Abstract: The application discloses a multi-chamber, multi-formulation fluid delivery system, comprising a multi-chamber applicator in fluid communication with multi-chamber packaging. Applicators according to the instant disclosure have reduced squeeze-strength requirements, and are useful for dispensing fluids, including medicaments, to animals, including livestock animals. The multi-chamber packaging provides separate storage for formulations containing incompatible active ingredients, and is suitable for use with the multi-chamber applicator. The application also discloses methods for using the system to simultaneously deliver multiple active ingredients, at least some of which are not suitable for co-formulation, thus reducing the time, economic burden and animal stress involved with applying multiple, separate formulations to animals.

Abstract: A pet toy to aid a pet in developing retrieval skills comprising a first member at least partially encapsulated within a second member; wherein the first member is formed of a first member polymer composition having a density less than 1.0 gram/cubic centimeter; wherein the second member is formed of a second member polymer composition having a density greater than 1.0 gram/cubic centimeter; wherein the first member and the second member are provided at a weight ratio such that the pet toy floats when placed in water; and wherein the second member weighs down a second end of the pet toy in water such that a first end of the pet toy rises above the second end of the pet toy.

Abstract: A puzzle pet toy and treat dispenser comprising of a housing, a lid, an inner chamber, a drum aperture, a motor assembly, and an external chamber. The inner chamber is divided by a plurality of vertical radial walls, creating a plurality of containers formed by the inner surface of the vertical radial walls, a plurality of tangential walls parallel to the vertical surface of the drum aperture, the inner surface of the drum aperture, and the lid. The plurality of containers hold non-liquid pet treats, and an opening on the drum aperture aligned vertically with the tangential walls allows the pet treat on a given container to be released into the external chamber, where said treats can be dispensed outside of the pet toy and treat dispenser during play. A motor assembly rotates the drum aperture to the next opening, creating a revolver action to dispense the contents of the next chamber.

Abstract: A pet toy comprising: an elongated member in the form of a bone, the elongated member comprising a first member and a second member, wherein the first member and the second member each have a front side and are arranged juxtaposed to one another with the front sides facing in opposite directions; wherein the first member comprises a transparent first member decorative sheet, wherein the first member decorative sheet is located between a first member outer shell and a first member inner lining; and wherein the second member comprises a transparent second member decorative sheet, wherein the second member decorative sheet is located between a second member outer shell and a second member inner lining.

Abstract: An insect repellent device having a top section and a bottom section can be attached via a fastening mechanism near the facial area of a user. The top section and the bottom section are rotatably joined to form a single unit and an insect repellent compound is contained internally. A plurality of slits in each of the top section and the bottom section enable air to pass through the device. In some embodiments, an insect repellent compound is employed to repel insects and the like from the user's proximity. In other embodiments, sound waves are emitted by a sound emitting device to drive away unwanted pests.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method for preventing an animal being managed by a human from approaching a certain area using image recognition technology. This system includes an apparatus put on the animal, and a marker having either a preset color or a preset shape or both and installed in the certain area. The apparatus put on the animal includes a camera to capture a ground surface image of a movement path of the animal, a stimulus applying means to apply a stimulus to the animal, a memory to store an image of the marker, and a control unit, and operates the stimulus applying means to apply a stimulus to the animal when an image matched with the image of the marker stored in the memory is recognized in the image captured by the camera as the animal moves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a leash housing having elements and features permitting a variety of devices and objects to be readily attached to and removed from the housing. The elements and features of the housing do not limit when additional devices and objects can be used with the housing. The leash housing has integrated elements and features as well. Some embodiments of the present invention include one or more leashes combined with one or more housings.

Abstract: An exchanger for a tank is described herein. The exchanger may be relied upon in a trailer tank, for example, or any other type of tank that stores fluid. The exchanger includes an inlet, a central fluid conduit, one or more exchanger extension arms having fluid apertures that direct fluid into a tank at various locations, and one or more supports that support the central fluid conduit and the exchanger extension arms. The fluid apertures may be positioned relatively evenly across the exchanger extension arms and/or the central conduit to direct fluid up or at various directions into the tank. Thus, fluid pumped into the inlet of the exchanger may flow through the central conduit, into the exchanger extension arms, and out through the fluid apertures at various locations into the tank. As such, heated fluid, for example, may be more evenly and quickly distributed into the tank.

Abstract: A method of fabricating boiler water walls that includes the steps of forming a subpanel formed of at least one fin and one tube by laser arc welding the at least one fin to the one tube and then laser arc welding a predetermined plurality of subpanels together in a two-dimensional plane by laser arc welding an additional joining element between respective subpanels to form the water wall.

