Abstract: A preformed heat shrinking protective cover for a saw blade includes first and second portions each having opposite inner and outer surfaces. The second portion extends from the first portion at an angle relative to the first portion. The first and second portions are configured and adapted for a saw blade to be positioned in contact with the inner surface of the first portion. The first and second portions are made from a heat shrinking material so that when heat is applied to the cover, the second portion shrinks and folds over the first portion with the inner surfaces facing each other and teeth on a saw blade can be retained between the first and second portions. The resulting cover is close fitting and reduces the overall thickness of a saw blade with a protective cover.

Abstract: A method for determining a geometric parameter of an axial cross section of internal or external screw thread, comprising, with at least one probe, mechanically probing in radial direction two screw thread profiles of the screw thread to be measured, at two probing positions which are located diametrically opposite each other and which are both situated in a plane through a centerline of the screw thread, measuring a distance in said plane through the centerline of the screw thread in radial direction with respect to the screw thread between the probes in probing position, while the at least one probe is a wedge probe, the method further comprising the setting of a probing width of the at least one wedge probe, determining the geometric parameter on the basis of the measured distance between the probes in probing positions and a pitch of the screw thread.

Abstract: A system for imaging eyeglasses having lenses, and obtaining data indicative of the outline of the eyeglasses and designated locations associated with the outline. The system includes a positioning device for placing the eyeglasses. The system further includes a short focal length imaging device for acquiring an image of the eyeglasses. The system further includes a processor and a display configured to calculate an editable outline for each eyepiece of the eyeglasses and display the outline and the image, such that the editable outline can be compared to a respective eyepiece of the image. The processor is further configured to calculate supplemental locations linked to the outline for manufacturing holes and/or slots that anchor clip-on parts that include bridge and legs, and for providing data indicative of the specified outline and supplemental locations.

Abstract: A programmable sighting system for a hunting bow or professional archery bow. The system comprises a housing assembly for mounting the sighting system on the bow. A transparent window is positioned in the housing for viewing therethrough by a user to a target, and for projecting display data thereon. A programmable subsystem is contained within the housing assembly for causing display of the display data at selected locations on the window in response to control by the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for leveling at least one output light beam in a construction tool. One embodiment of the apparatus includes a laser optical assembly for producing output light beams that define plumb, level, and right angle beams for use in construction applications. The optical assembly is mounted on an optical platform which permits tilting about “slip-stick” joints that define two perpendicular axes of rotation. Such joints allow the optical platform to change its angle of tilt in response to an applied torque and to maintain the changed angle of tilt until further torque is applied. Also, the “slip-stick” mechanism prevents substantial movement or oscillation of the optical platform in the absence of the applied torque. The embodiment further includes a sensor element for determining whether the output beams are level.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a laser-plumbing leveler with adjustable height of the horizontal line, which comprises a laser emitting device, a laser line (plane) projecting optical system, and a laser line (plane) rotating and/or moving unit, wherein the laser line (plane) projecting optical system comprises a horizontal laser unit, a vertical laser unit and/or inclined laser unit and so forth. The laser-plumbing leveler according to the invention can be used in building decoration or the like for positioning at different height in horizontal, vertical and inclined directions, and has the advantages of easy use, reliable leveling, simple construction and low price.

Abstract: An adjustable viewing frame (27) for use by artists to help compose a view comprises two frame members (10,11) each having two frame links (21,22,23,24) at right angles to one another. The frame links (21,22,23,24) have a rib (30) along one edge over which two C-shape clips (20) engage to hold the two frame members (10,11) together where they overlap. The force exerted by the clips (30) is sufficient to hold the two frame members (10,11) together against disturbances so that the frame (27) thus formed can be held in one hand for viewing purposes, but allows adjustments to be made easily by hand to change the size and/or relative proportions of the frame (27). A scale (40) marked on the frame member (10) allows specific relative proportions to be achieved with certainty and precision.

Abstract: A method for measuring the height variability of a stack of materials comprises placing a stack of materials onto a holder that comprises a base and at least two sides extending from the base such that the stack of materials rests on the base and is generally flush with the sides. A distance of a top of the stack of materials relative to a fixed plane is measured at various locations along the top of the stack of materials. The height variability of the stack is determined based on the measurements.

