Abstract: A reed-actuated animal call having a double-reed assembly and triple-reed assembly. The double-reed assembly has a short reed positioned atop a long reed positioned atop a sound board. An air passage is formed in the top of the soundboard underneath the long reed. The long reed extends a determined length beyond the end of the short reed, the short reed constraining the long reed to enable the rapid activation of the long reed. The triple-reed assembly has an additional mid-length reed positioned between the short and long reeds. The long reed extends a determined length beyond the end of the mid-length reed, the mid-length reed extends a determined length beyond the short reed above the soundboard, and the mid-length and short reeds constrain the long reed so as to enable the rapid activation of the long reed with a different resonance than the double-reed assembly.

Abstract: Solutions and methods for forming an exogenous flexible film on a plant and plants including the exogenous flexible film. The solutions include a solvent, a film forming matrix component, a hydrophobic barrier component, a plasticizing component, and a film enhancing component. The methods include spraying the solution on the plant. The methods also include evaporating at least a fraction of the solvent from the solution to form the exogenous flexible film. The plant includes fruit, and the spraying includes spraying at least 45 days prior to harvesting the fruit. The plants include an exogenous flexible film formed from the solutions and/or by the methods.

Abstract: Stabilized liquid cyclopropane compositions are provided which compromise flowable, non-aqueous dispersion concentrates comprising a) a continuous substantially water-immiscible liquid phase and b) a dispersed solid phase comprising cured polymer particles prepared from a polymerizable thermoset resin which particles contain at least one cylcopropene complex, optionally a non-porous particulate mineral, and optionally a non-cross-linkable mobile chemical distributed therein, and wherein the outside surfaces of the particles comprise a colloidal solid material. The compositions of the invention can be used directly or with dilution to combat pests or as plant growth regulators.

Abstract: A releasable encapsulation composition is described. The composition comprises a plurality of capsules, each capsule comprising an amphiphilic material encapsulating a substance, such as an active ingredient. The substance is releasable from encapsulation by a change in the amphiphilic material triggered by a change in the environment around the capsule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of non-proline cyclic amino acids of general formula (I), wherein n, X, Y and Z have the meaning indicated in the description, to increase the tolerance of plants to conditions of osmotic stress, resulting from a lack of water in the environment. Non-proline amino acids used in the invention are of natural origin and are much more effective than other known amino acids used for the same purpose. This invention can therefore be considered very useful for preventing economic losses caused by a reduction in yield in agricultural crops.

Abstract: A pyridine-based compound containing an isoxazoline ring represented by Formula 1 or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof can be used as a herbicide. A method of preparing the pyridine-based compound containing an isoxazoline ring represented by Formula 1 includes reacting a compound represented by Formula 2 with a compound represented by Formula 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel mixtures, to processes for preparing these mixtures, to compositions comprising these mixtures, and to the use thereof as biologically active compounds, especially for control of harmful microorganisms or pests in crop protection and in the protection of materials and as plant growth regulators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprises (A) a N-cyclopropyl-N-[substituted-benzyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivative and at least a further fungicidally active compound (B) consisting of 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide or (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of pyrimidine compounds of formula (I), or their agriculturally acceptable salts or derivatives as herbicides, wherein the variables are defined according to the description, specific pyrimidine compounds of formula (I), compositions comprising them and their use as herbicides, i.e. for controlling harmful plants, and also a method for controlling unwanted vegetation which comprises allowing a herbicidal effective amount of at least one pyrimidine compounds of the formula (I) to act on plants, their seed and/or their habitat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel trifluoromethyloxadiazoles of the formula I, or an N-oxide and/or their agriculturally useful salts and to their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi; to a method for combating phytopathogenic harmful fungi, which process comprises treating the fungi or the plants, the soil or seeds to be protected against fungal attack, with an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I, or an N-oxide, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; to a process for preparing compounds of the formula I; to intermediate compounds of the formula II.a for the preparation of compounds of the formula I; to agrochemical compositions comprising at least one compound of the formula I; and to agrochemical compositions further comprising seeds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a pesticidal mixtures comprising as active components tioxazafen for protecting plants, the plant propagation material thereof, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, against the attack or infestation by invertebrate pests and/or phytopathogenic harmful fungi. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a seed treatment composition comprising at least one of the pesticidal mixtures and to seeds comprising at least one of the pesticidal mixtures or the seed treatment composition thereof. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for controlling invertebrate pests and/or phytopathogenic harmful fungi on plants comprising contacting the plant or the plant propagation material; the pest or its food supply, habitat or breeding ground; and/or the fungi or their habitat, with an effective amount of the pesticidal mixtures or the seed treatment compositions thereof.

