Abstract: A paint stripper (1) for scraping away paint includes a stripper blade that has a handle (2). The paint stripper is characterized by a combination of causing the stripper blade (3) to move in a forward direction (A) and a return direction (B) generally parallel with the longitudinal direction of the handle (2). The stripper (1) includes hot air generating elements such in that the hot air is intended to exit in the vicinity of the blade (3) of the stripper, wherewith paint that has been heated by the hot air is scraped away in response to movement of the blade (3).

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus is provided for a preferably planar surface, in particular a window pane, and has a wiping device and a plunger which keeps the wiping device in contact with the surface and also, by way of an open side, bears against the surface and seals it around the edge. A suction device generates a negative pressure in the plunger. The plunger is provided with driving rollers, which are actuated by motor, for moving the plunger together with the wiping device. The suction device has at least two fans which are each provided with their own outlet opening.

Abstract: A handle for a cleaning implement made of a plastics tubular material having a flexible loop shaped end with an oblong shape and an open end extending away from the loop end. The open end is sized and shaped to securely fit over the post end of a cleaning implement such as a broom, mop, brush, squeegee or rake. The shape and dimensions of the opening in the loop end accommodates a user's hand and arm, allowing the user to place his or her hand and forearm through the opening allowing the loop shaped end come to rest on the forearm. The user's hand then grips the post of the cleaning implement providing better leverage and control of the cleaning implement and allowing the user to flawlessly utilize a dust pan or similar object, move furniture, or maneuver the cleaning implement without repositioning the hand.

Abstract: A windscreen wiper has a rubber blade, an beam being mounted on the rubber blade, multiple clips being mounted respectively through the beam, multiple spoilers being mounted on the beam, two end caps being mounted respectively on the spoiler and around the ends of the beam and the rubber blade and a connector assembly being mounted securely on the beam and between two adjacent spoilers. The beam that is held firmly on the rubber blade, and the clips hold the beam stably on the rubber blade. Therefore, the rubber blade is connected firmly to other components of the windscreen wiper, will not deform or deteriorate easily and has improved life span.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a device for connecting a flat wiper blade to various wiper arms are provided. In one embodiment, the connecting device includes: a joint fixed to a frame of a flat wiper blade; a bracket snap-mounted on the joint; and an adaptor mounted to the bracket. The bracket has a pivot shaft extending perpendicular to a length direction of the frame and having a pivot bore therethrough. The adaptor has a pair of side wall portions. Fitting apertures are perforated in the side wall portions. The adaptor is mounted to the bracket in such a manner that both ends of the pivot shaft are fitted to the fitting apertures. The adaptor is configured to be suitable for differently-configured distal ends of the wiper arms. The connecting device connects a single flat wiper blade to various wiper arms.

Abstract: Use of moldings whose length width height dimensions are always in the range from 1 mm to 3 cm, at least one dimension being greater than 5.5 mm, produced by treatment of (a) open-cell foam whose density is in the range from 5 to 500 kg/m3 and whose average pore diameter is in the range from 1 ?m to 1 mm (b) with an aqueous formulation of at least one compound having at least one hemiaminal or aminal group per molecule or at least one copolymer containing at least one copolymerized comonomer which contains OH groups or which contains ?-dicarbonyl groups, or which contains epoxy groups, (c) and a shaping step, as dust binders in vacuum cleaners.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cleaner, which has an improved channel conversion structure. The cleaner includes a first suction channel and a second suction channel, which are selectively opened and closed, and suck external foreign substances, and a first valve and a second valve, which are respectively rotated from the upstream portion of a flow to the downstream portion of the flow and thus close the first channel and the second channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a central vacuum cleaning system for vehicles. The unit comprises a vacuum generating alternating current motor, a built-in direct current to alternating current inverter and a removable dirt cup containing a filter and screen. The unit has a built-in in-take port, which has an auto switch that turns the unit on when the vacuum hose is plugged in and shuts the unit off when the vacuum hose is unplugged. The unit also has a remote in-take and remote auto switch capability so you can plug the vacuum hose into a more convenient location in the interior of the vehicle. The unit can be mounted horizontally or vertically. The unit can be installed in any vehicle consisting of a 12-volt direct current battery. The vehicle does not need to have an alternating current inverter installed separately to operate.

