Abstract: A plurality of catalytic units (42) and (43) are disposed in series with each other in a direction conforming to the direction (X) of flow of the exhaust gases (G) and include respective honeycomb carrier structure each having a catalyst deposited thereon. Of the plural catalytic units, at least two catalytic units (42) and (43), which are positioned downstream and upstream relative to each other with respect to the direction (X) of flow of the exhaust gases (G), respectively, are such that the downstream catalytic unit (42) has a higher cell density, a smaller capacity of the honeycomb carrier structure and a larger amount of an element, due to become a major catalyst, carried thereby per unitary capacity than those in the upstream catalytic unit (43).

Abstract: A vacuum accumulator system includes a booster, a vacuum accumulator disposed in fluid communication with the booster and an engine disposed in fluid communication with the vacuum accumulator.

Abstract: A protection valve for a hydraulic drive system and a method for protecting the hydraulic drive system and pumping equipment driven by the hydraulic drive system includes a valve body, an actuator shaft movably disposed within the valve body, a thermal actuator for displacing the actuator shaft between an un-actuated position and an actuated position, and a poppet attached to the actuator shaft for movement therewith. The thermal actuator is configured to displace the actuator shaft between the un-actuated position and the actuated position in response to a hydraulic oil temperature that exceeds a predetermined maximum. A thermal actuator body is rigidly attached to the valve body at one end and a valve seat body is rigidly attached to the valve body at the other end. The thermal actuator body has openings formed therein for placing hydraulic oil in fluid communication with the thermal actuator.

Abstract: A hydraulic power steering system that maintains proportional pressure control between an input side of a gear and assist pressures internal to the steering gear by relying upon a control valve. A pressure differential is maintained between the input side of a gear and assist pressures internal to the steering gear throughout certain events. Those events include running the pump to fully charge the accumulator, idling the pump after fully charging the accumulator, discharging pressure from the fully charged accumulator at an onset of a steering event having a demand for steering load, recovering the discharged pressure of the accumulator by running the pump after turning on the pump at the onset of the steering event, and opening the relief valve in the valve manifold during the steering event.

Abstract: A hydraulic power steering system that maintains proportional pressure control between an input side of a gear and assist pressures internal to the steering gear by relying upon a control valve. A pressure differential is maintained between the input side of a gear and assist pressures internal to the steering gear throughout certain events. Those events include running the pump to fully charge the accumulator, idling the pump after fully charging the accumulator, discharging pressure from the fully charged accumulator at an onset of a steering event having a demand for steering load, recovering the discharged pressure of the accumulator by running the pump after turning on the pump at the onset of the steering event, and opening the relief valve in the valve manifold during the steering event.

Abstract: There is provided a pump unit configured to be capable of transmitting a rotational per from a driving power source which is operatively connected thereto to an actuator through a pair of hydraulic fluid lines. The pump unit includes: an input shaft; a hydraulic pump main body; a PTO shaft; a PTO clutch mechanism; and auxiliary pump main body; a suction line; a discharge line; a charge line; a PTO hydraulic fluid line; a pressure-reducing valve; and a resistance valve. The PTO hydraulic fluid line and the charge line are fluidly connected to the primary side and a secondary side of the pressure-reducing valve, respectively.

Abstract: A Stirling engine includes a plurality of ?-type Stirling cycle mechanisms, each of which includes a first piston and a second piston and pressurizes a crankcase space. The mechanisms are coupled to each other via a common rotary shaft so that each of the mechanisms generates a torque variation waveform in which the number of periods per rotation is two.

Abstract: A high temperature side cylinder of a Stirling engine is composed of a sleeve and a cylinder block. A high temperature side piston makes a reciprocating motion in the sleeve. The sleeve is connected to a heater that heats a working fluid of the Stirling engine so that heat of the heater is transmitted. A cylinder block is disposed outside of the sleeve. A predetermined interval is formed between the sleeve and the cylinder block, and an air layer is formed in the predetermined interval.