Abstract: Techniques regarding star polymers with enhanced antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, a polymer is provided that can comprise a core that can have a singlet oxygen generator and that can generate a singlet oxygen species upon irradiation with light. The polymer can also comprise a plurality of polycarbonate arms covalently bonded to the core. The plurality of polycarbonate arms can be degradable and can comprise a cation. Further, the plurality of polycarbonate arms can have antimicrobial functionality.

Abstract: Described herein are combinatorial compositions comprising a synthetic compound and a biological agent for beneficial effect. The synthetic compound may be a leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor. The synthetic compound also may be a benzoxaborole. The combinatorial compositions may have a synergistic effect. The combinatorial composition has at least one biological agent, which may have a controlling or stimulatory effect and may be selected from a modified or un-modified microorganism, metabolite, or substituent thereof. The combinatorial composition may further comprise a second modified or un-modified microorganism, metabolite or substituent thereof, or energy source for either or both microorganism(s). Also described are methods for promoting plant performance and/or curatively or preventively controlling insects, nematodes, microorganisms, or phytopathogens on or in an animal or a plant, plant parts, harvested fruits, or vegetables.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of disinfecting a surface within an area, comprising the steps of: a) dispersing into the area a multiplicity of droplets of a first aqueous composition comprising a first iodine reactant compound that is either a peroxide compound or an iodine salt compound: b) allowing sufficient time for the first aqueous composition to distribute throughout the area, and to deposit and coalesce into a layer upon the surface: c) dispersing into the area a multiplicity of droplets of a second aqueous composition comprising a second iodine reactant compound that is the other of the first iodine reactant compound, and: d) again allowing sufficient time for the droplets of the second aqueous composition to deposit onto the coalesced layer of the first aqueous composition, thereby forming iodine and other iodine biocides in situ and disinfecting the surface.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides: an antimicrobial agent comprising carbon-group non-oxide nanoparticles having an average particle size of 5 to 400 nm; and a production method therefor.

Abstract: Provided herein are stabilized, ready-to-use, quick break emulsion compositions (oil-in-water emulsion compositions), and in particular, stabilized paraffinic spray oil compositions and methods of using these compositions for controlling plant pests such as harmful insects and fungi. The oil-in-water emulsion compositions comprise a stabilizer which is benzoic acid, benzoic acid salt, benzoic acid derivative, paraben or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the microbiological field, and particularly relates to a leclercia adcarboxglata biocontrol strain efficiently inhibiting production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus. The leclercia adcarboxglata biocontrol strain Wt16 was deposited at China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on Jun. 13, 2017, and the accession number of the strain is CCTCC No. M2017331. The leclercia adcarboxglata strain Wt16 is isolated from peanut pods for the first time which can significantly inhibit aflatoxins production by Aspergillus flavus, and also has an extremely good effect on inhibiting aflatoxins production by aspergillus flavus for peanuts from different sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the microbiological field, and particularly relates to a Serratia marcescens biocontrol strain efficiently inhibiting production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus and an application thereof. The Serratia marcescens biocontrol strain 3J4SM was deposited at China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on Jun. 13, 2017, and the accession number of the strain is CCTCC No. M2017328. The Serratia marcescens biocontrol strain 3J4SM can be used to inhibit production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus and prevent grain crops from aflatoxin pollution.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to an Enterobacter cloacae biocontrol strain capable of effectively inhibiting Aspergillus flavus from producing aflatoxins and an application thereof. Enterobacter cloacae biocontrol strain 3J1EC was deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection on Jun. 13, 2017, with the deposit address being Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, and the deposit number being CCTCC No. M 2017330. The strain can be used for inhibiting Aspergillus flavus from producing aflatoxins to prevent and control the contamination of food crops by aflatoxins.