Abstract: A steam assisted ring style desuperheater includes a ring body defining an axial flow path and one or more spray nozzles extending through a wall of the ring body. Each of the nozzles is connected to a separate cooling water manifold and atomizing steam manifold to conduct cooling water and atomizing steam separate from each other through the spray nozzle to an injection point. An atomizing head of each nozzle combines the cooling water and atomizing steam to form a spraywater cloud that is injected radially into the axial flow path. The spray nozzles include one or more flow passage inserts that define separate first and second fluid flow paths for conducting the cooling water and the atomizing steam separately through the spray nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) provides flame-less heat utilizing electric heaters (90) receiving electricity from a generator (22) powered by an engine (20) of a self-contained trailer including a base (12) in the form of a fuel tank. An exhaust heat reclaimer (56, 156) is located in an elevated portion (32) of a manifold (30) further including a vertical portion (42) in front of the engine (20). A centrifugal impeller (80) in a T interconnection draws air from the vertical portion (42) through a radiator (50) of the engine (20) and into first and second pressure blowers (76) which force air through the heaters (90) and transitions (92, 94) to exit ducts (96). Exhaust fumes of the engine (20) pass through the exhaust heat reclaimer (56, 156) acting as a heat exchanger to the air flowing through the manifold (30).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for reducing the generation and transmission of objectionable noise from an aspirator to a vehicle cabin during vacuum production. During selected conditions, motive flow through an intake aspirator may cause a hissing noise to be produced at the aspirator, and transmitted through an open check valve in a bypass path between the aspirator and a vacuum reservoir, into a vehicle cabin. During these conditions, an aspirator shut-off valve is closed to reduce motive flow through the aspirator, thereby reducing the hissing noise.

Abstract: A flow restrictor 50 for use in a cooling system of an internal engine comprises a housing 29 enclosing an elongate body, a number of alternating first and second circumferentially extending passages formed in the elongate body. Each first passage is separated from a respective adjacent second passage by a respective land and at least one transfer passage extending across each land so as to connect the first and second passages on each side of the land and provide a significant loss in fluid momentum.

Abstract: An oil passage structure of a dry sump engine includes an oil recovery passage, at least one first communicating hole, and a first oil suction passage. The oil recovery passage extends in a direction in which a cylinder bank extends and is disposed so that at least part of the oil recovery passage is located outward of an external lower end portion of a valve gear chamber of a cylinder head along a junction between a side wall portion of the cylinder head and a bottom surface of the valve gear chamber in a state where the dry sump engine is mounted on a vehicle in an inclined manner. The at least one first communicating hole is provided in the side wall portion so as to connect the valve gear chamber of the cylinder head and the oil recovery passage.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method can include receiving a contact point path between a rocker arm pad and a valve tip. The method can include adjusting the contact point path to obtain a modified contact point path that satisfies a design objective of decreased valve tip wear or decreased valve tick. The method can include determining and outputting a custom contour for the rocker arm pad and the camshaft lobe based on the modified contact point path. The custom contoured camshaft lobe can companion with the custom contoured rocker arm pad to produce the modified contact point path for the specified design objective.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve timing device is provided and includes a cam sprocket connected with a camshaft having a plurality of cams to rotate the camshaft and an electric variable valve timing mechanism connected with the cam sprocket, and driven by an electric motor. A chain cover protects the cam sprocket and a chain system from foreign substances and an electric variable valve timing mechanism cover protects the electric variable valve timing mechanism from foreign substances. A seal ring partitions an internal space between the electric variable valve timing mechanism and the electric variable valve timing mechanism cover. In addition, a pressure maintaining device is mounted within the electric variable valve timing mechanism cover to maintain pressure formed within the internal space of the electric variable valve timing mechanism cover at about atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A holding structure of an oil control valve includes an oil control valve, a cam holder, and a head cover. A valve portion is provided on a second end side of the oil control valve opposite to a first end side in a longitudinal direction. The valve portion is configured to switch oil passages by driving a solenoid portion and has a drain hole at a shaft end portion of the valve portion. The cam holder is attached to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and rotatably supports a camshaft of the internal combustion engine. A valve portion side of the oil control valve is embedded in the cam holder and supported by the cam holder. An axis of the oil control valve in the longitudinal direction is oriented towards the camshaft. The head cover is provided on an upper portion of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A rocker arm has a first roller for engaging a first rotatable cam surface, whereby at least part of the rocker arm can be pivoted by at least the first rotatable cam surface to move a valve to cause a first valve event, and a further roller for engaging a further rotatable cam surface, whereby at least part of the rocker arm can be pivoted by the further rotatable cam surface to move the valve to cause a second valve event which is different from the first valve event. The rocker arm is configurable in a first mode of operation in which one of the first and second valve events occur and a second mode of operation in which both the first and second valve events occur or the other of the first and second valve events occur.

