Abstract: An apparatus and method for surface marking along an outside corner. In one embodiment, a marking tool includes a base portion and a marker retention portion. The base portion includes a first end and a second end along a longitudinal axis of the tool. The base portion includes a base surface along the longitudinal axis. The base surface is configured to movingly engage a first surface. The marker retention portion extends from the first end of the base portion. The marker retention portion is configured to retain a marking device and to position a marking face of the marking device to engage a second surface that intersects the first surface at an outside corner.

Abstract: A three-dimensional measuring machine (measurement device) which supplies a probe having a measurement head able to make contact with a measured object and a contact detection sensor which detects the contact of a measurement head with a measured object and outputs a touch signal; a displacement structure which displaces a probe along three axial directions orthogonal to one another; scale sensors which detect the position coordinates of a probe and output a coordinate detection signal; a control circuit board having an integrated circuit on which are installed a touch counter which counts touch signals and a scale counter which counts coordinate detection signals; and a latch controller which latches a touch counter value and a scale counter value at the same time.

Abstract: A tape measure carrier for use in taking internal measurements includes a side wall and a base extending from the sidewall. The sidewall is of sufficient thickness so a tape measure chip will snugly slide down over the top of the sidewall to seat the tape measure on or close to the base. A base shelf is formed at the forward end of the base. A clear window piece is mounted to the base or sidewall so as to extend spaced over and parallel to the base shelf to form a channel therebetween. The channel is located and sized to allow free horizontal passage of the tape measure tape through the channel. A cross hair on the window piece is positioned to provide a known pre-determined distance between the cross hair and the rearmost end of the carrier.

Abstract: An appliance for drying or warming associated laundry items includes a housing having a wall forming a stationary cavity dimensioned to receive the associated laundry items. At least one article support member is preferably contained within the cavity. A heater increases a temperature of associated air within the cavity and a fan circulates the heated air within the cavity. A vent is dimensioned to allow air to exit the housing cavity, and a controller regulates circulation of the associated heated air within the cavity.

Abstract: A restriction sensor system for identifying the existence of blockages in exhaust conduits of clothes dryers. The restriction sensor system may be used as a retrofit system that is capable of being installed on existing clothes dryers. The restriction sensor system may include a fitting configured to be coupled to an exhaust conduit of a clothes dryer and a blockage indicator housing positioned remote from a clothes dryer. The pressure sensing device may be capable of determining changes in air pressure in the exhaust conduit. Once the air pressure present in the exhaust conduit exceeds a threshold air pressure, the pressure sensing device may send a signal to an indicator to generate an alarm, which may be a visual alarm or audible alarm, or both.

Abstract: An article of footwear includes a sole assembly defining a base support plane. The sole assembly also includes a cushioning assembly with a first end and a second end. The cushioning assembly includes a first cushioning member and a second cushioning member. The first cushioning member includes a first overlapping surface, and the second cushioning member includes a second overlapping surface. The first and second overlapping surfaces overlap each other over the base support plane and each slopes at a positive acute angle relative to the base support plane. The first cushioning member is thicker than the second cushioning member adjacent the first end of the cushioning assembly, and the second cushioning member is thicker than the first cushioning member adjacent the second end of the cushioning assembly. The first cushioning member has a resistance to resilient deformation less than that of the second cushioning member.

Abstract: A waterproof and vapor-permeable shoe, comprising a sole, provided with a vapor permeation region, an assembly insole, which is covered, toward the sole, by at least one first gasket made of waterproof material, which has at least one vapor-permeable or perforated portion above the vapor permeation region, which, once assembled, covers an upper shoe assembly, which comprises at least one vapor-permeable lining, a vapor-permeable upper, and a waterproof and vapor-permeable upper membrane that is between them, the upper shoe assembly being associated with the assembly insole, and at least one second gasket, which adheres so to form a waterproof seal to the first gasket and is glued to the lower edge of the upper, the second gasket forming a waterproof sealing region of the upper shoe assembly and the first gasket to the sole.

Abstract: An article of footwear including an upper and a sole assembly secured to the upper and including a support assembly having an upper member and a lower member spaced from the upper member. first layer is positioned beneath and in contact with the upper member and has a wave shaped profile with a plurality of first wave crests and first wave troughs. A second layer is positioned above the lower member and has a wave shaped profile with a plurality of second wave crests and second wave troughs.