Abstract: A floor cleaning device comprises a base portion for movement along a surface and a handle portion pivotally connected to the base. The base portion further includes a suction nozzle and a brush assembly for agitating the surface, wherein the brush assembly and the nozzle assembly are in a first position raised off of the surface for vacuuming saw the surface, and the nozzle assembly is lowered to a second position contacting the surface for collecting and picking up liquid and dirt from the surface. A method of cleaning a surface by first dry vacuuming the surface using a cleaning unit in which the nozzle assembly is raised to pick up particles and then wet vacuuming the floor with the nozzle assembly lowered to collect and pick up dirt from the floor mixed with cleaning solution distributed on the floor.

Abstract: A wet/dry vacuum that is configured to be powered by a DC power source.

Abstract: A blower/vacuum device (10) having a base (11) supported on wheels (18). The device (10) has a reservoir (bag) (17) that receives material collected by the device (10). Mounted on the base (11) is a motor and impeller assembly (21) that draws air inward and delivers the air (with collected material) to the bag (17). The assembly (21) can also be operated to provide a forward delivery directed air stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a an apparatus for the grooming and removal of animal hair, dust, and dander with emphasis on miniaturization, portability, maximizing power, and minimizing noise by using the Bernoulli Principle venturi effect and active noise cancellation instead of vacuum methods known and practiced in the industry.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vacuum cleaner which can improve the cleaning performance by filtering off impurities from the sucked air twice according to a cyclone method, and allow the user to easily discharge the collected impurities. The vacuum cleaner includes a primary cyclone unit (100), a secondary cyclone unit (120), and a passage partition unit (131) formed between the primary cyclone unit and the secondary cyclone unit. The sucked air is primarily filtered in the primary cyclone unit (110), and secondarily filtered in the secondary cyclone unit (120), thereby improving the cleaning performance. In addition, a dust container (140) is detachably coupled to the primary cyclone unit (110) or the secondary cyclone unit (120). Therefore, the user can easily remove the impurities collected in the dust container (140) by separating the dust container (140) from the primary and secondary cyclone units.

Abstract: A dust tray includes: a collection chamber having a rectangular bottom and surrounding walls extending upward from four sides of the bottom; a tubular handle extending through one of the surrounding walls of the collection chamber with no gap therebetween, the handle being movable in a direction in which the handle extends; and a suction head having an opening elongated in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the handle extends, the suction head being provided at a proximal end of the handle, the proximal end being positioned inside the collection chamber, the opening facing the bottom of the collection chamber and being proximate thereto with a clearance allowing the dust particles to pass therethrough, whereby a path is provided from the opening into the handle, wherein a distal end of the handle is connectable to an external suction source.

Abstract: A vacuum assisted scraper draws air from both in front of and behind the scraper blade to collect dust and debris as the scraper is used. The scraper keeps the work area clean and prevents dust buildup from hindering the use of the scraper.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for providing a castor for a shopping cart. The apparatus includes a first wheel member and a second wheel member arranged in a side-by-side configuration on either side of a central wheel housing, each of the first and second wheel members is arranged to rotate about a common axis. The apparatus also includes an elongate sleeve member extending through the housing and connecting the first and second wheels together whereby the wheels rotate together.

Abstract: A withdrawing mechanism includes a striker disposed on one of a swingable member and a main body, a catcher disposed on the other of the swingable member and the main body, and a damper for applying a damping force to a turning operation of the catcher toward a turned position. The catcher includes a casing, a rotational plate having a hooking groove for catching the striker therein, and a spring attached between an attaching portion of the rotational plate and a fixing portion of the casing to pull and rotate the rotational plate. When the rotation plate catches the striker, the rotational plate rotates in a direction to pull the spring, and when the attaching portion passes a position on a linear line extending the attaching portion, rotational center of the rotational plate and fixing portion, the rotational plate is pulled to move the rotational plate to the turned position.