Abstract: An engine control valve includes a flap pivotally mounted on an axis separating the said flap into a first part and a second part that are joined together at an interface plane defining a planar shoulder, the flap being capable of occupying a closed position in order to interrupt the passage of the gases, and for which purpose the first part interacts with a first portion of a joint and the second part interacts with a second portion of this joint, the joint being integral with the internal structure of the valve. A valve is characterized mainly by the first part of the flap has an overhang that arises on the shoulder and extends parallel to the second part of the flap.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising a piston head and a piston skirt, the piston head having a peripheral annular part and in the region of the annular part, a peripheral cooling channel. The piston skirt comprises piston bores provided with hub bores, which are arranged over the hub connections on the underside of the piston head. The piston hubs are interconnected over the running surfaces. According to the invention, the wall of the cooling channel which extends in the region of the annular part comprises an inclined portion and together with the central axis of the piston (M), forms an acute angle (a). At least one bore which is closed towards the outside is arranged between a running surface and a hub bore such that the at least one bore leads into the cooling channel, and that the cooling channel and the at least one bore contain a coolant in the form of a metal or a metal alloy which have a low-melting point.

Abstract: A piston arrangement comprising: a piston, a first chamber, a second chamber and a power transfer assembly; wherein the piston comprises a first head movable within the first chamber and a second head movable within the second chamber; wherein, in operation, the piston follows a linear path in reciprocating motion along a first axis; wherein the power transfer assembly comprises a shaft rotatably coupled to a shuttle bearing and arranged to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion of the shaft; wherein the shuttle bearing moves relative to the piston in reciprocating motion along a second axis substantially transverse to the first axis; and wherein the shuttle bearing is coupled to the piston via a non-planar bearing surface thereby allowing rotation of the shuttle bearing.

Abstract: A sliding component for an internal combustion engine includes: a sliding component main body that includes a plurality of concave portions formed in a predetermined portion thereof; and a coating layer that covers a portion of the sliding component main body, in which the plurality of concave portions are not formed.

Abstract: A rotary engine includes a casing having a first circular boring and a second circular boring smaller than the first circular boring. The first circular boring interconnects with the second circular boring. A piston rotor can move in a rotating manner within the first circular boring in the casing. A power head, ported to pass exhaust gases through a hollow center shaft, can move in a rotating manner within the second circular boring in the casing. The piston rotor and the power head can be coupled via a gear system to properly rotate during operation, with the piston rotor rotating counterclockwise and the power head rotating clockwise, or vice versa.

Abstract: An engine configuration that uses multiple opposing piston pairs to form respective expansion chambers for expanding a gas within to move the pistons to drive a main shaft. The engine can be configured to operate as an internal combustion engine that uses diesel fuel, gasoline, or natural gas, or it can be configured as an expander to convert high pressure high temperature gas to rotary power. The pistons may be mounted on the circumference of one or more disks. For any given set of choices of numbers of pistons and sizes of pistons, disks, and gears, there are disclosed dimensional constraints useful for more efficient functioning of the engine. This engine can be provided with a compact design which results in high power to weight ratios.

Abstract: An internally cooled internal combustion piston engine and method of operating a piston engine is provided, with the combination of liquid water injection, higher compression ratios than conventional engines, and leaner air fuel mixtures than conventional engines. The effective compression ratio of the engines herein is greater than 13:1. The engines may employ gasoline or natural gas and use spark ignition, or the engines may employ a diesel-type fuel and use compression ignition. The liquid water injection provides internal cooling, reducing or eliminating the heat rejection to the radiator, reduces engine knock, and reduces NOx emissions. The method of engine operation using internal cooling with liquid water injection, high compression ratio and lean air fuel mixture allow for more complete and efficient combustion and therefore better thermal efficiency as compared to conventional engines.