Abstract: A shape memory alloy drive device has drive control portion for displacing a shape memory alloy up to a target displacement value by applying a voltage or an electric current to the shape memory alloy by servo control, and also has contact detection portion for detecting a predetermined change in a drive control value, or, for example, a sharp increase in the drive control value, representing the amount of the voltage of the electric current applied by the drive control portion. When detecting a predetermined change, the contact detection portion determines that a movable portion having a lens etc. mounted thereon is in contact with a stationary mechanism. The shape memory alloy drive device further has drive limiting portion which, when the determination described above is made, causes the drive control portion to limit the target displacement value within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A power plant including a steam turbine, and a steam turbine exhaust duct configured to deliver uncontaminated fluid from the steam turbine to downstream components of the power plant. The steam turbine exhaust duct includes a steam turbine exhaust duct isolation valve selectively configured to prevent fluid communication between the steam turbine exhaust duct and the downstream components of the power plant, and a steam turbine exhaust duct vent with a steam turbine exhaust duct vent valve. The steam turbine exhaust duct vent is configured to deliver contaminated fluid from the steam turbine exhaust duct to a fluid sink upon opening of the exhaust duct vent valve.

Abstract: The Hybrid Electric Steam Turbine Automotive Engine is a new and useful type of engine which does not require the internal combustion of Petroleum-Based fuels. The stainless steel casting engine operates on either petroleum-based or non-petroleum-based fuels and will eliminate dependence upon petroleum-based fuel. It will reduce adverse environmental impacts caused by emissions of Green House Gases.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for storing energy, comprising: compression chamber means (24) for receiving a gas; compression piston means (25) for compressing gas contained in the compression chamber means; first heat storage means (50) for receiving and storing thermal energy from gas compressed by the compression piston means; expansion chamber means (28) for receiving gas after exposure to the first heat storage means; expansion piston means (29) for expanding gas received in the expansion chamber means; and second heat storage means (60) for transferring thermal energy to gas expanded by the expansion piston means. The cycle used by apparatus (10) has two different stages that can be split into separate devices or combined into one device.

Abstract: An industrial turbine engine comprises a combustion section, an air discharge section downstream of the combustion section, a transition region between the combustion and air discharge section, a combustion transition piece and a sleeve. The transition piece defines an interior space for combusted gas flow. The sleeve surrounds the combustor transition piece so as to form a flow annulus between the sleeve and the transition piece. The sleeve includes a first set of apertures for directing cooling air from compressor discharge air into the flow annulus. The transition piece includes an outer surface bounding the flow annulus and an inner surface bounding the interior surface, and includes a second set of apertures for directing cooling air in the flow annulus to the interior space. Each of the second set of apertures extends from an entry portion on the outer surface to an exit portion on the inner surface.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine has an annular reverse-flow combustor with a combustor inner liner enclosing a combustion chamber. The inner liner having a dome portion at an upstream end of the combustor and a downstream combustor exit defined between a small exit duct portion and a large exit duct portion. At least one of the dome portion, the small exit duct portion and the large exit duct portion is made of a separately formed hemi-toroidal shell composed of a ceramic matrix composite.

Abstract: Nozzle exit configurations and associated systems and methods are disclosed. An aircraft system in accordance with one embodiment includes a jet engine exhaust nozzle having an internal flow surface and an exit aperture, with the exit aperture having a perimeter that includes multiple projections extending in an aft direction. Aft portions of individual neighboring projections are spaced apart from each other by a gap, and a geometric feature of the multiple can change in a monotonic manner along at least a portion of the perimeter.

Abstract: A method for computer-supported control and/or regulation of a technical system is provided. In the method a reinforcing learning method and an artificial neuronal network are used. In a preferred embodiment, parallel feed-forward networks are connected together such that the global architecture meets an optimal criterion. The network thus approximates the observed benefits as predictor for the expected benefits. In this manner, actual observations are used in an optimal manner to determine a quality function. The quality function obtained intrinsically from the network provides the optimal action selection rule for the given control problem. The method may be applied to any technical system for regulation or control. A preferred field of application is the regulation or control of turbines, in particular a gas turbine.