Abstract: A curtain suspension device is disclosed for suspending a sheet-like material from a fixed support rod, comprising a plurality of rings secured to an upper edge of the sheet-like material. In one embodiment, the ring includes a C-shaped member and a pivotal member having one end pivotably secured to one end of the C-shaped member by means of a resilient member, and the other end adapted to close the C-shaped member in an inoperative position. In another embodiment, the ring has a mating member at one end and a corresponding mating member at the other end, the corresponding mating member being engaged with the mating member to close the ring in an inoperative position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connector device for a retainer device (2) on a cover of an openable vehicle roof on an operating mechanism, in particular, on an operating lever (3) with a bearing pin (4), comprising a mid axis (104), about which the operating lever (3) is mounted to pivot relative to the cover, characterised in that the bearing pin (4) is mounted to rotate relative to the operating lever (3) and has a housing device (10, 13) for the retainer device (2) in a region facing the a vehicle inner side (111), wherein the retainer device (2) is connected with fixing means (22) to the housing device (10, 13) in an axially and rotationally fixed manner relative to the bearing pin (4).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aid designed to control the free-end of a pull cord element such that effectors that cause failure of the pull cord element itself are generally avoided such as by the aid being temporarily affixed to a metallic object up and away from dirt, water and oil.

Abstract: A hinge assembly has two tracks, a main bracket, at least one connecting bracket, at least one sliding hinge and at least one tilting hinge. The main bracket is mounted slidably between the tracks. The connecting bracket is mounted securely on the main bracket. The sliding hinge corresponds to and selectively holds the connecting bracket. The tilting hinge is connecting to the main bracket. With the related movement between the connecting bracket and the sliding hinge, the connecting bracket is selectively held or moved. Therefore, a moving bracket of a frame for an electronic device being attached to the tilting hinge is selectively pushed and held in a body of the frame or received in the body.

Abstract: A hinge assembly includes a first rotating module and a second rotating module. The first rotating module includes a frame and a pivot mechanism positioned on the frame. The second rotating module includes a supporting body, a shaft, a rotating washer, a stationary washer, a resilient ring, and a nut. A first end of the shaft is fixed on the frame, and the supporting body, the rotating washer, the stationary washer, the resilient ring, and the nut are orderly sleeved on a second end, opposite to that of the first end, of the shaft. The nut fixes the supporting body, the rotating washer, the stationary washer, and the resilient rings to the shaft. The rotating washer and the stationary washer forms at least one protrusion and at least depression for receiving the at least one protrusion respectively. The pivotal shaft is configured to drive the stationary washer to rotate.

Abstract: A biaxial hinge device includes: a first-shaft member; a second-shaft member orthogonal to the first-shaft member; a thrust-cam member provided to the second-shaft member so as to move in the extending direction of the second-shaft member; a rotational-arm member provided to the second-shaft member so as to move rotationally; a protrusion provided to the thrust-cam member so as to protrude to the rotational-arm member side; a groove provided to the rotational-arm member, into which the protrusion is fitted; and an fitting/fitting-release control portion provided to the first-shaft member which releases fitting of the protrusion into the groove when the rotational angle of the second-shaft member as to the first-shaft member is a first-rotational angle, and moves the thrust-cam member to the rotational-arm member side to fit the protrusion into the groove when the rotational angle of the second-shaft member as to the first-shaft member is a second-rotational angle.

Abstract: A hood hinge apparatus for a vehicle is provided. The hood hinge apparatus may include a hood arm fixed to a side of a rear end of a hood panel, a hood bracket fixed to one side of a chassis corresponding to the hood arm, and a hinge pin for pivotally connecting the hood arm and the hood bracket. The hood arm includes a coupling member with one end pivotally coupled to the hood bracket by the hinge pin and the other end supported by a lower portion of the hood panel, an arm member with one side rotatably hinged to an upper end of the coupling member and the other side fixed to the hood panel, and a resilient member provided on a hinged portion of the arm member and the coupling member for resiliently supporting the arm member.

Abstract: The invention is based on an auxiliary handle device, in particular for hand-held power tools, comprising a fastening unit which comprises at least one fastening mechanism. It is proposed that the fastening mechanism is provided in an axial direction of a fastening axis in order to achieve a positive connection.

Abstract: The invention provides an ergonomic handle for precision, surgical, and dental tools including electro-surgical devices and surgical devices used in microsurgery designed to facilitate the positioning of the user's hand grip comprising a longitudinally extending body substantially oval in cross-section and being provided with four, substantially concave indentations positioned towards the proximal end of the handle, a first concave indentation being provided along a top surface of the handle, second and third indentations being provided along lateral surfaces, and a fourth indentation being provided along the bottom surface of the body respectively and positioned relative to each other to provide a contiguous interface respectively with the user's thumb, index finger and middle finger.