Abstract: Trigger probe, constructed on the principle of the Boys connection, serving to detect the contact between the probe's stylus and a piece to be measured, comprising an electric circuit with at least one switch, whose contact elements are positioned by means of several connecting elements of the circuit.

Abstract: A structure, a fabrication method and an application of an overlay mark. The overlay mark structure has an outer mark and an inner mark. The outer mark encloses a cross area that has two central axes. The inner mark has four strip patterns arranged in two central axes and extend outwardly towards four directions from the central part of the closed cross area.

Abstract: A siding hook and a gauge for positioning a length of siding at a predetermined degree of overlap over an installed length of siding is disclosed. The gauge comprises an elongate slide bar and a stop block slidably mounted on the slide bar. The stop block is clamped to the slide bar by screws which thread into holes formed in the stop block. The heads of the screws are entrapped within the stepped slot of the slide bar. Both the slide bar and the stop block have flat surfaces devoid of projections which could mar siding, and rounded or beveled edges and corners. The siding hook is S-shaped, formed from thin sheet metal or plastic, and configured to overhang the installed siding while supporting a length of siding being installed over installed siding. A measuring device and level are incorporated into the design of the gauge.

Abstract: In an apparatus for a treatment of a wafer at elevated temperatures, the wafer is taken out of the reactor after heat treatment with the help of a mechanical transport apparatus which preferably grips the wafer around the circumference and on the under side. The transport apparatus includes a wafer surrounding ring. The wafer is placed in a floating wafer reactor where it is cooled in a controlled manner. Transport for further action or treatment then takes place.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for improving the cleaning efficiency of a high density plasma system by introducing thermally hot gases to heat downstream chamber walls to improve the fluorine attack on deposit coatings. In certain embodiments of the invention, the cleaning gas and thermally hot gas are allowed into the region of the high vacuum pump to provide cleaning of the high vacuum pump.

Abstract: Device and process for dewatering a fibrous material web by expelling water via gas pressure. The dewatering device includes at least four rolls arranged to radially limit at least one pressure chamber and sealing units arranged to axially limit the at least one pressure chamber. Adjustment devices are arranged to at least partially individually axially adjust positions of the at least four rolls and the sealing units. A pressure gas is introducible into and the fibrous material web is guidable through the at least one pressure chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for preventing a wafer mapping system of an SMIF system from being polluted by a corrosive gas remaining on wafers according to the present invention are disclosed. The wafer mapping system includes a plurality of mirrors and sensors used to detect the positions of the wafers. The apparatus of the prevent invention comprises a pipe having a plurality of holes thereon and a purge gas flowing inside the pipe, and is characterized in that the purge gas is emitted out from the plurality of holes toward the mirrors of the wafer mapping system, thereby preventing the mirrors from being polluted by the corrosive gas remaining on the wafers. The method of the prevent invention is characterized by emitting a purge gas from a pipe toward the mirrors of the wafer mapping system, thereby preventing the mirrors from being polluted by the corrosive gas remaining on the wafers.

Abstract: A processor for rinsing and drying of semiconductor substrates includes a process vessel contained within an outer containment vessel. A diluted organic vapor creates a Marangoni effect flow along the surface of processing liquid contained within the process vessel. The process vessel includes porous walls that allow residual chemicals, organic species, and other unwanted materials to flow from the process vessel to the outer containment vessel. The porous walls allow for the maintenance of a stable surface tension gradient to sustain a consistent Marangoni force for even drying. Replacement processing fluid is preferably introduced to the process vessel to prevent the build up of organic species in the surface layer of the processing fluid.

Abstract: An automatic clothes dryer has a drying cycle followed by a cool down cycle where the cool down cycle is terminated when the sensed output temperature of the dryer drum falls below a default temperature value preselected or altered by user. This permits the user to adjust the termination cool down cycle temperature to the user's preference and touch sensitivity to the warmth of clothing removed from the dryer. The user adjusts the setting of a user variable selection device on the dryer control panel to a preferred temperature signal representing the desired temperature of articles in the dryer when the cool down cycle is terminated. The dryer has a comparator that is connected to the outlet thermistor for receiving the sensed signal representing the temperature of the air leaving the drum and that is connected to the user variable selection device for receiving the user preferred temperature signal.