Abstract: Auxiliary chamber type internal combustion engine has a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary chamber having an injection port through which the main combustion chamber communicates. The auxiliary chamber has a passage sectional area which is smoothly decreased toward the injection port. Further, the engine has a fuel injector injecting a fuel into the auxiliary chamber; an ignition plug igniting the fuel in the auxiliary chamber; and a swirl generating portion swirling a gas in the auxiliary chamber. The swirl generating portion swirls only the gas flowing into the auxiliary chamber from the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body having an outer cylindrical surface defining a longitudinal piston axis, a combustion face defining a compound combustion bowl, and a compound rim extending radially outward from the compound combustion bowl to the outer cylindrical surface. The compound combustion bowl includes a convex inner bowl surface defining a conical projection and a concave outer bowl surface. The compound rim includes a flat outer rim surface adjoining the outer cylindrical surface, and a convex inner rim surface adjoining the compound combustion bowl. The convex inner bowl surface transitions smoothly to the concave outer bowl surface, and the convex inner rim surface transitions abruptly to the concave outer bowl surface at an edge of the compound combustion bowl.

Abstract: A pile hammer includes a cylinder, a piston displaceably guided in the cylinder, and a striker displaceably guided in the cylinder. The striker is disposed underneath the piston in the operating position of the pile hammer. A combustion chamber is delimited axially by a face surface of the striker that lies in the interior of the cylinder and by a face surface of the piston. Using at least one fuel feed device a predetermined amount of fuel can be introduced into the combustion chamber during each working cycle. A primary fuel feed device is provided, which includes a primary fuel nozzle connected with a primary fuel tank having a fuel with great anti-knock properties. The primary fuel nozzle is structured as a high-pressure injection nozzle. An ignition oil feed device is also provided, which includes an ignition oil nozzle connected with an ignition oil tank having an ignition oil. The ignition oil nozzle is structured as a low-pressure injection nozzle. A method operates such a pile hammer.

Abstract: An engine having two or more fuel injectors is disclosed, where at least one of the injectors is used to port fuel inject fuel into the cylinder when the air intake valve is open. The open valve port fuel injector is used to inject a fuel that has alcohol as a constituent and is the same fuel injected by another fuel injector. In other embodiments, the open valve fuel injector is used to inject an anti-knock fuel containing alcohol while a primary fuel, is introduced by another injector. The operation of the open valve fuel injector can be optimized to maximize the vaporization cooling. In other embodiments, the open valve fuel injector may be used in conjunction with direct injection of the primary fuel or the anti-knock fuel. Heavy EGR can be optimally used with the various embodiments.

Abstract: A method of controlling fuel injection in a dual fuel engine system includes determining, with a first controller, a diesel injection pulse indicative of a first amount of diesel fuel to be injected into a combustion chamber of the engine and a first timing at which the first amount of diesel fuel is to be injected. The method also includes determining, with a second controller, a combined injection pulse based on the diesel injection pulse. The method further includes injecting the second amount of diesel fuel and the third amount of natural gas into the combustion chamber in accordance with the combined injection pulse. In such a method, injection in accordance with the combined injection pulse results in a combustion event characterized by a second combustion characteristic substantially equal to a first combustion characteristic associated with the diesel injection pulse.

Abstract: A fresh air system for supplying combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine with fresh air may include a housing, through which at least one fresh air path passes, and a flap mechanism, which includes at least one flap adjustably mounted on the housing. The flap may be rotatably adjustable between a closed position, in which the flap closes off the fresh air path in a fluid-tight manner and an opened position, in which the flap opens the fresh air path for fresh air to flow through. The flap mechanism may include a spring-elastic preload element, which supports itself on the housing and preloads the flap against at least one of the opened position and the closed position.

Abstract: A method can include determining, at a controller for an engine, the controller having one or more processors, a desired air-per-cylinder (APC) for the engine based on an engine torque request. The method can include determining, at the controller, a target intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP) based on a volumetric efficiency of the engine for electronic throttle control (ETC), wherein the volumetric efficiency for ETC is based on the desired APC and an actual MAP. The method can include commanding, by the controller, a throttle of the engine to deliver the target MAP. The method can include determining, at the controller, a target position for an intake valve of the engine based on a volumetric efficiency of the engine for variable valve timing (VVT), engine speed, and the actual MAP. The method can also include commanding, by the controller, the intake valve to the target position.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an error count module and a sensor diagnostic module. The error count module increases an error count when an actual air/fuel ratio generated by an oxygen sensor monitoring an exhaust system of an engine is different than a desired air/fuel ratio. The error count module selectively adjusts a rate at which the error count is increased based on an ambient temperature. The sensor diagnostic module diagnoses a fault in the oxygen sensor when the error count is greater than a first predetermined count.