Abstract: A handle assembly for mounting to an appliance door includes a main body member having first and second end portions separated by an intermediate portion. First and second plastic end-caps are tightly fit to the first and second end portions via fasteners. The handle assembly is mounted to a front face of the door through interengagment of the fasteners with clips attached to the appliance door. Latch and ramp portions of clips cooperate with the respective fasteners to draw the end-caps into a close locking engagement with the appliance door.

Abstract: A buckle for the fixing of accessories and in particular for the fixing of diving accessories, such as, for example a torch, to a diving jacket. The buckle comprises a male and a female portion that can be hitched to one another and connected to the accessory and the jacket by hitching means, such as rings or spring catches. The portions of the buckle are provided with a connection element that maintains its mechanical connection even in buckle release conditions. Advantageously, in the male and female portions of the buckle there are fixing seats that accommodate both the connection element and the hitching means for the items of clothing and for the accessories.

Abstract: Provided is a method for designing a detachable object to an item by setting design objectives including a magnetic holding force objective needed to hold the detachable object to the item. A set of magnetic pieces are selected based on the holding magnetic force objective. An outer magnetic piece is fabricated onto the detachable object and an inner magnetic piece is fabricated and positioned within the item. The selection of the magnetic set and/or the position of the outer and inner magnetic pieces are modified until the design objectives are met.

Abstract: The elastic clipping structure includes a body unit and an elastic unit. The body unit has a body portion, a clipping portion disposed on a first lateral side of the body portion, and an opening forming on a second lateral side of the body portion. The elastic unit has an elastic body with a U shape. The elastic body is disposed on the body portion, and the elastic body has an abutting portion abutted against the clipping portion and two movable portions passing through the opening. Therefore, the body unit and the elastic unit are mated to each other, so that when two opposite forces are acting on two opposite sides of the elastic unit, the elastic unit is compressed inwards. When the two opposite forces are released from the elastic unit, the elastic unit is restored to its original restriction position by the restriction portion.

Abstract: A product package clip has cooperating locking tabs and openings which facilitate secure assembly of the clip and resistance to forces imposed by mishandling during shipment.

Abstract: A camera holder includes a connecting device mounted to a moving object, such as a bicycle or a helmet of the rider. The connecting device includes a base having two opposite sides each having a groove laterally defined therein. A slider is connected with a camera and slidably mounted to the connecting device. The slider includes two opposite side each having a rail laterally extending therefrom and slidably received in a corresponding one of the two grooves in the base.

Abstract: A blade processing fixture has first and second jaws. The second jaw is movable relative to the first jaw from a disengaged position for accepting a root of the blade. The blade is accepted in a receiving area between the first and second jaws. The second jaw is movable to an engaged position clamping the blade between the first and second jaws. A gas flow path extends from an inlet port to an outlet port. The outlet port is positioned to introduce gas to a blade inlet port when the blade is installed.

Abstract: In a step (A), a selectively removable resist layer or a selectively removable sacrifice layer is formed in a predetermined pattern in a protrusion non-forming region on a base plate. In a step (B), a pillar-shaped structure film is formed on a side of the base plate, on which side the resist layer or the sacrifice layer has been formed in the predetermined pattern. The pillar-shaped structure film contains a plurality of pillar-shaped bodies, each of which extends in a direction nonparallel with a base plate surface of the base plate. In a step (C), the resist layer or the sacrifice layer, and a region of the pillar-shaped structure film, which region is located on the resist layer or the sacrifice layer, are removed by use of a lift-off technique. At least one protruding region, which contains the pillar-shaped bodies, is thus formed.

Abstract: A joining unit contains a spindle drive in the form of a hollow shaft motor that encloses a spindle. The hollow shaft motor serves to achieve a linear movement of a joining tool for the execution of a joining process. The joining unit contains instruments for the presetting and/or determination of the forces exerted and/or the movement of the joining tool during the joining process.

Abstract: A tool for removing a scrivet having a central shank and a compression sleeve having circumferentially spaced-apart wing elements is provided. The tool includes a first handle and a second handle, a first pair of gripping members configured to grip about the central shank of the scrivet, a second pair of gripping members configured to grip about the base of the scrivet, a first connecting mechanism attached to the first pair of gripping members, and a second connecting mechanism attached to the second pair of gripping members. The tool is configured such that the first pair of gripping members engages the central shank upon a first predetermined amount of movement of the handles and pull the central shank at a second predetermined amount of movement of the handles. A third predetermined movement of the handles causes the second pair of gripping members to grip the base of the scrivet.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a hinged closure (1) preferably molded in a closed position. The closure has a base (2) and a lid (3) interconnected to the base by a hinge arrangement (4). A latching mechanism (15) holds the closure (1) in position with respect to a neck (12) and prevents unwanted opening.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for producing a shutter (2) designed to be rolled up and unrolled, characterised in that on each face, opposite one another, is provided a serrated belt (3,4) comprising a succession of teeth, and in that, in order to make it possible for both belts (3,4) to mesh, the position of the teeth of at least one of the belts (3,4) is adjusted by deforming said belt (3,4) in such a way that both belts (3,4) can mesh, and that this mutual position of the belts (3,4) can subsequently be stabilized.