Abstract: A wafer dryer for use in a semiconductor cleaning apparatus includes an internal bath, an external bath, a solution supply line, a solution drain line, a pump, and drying means. The solution drain line has a first drain line and a second drain line. A pump for constantly maintaining a speed of a drained solution is installed on the first drain line. The drying means has an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) nozzle, a first gas spray nozzle for spraying N2 gas, and a second spray nozzle. The second spray nozzle is installed on all inner sidewalls of the external bath and has a plurality of holes. Thus, no wave is produced at a surface of the drained solution.

Abstract: A cushioning member for an article of footwear is provided having a series of interconnected chambers filled with ambient or slightly pressurized air. Impedance means is provided between selected chambers, in order to restrict the flow of air between the chambers. The shape and structure of the impedance means determines the nature of the air flow between chambers, such that the cushioning member can be tailored for various types of activities and body weights, by offering varying degrees of cushioning.

Abstract: A footwear cushioning system including an insole and a midsole that define a chamber containing multiple, hollow, inverted, truncated cones. The insole includes a plate having a downwardly extending rib to define a recess. The midsole includes a midsole plate including an upwardly extending wall and multiple upwardly opening hollow, inverted frusto-conical cushion cells. The wall interfits within the rib, and the cushion cells abut against the insole plate. An outsole shell is direct-attached to the cushioning system with polyurethane. Preferably, the polyurethane pre-compresses the cushion cells and adds cushioning and energy return characteristics. To assemble the cushion system, an upper is stapled to the insole rib. The midsole is interfitted within the rib. The insole and midsole are heated to fuse the cushion cells to the insole. Polyurethane is poured into the outsole shell and the shell is direct attached to the upper/cushioning system.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a shock absorbing device for a shoe sole comprising a lower layer 2 having an upper face 21 and an upper layer 3 having a lower face 30. The two layers 2, 3 are both made of an elastomer. The faces 21, 30 are each formed to have substantially a corrugated section. The corrugated faces 21, 30 each have a plurality of top portions 22, 32, bottom portions 23, 33, and inclined portions 24, 34 joining the top portions 22, 32 and bottom portions 23, 33, with the corrugated faces 21, 30 each being formed from essentially a smooth surface. The corrugated faces 21, 30 mate with each other. The two mating faces 21, 30 are spaced apart from each other at the top portions 22, 32 and/or at the bottom portions 23, 33, with gaps 4 being formed at the spaced-apart portions.

Abstract: A snowshoe comprising a deck having an upper surface and a bottom surface, the deck being longer than it is wide, and defining a longitudinal travel direction along its length; a boot binding mounted to the deck to hold a boot such that the boot can pivot in its toe area about a pivot axis that is above the deck and transverse to the longitudinal travel direction, to allow the heel to come off the upper surface of the deck while maintaining the toe above or on the deck upper surface; and one or more rails projecting from the bottom surface of the deck and extending along the travel direction, to stabilize the showshoe.

Abstract: A snowshoe having a floatation structure and a binding configured to secure a wearer's foot to the snowshoe. The floatation structure is adapted to distribute the weight of the wearer over an area larger than the wearer's foot. The snowshoe may include a pivot adjuster secured to the snowshoe and configured to enable selective adjustment of pivotal movement occurring between the binding and the floatation structure. The pivot adjuster typically is configured to enable operation by the wearer while wearing the snowshoe. Additionally, or alternatively, the snowshoe may include a pivot limiter configured to enable selective adjustment of a permitted range of pivoting between the binding and floatation structure. In addition to or instead of these features, the snowshoe may include an extension configured for selective attachment to the floatation structure so as to permit selective variation of the area over which weight is distributed by the snowshoe.

Abstract: An insole includes a layer of thermal-color agent coated on a top surface thereof and the color of the layer is subjected to change when the temperature of the foot is applied thereto. By this way, the real size of the foot can be obtained for a period of time.

Abstract: A shoe includes a vamp, a magnet unit, and a magnetically attractable decorative piece. The magnet unit is mounted on the vamp to provide a magnetic attraction force through the vamp. The magnetically attractable decorative piece has an inner surface attached to an outer surface of the vamp by the magnetic attraction force.