Abstract: A fuel supply system includes a fuel supply line, a fuel filter, a filter bypass line, a first differential pressure sensor, a second differential pressure sensor, and a filter bypass valve. The fuel filter is disposed in series in the fuel supply line to remove particulate from the fuel. The filter bypass line has a fuel inlet upstream of the fuel filter, and an outlet that is downstream of the fuel filter. The first differential pressure sensor continuously senses differential pressure across the fuel filter, and the second differential pressure sensor selectively senses differential pressure across the fuel filter. The filter bypass valve is movable between a first non-bypassing position and a second bypassing position and controls whether only the first differential pressure sensor or both the first and second differential pressure sensors sense the differential pressure across the fuel filter.

Abstract: A strategy to cold-start an opposed-piston engine includes, before injecting fuel, preventing air flow through the engine while cranking the engine to heat air retained in the engine, followed by controlling mass air flow through and fuel injection into a cylinder of the engine according to cold-start schedules so as to create and preserve heat for stable engine firing and transition to an idling state of operation.

Abstract: A coupling device for mechanically and hydraulically coupling a fuel injector to a fuel rail of a combustion engine is disclosed. The coupling device includes a fuel injector cup having a central longitudinal axis and extending from an inlet side for hydraulically coupling to the fuel rail and an outlet side for engaging a fuel inlet portion of the fuel injector, and a collar element coupled to the fuel injector cup. The collar element includes at least one leg portion having a bridge section and at least one branch section extending radially away from the fuel injector cup. The branch section(s) are arranged radially outwardly of the bridge section and project beyond the bridge section in both (b) a tangential direction perpendicular to the radial direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and (b) a longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is configured to operate in a homogeneous-charge compression-ignition combustion mode. A method for operating the internal combustion engine includes determining a desired effective charge dilution for a cylinder charge for a cylinder firing event. A desired air/fuel ratio, a desired intake air mass and a desired intake oxygen are determined to achieve the desired effective charge dilution for a combustion event. The desired air/fuel ratio is adjusted based upon a difference between the desired intake oxygen and the actual intake oxygen, and engine operation is controlled to achieve the adjusted desired air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel injection system includes detecting the pressure prevailing in a pressure accumulator using a fuel injection valve piezo actuator that includes, in addition to the active piezo region used to actuate the closing element, a passive piezo region that acts as a pressure sensor. Using this pressure sensor, the closing element force acting on the passive piezo region, and therefore the pressure prevailing in the pressure accumulator, can be determined.

Abstract: This internal combustion engine is provided with a variable compression ratio mechanism capable of changing a mechanical compression ratio by changing the volume of the combustion chamber at the top dead center. The pressure and temperature of remaining combusted gas within the combustion chamber at the time when the exhaust valve is closed in the intake stroke is measured or estimated, the pressure and temperature of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber after the exhaust valve is closed in the intake stroke is measured or estimated, and based on the assumption that the pressure and temperature of the remaining combusted gas which saturates the volume of the combustion chamber at the time when the exhaust valve is closed in the air intake stroke become, when the intake air is supplied to the combustion chamber, equal to the pressure and temperature of the intake air, the volume of the remaining combusted gas after the change is calculated.

Abstract: A calculation control circuit unit 110A is provided with a microprocessor 111, an auxiliary control circuit unit 190A, and a high-speed A/D converter 115 to which the detection signals of excitation currents for electromagnetic coils 81 through 84 are inputted; based on an valve-opening command signal generated by the microprocessor 111 and excitation-current setting information, the auxiliary control circuit unit 190A opening/closing-controls power supply control opening/closing devices by use of a numeral value comparator and a dedicated circuit unit, and monitors and stores at least one of the peak value of a rapid excitation current and a peak current reaching time; the microprocessor 111 performs correction control with reference to the monitoring storage data, and implements fuel injection control while reducing a rapid control load on the microprocessor 111.

Abstract: A method of controlling a solenoid valve of an automotive system, the valve being charged by a pulse width modulated signal (PWM) and determining an actuation of an automotive system component is provided. The method comprises the following: determining a target end of command of the valve as a function of a PWM state and a time interval from a last change of PWM state; monitoring a current value, a PWM phase period and the PWM state of a last pulse width modulated signal; and correcting in the next pulse width modulated signal at least one of said current value and PWM phase period, so that a next end of command of the valve will occur at the target end of command.