Abstract: A tubing connection arrangement and a method used for coupling expandable tubing sections together. In one embodiment, there is disclosed a tubing connection arrangement comprising a first expandable tubing section defining a male portion; a second expandable tubing section defining a female portion, the first and second expandable tubing sections being engageable with one another; one of the first and second expandable tubing sections including a restraining member for restraining part of the other expandable tubing section; and the first expandable tubing section including a tapered shoulder for co-operating with a corresponding tapered shoulder of the second expandable tubing section.

Abstract: A protective structure for a vehicle having an opening on an upper surface is provided. One embodiment of the invention has at least a partial enclosure around an area defined laterally by the vehicle opening with an overhead and side protective capability. An embodiment of the invention has an overhead cover that is formed to substantially enclose a top area of the enclosure and having multiple panels that may be locked into place or opened by an occupant for exit through a top area of the enclosure. The multiple panels in this embodiment extend upwardly and inwardly from a section of the enclosure's side walls. Ballistic windows are provided on the protective structure such that an occupant can view laterally and vertically through the enclosure and overhead cover. A shield or protective plate can be mounted on one side of the enclosure.

Abstract: Random access memory including nanotube switching elements. A memory cell includes first and second nanotube switching elements and an electronic memory. Each nanotube switching element includes conductive terminals, a nanotube article and control circuitry capable of controllably form and unform an electrically conductive channel between the conductive terminals. The electronic memory is a volatile storage device capable of storing a logic state in response to electrical stimulus. In certain embodiment the electronic memory has cross-coupled first and second inverters in electrical communication with the first and second nanotube switching elements. The cell can operate as a normal electronic memory, or can operate in a shadow memory or store mode (e.g., when power is interrupted) to transfer the electronic memory state to the nanotube switching elements. The device may later be operated in a recall mode where the state of the nanotube switching elements may be transferred to the electronic memory.

Abstract: A solenoid actuator includes a hard guide piece and a soft flux piece. The hard guide piece has a stop surface ground to create a final air gap distance between the soft flux piece and a stator assembly when the stop surface on the guide piece is in contact with the stator assembly. The final air gap is set by grinding the stop surface on the guide piece so that the distance between the stop surface on the guide piece and a top surface on the soft flux piece along an axis of the guide bore is equal to the final air gap. The step of grinding the armature assembly may be done after attaching the guide piece and the flux piece together. In an exemplary embodiment, the step of grinding the stop surface and associated guide surface(s) are performed in a single chucking.

Abstract: In order to offer the technology which can form the pattern of the antenna of the inlet for electronic tags accurately and cheaply, the resist layer at the time of forming the pattern of an antenna by chemical etching is formed using a photogravure printing machine. Let the extending direction of region 16C which has the minimum width in the height of the front surface of a gravure plate be an opposite direction to the direction of rotation of a gravure plate (a doctor's relative direction of movement seen from the gravure plate). The radius of curvature of an inner circumference of the curved part in region 16B is made larger than the radius of curvature of a periphery. The outer edge of region 16D is formed so that it may become forward tapered shape-like toward position D, so that the width of region 16D may become larger than the width of region 16C in position D which the end of height attains.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a head suspension includes a punching process, a positioning process, and an affixing process. An objective part on the head suspension to which a damper 73 is affixed includes a discontinuous section 72. The punching process punches a damper material into the damper 73 whose shape corresponds to the shape of the objective part excluding the discontinuous section 72. The positioning process positions the damper 73 to the objective part so that the damper 73 avoids and surrounds the discontinuous section 72, and the affixing process affixes the damper 73 to the objective part. The method secures a uniform damping effect among manufactured head suspensions and improves the yield of dampers and head suspensions without deteriorating the functions and performances of the head suspensions.