Abstract: This invention relates to using the expansion force of an air spring, coupled between a snowplow vehicle and the attached snowplow, so that contact between ground engaging components of the snowplow and the road can be controlled, either automatically or manually. The air spring is held in alignment as it expands longitudinally, by an apparatus using guides and struts. Longitudinal alignment is important, as bending of the air spring causes loss of force. Attachment points of the apparatus are drawn together, as the air spring expands. The longitudinal expansion force of the air spring can be transmitted directly to a chain or cable.

Abstract: A rotatable connector pin assembly is disposed within an opening in an adapter nose, with opposite ends of the pin portion of the assembly extending outwardly beyond opposite sides of the adapter nose in axially fixed orientations relative thereto, and is used to captively and releasably retain a replaceable excavating tooth point on the nose. The configuration of the opposite pin ends permits the overall pin assembly to remain in the adapter nose during removal of the point and replacement thereof, with the pin being rotatable between a first orientation in which its ends permit removal of a point from the nose, or installation of a point on the nose, and a second orientation in which the opposite pin ends block removal of the point from the adapter nose.

Abstract: A marking assembly for the marking of particular traffic situations and objects comprises a front row of viewing openings, which are separated from one another by view obstacles (5), at least one back row of view obstacles (6), which are provided at a distance from one another, the view obstacles (5) of the front row contrasting with respect to the view obstacles (6) of the back row. Distances between the viewing openings in the front row and distances between the view obstacles (6) of the back row are so small that a plurality of viewing openings in the front row and a plurality of view obstacles (6) of the back row lie within the field of view of the traffic participant. The field of view of the traffic participant at the same time offers a view, via the plurality of viewing openings in the front row, of an interference pattern of contrasting view obstacles (6), which are covered to a greater or lesser extent by the view obstacles (5) of the front row, of at least one of the back rows.

Abstract: Applicant's unique method provides for the use of a single piece of transfer tape for multiple transfers, with the transfer tape being forgiving, clear, having a high shelf life, and being non-self destructive. Such a method has been heretofore unavailable.

Abstract: A one-piece, injection-molded identification badge holder is disclosed. The product provides an economical alternative to typical badge holders by eliminating the need for component assembly or multiple molding steps during manufacturing. No labor involvement other than visual inspection and replenishment of stock material is required. The product has at least one detachable, interchangeable fastener that may be connected to a base plate to allow a user to display the holder in a vertical or horizontal position as desired. The holder may be worn around the neck or may be attached to any garment through alteration of the component parts.

Abstract: The present invention is a modular stock system for rifles. The system replaces the rifle's buffer tube with a modified one containing a mount for a constant cheek weld and a rail track for adjustment. A hind portion then mounts on the replacement buffer tube. The hind portion is interchangeable depending on the user's needs. Various configurations of the hind portion are discussed, including adjustable stocks, fixed stocks, and specialized stocks.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for mounting an accessory to a weapon frame having at least one slot formed in first and second sides thereof. The mounting assembly includes: a body; first and second jaws on opposing sides of the body, the first jaw having an engagement portion dimensioned to engage the first slot and the second jaw having an engagement portion dimensioned to engage the second slot; and a first biasing member configured to provide a biasing force against the first jaw to force the engagement portion of the first jaw into the first slot, and a second biasing member configured to provide a biasing force against the second jaw to force the engagement portion of the second jaw into the second slot. The mounting assembly may be easily and reliably attached to weapon without using tools.

Abstract: A repellent laser beam device for preventing pests, such as birds, from feeding on fruits in a field. The device is mounted on a tripod and housed in a weather-protected box. It is mounted so as to be adjustable in height and angle of the device. A control unit causes a laser beam to sweep a field in vertical and horizontal patterns, frightening birds and other pests away. The laser beam is of a wavelength seen by birds or other animals and merely frightens them away rather than blinding them. The patterns and speed of the scanning device is variable. The device is powered by a rechargeable gel pack battery. The range of wavelengths of the laser light beam is preferably from about 432 nanometers to about 633 nanometers. It is known that birds' eyes are sensitive to both ultraviolet light and human-visible light.