Abstract: A nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), a composition comprising the NPV, and a method comprising the use of the NPV is provided. The NPV was isolated from Cryptophlebia peltastica and has insecticidal activity against several species of moths within the tortricid tribe, Grapholitini. The NPV or composition may be suitable for use in controlling insect populations, particularly populations of insects that infest plants.

Abstract: Described are isolated strains of bacterial endophytes isolated from maize useful for the treatment of plants and associated methods and formulations. The bacterial endophyte may be applied to plants to promote growth. In one embodiment, the bacterial endophyte is an Enterobacter sp. known as 3D9 and deposited as IDAC strain 190917-01.

Abstract: An essential oil blend diluted in soybean oil against the bites of Anopheles stephensi, An. gambiae (the main malaria vectors in Asia and Africa, respectively); Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (the main vectors of arboviruses listed above). Repellency tests, appraising the protection time for each species, were performed under laboratory conditions using human volunteers and nulliparous female mosquitoes. The results show that the natural repellent was extraordinarily effective against both Anopheles and Aedes genera.

Abstract: Molded products have particulates, and a method and device apply particulates to the surface of the molded products. In a general aspect, the molded product includes an undistorted three-dimensional design and has particulates that do not distort the shape of the three-dimensional design. The molded product can be made by a method including filling a mold in a die roll with one or more particulates, filling the mold with a dough, compressing the dough into the mold, and releasing the compressed dough from the mold to form the molded product.

Abstract: The present invention has demonstrated that microorganisms present in a liver can be killed by washing the bile duct and the portal vein with hot water, and then disinfecting the liver using a chlorine-based disinfectant. It has also been demonstrated that sterilizing effects can be enhanced by freezing the liver after disinfection with a chlorine-based disinfectant.

Abstract: A method of treatment with at least one biocidal and/or safener product with a boiling temperature between 60 and 280° C., wherein the method comprises a treatment step duration greater than or equal to 3 days, wherein the treatment step comprises at least one injection phase of a duration greater than or equal to 3 days during which a liquid containing the, or each, product is evaporated and injected inside an enclosure, wherein the liquid is evaporated and injected with a period of less than or equal to two days during the injection phase, wherein the liquid is evaporated at a temperature below 50° C.

Abstract: A method of treating the atmosphere of a storage of vegetable products with a volume greater than 200 m3, wherein the method comprises at least one step of contacting the atmosphere with a liquid flow by circulation in a packing. A treatment unit of the atmosphere of a storage of vegetable products having a volume greater than 200 m3, wherein the unit comprises a contacting device comprising a packing, a device for injecting a liquid flow into the contacting device, a device for circulating the storage atmosphere in the contacting device, wherein the contacting device is so designed that the atmosphere is brought into contact with the liquid flow by circulation in the packing.