Abstract: A device and method for monitoring a high-pressure pump in a turbomachine fuel supply circuit by detecting opening of a pressurizing and shut-off valve mounted on an outlet side of a fuel flow regulating valve, by measuring rotational speed of the turbomachine corresponding to the opening of the pressurizing and cut-off valve, and by monitoring change in a value of the rotational speed to propose replacement of the high-pressure pump when the measure value rotational speed reaches a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for power generation from carbonaceous feedstock comprising the steps of: gasifying the feedstock in a gasification unit to produce synthesis gas; passing a first portion of the synthesis gas to a power generation unit; passing a second portion of the synthesis gas to a chemical plant; condensing at least a portion of at least one gas stream produced; revaporising at least a portion of the at least one condensed gas stream; and wherein the step of revaporising at least a portion of the at least one condensed gas stream permits the power used in the step of condensing at least a portion of at least one gas stream to be recovered.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas turbine, comprising an annular combustion chamber and an upstream diffuser, with a throughflow essentially parallel to a turbine longitudinal axis, at a distance from said axis at least partly less than the annular combustion chamber, in which a compressed gas may be divided into several partial flows at a branching point, whereby at least one of the partial flows is a cooling gas flow. A main deflection region is provided in said diffuser, directed at an angle to the turbine longitudinal axis towards the annular combustion chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner includes a heat storage unit having a heat storage medium, a first heat exchanger for heat exchange with air that is sent out of the vehicle, a second heat exchanger for heat exchange with air that is sent to the vehicle compartment, and a peltier device. The heat storage unit has a first inlet port and a first outlet port through which heat exchange medium flows in and out of the heat storage unit where heat is exchanged between the heat storage medium and the heat exchange medium. The peltier device is operable to provide one of positive heat and negative heat to the heat exchange medium flowing through the heat storage unit and also to provide the other of the positive heat and the negative heat directly or indirectly to the first heat exchanger.

Abstract: A thermoelectric device having at least one thermoelectric unit including at least one thermoelectric pair of n-type and p-type thermoelements, a first header coupled to one side of the thermoelectric pair, and a second header coupled to a second side of the thermoelectric pair. The thermoelectric pair has a thermal conduction channel area smaller than an area of the first header or the second header such that the thermal conduction area is a fraction of the area of the first header or the second header.

Abstract: A multistage pulse tube refrigerator includes a first stage regenerator tube including a heat exchanger; a second stage regenerator tube; a first stage pulse tube; a second stage pulse tube; a first cooling stage connected to the first stage regenerator tube and the first stage pulse tube; and a second cooling stage connected to the second stage regenerator tube and the second stage pulse tube. A cold end of the first stage regenerator tube is connected to the first stage pulse tube via a first flow path and connected to the second stage regenerator tube via a second flow path. The first flow path is configured such that a heat exchange occurs between the heat exchanger and a refrigerant gas flowing through the first flow path, and the second flow path is configured such that the refrigerant gas flowing through the second flow path bypasses the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the withdrawal of gas from a sorption reservoir. The temperature in the sorption reservoir having a decreasing amount of gas therein is increased until a maximum acceptable temperature is reached such that a predetermined minimum pressure in the sorption reservoir does not fall below that threshold. The invention also relates to a device for storing at least one gas, having a sorption reservoir that has at least one attachment via which the sorption reservoir can be filled with gas or via which gas can be withdrawn from the sorption reservoir. The invention also relates to a device having at least one heating element which can warm the sorption reservoir, also a control system that can increase the temperature in the sorption reservoir when withdrawing the gas in such a manner that a predetermined minimum temperature in the sorption reservoir is not fallen below in order to attain a maximum acceptable pressure.

Abstract: A method and a device for making pieces of ice, wherein water in a container (1) is frozen into ice. A helically threaded shaft (7) extends through the container (1), so that the ice (10) surrounds the shaft (7) and is engaged by the helical thread (18) of the shaft (7). The threaded shaft (7) is rotated with respect to the ice (10), so that the ice (10) is moved toward a cutting member (9) carried by the threaded shaft (7). Subsequently, the ice (10) is shaved by the cutting member (9).