Abstract: A repellent laser beam device for preventing pests, such as birds, from feeding on fruits in a field. The device is mounted on a tripod and housed in a weather-protected box. It is mounted so as to be adjustable in height and angle. A control unit causes a laser beam to sweep a field in vertical and horizontal patterns, frightening birds and other pests away. The laser beam is of a wavelength seen by birds or other animals and merely frightens them away rather than blinding them. The patterns and speed of the scanning device are variable. The device is powered by a rechargeable battery and includes a solar panel system for recharging the batteries. The system is operable by photocell controlled switches, eliminating the need for human, manual on-off switching.

Abstract: A wind activated decoy has a silhouette body with a wing support therethrough. Opposite first and second wings are secured to respective wing spars, with one spar being removably installable through the support. The second wing attaches removably to the first spar after installation through the support. Each wing comprises a thin, rigid sheet with a sinusoidal cross section to catch the wind and cause the panels to rotate. The chords of the two panels have an angular displacement of forty five degrees, to avoid any singularity and provide continuously unequal aerodynamic forces upon the panels to produce continuous rotation in a breeze. The panels are marked differently on opposite surfaces and when rotated, simulate the flashing of a bird's wings when the bird is alighting. A support column extends from the body and is removably installable in a tubular support, allowing the decoy to pivot freely into the wind.

Abstract: A decoy having an outer skin and a compressed self-sealing flexible closed cell foam core.

Abstract: A spinnerbait lure includes a chain, flexible tubing thereover, a blade coupled to one end of the chain, and a skirted lead head hook located at or adjacent the other end of the chain. An eyelet is-coupled to a central portion of the chain and extends through a hole in the tubing for attachment of fishing line. When relaxed, the spinnerbait lure assumes a substantially elongate configuration. When pulled through the water, the lure assumes a V-shaped configuration caused by the water pressure against the ends of the lure on either side of the eyelet. Then, when slack is provided to the fishing line, the lure assumes again an elongate configuration, and “helicopters” through the water, with the blade rotating to affect the lure's descent, creating a movement attractive to fish. As soon as the fishing line is pulled taught, the lure again assumes the V-shaped configuration.

Abstract: An insect collection device (10) comprises an elongated housing (20) extending in a downstream direction between first (22) and second (24) ends about a housing interior. A partition (36) separates the interior (26) into an upstream region proximate the first end (22) and a downstream region proximate the second end (24). The partition (36) is constructed to permit airflow between these regions, while impeding passage of insects therebetween. A movable closure (50) is disposed on a first end portion (33) of the housing to move between a closed position and an open position to create an entryway into the upstream region. A compression chamber (70) is disposed on a second end portion of the housing (20) and moves between compressed and uncompressed positions to urge the closure into the second/open position such that insects in a vicinity of the first end (22) are drawn into the upstream region for collection. A methodology for capturing insects is also provided.

Abstract: A gel candle assembly comprising a gel candle made of three different viscosity mineral oils and a polymer to produce a self-supporting structure. The gel candle is transparent and manufactured into an elongated polyhedron or cylinder. It is placed onto a plastic base with perpendicularly aligned side walls, a holographic liner inside the base, and a transparent cover which covers the gel candle and selectively attaches to the plastic base. When in use, the light from the candle flame is refracted through the candle and reflected from the holographic liner. The light reflected from the holographic liner produces a plurality of spectrums visible through the gel candle. An optional protective plastic spacer is included that is intended to rest on the top surface of the candle when the candle is not in use. Optional color, fragrance, and glitter may be added to the candle gel.

Abstract: Dyes and pigments present in candle wax compositions are particularly well stabilized against color fade or color change by a combination of a UV absorber and a metal compound, particularly a tin compound. The further addition of a hindered amine or antioxidant is highly beneficial.

Abstract: Liquid energy sources, e.g., liquid fuels comprising lipid vesicles having fuel additives such as water are disclosed herein. The liquid energy sources, methods for preparation, and methods of enhancing engine performance disclosed herein employing the lipid vesicles result in enhanced fuel efficiency and/or lowered engine emissions. The invention further relates to liquid energy sources containing such additives which further comprise a polymeric dispersion assistant, which reduces the interfacial tension and coalescence of vesicles during dispersion process and storage, and thereby provide transparent looks to the liquid energy source.

