Abstract: A combined lithographic/flexographic printing process having a plurality of successive printing stations for printing color images on a substrate in a continuous in-line process. One of the stations prints a first color image using the flexographic process and at least one of the successive printing stations prints a second color image over the first color image using an offset lithographic process in the continuous in-line process.

Abstract: A web width adjusting device can adequately adjust the width of paper web which travels through at least two printing sections. The travelling web is sandwiched by a pair of wave forming devices including a plurality of fluid ejectors which are aligned in the width direction of the paper web. The fluid ejectors of one alignment face alternately the other alignment to alternately eject fluid to both sides of the web.

Abstract: A continuously operative printing machine and a method of operating the same are disclosed. The printing machine has a plurality of switchable printing units to be used selectively by switching. For continuous printing the printing units are switched alternately by coupling and decoupling first coupling/decoupling means while a continuous printing web is held running. Plate change of stationary printing units is done with independent drive means to be ready for the next printing. Then the stationary printing units are restored to the printing state through synchronous control by rotational control means. Thus plate change printing or the like can be carried out continuously without stopping the printing machine. In addition, high quality printing can be obtained efficiently. Further, it is possible to obtain double side printing.

Abstract: A web width adjusting device can adequately adjust the width of paper web which is travelled through at least two printing sections. The travelling web is sandwitched by a pair of contact means including a plurality of contact members which are aligned in parallel to the axis of cylinders for driving the paper web. The contact members of one alignment are alternatively in contact with the web surface with respect to the other alignment.

Abstract: A web width adjusting device can adequately adjust the width of paper web which is travelled through at least two printing sections. The travelling web is sandwitched by a pair of contact means including a plurality of contact members which are aligned in parallel to the axis of cylinders for driving the paper web. The contact members of one alignment are alternatively in contact with the web surface with respect to the other alignment.

Abstract: A dual substrate, single-pass printing process prints a high basis weight substrate and a low basis weight substrate. Ink striking through the low basis weight substrate is collected and absorbed by the high basis weight substrate. The printed substrates are then separated and rewound for subsequent transport and handling.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for printing on flat individual articles such as cards by means of offset printing, the article, before being moved into a starting position for the printing operation, is firstly aligned relative to the printing cylinder. While the article is maintained in the aligned position by suction force, the article is then transferred on to a holding device and into the starting position for the printing operation. The holding device with article is then moved in a first direction relative to the printing cylinder for transfer of the print image therefrom on to that article. The holding device then moves in a second direction opposite to the first direction. During that movement the article with print image thereon is displaced relative to the holding device on which it is supported, to provide space on the holding device for the article to be printed upon in the following working cycle.

Abstract: A control system for a web (10) in a printing press (12) having a device (20) for applying pressure to lateral locations of the web (10) intermediate side edges (22a and 22b) of the web (10), and a device (14) for controlling the pressure applying device (20) to apply a selected amount of pressure to the web (10).

Abstract: A present invention relates to a gear reducer for printing machine or the like comprising a hand wheel adapted to provide rough and fine adjustment nodes. The hand wheel is mounted on a sleeve adapted to be engaged with a drive shaft of said printing machine. A planet wheel mounted on the hand wheel by means of a pin shaft extending parallel to the sleeve. A drive gear mounted on the sleeve, said drive gear adapted to turn together with the sleeve. A lock means is adapted to retain the hand wheel locked on the sleeve. A fixed gear is mounted on a frame of said press machine, the fixed gear being coaxial with said drive gear. The fixed gear has a number of teeth which differs from the number of teeth of the drive gear. The hand wheel is adapted to move together with the planet wheel gear axially forwardly towards said fixed gear.

Abstract: A dual substrate, single-pass printing process prints a high basis weight substrate and a low basis weight substrate. Ink striking through the low basis weight substrate is collected and absorbed by the high basis weight substrate. The printed substrates are then separated and rewound for subsequent transport and handling.

Abstract: A web width adjusting device can adequately adjust the width of paper web which is travelled through at least two printing sections. The travelling web is sandwitched by a pair of contact means including a plurality of contact members which are aligned in parallel to the axis of cylinders for driving the paper web. The contact members of one alignment are alternatively in contact with the web surface with respect to the other alignment.