Abstract: A method of treating a product or surface with a reactive gas, comprises producing the reactive gas by forming a high-voltage cold plasma (HVCP) from a working gas; transporting the reactive gas at least 5 cm away from the HVCP; followed by contacting the product or surface with the reactive gas. The HVCP does not contact the product or surface.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for simultaneous producing an infant formula product and an acidic dairy product from defatted animal milk, comprising (a) processing the milk into a casein stream, a whey protein stream and a lactose stream, by: (i) subjecting the defatted animal milk to a filtration step over a microfiltration membrane capable of retaining bacteria and permeating milk proteins, to provide a debacterialized milk as permeate; (ii) subjecting the permeate originating from step (i) to a filtration step over a microfiltration membrane capable of retaining casein and permeating whey proteins, to provide a casein stream as retentate and a permeate comprising whey protein; (iii) fractionating the permeate originating from step (ii) into a whey protein stream and a lactose stream; (b) combining part of the casein stream, at least part of the whey protein stream originating from step (a) and a lactose source to obtain a recombined stream, wherein the lactose source comprises acid whey; (c) using th

Abstract: The invention discloses a solid beverage for conditioning dampness-heat constitution. The solid beverage comprises in parts by weight the following ingredients of raw materials: from 18 to 40 parts of agastache rugosa, from 22 to 41 parts of dandelion, from 15 to 45 parts of honeysuckle, from 16 to 42 parts of rhizoma phragmitis, from 17 to 45 parts of lophatherum gracile, from 18 to 38 parts of fried semen raphani, from 20 to 43 parts of semen coicis, from 21 to 45 parts of houttuynia, from 23 to 43 parts of dextrin, from 15 to 38 parts of maltodextrin, from 30 to 60 parts of soluble starch, and from 0.1 to 0.3 parts of aspartame. The solid beverage of the invention has the advantages of simple and convenient manufacture. All the raw materials used are both medicinal and edible materials, and the excipients used are all in conformity with the national standard GB2760-2011 (National Food Safety Standard for Food Additive Use).

Abstract: The invention provides a method of extracting whole coffee fruit, an extract obtained from the method, and method of ameliorating age-related neurodegenerative diseases using said extract. The whole coffee fruit extract may be extracted by water, methanol, ethanol, or acetone and may comprise chlorogenic acid (CA) and procyanidine. The expression levels of p-CREB, BDNF, p-eIF2?, BACE-1, A?, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1? and COX-2 which may relate to age-related neurodegenerative diseases can be modulated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chewing gum comprising stevia in the percentage of at least 0.05% by weight of the total gum, at least one calcium salt, and one or more high-viscosity elastomers.

Abstract: An ice-cream vending machine with an insulated and refrigerated bottom half housing containing stacks of pre-portioned ice-cream supported by a plurality of circular platforms and a top half housing containing radially deposed topping storage bins, a topping retrieval mechanism, a centrally located stacked cup storage tube and a centrally located cup holding platform. The topping retrieval mechanism with a topping receiving cup is attached to a horizontally disposed telescoping arm The telescoping arm engages a radially disposed drive mechanism that allows the topping receiving cup to access a selected bin and deliver the topping to a portion of ice-cream. The ice-cream portions are retrieved one at a time from the refrigerated bottom half housing and delivered via an ice-cream delivery mechanism to a centrally located ice-cream cup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry expanded food product comprising the following essential ingredients: a food-grade protein concentrate of animal or plant origin, and residual water. The expansion can be obtained during a step of treatment in a microwave device.

Abstract: A method of producing animal food pellets wherein solid and liquid ingredients of the food are premixed and the resulting mash is extruded in a ring die pellet extruder without steam conditioning and the extruded pellets are cooled and/or dried as may be required. The premixed ingredients will have cohesive properties so that additional pelleting binding agents are not required to form a densified pellet. The resulting product will be a nourishing food that substitutes grain and other ingredients in the diet of animals.

Abstract: A method and system for improving ethanol production from biomass are provided which includes adding at least one separation aid to stillage, that is preferably whole stillage, that contains oil and/or fat generally in the form of an emulsion, to form a treated stillage prior to centrifuging the stillage, and centrifuging the treated stillage in at least one centrifuge to separate at least a portion of the solids content from the treated stillage. The separation aid contains at least one anionic surfactant, at least one non-ionic surfactant, at least one organic solvent that is miscible in water, and water, and optionally at least one lecithin. Treated stillage products are also provided which can contain the indicated separation aid.