Abstract: Provided are a refrigerator and a control method thereof. Various sized mineral water bottles that is generally available everywhere may be used as a water supply container. When water lack state occurs in a water supply process, a water supplement signal is outputted to allow a user to detect the water lack state, as well as, the user can quickly and easily replace the water supply container.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a fresh food compartment, a freezer compartment and a refrigeration system. A duct, exposed to the freezer compartment, leads into the fresh food compartment. A damper is arranged within the duct to selectively allow the passage of cooling air into the fresh food compartment. The refrigerator also includes an air mixing fan arranged in the fresh food compartment, a freezer mounted ice maker, a user interface having a plurality of control elements and a controller operatively associated with the user interface. The controller includes a memory having stored therein a plurality of operating parameters for controlling various aspects or features of the refrigerator, including a temperature control mode, a super cool mode, a food saver mode and a quick ice mode, which can be synergistically combined to efficiently operate the refrigerator.

Abstract: A refrigerator and its operation method are disclosed. Cool air ducts guide cool air from a freezing compartment to an ice compartment that is positioned at a refrigerating compartment door. At least a portion of the cool air ducts are located at a barrier that separates the freezing compartment and the refrigerating compartment.

Abstract: A method of controlling the conditions of air in an interior of an enclosure is disclosed. The method comprises collecting air from a lower part of the interior, dehumidifying the collected air, and releasing the dehumidified air in an upper part of the interior, thereby controlling the conditions of the air in the interior of the enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid vapor compression—absorption cooling or heating system and apparatus containing a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also provides for the performance of a hybrid vapor compression—absorption cycle that utilizes refrigerants and absorbents such as fluorocarbon gases in fluorinated ionic liquids. The present invention also provides a method of cooling by the execution of a hybrid vapor compression—absorption cycle using a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also provides a method of heating by the execution of a hybrid vapor compression—absorption cycle using a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid.

Abstract: The invention described herein represents a significant improvement in the efficiency of cooling processes for applications such as buildings, computer equipment, processes, and refrigeration. Described is HVAC energy attached storage whereby an existing HVAC systems cooling capacity is augmented by the addition of a phase changed compressed refrigerant storage and control system. Energy is stored at a first time for subsequent use when electricity is more expensive than a threshold, when electricity availability is constrained, when the thermal load to be cooled is forecasted to be above a threshold, or when a renewable energy source is less available than a threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising iodotrifluoromethane and other compounds that are useful as heat transfer fluids, including refrigerants, in a stationary air conditioning or refrigeration system, a flooded evaporator chiller or a direct expansion chiller. Also disclosed are methods for producing cooling and methods for replacing R22, R407C, R410A, R404A or R507A in such equipment.

Abstract: A hybrid heating apparatus heats potable water with waste heat from heat recovery units and insolation from solar collectors. A single circulation pump circulates fluid between at least one heat exchanger and each of the heat recovery units and preferably the solar collector. A single controller receives sensor readings from the heat recovery units and the solar collector units and receives a demand to heat the potable water. To satisfy the demand, the controller determines the extent to which the demand may be satisfied from heat available from the heat recovery units and the solar collector units and sends command signals both to the circulating pump to circulate the fluid and to appropriate ones of valves at connections to those heat recovery units and solar collector units to allow fluid to circulate to be heated to flow to the heat exchanger for effecting heat exchange to heat the potable water.

Abstract: A device for storing electrical energy, especially for a motor vehicle is provided. The device comprises a plurality of flat cells that are stacked one on the other with their flat sides substantially in parallel, the flat cells defining at least one first stack. A cooling element is arranged between adjacent flat cells of the at least one first stack. The cooling element has at least one opening into which a heat transfer element is inserted.

Abstract: A first adsorption heat exchanger (51) and a second adsorption heat exchanger (52) are provided in a refrigerant circuit (50) of a humidity control apparatus (10). In the refrigerant circuit (50), a refrigerant circulation direction can be reversed. In a purge operation of the humidity control apparatus (10), each of actions is performed, which are a purge action in which the first adsorption heat exchanger (51) serves as an evaporator, and a purge action in which the second adsorption heat exchanger (52) serves as the evaporator. During the purge operation, outdoor air is sent to the adsorption heat exchanger (51, 52) serving as the evaporator, and moisture in the outdoor air adsorbs to the adsorption heat exchanger (51, 52).