Abstract: A paper guide for a web-fed rotary printing press which prints multiple colors on both sides of a paper web uses multiple color printing groups arranged in pairs on a plurality of vertically spaced levels. Separate air drying paths are provided for the web after it has been initially printed in multiple colors on one side and again after it has been printed in multiple colors on its other side. The length of these paths are a multiple of the spacing between plate cylinders in each of the levels of the printing machine.

Abstract: A paper guide for a web-fed rotary printing press with multiple color printing groups on several vertically spaced levels provides a path for the freshly printed multiple color web to air dry as it travels along the machine frame. The length of travel of the air drying path is a multiple of the spacing between adjacent plate cylinders in any of the levels in the printing machine.

Abstract: In order to place web offset printing presses A and B in a synchronous operation condition by simple operation with a reduce burden to the operator, actuation of a drive clutch and a folder clutch of the machine A alone and actuation of a drive clutch of the machine B along are made detectable on a synchronous operation control panel and, under control of the control panel, a synchronous operation clutch is actuated with phase matching between the machines A and B, thereby enabling synchronous operation.

Abstract: A control system is disclosed for controlling misregistration between the colors of an image printed on a web. The system includes an imaging device such as a camera or group of cameras, a processor, and image conversion circuits coupled to the processor. The system detects print color misregistration based upon the signals produced by the imaging device as a result of scanning the printed image. The conversation circuits convert the signals to signals usable by the processor to determine the color densities of the various colors within the image. These color densities are compared with reference color densities stored in a memory of the processor, where the reference color densities may be generated from a source such as the printing plates used to print the image for which misregistration is being monitored.

Abstract: This invention relates to an offset type rotary press adapted for a color printing system, with printing sections, which prevents print-shears and produces printed matter in high quality. The system of this invention includes an extending area which supplies to the travelling paper web the power to extend in width direction, and at least two printing sections arranged in sequence at the position where the paper web travels after passing through the extending area.

Abstract: A high speed media management device has tractor means for moving a web through the device past a plurality of work stations at each of which the web may be treated. Relatively high web tension is maintained throughout its travel path. Counting means near the beginning of the web path generate a count signal with the passage of each increment of web. The accumulated count signals are compared to numbers stored in a plurality of registers, each register associated with a work station and each containing a count representative of web travel distance relative to the work station. The first register count corresponds to the distance required to accelerate the web from a stop. The remaining registers store that count and a separate count representing the distance between the first station and the corresponding station. When the counter contents equals the count in a register, an actuating signal initiates a treatment activity at the associated work station.

Abstract: A web-fed rotary printing press having a main drive includes, in combination, a plurality of consecutively arranged printing units and a printing unit for flying printing-form exchange having an auxiliary drive and a plurality of printing-unit cylinders, at least one of which has a shaft, the plurality of printing-unit cylinders including two printing-form cylinder-transfer cylinder pairs for the printing-form exchange, and a common, rotating impression cylinder driven via the main drive, one of the cylinder pairs being inactivatable and the other being bringable into engagement with the common, rotating impression cylinder so as to be driven by the main drive, two gearwheels positioned on the shaft of the one cylinder of the printing unit for the flying printing-form exchange, including a drive for the respective printing-form cylinder-transfer cylinder pair which is decouplable from the main drive, during an imprinting operation, and connectable via a coupling device with the auxiliary drive, includes an ar

Abstract: Multiple drive for a sheet-fed rotary printing press having in-line printing units with drive gears driven via a closed gear train, the gear train connecting the printing units to one another and having two power-branching, interdependently controlled power-input locations includes two electric motors connected to said two power-input locations, respectively, at each one of two printing units, which have a third printing unit disposed therebetween, for driving the two printing units with directionally constant power flows of a divided and interdependently controlled driving power of the two electric motors meeting in the third printing unit disposed between the two driven printing units.

Abstract: Safety device for control or regulation systems of drive units of a printing machine having at least individual sub-aggregates thereof mechanically disconnected from one another, a plurality of motors connected via respective gear transmissions to the sub-aggregates for driving them in synchronous rotation, at least one measuring device for ensuring synchronous running of the sub-aggregates, and a device for controlling the rotary speed or the torque of the motors connected to the measuring device, further includes a clutch disposed between the gear transmissions of two of the at least individual sub-aggregates located adjacent one another, the clutch having clutch halves respectively connected to a synchronously running gearwheel of the respective gear transmissions, the clutch halves being connected to one another for transmitting torque when a preset rotational-angle difference between the clutch halves is exceeded.