Abstract: An article of footwear may have an upper and a sole structure secured to the upper. The upper includes a base layer, a plurality of strand segments, and a deposition layer. The a base layer has a first surface and an opposite second surface. The strand segments are located adjacent to the first surface and extend substantially parallel to the first surface for a distance of at least five centimeters. The deposition layer is deposited upon the first surface and the strand segments, and the deposition layer is joined with the first surface and the strand segments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to orthotic devices and footwear. In particular, the present invention relates to orthotic devices comprising a wedge configured to be placed beneath a forefoot.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture and articles of wear may include one or more retractable traction elements. A plurality of the retractable traction elements may be interconnected by a base member and may form an insert. Each of the retractable traction elements may include an extension inducing element and a ground (or other surface) contacting element. The extension inducing element may flex in response to an applied force and may cause the ground or other surface contacting element to extend and engage an underlying surface.

Abstract: An articulating footwear sole is provided. The articulating footwear sole includes a midsole having a recess a first plate having a first end interlocking with a second end of a second plate, the first and second plates positioned within the plate recess and held in place free of adhesive. In another embodiment, the sole includes a midsole having a recess, a first plate including a first end, and a second plate including a second end, the first end configured to moveably overlap with the second end, the first and second plates positioned in the recess. Still other examples are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a heel (1) for a shoe (2) including a butt-end (3) securable to a shoe and a base (7) providing a heel tip (8) at its free end. The base is movable in relation to the butt-end, with the base and butt-end connected through telescopic components (9). A cooperating sleeve (11) within the heel is provided with a keyway profiled to fit over a key (14) on the end of a pin (12) when the keyway and key are aligned. The sleeve and pin are configured to hold the heel in a retracted condition when the pin is in the sleeve and to hold the heel in an extended condition when the pin is withdrawn from the sleeve. The invention further provides a mechanism to rotate the pin with its key and the sleeve with its keyway, into alignment to enable movement of the heel between the retracted and extended conditions.

Abstract: A snow removal device has a body, a shovel connected to the body and positioned at a lower end of the body, a snow catcher connected to the body, and one or more motive elements. The snow catcher is positioned behind the shovel such that when the shovel is tilted back, loose material in the shovel falls into the snow catcher. When the body is tilted back, the shovel also tilts back. The body acts as a lever arm on the shovel, allowing heavy loads to be tilted back with minimal force. A foot pedal facilitates pushing the shovel into loose material. The angle between the body and shovel is 120 degrees. The body is collapsible. The snow catcher has an outer lip and the shovel has sidewalls for retaining loose material. One or more of the motive elements serves as a pivot point for the snow removal device.

Abstract: A hydraulic system and earth-moving vehicle employing the hydraulic system are disclosed. The hydraulic system may include a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, first and second hydraulic pumps and control valves to modulate provision of hydraulic fluid and pressure from the first and second hydraulic pumps to the first and second hydraulic cylinders as appropriate for the task being performed. If the task is digging with the earth moving vehicle, the first and second cylinders may be associated with tilting and lifting, respectively, and the control valves may be oriented so as to make each pump dedicated to one of the cylinders, and if demand is not being met, to then diminish power to the drivetrain to allow the tilting and lifting to be performed. The combiner may or may not be open during this time. If the task is not digging, a combiner valve can be opened to allow for cross-flow between the pumps and the cylinders.

Abstract: A tool control system for a scraper is disclosed. The tool control system may have a tool, a first tool actuator configured to move the tool, and a first sensor configured to detect a position parameter of at least one of the tool and the first tool actuator and to generate a corresponding first signal. The tool control system may also have a tool member operatively connected to the tool, a second tool actuator connectable to the tool member in a plurality of configurations to move the tool member, and a second sensor configured to detect a position parameter of at least one of the tool member and the second tool actuator and to generate a corresponding second signal. The tool control system may further have a controller configured to make a comparison of the first and second signals, and to determine a current connection configuration based on the comparison.

Abstract: A connector pin assembly is insertable into aligned openings in telescoped ground engaging wear and support members to releasably hold the wear member on the support member. The assembly has a tubular outer housing that is nonrotatably received in the openings. A connector pin longitudinally extends through the housing and is rotatable relative thereto among selectively variable rotational orientations in which the pin is releasably locked to the housing by cooperative detent structures carried by the housing and the pin. Outer end portions of the pin perform two functions which are controlled by rotating the pin relative to the housing. First, outer pin member end portions are rotatable to selectively hold the wear member on the support member or release it therefrom. Second, the outer pin end portions are rotatable to adjustably tighten the wear member onto the support member.