Abstract: A humidity control apparatus (10) alternately performs first and second operations at predetermined switching intervals. In the first operation, a first adsorption heat exchanger (51) serves as a condenser, and a second adsorption heat exchanger (52) serves as an evaporator, thereby humidifying second air by the first adsorption heat exchanger (51), and dehumidifying first air by the second adsorption heat exchanger (52). In the second operation, the second adsorption heat exchanger (52) serves as the condenser, and the first adsorption heat exchanger (51) serves as the evaporator, thereby humidifying the second air by the second adsorption heat exchanger (52), and dehumidifying the first air by the first adsorption heat exchanger (51). The switching intervals between the first and second operations are shorter in dehumidification operation of supplying the dehumidified first air to the inside of a room than in humidification operation of supplying the humidified second air to the inside of the room.

Abstract: A refrigeration device 30 includes two independent refrigeration circuits: the first refrigeration circuit 31A having an inverter compressor 32A and the second refrigeration circuit 31B having a constant-speed compressor 32B. An evaporator 37 is shared by both refrigeration circuits 31A, 31B. The inverter compressor 32A is normally driven and the constant-speed compressor 32B is additionally driven as necessary. The evaporator 37 includes a group of fins 41 having a plurality of fins 40 positioned along an airflow direction and arranged with a gap therebetween in a direction across the airflow direction. Evaporation tubes are routed in four tiers while penetrating through the fins 40 in the group of fins 41 and running in a zigzag in the airflow direction. The first evaporation tube 45A of the first refrigeration circuit 31A is arranged in the lower two tiers and the second evaporation tube 45B of the second refrigeration circuit 31B is arranged in the upper two tiers.

Abstract: An ice making system for a refrigerator, comprises: a base member; an icemaker mounted to a front surface of the base member for making ice pieces; a driving unit mounted to a rear surface of the base member such that a motor shaft thereof is in a horizontal state; an ice bank horizontally inserted into the base member in a detachable manner, for storing the ice pieces made by the icemaker; a detachable mounting unit for detachably mounting the ice bank to the base member; and an ice crusher assembly provided at the ice bank so as to be connected to or separated from the driving unit, for crushing the ice pieces. Since the ice bank has only to be horizontally pushed into the base member for coupling, or horizontally pulled out of the base member for separation, processes for coupling or separating the ice bank to/from the base member are facilitated. This prevents the ice pieces stored in the ice bank from being discharged out of the ice bank.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ice making apparatus for a refrigerator, the apparatus comprising a frame having an accommodating space therein, and at least an ice tray detachably installed in the frame and configured to provide a space for containing water to make ice, whereby the ice making apparatus can be easily cleaned up and ice can be easily handled.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body that includes a refrigerating chamber and a freezing chamber, a door that selectively shields the refrigerating chamber, and an ice making unit that produces ice. An ice storage unit is provided at the door and stores ice produced in the ice making unit. The ice storage unit includes a housing, a storage basket that is removably coupled to the housing and that stores ice removed from the ice making unit to the ice storage unit, and a sensing apparatus that is provided at the housing and senses attachment or detachment of the storage basket. A controller controls transfer of ice produced by the ice making unit to the storage basket based on output from the sensing apparatus that indicates attachment or detachment of the storage basket.

Abstract: A thermal storage unit includes a thermal storage, a heat exchange path, a housing and a reservoir. The thermal storage is filled with a thermal storage medium. A heat exchange medium flows through the heat exchange path. The housing surrounds and thermally insulates the thermal storage from the outside. The housing has an inlet port and an outlet port for communicating with the heat exchange path and a conduit which is located outside the housing and connected to the inlet port and the outlet port. The reservoir is located in the housing for reserving the heat exchange medium. When the thermal storage unit is not in use, the reservoir collects the heat exchange medium flowing by weight thereof through the inlet port and the outlet port, thereby allowing air to be present at the inlet port and the outlet port.

Abstract: The present invention forms a supporting part that contacts a wall surface of a rotational shaft of an opening and closing button that opens and closes a container, such that when the opening and closing button is pressed, the supporting part contacts the wall surface to prevent the stress concentration phenomenon from being generated on the rotational shaft when the opening and closing button is pressed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a door basket for a refrigerator and includes a configuration of preventing a cover member, which is rotatably provided to selectively shield an opening part of a door basket, from separating from the door basket or shaking during a rotation.