Abstract: To facilitate expansion of modular printing units (1, 2, 3) and particularly vertical expansion into tower printing stations (1-4; 2-5; 3-6), each printing unit, with its own printing cylinder (20)and drive motor (8-13), has associated therewith a power take-off unit (14-19; 53-56) which, via a right-angle drive, synchronizes a horizontal synchronizing shaft (21) with individual vertical synchronizing shafts (22, 23, 24) of two-tier or two-level or tower printing stations.

Abstract: A printing machine having a plurality of printing units, and circumferential and side register adjusting devices for adjusting the register in all but one of the printing units, the one printing unit being non-adjustable, includes a control-command input device operatively associated with the non-adjustable one printing unit for producing a relative change in position of a subject in the non-adjustable one printing of a register adjustment of the one printing unit as a result of logically consistent register adjustments of the printing units having the circumferential and side register adjusting devices, and method of operation.

Abstract: Multi-station web handling apparatus having a pair of nip rolls at each station, where at least one of the rolls of each pair of nip rolls is deformed at the nip and having a print-to-print and/or cut-to-print image registration system and method that prevents image mis-register errors from occurring, as opposed to attempting to correct mis-register errors after they have occurred and have been sensed. Each of the stations includes a driven nip roll positioned upstream of and closely adjacent to the nip of the pair of nip rolls of the station. The rolls are driven at the same speed as the pairs of nip rolls at the stations are driven.

Abstract: This invention relates to an offset type rotary press adapted for a color printing system, with printing sections, which prevents print-shears and produces printed matter in high quality. The system of this invention includes an extending area, which supplies to the travelling paper web the power to extend in the width direction, and at least two printing sections arranged in sequence at the position where the paper web travels after passing through the extending area.

Abstract: Disclosed is an offset printing apparatus, wherein the bearings of the blanket cylinder are mounted fixed on the cheeks of the cassette; the bearings of the plate cylinder comprise means for adjusting the position of the axis of the plate cylinder; and each of the front and rear cheeks of the cassette bears a mechanism for connection between mobile control means of the printing apparatus and the means for adjusting the bearings of the plate cylinder, in order to adjust the position of the axis of this cylinder as a function of the printing conditions required.

Abstract: Apparatus assures correct alignment of a plurality of cylindrical, patterned textile printing screens arrayed horizontally, parallel with one another in a sequence of screens on heads which are rotated by a drive. Optical encoders associated with the drive mechanism for each screen indicate the orientations of the heads as they rotate, and reflective markers are located on the screens with an edge in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the screens and in a predetermined relationship to the pattern to be printed by the screen. An overhead laser source scans the screens aimed at a rotating mirror aligned to reflect light from the laser source to scan the reflective markers on the screens to a light sensor. A computer receives signals from the orientation sensors and the light sensor, and a counter counts at a rate on the order of 10 megahertz and recognizes a reflective marker when light is detected by the light detector for a threshold number of pulses.

Abstract: A print verification method and apparatus verifies the integrity of information printed on a document. The information to be verified is printed on a document in a first color. Desired information is printed on the document in a second color which is different from the first color. The desired information is printed directly above the information printed in the first color. It is detected whether any of the information printed in the first color is exposed following printing of the desired information in the second color. If any of the information printed in the first color is detected to be exposed, an indication is made that improper printing has occurred. If, however, no information printed in the first color is exposed following printing of the desired information in the second color, it is verified that proper printing has occurred.

Abstract: An image adjusting device for an offset printing machine includes a drive source, an adjustment gear mounted on a rotary shaft and always engaged with a gear mounted on a blanket cylinder for adjusting a position of an image to be printed, a clutch mechanism for selectively transmitting a rotation of the drive source to the adjustment gear, and an encoder for controlling a rotational amount of the adjustment gear, the encoder being mounted on the rotary shaft. Further the image adjusting device has first and second detectors for detecting the rotational positions of the blanket cylinder and a cylinder gear, respectively, a microcomputer provided with calculating means for calculating standard and present phase differences between the blanket cylinder and the cylinder gear, and an input means for inputting an amount of adjustment on the basis of the present phase difference therebetween. Thus, it is possible to more correctly effect the image adjustment in the offset printing press.