Abstract: The interactive flap sensor activated greeting card of the present invention contains an audio module and a series of “window flaps” across the inside of the greeting card. When the greeting card is opened, a short audio prompt instructs the user to open a series of flaps inside the card to hear further audio messages or sound clips that correlate with the art work inside the card. When each flap is opened, a different audio file is played. The sound module is programmed to react to the card opening and then to trigger additional individual sounds each time one of the flaps of the card is opened. In another embodiment, the greeting card contains a series of flaps wherein opening one flap reveals another flap, and so on. Once the last flap is opened, a short audio recording is activated.

Abstract: A dioramic apparatus includes a vessel having an inferior portion and a superior portion. The vessel includes a shell and defines an interior space. The interior space is partially filled by a liquid medium. At least one dioramic scene is disposed in the interior space. A reservoir is in fluid communication with the interior space. The reservoir includes a flow plate defining at least one liquid intake and at least one liquid output port. The at least one liquid intake is configured and arranged for receiving at least a portion of the liquid medium from the interior space when the dioramic apparatus is at least partially inverted. The at least one liquid output port is configured and arranged to output at least a portion of the liquid medium from the reservoir when the vessel is placed in an upright position.

Abstract: An illuminated signage system having a printed surface and at least one electroluminescent element embedded within the printed surface and a substrate layer or coupled between the printed surface and the substrate layer, and a rigid backing substrate. Also, an illuminated signage system having a non-opaque material with an etched portion that diffuses light from a light source adjacent to the non-opaque material and a printed layer having indicia visible through the non-opaque material. Also, a method of forming an illuminated signage system, the method including providing a printed surface, coupling the printed surface to a substrate layer, and embedding an electroluminescent element through the printed surface and into at least the substrate layer.

Abstract: A lighting device configured for projecting a unique lighting to illuminate letters, figures and shapes displayed on the top of the device is disclosed. The letter and figures are interchangeable and maybe customized to individual tastes and interests. The lighting device comprises a chamber containing a light source and a plurality of reflector strips disposed in the inner portion of the chamber. The letters and figures are inserted into a longitudinal aperture at the top of the chamber and snapped onto a lip that protrudes from an aperture wall. An inclined reflector strip comprising of a plurality of flat portions and angled portions directs the light toward the bottom and sides of the letters and figures that permeates through the substantially transparent material the letters and figures comprise to produce the unique lighting effect. Alternatively, angled reflector tabs are used in lieu of the inclined reflector strip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an announcement device that incorporates a set of indicia that incorporates raised, custom graphics and text having a generally metallic appearance with a satin, a polished, or a highly polished surface finish. The set of indicia includes an adhesive backing for mounting onto paper, cardstock, and solid materials like Plexiglas®, wood, stone, and metal. The raised, metallic graphics provide a vivid visual image of reflected metal, and the difference in height between the raised metallic graphics and the mounting surface provide a unique tactile characteristic without the use of typical embossing, debossing, or foil application techniques. The set of indicia can include pictorial graphics, text, images, communicating marks, or illustrative marks that communicate information related to events like weddings, social events, religious events, business applications, or family events.

Abstract: A firearm having a stock and barrel attached to a receiver. Located within the receiver is an enhanced service life bolt. The enhanced service life bolt has a plurality of lugs. At least one lug has a reduced height that is shorter than the height of the other lugs. The enhanced service life bolt defines an extractor slot and the at least one reduced height lug is located adjacent to the extractor slot. The at least one reduced height lug is approximately twenty percent (20%) shorter than the other lugs. The enhanced service life bolt is constructed from a maraging stainless steel, such as 158 Carpenter Stainless Steel.

Abstract: A butt stock conversion kit for converting a bolt-action rifle stock, where the butt stock conversion kit includes: an assault type stock, where the assault type stock includes a threaded end and an adjusting bolt; a bushing, where the bushing connects the butt stock to a receiving section of a bolt-action rifle; a grip plate where the grip plate receives a hand grip and the grip plate is positioned behind the trigger guard of the rifle; and a means to secure the grip plate on to the receiving section of the rifle. The means to secure the grip plate includes at least one bolt connecting the plate to the rifle. The receiving section of the rifle may include a threaded end to attach the bushing thereto. The rifle includes a cavity to receive the grip plate. The hand grip may also include an opening to receive the grip plate.