Abstract: An electrical fuse and a first dielectric layer thereupon are formed on a semiconductor substrate. Self-assembling block copolymers containing two or more different polymeric block components are applied into a recessed region surrounded by a dielectric template layer. The self-assembling block copolymers are then annealed to form a pattern of multiple circles having a sublithographic diameter. The pattern of multiple circles is transferred into the first dielectric layer by a reactive ion etch, wherein the portion of the first dielectric layer above the fuselink has a honeycomb pattern comprising multiple circular cylindrical holes. A second dielectric layer is formed over the circular cylindrical holes by a non-conformal chemical vapor deposition and sublithographic cavities are formed on the fuselink. The sublithographic cavities provide enhanced thermal insulation relative to dielectric materials to the fuselink so that the electrical fuse may be programmed with less programming current.

Abstract: A gradation twin-wire EDM manufacturing system includes a manufacture machine, a wire feeding bobbin set mounted on the manufacture machine, a wire receiving bobbin set mounted on the manufacture machine, a gradation electro-insulated roller mounted on the manufacturing machine, two wires detoured around the wire feeding bobbin set, the gradation electro-insulated roller and the wire receiving bobbin set, a RC electro discharge circuit connected to one wire, and a transistor RC electro discharge circuit connected to another wire. Therefore, only one manufacture process is needed for a quick manufacture of a workpiece, and thus saving the manufacturing time and enhancing the efficiency.

Abstract: A conductive elastomeric and mechanical pin and contact system for creation of a Elastromechanical Connector (1) that combines Mechanical Pins, an Insulator Array with Conductive Elastromeric Memory Material. This combination provides a low cost, high density, reliable, reusable electronic interconnect system. This system can be used in place of most connector systems in use today. It replaces any connector that uses pins and sockets and also supports the fine conductor pitch required in the semiconductor business like Ball Grid Array (BGA) Sockets and related devises. The inventive device includes mechanical pins (2), installed in an insulator (3), each mechanical pin is topped with conductive elastromeric compound (4). A mechanical pin is used for each connection point, the insulator positions the mechanical pins in an array pattern appropriate to the interconnection requirement. A conductive elastromeric compound is added to each metal pin to create the Z axis electrical coplanality to the mating unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a wiring substrate, a tape package using the wiring substrate, and a display device using the wiring substrate. In a method of manufacturing a wiring substrate, a screen may be disposed on a base plate, the screen having openings for forming wirings. A conductive paste may be coated in the openings of the screen. A substrate may be on the screen, the conductive paste being coated in the openings of the screen. The conductive paste may be hardened to be adhered to the substrate. The base plate and the screen may be removed from the substrate to form wirings on the substrate. Because the wirings may be formed using a glass substrate having heat-resisting properties by simplified processes, thermal deflections of the substrate and dimension variations in manufacturing processes may be reduced or minimized.

Abstract: The likelihood of exfoliation of a sealing resin layer at a pad electrode part is reduced so that the reliability of a circuit apparatus is improved. A circuit apparatus includes a wiring layer, a gold plating layer, an insulating resin layer, a circuit element, a conductive member and sealing resin layer. The gold plating layer is formed in an wiring layer area for the pad electrode. The surface outside the area is roughened. The insulating resin layer is formed so as to cover the wiring layer and to have an opening in an area in which the pad electrode is formed. The circuit element is mounted on a predetermined area on the insulating resin layer. The sealing resin layer is formed on the insulating resin layer so as to entirely cover the circuit element and the opening for the pad electrode. The sealing resin layer, in the area for the pad electrode, is in contact with the gold plating layer and the wiring layer.

Abstract: Planarization methods for maintaining planar surfaces in the fabrication of such devices as BAW devices and capacitors on a planar or planarized substrate are described. In accordance with the method, a metal layer is deposited and patterned, and an oxide layer is deposited using a high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDP CVD) process to a thickness equal to the thickness of the metal layer. The HDP CVD process provides an oxide layer on the patterned metal tapering upward from the edge of the patterned metal layer. Then, after masking and etching the oxide layer from the patterned metal layer, the patterned metal layer and surrounding oxide layer form a substantially planar layer, interrupted by small remaining oxide protrusions at the edges of the patterned layer. These small remaining oxide protrusions may be too small to significantly disturb the flatness of a further oxide or other layer or they may be further mitigated by the application of another HDP CVD oxide film.