Abstract: An ejector-type refrigerant cycle device includes: a first evaporator 15 that evaporates refrigerant flowing out of an ejector 14; a branch passage 17 that branches a flow of refrigerant between a radiator 13 and the ejector 14 and guides this flow of refrigerant to a vapor-phase refrigerant suction port 14c of the ejector 14; a throttling mechanism 18 disposed in the branch passage 17; and a second evaporator 19 disposed downstream of the throttling mechanism 18 with respect to the flow of refrigerant. The throttling mechanism 18 is constructed to be provided with a fully opening function, and to fully open the branch passage 17 when the second evaporator 19 is defrosted. Therefore, in an ejector-type refrigerant cycle device including multiple evaporators, the function of defrosting the evaporators can be carried out with a simple construction.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus uses a refrigerant that operates in a region including critical processes, and includes a compression mechanism having first and second compressors, a heat-source-side heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, a utilization-side heat exchanger, an intercooler, and an intermediate refrigerant pipe. The first compressor has a first low-pressure compression element and a first high-pressure compression element to increase pressure of refrigerant more than the first low-pressure compression element. The second compressor has a second low-pressure compression element and a second high-pressure compression element to increase pressure of refrigerant more than the second low-pressure compression element. The intermediate refrigerant pipe causes refrigerant discharged by the first and second low-pressure compression elements to pass through the intercooler and be sucked into first and second high-pressure the compression elements.

Abstract: A method for the uninterrupted operation of a gas liquefaction system is provided, wherein the operation is continuously monitored for at least those users of the refrigerant compressor component which represent a two-digit percentage of the total load on the refrigerant compressor component. A total instantaneously available negative load reserve is calculated, and at least one predetermined turbine is switched off when the load reserve reachable via a frequency regulation of the one or more refrigerant compressors is lower than the energy demand of the largest of the refrigerant compressors and either a refrigerant compressor fails or a speed of frequency change for the power supply network for the gas liquefaction system exceeds a present threshold.

Abstract: A necklace worn device for displaying short moving or static images in continuous loop based on the detection of the motion of wearers comprises a housing and a circuit board assembly. The housing is provided with a transparent window on one side thereof. The circuit board assembly provided detachably in the housing includes a pixelated display for displaying images, a non-volatile flash memory for storing images and other additional data, a microprocessor for processing the stored images and setting parameters, at least a motion detection switch activating the necklace worn device, a wireless transmitting and receiving unit for sending or receiving images, at least a rechargeable battery for power supply, and at least a control button for controlling the wireless transmitting and receiving unit and setting the parameters. The pixelated display is preferably an organic light emitting diode display and is provided under the transparent window of the housing.

Abstract: A jewelry apparatus with living ornamental materials. The jewelry apparatus (e.g., inserted into rings, necklaces, lockets, bracelets, etc. or integral thereto) with living ornamental materials includes a base component with a receptacle in which a living material substrate is placed and a cover restraining component through which the living ornament materials grow. The cover restraining portion is to the bottom portion and also prevents the living material substrate and living materials from falling out of the base component. The living material substrate includes seeds for various types of plants and trees and nutrients to allow the seeds to grow. As the seeds germinate and grow, they grow upwards out of the base component and provide jewelry with living, growing, renewable ornamental materials.

Abstract: A jewelry holder for holding a strand of jewelry may include a front ring member including a first embedded magnet and a back ring member including a second embedded magnet. The front ring member may be detachably connected to the back ring member by cooperation of the first embedded magnet and the second embedded magnet. The jewelry holder may include a center member, and the center member may be substantially T-shaped. The center member may include a potentially decorative back surface, and the center member may include a third magnet to cooperate with the first magnet and the second magnet. The third magnet may be positioned within an aperture of the central member, and the center member may include a cover for the aperture of the center member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for melting vitrifiable materials in a low-capacity oven, wherein at least part of the melting energy is supplied by two oxy-burners projecting into the melting chamber through the upstream wall and arranged on opposite sides of a vertical plane in which a longitudinal axis of the melting chamber is situated, in such a way as to create two flames, the respective injection axes thereof crossing at a distance from the upstream wall, between ? and ¾ of the length L of the melting chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating apparatus for glass-sheet-forming, which prevents formation of a heater distortion in a portion of a glass sheet facing to a temperature-distributing heat shield.