Abstract: A firearm handgrip can be modified to accept an ergonomic insert that changes the palm relief of a firearm. The palm relief is the handgrip profile that a shooter feels against the palm of the hand when holding the firearm. The ergonomic insert can be releasable from the handgrip, perhaps by unpinning, such that other inserts can be inserted. As such, a person can try a variety of ergonomic inserts until the best insert for that particular person is determined. For certain semiautomatic pistols, cutting away a back portion of the handgrip produces the socket portion of a dovetail joint. An insert having a properly sized dovetail can slide into the socket and be held there. In this manner, a family of ergonomic inserts and a machining service can be offered to thereby provide firearms having interchangeable ergonomic inserts and thereby a customized and ergonomic grip.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to the field of weapon accessories, and, more specifically, to modular, electrically powered weapon accessories. Various embodiments include powered modular vertical foregrips that may serve as platforms for multiple firearms accessories, such as modular laser and/or LED lighting and/or sighting systems, radiofrequency receiver and/or transmitter systems, and/or other powered accessories. Various embodiments may be adapted to couple to a mounting rail, such as a Picatinny or Weaver rail, and particular embodiments may be adapted to couple to a lower hand guard quad-rail of an M4 or other small arms weapon. Systems in accordance with various embodiments may provide a platform that may consolidate multiple accessory devices and functions into a single ergonomic and compact unit.

Abstract: Devices for connecting tubular bodies, such as rifle scopes and flashlights, to armament are disclosed herein. In a first preferred embodiment, the device has a screw and spring combination that is quickly detachable and is adjustable along scope axis. In a second preferred embodiment, the device has a riser portion that extends the cylindrical body out according to desires of a user. In yet another preferred embodiment, the device is modified to engage a sling swivel hole typically provided for a rifle shoulder strap. All embodiments further comprise aluminum alloy with black anodized coating.

Abstract: A device for mitigating parallax in a reflex sight. The reflex sight having a front portion for receiving light and a rear portion for providing a visual of a target to a user. The parallax mitigation device defines a reticle positioned in an optical path of the reflex sight. The reticle is configured to indicate a center of the visual provided to the user.

Abstract: A method of creating a surface coating composition comprising the steps of: creating a mathematical model of a vision system of an animal, measuring a set of spectral characteristics from a surface of a first object, entering the set of spectral characteristics as an input into the mathematical model, using an output of the mathematical model to iteratively create the surface coating composition, wherein the surface coating composition is a metamer to the animal, wherein the surface coating composition can be applied to a surface of a second object for the purpose of making the second object look like the first object to the vision system of the animal.

Abstract: A fishing lure for receiving a bait fish comprises a mounting body and a fixing means (3) for fixing a bait fish to the mounting body. The mounting body comprising a support rod (5) for inserting into the mouth of a bait fish to support the mounted bait fish and a retaining means (4, 7) disposed on the support rod (5) for abutting a head portion of the bait fish. The mounting body is adapted not to conceal, in use, eyes of a bait fish mounted on the mounting body.

Abstract: A lure retriever for retrieving a snagged fishing lure attached to a fishing line includes a hollow central body member having a first threaded end and a second end, and a longitudinal slot extending through part of the central body member, at least one chain member connected to the central body member, and a first end cap having a complementary threaded surface to enable threaded connection to said first threaded end and having a longitudinal slot extending at least through part of the first end cap and wherein when the first cap is connected to the first threaded end the slots can be both positioned in alignment to permit line passage therethrough and nonalignment to prevent line passage therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fishing lures equipped with one or more light sources interacting and/or interfacing with one or more light transmission mediums. The light transmission medium acts to illuminate one or more areas proximate to the fishing lure to provide a natural luminance or iridescence. The light transmission medium can be made from a flexible translucent hot melt thermoplastic material extruded into a polymer lens and can be located on an outer surface of a body of the fishing lure or inside the body of the fishing lure. The light transmission medium can also be provided in the form of a soft flexible component made from Plastisol or other similar translucent materials. The light source can be embedded in or located proximate to the light transmission medium to amplify, intensify, and/or disperse light along the light transmission medium to provide a natural looking luminescence to the fishing lure.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a fishing rod holder having a generally annular mounting bezel which generally surrounds the mouth of a tube for receiving the butt of a fishing rod. The underside of the mounting bezel includes at least one blind hole or projecting mounting stud for receiving a fastener for mounting the rod holder without penetrating the exposed surface of the mounting bezel, providing an aesthetically pleasing appearance. A rod engaging member or pin engages groove sin the butt of a rod, allowing it to swivel. The amount of resistance of the rod engaging member or pin to swivel motion can be adjusted.

