one value which characterizes the load on the exhaust turbocharger is determined and compared with a reference value, an event signal being generated in the event of the reference value being exceeded. A wear characteristic number which characterizes the alternating load on the exhaust turbocharger is formed by addition of load signals, in each case one change signal being generated whenever the charger speed of the exhaust turbocharger exceeds a maximum.

Abstract: A wind deceleration and protective shroud that provides representative samples of ambient aerosols to an environmental continuous air monitor (ECAM) has a cylindrical enclosure mounted to an input on the continuous air monitor, the cylindrical enclosure having shrouded nozzles located radially about its periphery. Ambient air flows, often along with rainwater flows into the nozzles in a sampling flow generated by a pump in the continuous air monitor. The sampling flow of air creates a cyclonic flow in the enclosure that flows up through the cylindrical enclosure until the flow of air reaches the top of the cylindrical enclosure and then is directed downward to the continuous air monitor. A sloped platform located inside the cylindrical enclosure supports the nozzles and causes any moisture entering through the nozzle to drain out through the nozzles.

Abstract: A particulate sampler is provided for use in analyzing particulate matter in exhaust gas. The sampler includes a transfer tube assembly including a probe at least partially defining a sample exhaust gas passageway. The transfer tube assembly has a first end portion with an opening for receiving exhaust gas and extends to a second end portion. A mixer receives the second end portion and includes a dilution gas passageway for carrying a dilution gas. The dilution gas passageway is in communication with the sample exhaust gas passageway for introducing the dilution gas to the exhaust gas. A tunnel is connected to the mixer and includes a gas mixing passageway extending a length for homogeneously mixing the gases together. The gas mixing passageway tapers toward the second end portion to ensure that the particulate matter mixes with the gases along the length of the gas mixing passageway without collecting in a recirculating flow area.

Abstract: A lid for a sample holder that includes a load port, a first flow channel, and a second flow channel. The first flow channel includes a first end connected to the load port and a second end that opens into a first reservoir of the sample holder. The second flow channel also includes a first end connected to the load port and a second end that opens into a second reservoir of the sample holder.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring volumetric changes in cement as the cement is exposed to pressures and temperatures to simulate down-hole conditions, in a high-pressure high-temperature chamber is described. The apparatus is described as a mold having a first section adjacent a base and a second section movably attached to the first section and adjacent the base in which cement may be placed. The apparatus includes a sensor to measure the movement of the first and second sections relative to one another in response to volumetric changes in the cement. Also described is a method of measuring the volumetric changes in cement as the cement is exposed to simulated down-hole pressures and temperatures in a high-pressure, high-temperature chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for determining at least one of a plurality of particle physical characteristics. The particle physical characteristics include particle size, shape, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic label density, charge separation, dielectric constant, and derivatives thereof. The method includes generating a region of space having a substantially constant force field, determining the velocity of at least one particle within the region by identifying and locating the particle and its coordinates in at least two temporally defined digital images, and determining the particle physical characteristics from the determined velocity and a predetermined force field magnitude and direction.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an inspection apparatus which enables the speed-up and high efficiency of an inspection as well as the flexibility to the modification of an assembly line. The present invention provides an inspection apparatus, which is directly connected to an assembly line and employed for inspections of a work (magnetic tape cartridge) after assembly, including: an arrival platform to which the work after assembly is carried in; an inspection table on which the work is inspected; a departure platform from which the work after inspection is carried out; a robot for moving the work which has completed inspections on the inspection table to the departure platform as well as moving the work carried in to the arrival platform to the inspection table; and a fixture for fixing the work moved to the inspection table while inspecting the work, wherein a plurality of inspections are performed in parallel while the work is fixed on the inspection table.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a plurality of samples comprises a carousel, means for indexing the movement of the carousel, an environmental chamber, and means for positioning the sample for viewing and measuring the results of the testing. The environmental chamber makes possible testing at elevated or reduced temperatures, and testing in a variety of atmospheres. The sample positioning means and the viewing means are automated.