Abstract: A new trellis support structure and a method for its production for use in supporting vine borne crops. The support structure includes a metallic support member that is bent into a modified U-shape and attached to a metallic cross arm using a process that produces consistent results. The combination of the U-shaped member and cross arm is then attached to a vertical support post at two different locations: one attachment at the center of the U-shaped member, and the other attachment at the center of the cross arm in an axial alignment with the support post. The structure is extremely strong, capable of supporting considerable weight, not likely to shift, and less prone to failure from fatigue. The support structure is produced by first bending the central section of a metallic support member into a U-shape, placing the bent member on a specially designed adjustable jig, and attaching a cross arm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved coating for manufactured seeds wherein the coating is able to resist cracking at temperatures below about 1° C. The coating usable with the present invention is comprised of a wax impregnated cellulose substrate wherein the wax composition is comprised substantially of paraffin hydrocarbon cellulose substrata having a Gaussian distribution of carbon chain length ranging from 21 carbons per chain to 40 carbons per chain and a maximum number of paraffin hydrocarbon chains having 31 carbons per chain. One aspect of the present invention is that it provides a wax formulation able to resist cracking at low temperatures and also a wax formulation with a desirable viscosity for commercial manufactured seed coat applications.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the winter-spring quality of turfgrass by application of a composition containing a sand that has been colored with a dark colorant. The color is typically a dark green or black and can be prepared by mixing a latex paint with a white sand. The darkened sand absorbs radiant sunlight and raises the temperature of the turfgrass thus hastening growth and spring greening. The method is especially useful for golf course putting greens and a preferred application is to apply the composition in the fall prior to snow or ice accumulation. Such use on golf course putting greens will cause the turf to break dormancy and grow earlier than normal in the spring thus enhancing the quality and enjoyment of early spring playing.

Abstract: A self-contained hydroponic growing enclosure and method for the fabrication of animal feed grass from seed is described. The enclosure is a self-contained enclosure which is insulated and which can be transported or assembled on site and which is independent of outside climatic conditions. Seed is stored in an isolated portion of the enclosure and fed to germination tanks in predetermined quantities where the seeds are germinated for a predetermined period of time. The tanks are then drained of their iodine-treated water and the germinated seeds are placed in predetermined quantities onto trays which are placed at an inlet end of a racking system. Trays are removed with grown grass at a harvest outlet end of the racking system in the same sequence as they are placed at the inlet end, so that there is a continuous daily supply of feed grass. Light walls are provided on opposed sides of the racking system to illuminate the beds.

Abstract: A flower pot cover disposable about a flower pot. The flower pot includes a preformed base sized to contain the flower pot and has an upper end, a lower end, an outer peripheral surface and a pot opening formed through the upper end thereof providing access to a pot receiving space forming an inner peripheral surface of the base. The flower pot cover formed of at least two sheets of material having a two-dimensional printed pattern thereon, the printed pattern having shaded and highlighted areas to provide the printed pattern with a three dimensional appearance produced by the shaded and highlighted areas of the printed pattern.

Abstract: A floral container, such as a flower pot, having a sleeve bondingly connected to an inner surface of the flower pot, together forming a pot assembly for cultivating, displaying or shipping a botanical item disposed therein.

Abstract: A flower pot cover comprising a base and a skirt. The base has an upper end, a lower end, and an outer peripheral surface having accordion pleating formed in at least a portion thereof. An opening intersects the upper end forming an inner peripheral surface and a retaining space. The skirt extends from the base and is substantially non-contractible and non-expandable.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a cover about an article and for automatically fastening the cover to the article, and optionally for automatically placing a label on the covered article. The article may be an article such as a potted plant and the cover may be a decorative cover. The apparatus includes a platform having at least one opening sized to allow passage therethrough of an article a conveyable cover forming assembly having contacting portions for contacting the sheet of material, and a tying device for automatically applying a band or fastener about a portion of the outer surface of a covered article for fastening a cover about the article.

Abstract: A reformer that includes a housing including a tubular member and an end plate member hermetically joined to the tubular member. The housing defines within it a first fluid flow path and a second fluid flow path in a heat exchanging relationship with each other. A reforming catalyst is disposed within the first fluid flow path. The tubular member has a tubular end, and the end plate member has an abutting rim that contacts with and extends along the tubular end of the tubular member and that is folded together over an entire circumference thereof to define a folded hermetic seam between the tubular member and the end plate member. The reformer can be low-priced and it manufacture is easy and efficient.