Abstract: This improvement to the standard reel clamp for a fishing reel is manufactured with nuts that are self-contained with the aid of a collar on each end of the nut. The collars keep the nuts from being lost during the process of storage and ease the installation of reels on the fishing rod. The nuts can be loosened to remove and attach fishing reels, but because the flanges at the ends of the nuts are larger than the nuts themselves, they will not fall out of or get lost from the reel clamp.

Abstract: A fishing reel housing for attachment to a rod along a longitudinal rod axis. The housing has a shaft for accepting a central bore of a line dispensing spool and an adjustment mechanism for selectively adjusting the shaft in position transversely away from the rod axis while maintaining its position along the rod axis. A fishing reel comprises the reel housing with a spool with a central bore mounted thereon. A fishing apparatus comprises at least one rod having a mount to support a fishing reel thereon with the reel mounted on thereon. A kit comprises the reel housing and at least one line dispensing spool having a central bore for mounting on the shaft of the fishing reel housing and may comprise one or more rods, lines and/or lures.

Abstract: One example embodiment includes a fishing apparatus. The fishing apparatus includes a connector and a first finger, where the first finger is connected to the connector and where the first finger is configured to connect to a first fishing lure. The fishing apparatus also includes a second finger, where the second finger is connected to the connector and where the second finger is configured to connect to a second fishing lure.

Abstract: A directional guide for a fishing lure includes a guide body having a first guide body section and a second guide body section generally complementary in size and shape to the first guide body section, the first guide body section and the second guide body section adapted for attachment to a fishing line; and at least one beveled guide body end on the guide body.

Abstract: The best results are produced by approaching the insect 13 with the open end of inner tube 10B of the apparatus pointing towards the insect 13, from a distance which does not frighten the insect into flying or crawling away, such that the positive airflow indicated by the arrows A approach the surface 12 on which the insect 13 rests. In the same movement the open end of inner tube 10B is brought closer and closer to the insect 13, thus increasing the positive air-pressure on insect 13. The insect 13 that is pinned to the surface 12 on which it has rested due to the positive air-pressure indicated by the arrows A, is then vacuumed into inner tube 10B, due to the vacuum effect of the negative air-pressure indicated by the arrows B.

Abstract: Light-based fly repellents may refract light and disturb the optical perception of houseflies. Light may be refracted and the optical perception of houseflies may be disturbed through use of a clear or lightly color-tinted liquid enclosed in a sealed clear or lightly color-tinted body housed in a frame. When natural light (such as sunlight) or light available from other sources (such as a lamp or porch light) is placed in contact with the repellent, houseflies may be influenced not to aggregate around the area where the repellent may be positioned.

Abstract: A 3D insect device is described which comprises a preferably water-resistant body that can assume a folded position and then unfolded to expand into a true 3-dimensional structure with one or more elements to either attract or repel flying nuisance and pest insects like flies, mosquitoes, moths, beetles etc or to attract beneficial insects. The structure preferably simulates comparable shape, size and color as occurring in nature, having significant effects on the instincts of the target insects. The 3D device shape is supplemented with one or more of insect attractant colors, tacky agents, food attractants, pheromones, fragrances and aromas, insecticides, and repellents. Water-resistant, preferably biodegradable materials permit both indoor and outdoor use. The device design significantly improves convenience of use while reducing unintended contact of non-targets such as users, children, pets or wildlife with the contact surfaces.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling one or more types of pests include the use of one or more freestanding pesticidal baits positioned at a location below and/or adjacent to one or more foundation elements of a building structure. In one form, the pesticidal baits are formed by a compressed mixture of a pesticide and a bait material that is palatable to one or more types of pests. In another form however, the pesticidal baits are formed by an extruded mixture of a pesticide and a bait material that is palatable to one or more types of pests. In a further aspect of these forms, the bait material is palatable to one or more wood-destroying pest species such as termites. However, other embodiments, forms and applications are also envisioned.