Abstract: A device for scanning marks printed on workpieces travelling under a light source includes at least two parallel mark scanning channels emitting an electric impulse due to passage of a mark, each channel being sensitive to a particular color. The device incudes, moreover, electronics for selecting a most representative mark impulse among the electric impulses emitted by the channels.

Abstract: A method of mutually adjusting single-color images on a rotary printing press for printing multicolor images on a continuous paper strip, each single-color image being printed by a respective printing cylinder adjusted in relation to the other printing cylinders by selecting a reference cylinder from among the printing cylinders; disconnecting the printing cylinder for adjustment from a transmission common to all the printing cylinders; and reconnecting the transmission and the printing cylinder for adjustment, upon the reference cylinder, powered by the transmission, eliminating any difference in timing in relation to the printing cylinder for adjustment. FIGS. 1 and 4).

Abstract: To permit ready exchange of plate cylinder (13) - blanket cylinder (12) printing couples of different circumferences in a printing machine, the blanket cylinder - plate cylinder printing couple is retained in a cassette (8), with adjustment elements (282, 281, 26) to control the throw-off position of the blanket cylinder in the cassette. The adjustment elements are selectively engageable or disengageable against matching adjustment elements (284, 283) in the printing tower (9). The printing tower adjustably supports an impression cylinder (11) located above the blanket cylinder, when the cassette is installed in the tower, so that printing will be from below. Ink application rollers (361, 362, 363) are force-biassed against the respective plate cylinders, and movable in a slide path which is radial with respect to the plate cylinder of the respective diameter, under control of slide feelers (161, 162, 163) engaging a stationary ring (213) in the cassette concentric with the plate cylinder.

Abstract: Two satellite printing stations (2, 3) are located vertically above each other, and a web (22) is guided first about a common impression cylinder (13) of the lower printing station, then upwardly about a common impression cylinder (4) of the upper printing station (2). To prevent set-off of freshly printed ink in the lower printing station (3) on the common impression cylinder (4) of the upper printing station, blanket cylinders (6, 7, 10, 12) of the upper printing station (2) are so located that, respectively, two blanket cylinders (6, 7, 10, 12) of printing couples of the upper printing stations are in vertical alignment so that a tangent at the nip between these blanket cylinders will be in an essentially horizontal plane (31).

Abstract: A process consists of detecting a printed registration mark composed of recognition signals and of a color pilot mark, comparing the image of the signs of the printed registration mark to the signs of a virtual reference registration mark, then defining a basic area for each sign, calculating a geometric center of every basic area, detecting any color pilot mark in these basic areas, calculating and memorizing the geometric center for the detected pilot mark, measuring an offset position between the geometric center of the basic area and the geometric center of the detected color pilot mark and utiliziing the measured offset position for controlling a misregistration correction appliance of a printing press. The device for accomplishing the process includes an arrangement for performing each of the above-mentioned steps.

Abstract: A plate cylinder of an offset printing press is adjustable. A motor has an output shaft operatively connected with the plate cylinder to, when driven, adjust the position of the plate cylinder. A tachometer provides a speed reference signal indicative of the rotational speed of the plate cylinder. A register mark error sensor provides an adjustment control signal indicating that the plate cylinder should be adjusted. A computer responds to the speed reference signal and the adjustment control signal to control a DC drive. The DC drive drives the motor at a speed which varies with the rotational speed of the plate cylinder. The plate cylinder is thereby moved to a desired position at a rate which is a function of the operating speed of the printing press. The plate cylinder is moved to the desired position at a slow rate when the printing press is operating at a slow speed and at a fast rate when the printing press is operating at a fast speed.

Abstract: The process and the device for measuring the displacement of a web within a multi-color rotary printing press by means of a mark simultaneously printed with each color in an area free of any printing characterized by the mark passing beneath the photodetector arrangements for generating a signal. The method and the device are further characterized by the fact that the pair of photodetectors are arranged side-by-side along a crosswise line with the edges of the field for each detector arrangement being positioned above the web at the expected position for the passage of the center of the crosswise symmetrical mark and the crosswise displacement of the web is determined by the difference between the intensity variations of the signals created by each of the two photodetectors when the mark passes therethrough.