Abstract: Methods of simultaneously forming feed particles of different densities involves extruding a heated feed through an extruder having an extruder die defining a plurality of die openings. A first plurality of the die openings comprises a land length that is at least two times as long compared to a diameter of a respective die opening. A second plurality of the die openings comprises a land length that is equal to or less than a diameter of a respective die opening. Extrusion through the first plurality of the die forms extruded ribbons with a first density, while extrusion through the second plurality of the die openings forms extruded ribbons with a second density that is lower than the first density. The method proceeds by cutting the first and second plurality of extruded ribbons to simultaneously form feed particles of the first and second densities.

Abstract: Provided is a solid drink for keeping balanced constitution. The solid drink includes the following components of raw materials in parts by weight: mulberry 24-58, ginkgo 10-30, lily 30-51, gorgon euryale seeds 30-50, Chinese yam 29-49, semen sesami nigrums 31-48, dried orange peel 15-35, dextrin 37-70, maltodextrin 15-39, soluble starch 17-40, and aspartame 0.1-0.25. The solid drink is easy to manufacture, and all the raw materials used are medicine materials of medicinal and edible dual purposes, and all the excipients used also satisfy national standard GB2760-2011 (National Food Safety Standard for Uses of Food Additives). It is safe to eat (drink) and suitable for long-term consumption, with certain effects in keeping balanced constitution. Moreover, the processing process is suitable for industrial mass production.

Abstract: A method of producing a juice and food mix, and the product so formed. The first step in the method is the extraction of the juice and fiber mesh. Get the required amounts of the listed ingredients, then wash thoroughly with clean water and keep ready to be ground. Next, squeeze out the juice and add pure drinking water. Add the ingredients, and in slow gentle processing bring to fine fiber mesh. Add the juice mixture to the fine fiber mesh and stir-grind to bring to homogeneous mixture. Next extract or press out the dark green foamy juice from the fiber mesh cake. The fiber mesh cake is further dried, ground to green fiber flour and stored for use in the second step. The second step is mixing the dried green filler flour and flour/starch sourced from tubers or grains or seeds of choice. The mixture is used in foods.

Abstract: The present application discloses a solid drink for regulating qi-depression constitution. The solid drink comprises the following components of raw materials in parts by weight: citron 20-44 parts, perilla 17-45 parts, finger citron 10-38 parts, citrus aurantium L. 9-35 parts, sword bean 10-33 parts, mint 20-50 parts, spina data seeds 18-50 parts, malt 24-43 parts, dried orange peel 11-32 parts, Chinese olive 17-45 parts, sterculia lychnophora 8-23 parts, dextrin 25-55 parts, maltodextrin 15-45 parts, soluble starch 15-45 parts, and aspartame 0.1-0.3 parts. The solid drink of the present invention is easy to manufacture, and all the raw materials used are medicine materials of medicinal and edible dual purposes, and all the excipients used also satisfy national standard GB2760-2011 (National Food Safety Standard for Uses of Food Additives). It is safe to eat (drink) and has good taste, with certain effects in improving the qi-depression constitution.

Abstract: The present application discloses a solid beverage for conditioning blood stasis constitution. The solid beverage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 21-55 parts of hawthorn, 9-33 parts of peach seed, 9-33 parts of gingko, 5-21 parts of platycodon grandiflorus, 9-33 parts of dried tangerine peel, 0.5-4 parts of cinnamon, 9-33 parts of the root of kudzu vine, 2-21 parts of dahurian angelica, 10-29 parts of dextrin, 7-25 parts of maltodextrin, 8-26 parts of soluble starch and 0.05-0.2 parts of aspartame. The solid beverage of the present application is simple and convenient to prepare, the raw materials used are all medicinal materials with dual-purpose of drug and food, and the auxiliary materials used also meet the national standard GB2760-2011 (the National Food Safety Standard for Food Additive Use).