Abstract: A method of producing an upgraded bio-oil from a wet biomass that includes heating the wet biomass at a first temperature and a first pressure for a time period ranging from 10 to 200 minutes to form a crude bio-oil. The first temperature ranges from 200 to 400° C. and the first pressure ranges from 0.1 to 25 MPa, with the proviso that at least a portion of the water present in the wet biomass remains in a liquid phase throughout the step of heating to form the crude bio-oil, and the first temperature and pressure are below super-critical conditions for water. The method also includes heating the crude bio-oil and the water at a second temperature and a second pressure to form the upgraded bio-oil. Some water remains in the liquid phase or in a super-critical fluid phase throughout the step of heating to form the upgraded bio-oil.

Abstract: A low-carbon high-hydrogen fuel: which comprises a combination of additives, base oil, diesel fuel.

Abstract: A method of making biofuels and valuable food and neutraceutical products includes dewatering intact algal cells to make an algal biomass, extracting neutral lipids along with carotenoids and chlorophylls from the algal biomass, and separating the carotenoids and chlorophylls. The remaining neutral lipids are esterified with a catalyst in the presence of an alcohol. The method also includes separating a water soluble fraction comprising glycerin from a water insoluble fraction comprising fuel esters and distilling the fuel esters under vacuum to obtain a C16 or shorter fuel esters fraction, a C16 or longer fuel ester fraction, and a residue comprising omega-3 fatty acids esters and remaining carotenoids. The method further includes hydrogenating and deoxygenating at least one of (i) the C16 or shorter fuel esters to obtain a jet fuel blend stock and (ii) the C16 or longer fuel esters to obtain a diesel blend stock.

Abstract: Compositions containing phenolic antioxidant solutions are provided. The invention further provides methods of making and using such compositions as well as compositions that contain both biodiesel and at least one antioxidant concentrate solutions and blended fuel compositions containing biodiesel blended with other fuels.

Abstract: Processes of converting to feedstocks comprising hydrocarbons to compositions comprising light hydrocarbon products are described herein. Also described are processes and methods of producing and refining compositions comprising terpenes from biomass that can be suitable as a fuel product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a mulching sheet which easy to biodegrade and can be produced at a low cost. A cotton waste sheet is prepared with randomly accumulated cotton waste and impurities selected from a group consisting of cottonseeds, stems, leaves and calyxes of cotton tree. Water is sprayed to the cotton waste sheet. Thereafter, the cotton waste sheet is passed between a pair of calender rolls each taking a form of a japanese drum, while being heated, to press the cotton waste sheet in the thickness direction. The cotton waste is thereby closed, and the obtained mulching sheet has a high tensile strength. Furthermore, the impurities in the cotton waste sheet are crushed or flatted. The mulching sheet is a mixture of parts made of flatted impurities and parts made of cotton waste.

Abstract: A framework to horizontally support plants for exposing a greater surface area of the plant to required nutrients, such as sunlight. The framework includes a vertical structure having a lower end and an upper end, the lower end being inserted within the ground adjacent a plant, the upper end adapted to extend above the ground, and a horizontal structure that horizontally extends from the upper end of the vertical structure. The horizontal structure generally comprises a plurality of hollow-shaped supports horizontally spaced from each other and connected via connecting supports, all of which are generally comprised of a wire structure and all of which are substantially located within a common horizontal plane. The plant generally grows through the innermost hollow support and a plurality of fasteners that may extend from the horizontal structure retain an end portion of the plant in a horizontal orientation along the horizontal structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of tandem cropping for increased production of up to 40% in wheat and mustard crops using varieties with phenological plasticity and temperature tolerance traits. The cereal bread wheat and oil seed mustard are traditional winter season (Rabi) crops in north India/Indo-Gangetic plains. This area experiences receding levels of warm weather and long days in September, October and November, progressive increase and then decrease of cold conditions and short days between November and March and onset of warm weather turning into summer and relatively longer days in March and April. Conventionally a seasonal crop of wheat or mustard or wheat followed by mustard or vice versa could be taken in the winter Rabi season of Indo-Gangetic plains to increase the production of these commodities.

Abstract: A garden planting aid including a biodegradable ground cover having a plurality of grid spaces formed by spaced horizontal and vertical lines. A first measure tape having a plurality of first indicia; a second measure tape having a plurality of second indicia. The first indicia are associated with columns of grid spaces and the second indicia are associated with rows of grid spaces such that each grid space has a unique designation that includes a first and second indicia. The aid includes a plan designating garden objects that can be placed at the unique designation.