Abstract: To permit versatile operation of a multi-station printing machine installation or system having a first printing machine subsystem for printing on a first substrate web which includes a plurality of printing stations (2-5) and accessory apparatus, such as dryers, coolers, folders and the like, and a second printing machine subsystem (11) likewise having a plurality of printing stations (12-15), dryers, coolers and folders, and wherein the first subsystem, additionally, includes auxiliary apparatus such as a lacquering unit (6), an adhesive application unit (21), and further paper handling units (22, 23, 24) which may be useful for certain printing jobs carried out by the further printing machine subsystem (11) but are not always used for printing jobs in the first subsystem (1), substrate web guide means (47-50, 53, 54) are provided in each one of the subsystems to guide the web from, for example, the further subsystem (11) to the auxiliary apparatus (6; 21-24) of the first subsystem and then, if desired, bac

Abstract: To provide a clean operator side (I) of a printing machine, the circumferential and lateral register adjustment of a plate cylinder (20) is located on the machine or drive side (II) of the machine and is formed by a special gearing arrangement; a first gear (12) which is rotatable on an axially shiftable stub shaft (19) of the plate cylinder by being positioned on a bearing thereof, is driven from a second gear (9) which may also drive an offset blanket cylinder (18). The first gear is in meshing engagement with a dual gear, having third and fourth gearings (16, 15), the first, second and third gears being spiral or inclined, and the fourth gear (15), which meshes with an axial fixed fifth gear (13) splined to the shaft fo the cylinder (19), is likewise formed with axial teeth.

Abstract: A system for generating indicia of registration error between the respective printing units of a web-fed, four-color printing press. An optical line scanner is disposed over a web to generate signals indicative of the brightness level of successive nominal pixels along a line transverse to the motion of the web. The respective printing units each generate registration marks on the web, the relative positions of which are indicative of the relative cyclical (rotational) and transverse (lateral) positions of the printing units with respect to the web. As the web moves past the scanners, successive line scans generated by the scanner provide the equivalent of a two-dimensional raster scan of a strip of the web centered on the expected center line of registration marks produced by the respective printing units.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a plate cylinder 15, a blanket cylinder 16 and an impression cylinder 17. A web W passes between the blanket and impression cylinder to enable print to be applied to the web by the blanket cylinder. The plate and blanket cylinders 15,16 are provided as a one piece cartridge movable axially to a position offset from the web. The impression cylinder 17 is also movable independently of the other cylinders to a position offset from the web to enable the impression cylinder to be changed without breaking the web or removing the web from the apparatus.

Abstract: To provide for circumferential register adjustment of a printing cylinder, for example a plate or forme cylinder (1) of a printing machine, in which the cylinder is eccentrically retained in an eccentric bearing (5, 6, 7) to permit throw-off of the cylinder from an engaged cylinder, such as a blanket cylinder, a circumferential register adjustment positioning shaft (8) is threadedly secured to a counter plate (13), attached to the frame of the machine. The positioning shaft is coupled via an eccentric bushing (18) to the drive gear (3) of the cylinder. The eccentricity of the eccentric bushing, and the eccentricity of the eccentric bearing (5, 6, 7) for the cylinder are the same, and the eccentric bushing and the eccentric bearing are coupled together by a coupling rod (23) and an extension (25, 25) on the eccentric bushing. Bearings permit both relative rotation, eccentric rotation, and axial shift of the drive gear under control of the positioning shaft.

Abstract: An improved, multiple-station convertible web-fed printing press is provided wherein respective press stations include permanent modules with replaceable, differently configured inserts. The station modules each include a pair of eccentrically mounted, insert-engaging rails which are pivoted for accurate placement of a press insert within the module; final insert lockup is provided by an eccentric hook assembly which generates several thousand pounds of locking force, in order to secure the insert against misalignment and subsequent insert shifting. Insert replacement operations are facilitated by means of a mobile cart including insert-supporting rails alignable with the module rails. Temporary interconnection of the cart and module rails is afforded by means of endmost connection hooks and yokes on the cart rails, which mate the module sidewall and the corresponding reduced diameter segments provided in the module rails.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining possible register errors and for correcting the positioning of printing plate cylinders in a multi-color rotary printing machine utilizes geometric and regular figures of different sizes as register marks images. These figures, such as circles or squares are printed into each other and the resulting register marks' prints may be analyzed to provide infotmaion useable to correct register errors in both the X and Y distances.