Abstract: A fuel injection device comprising electricity-generating means generating electricity by rotation of an engine and outputting a predetermined signal, and a solenoid valve injecting fuel; the valve being opened as a result of a drive current applied to a coil, and the fuel being injected into an intake passage of the engine at a predetermined timing during the rotation of the engine; to ensure that the flow rate required during high-speed operation ca be adequately provided in a fuel injection device for injecting/supplying fuel to an engine. The electricity-generating means is an alternating current generation means attached to the engine in a crank angle position at which an output is generated in synchronization with the intake timing of the engine; the signal is an injection command signal applied to the solenoid valve as an alternating-current drive current; and the applied voltage increases with increased engine speed.

Abstract: An EGR valve includes a housing formed with a passage, a valve seat provided in the passage, a valve element seatable on the valve seat, a valve stem provided with the valve element at an end, and an actuator for making stroke movement of the valve stem. The valve element is moved together with the valve stem with respect to the valve seat to change an open area of a measuring section, thereby changing an opening degree of the valve element, to adjust a flow rate of EGR gas in the passage. The EGR valve has high-resolution flow-rate characteristics in a low opening region of the valve element and large flow-rate characteristics in a high opening region. The valve element and the valve seat have predetermined shapes to cause the flow-rate characteristics in the low opening region to change in a curve without a step.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for determining degradation of an EGR cooler based on differential pressure across the EGR cooler during EGR flow. In one example, the differential pressure across the EGR cooler may be based on differential pressure across an EGR valve and a pressure downstream from the EGR valve with and without EGR flow. The pressure downstream from the EGR valve may be a compressor inlet pressure or an intake manifold pressure in a low pressure EGR system or high pressure EGR system, respectively.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for expediting purging of LP-EGR from an air intake system during conditions of decreasing engine load. During a tip-out, an EGR valve is closed while the engine is shifted to a VDE mode of operation to improve engine tolerance to EGR at lower engine loads and until the EGR is sufficiently purged. A non-VDE mode is resumed if higher engine loads are restored, else, a deceleration fuel shut-off mode is selected if the tip-out continues to zero load.

Abstract: An open-ended canister includes a blow-by intake port for receiving contaminated blow-by gases and a fuel vapor exhaust port for venting purified blow-by gases. The open end of the canister is fitted with a removable cover that can be clamped in place. The removable cover includes an oil drainage port for draining cleansed engine oil back to the crankcase of the engine. The canister contains a filtering assembly made of multiple layers of metal mesh of differing gauges. The metal mesh may include one type of metal or several types of metal.

Abstract: Method and system are disclosed for mixing and using different combustible fuels to run combustion engines such as gasoline, diesel, or turbo-charged engines of cars, trucks, boats, airplanes, and the like. In various embodiments the mixture components and their proportions may be different or may be manually, dynamically and/or automatically controlled and adjusted.

Abstract: A lubricating configuration in a two-stroke cycle, opposed-piston engine for a piston wristpin minimizes losses in oil pressure at the wristpin as the piston approaches bottom center and reduces the required oil supply pressure to the engine. The wristpin is constructed to absorb and store oil pressure energy when oil pressure at the wristpin is high, and to release that stored energy to pressurize the oil at the wristpin when connecting rod oil pressure is low.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust manifold that comprises an exhaust gas passage, an EGR passage, and a coolant passage. The exhaust gas passage extends fluidly between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet positioned downstream thereof. The EGR passage extends fluidly between an EGR inlet and an EGR outlet positioned downstream thereof. The EGR inlet is defined by the exhaust gas passage. A coolant passage extends fluidly between a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet positioned downstream thereof. The coolant passage overlaps the exhaust gas passage and the EGR passage. The exhaust gas passage is configured to cool the exhaust gas, and EGR passage is configured to cool the recirculated portion of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A crossbow comprising a body including a longitudinal axis is described, at least one limb affixed on a distal end of the body, the at least one limb being adapted to move between a distal relaxed position and a proximal tensed position for accumulating energy, a string mounted on respective transversal sides of the at least one limb in a substantially orthogonal direction in respect with the body for tensing the at least one limb when proximally longitudinally pulled away from the distal end and blocking the at least one limb in the tensed position for longitudinally propelling an arrow along the longitudinal axis in a distal direction when selectively released, and a stirrup disposed on the distal end of the body, the stirrup including a foot-receiving portion for securing the distal end of the crossbow to the ground with a foot applying pressure on the stirrup toward the ground, wherein the foot-receiving portion of the stirrup is configured to receive and locate a foot away from a trajectory of the arrow