Abstract: A method operates a pasteurizing device and a pasteurizing device pasteurizes foodstuff in sealed containers. The pasteurizing device includes a treatment area configured for temperature treatment of the foodstuff in the containers with at least one heating zone, a conveying system for conveying the sealed containers filled with foodstuff through the treatment area and an irrigation device configured for dispensing a temperature-controlled process liquid into the at least one heating zone. The pasteurizing device further includes at least one feed device configured for introducing at least one treatment chemical for container-treatment in gaseous or aerosolized state into the treatment area.

Abstract: A method for preparing food having at least a solid food component. The method comprises, during a high-temperature, short-time stage (“HTST stage”), cooking a surface of the solid food component at a temperature (“HTST temperature”) of greater than 140° C. The method further comprises placing the food into packaging to form a sterile food package containing the food. The method also comprises, during a low-temperature, long-time stage (“LTLT stage”), cooking the sterile food package at a temperature (“LTLT temperature”) of between 40 and 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and system using induction of electric voltage to reduce the oxidation of consumer organic products. In particularly, chemical reactions within the AC and/or DC field are influenced by a catalytic reaction caused by the changing the field to reduce and/or eliminate oxidation in consumer organic products.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of making cold-soaked oatmeal by subjecting a mixture comprising raw oats and liquid to high pressure pasteurization, as well as cold-soaked oatmeals with improved shelf life and/or texture characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is an instant food product comprising puffed dried rice eatable with a thick and rich sauce, such as curried rice or rice with hashed meat, wherein the instant food product can be cooked even in the outdoors or indoors without a microwave oven so as to be eatable. The present invention provides an instant food product comprising puffed dried rice eatable by pouring hot water, wherein the puffed dried rice is directly stored in a container together with a solid seasoning. The puffed dried rice has a bulk specific gravity of 0.43 to 0.53 g/ml and a final moisture content of 5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.

Abstract: The present application discloses a nutritional composition for tonifying kidney. The nutritional composition comprises the following components of raw materials in parts by weight: rice 50-90, yellow millet 7-25, gorgon euryale seed 3-14, Chinese yam 2-11, lycium barbarum 0.4-1.6, and poria 0.3-1.5. The present invention, in view of the kidney's main function of reserving and storing the essence of internal organs of the body, complies with the functional characteristics that it is appropriate to reserve rather than consume the kidney, and provides the prescription for more nourishment and less loss and suitable to cooperate with staple foods for long-term consumption, and it is easily accepted by people due to the good taste, and can achieve certain efficacies of tonifying the kidney and disinhibiting the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing fermented soybean products and fermented soybean products prepared thereby and, specifically, to a method for preparing fermented soybean products with improved shelf life while maintaining the quality of the fermented soybean products, the method comprising the steps of: controlling the physical properties of a raw material; and sterilizing the raw material by means of a tubular-type heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing a powdered food product and powdered food products obtainable by the methods. There are also disclosed methods for preparing a food stock and food stocks obtainable by the methods, as well as methods for preparing a food broth, food broths obtainable by the methods, and a device for preparing such food broths. The methods and products obtainable by the methods find utility in the culinary field of preparing stocks and broths.

Abstract: A method for preparing an infant food consumable by hand comprises grinding at least one frozen plant base to form grains with a grain size of less than one millimeter, mixing the ground at least one frozen plant base with a natural texturizing agent in a proportion between 2% and 30% by weight based on the final mass of the mixture, and oil and/or at least one aromatic compound in a proportion between 2% and 20% by weight based on the final mass of the mixture, dosing the mixture to prepare individual portions, cooking the individual portions thus prepared in moist heat, freezing the cooked individual portions, and packaging the frozen cooked individual portions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing plant-derived fibers, wherein said fibers are characterized by a close packing concentration (c*) of at most 3.80 wt %, wherein said aqueous dispersion has an ionic strength of at least 0.01 M.