Abstract: A sensor mounting assembly includes a housing having a sensor bore formed therein. An annular groove is formed in a surface of the sensor bore. A retainer is mountable in the sensor bore. The retainer has a C-shaped body and an end of the body has a lip projecting radially outwardly therefrom. A plurality of spaced apart fingers extend axially away from the C-shaped body and away from the lip. Each finger has a plurality of retainer teeth formed thereon. The lip is received by the groove as the retainer is moved axially into the sensor bore. The sensor has a cylindrical sensor body on which are formed teeth for interlocking with the finger teeth. The sensor body is inserted into the retainer when the retainer is mounted in the sensor bore, and the sensor body engages the retainer body to hold the lip within the groove, and the sensor teeth interlock with the retainer teeth to releasable hold the sensor in a mounted position within the retainer and within the sensor bore.

Abstract: A change speed apparatus for a working vehicle that engages in an operation while moving forward and backward, includes a first shaft (14) for receiving driving torque from an engine, a second shaft (18) for transmitting the driving torque to a rear wheel differential, a change speed mechanism (9) for changing speed of the driving torque received from the first shaft and transmits the driving torque to the second shaft, and a shift lever (33) for selectively switching the change speed mechanism.

Abstract: An input pinion shaft for a differential assembly. The input pinion shaft includes a discretely formed stem and a discretely formed gear. The stem includes an engagement surface. The gear includes a plurality of gear teeth and a mounting aperture that is sized to receive the stem such that the engagement surface and the contact surface are engaged to one another so as to facilitate transmission of rotary power therebetween. A coupling element, such as a weld, a key or a threaded fastener may also be employed to fix the stem and the gear to one another. A method for forming an input pinion shaft is also provided.

Abstract: The least volume of folding handle bar for bicycle comprises a handle bar including a first handle bar and a second handle bar wherein the connections of the first and second handle bar locating handle holders, each of it having a hollow body, and each handle holder where side of they installing two connecting members in parallel horizon, locating a gap between they and connecting members of one of handle holder locating a hole of each of they, which including a pin put into said holes of connecting members; a stem coupling to the first and second handle bars; and a control screw device which one side of it coupling to the pin through the gap of the connecting members and fastening or releasing the handle bars by the other side of it touching the connecting members of the handle bar.

Abstract: A cam lobe piece of a built-up type camshaft for an internal combustion engine. The built-up type camshaft includes a hollow shaft fixedly inserted in a shaft opening of the cam lobe piece upon diametrical expansion of the hollow shaft. The cam lobe piece comprises a base circle section having the shaft opening, and a cam lobe section formed integral with the base circle section.

Abstract: A retractable structure of a bicycle pedal is disclosed. The retractable structure is characterized in that a bottom end of the crank arm body is a hollow cavity space holding a combinative positioning frame plate, corresponding to the frame plate, a sliding slot is provided and the inner edge of the external end of the frame plate is protruded with a positioning protruded edge for the positioning of a covered rotating seat, an insertion side of the frame plate is provided with an insertion slot for the easy positioning of an elastic body, the two sides of the rotating seat corresponding to the sliding slot is provided with a protruded peg directly insertion into the sliding slot and stopped by the shape of the slot, and achieve the corresponding rotating operation, a screw hole seat being provided at one side of the rotating seat and is screwed to the screw rod at one end of the pedal, thereby the rotatably controlling of the rotating seat, the pedal is simultaneously controlled.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing compacts having a sintered density of above 7.3 g/cm3. This method comprises the steps of subjecting an annealed, water-atomised, essentially carbon free stainless steel powder, which in addition to iron, comprises at least 10% by weight of chromium, not more than 0.4%, preferably not more than 0.3% by weight of oxygen, not more than 0.05%, preferably not more than 0.02% and most preferably not more than 0.015% of carbon, not more than 0.5% by weight of Si and not more than 0.5% of impurities, to HVC compaction with an uniaxial pressure movement with a ram speed of at least 2 m/s, and sintering the green body.

Abstract: These connecting rods are made from prealloyed manganese, sulfur, ferrous based powder. The prealloyed powder then is mixed with copper and carbon. The copper content is at higher than normal copper contents. The resulting forged connecting rods had an improvement in tensile strength and an improvement in fatigue strength.