Abstract: Method of reducing register errors in multicolor offset printing machines having printing units driven by a common motor and having a register adjusting device, which includes determining and storing a functional relationship between a quantity of torque delivered by the common motor and a quantity characteristic of the torque, on the one hand, and a register adjustment necessary for maintaining satisfactory register, on the other hand, monitoring the quantity during operation of the printing machine, and setting the register adjustment to a value functionally associated with the respective torque.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are disclosed for composing an imposition in terms of an arrangement of printing plates on selected of the image positions on selected units of a printing press to print a given edition, by first assigning each section of this edition to one of the press areas. Thereafter, each printing unit is examined to determine an utilization value thereof in terms of the placement of the printing plates on the image positions and the relative number of image positions to which printing plates are assigned with respect to the total number of image positions. Thereafter, a list of the image positions for each of the sections and its area, is constructed by examining one printing unit at a time in an order according to the placement of that printing unit in the array and examining its utilization value to determine whether or not to include a particular image position of that printing unit in the list.

Abstract: A method of printing a succession of images on to an elongate web, in at least two colors, comprises feeding the web past the first and second rotating printing cylinders 10 and 11, the first print cylinder applying a first color and the second print cylinder applying a second color, and periodically interrupting the movement of the web past the print cylinders, the length of the interruptions controlling the repeat distance, and the interruptions of the movement of the web past the second cylinder being controlled in dependence upon the images being produced by the preceding print cylinder. The web may be driven by means of a servo motor such that the extent to which the web moves while the motor accelerates to and/or decelerates from, its normal running speed is accurately predetermined.

Abstract: A print control strip which allows the optional use of both solid tone control/regulation and halftone control/regulation, and in which the color control/regulation is optimized on the basis of values derived from the solid tone density and the halftone density from single color and/or multicolor halftone fields. Such print control strips are used for control/regulation of the ink feed in the inking mechanism of rotary printing presses. The print control strip disclosed includes alternating single color solid tone fields for each ink color and single color halftone fields for each ink color, and multicolor halftone fields corresponding to every second color zone. There may also be zonally alternating single color solid tone fields for each ink color and multicolor halftone fields.

Abstract: An optical scanner scans the surface of printed material at a particular position of the surface to determine if the surface is properly marked. The output level of the scanner at that position is compared with the output level of a differential signal level generator. If the two levels are substantially the same, then no error is indicated. If the two levels are different, then an error is indicated and the process is stopped to correct the error.

Abstract: A hand-held battery operated densitometer for identifying and analyzing printed targets is provided which automatically determines whether an unprinted substrate, a solid black, a muddy magenta solid, an overprint, a solid color, or a halftone has been detected. Referenced density values measured through red, green, blue and visual optical filters for an overprint and the first and second down colors are used to determine and display percent trap. Referenced density values for halftone and corresponding solid targets are used to determine and display percent dot area. Referenced density values for solid targets may also be displayed. The printing process is adjusted based upon the displayed solid densities, percent trap and percent dot area.

Abstract: To permit selective operation of two printing couples (1, 2, 4, 5) for printing, on a continuous web (7) respectively double-image prime printing (FIG. 1), single-image prime printing (FIGS. 3, 5), while permitting flying plate changes of one of the plates of a disengaged printing couple, or prime and verso printing (FIG. 7), two impression cylinders are provided, engageable with the blanket cylinders of the respective printing couples, the impression cylinders being spaced from each other by a gap sufficient to permit passage of the web therebtween when the system operates in the prime-and-verso printing mode, with a gap sufficient so that freshly printed subject matter will not be smeared by contact with the respective impression cylinders.

Abstract: A printing apparatus has an array of cartridges for printing a web of e.g. paper passing through the array, and one or more units containing printing medium. The cartridges each are capable of transferring the printing medium from the unit(s) to the web. The unit(s) and the cartridges of the array are relatively movable, to allow the unit(s) to interact successively with at least two of the cartridges. In this way it is possible to change printing from one cartridge to another, allowing changes to be made to what is printed, without halting the movement of web significantly. The present invention also proposes that the cartridges may have printing cylinders of different sizes, and furthermore that a mobile unwind stand may be used to move web material to the printing apparatus, and the web output from the printing apparatus processed by sheet folding techniques.