Abstract: A conversion solution for zinc oxide coated electrophotographic master printing plates is provided containing triethylenetetramine or ethylenediamine which replaces the normally used ferrocyanide in conventional EP master conversions solutions.

Abstract: A lithographic printing process characterized by demulsifying an emulsion ink by the action of a cooling means and, if desired, a shearing force-giving means provided in a region of ink distributing rollers in an inking system.

Abstract: A fountain concentrate for preparing a dampening or fountain solution for lithography, consisting essentially of a mixture of a desensitizer, sulfanilic acid, and formaldehyde.

Abstract: A moisture control feed system of the bare-back type in which there is in nip-contact with a moisture transfer roll and the moisture transfer roll is driven solely by the shear resistance offered by the intervening layers at the nip of the ink and the moisture. The system includes an ink reservoir that simulates an oleophilic image in the form of a narrow strip extending transverse the direction of rotation of the master cylinder and is located outside the master retention area to supply ink to the oleophilic moisture form roll. The simulated image maintains the proper ink layer thickness on the oleophilic moisture form roll and the ink quality to assure proper rotational speed control of the transfer roll.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive master sheets are produced by printing ink-releasing images onto a master sheet by silk screen techniques using a semi-solid printable ink composition comprising a wax and/or resin binder material, an incompatible oleaginous material, colorant and a volatile vehicle. The solidifed printed images comprise a porous, spongy network of the binder material containing within the pores thereof the oleaginous material and colorant as a pressure-exudable ink. The printed master is suitable for the production of several copies in a dry pressure-copying process.

Abstract: A liquid composition for development of latent electrostatic images formed on an offset master for use in the production of multiple copies by offset duplication, in which the developer composition is formulated to contain a fatty acid amine, aromatic amine, heterocyclic amine or other aliphatic amine containing from 3 to 18 carbon atoms in the aliphatic group to obviate the undesirable effects from treatment of the imaged surface with a conversion solution.

Abstract: A protective coating material for lithographic printing plate, which comprises pullulan or pullulan derivatives. Said material is superior to hitherto used gum arabic solution in the protection of the surface of lithographic printing plate against oxidation and scumming as well as in the ability to enhance the hydrophilic character of metallic surface of a non-image area.

Abstract: Methods of imaging and printing are provided whereby a transparent self-supporting substrate is coated with a transparent abhesive polymer and an image formed by inking said polymer and simultaneously subjecting said polymer to electromagnetic radiation to reduce the cohesive force of said ink or increase the adhesive force so as to selectively deposit ink in image configuration on said adhesive polymer, and transferring said inked image to a receiver sheet.

Abstract: Printing inks and particularly fluorescent colored inks which provide outstanding color strength and dot resolution with planographic and letterpress printing processes are described. The inks comprise an intimate dispersion of colored resin particles in a vehicle containing specified amounts of certain alkyd resins, esters of modified rosin, carboxylated hydrocarbon resins and ink oil.

Abstract: A display and printing method using an electrochromic imaging material. The electrochromic material forms a colored image in response to the formation of an image pattern on a photoconductive surface. The electrochromic material is between an electrode and the photoconductive surface when image formation takes place. The image may be utilized in a display device or in printing.

Abstract: A duplicator system and method are provided for preparing a lithographic master and for producing duplicated copies from the master in a fully automated system. An ink and moisture system is provided for supplying ink and moisture to a master on a master cylinder. During a pre-inking phase, an ink ductor roller is operative for a predetermined duration within variable ranges, as determined by the number of duplicated copies to be reproduced, and a moisture roller is operative to transmit moisture to the inking system. An early moisture circuit is also provided for conditioning the system by supplying moisture prior to a pre-inking phase in those instances wherein there has been a significant delay between the processing of two consecutive masters. Control means including a sensing device is provided for sensing the ambient temperature at an ink fountain and providing an indication thereof at predetermined temperature values.

Abstract: A liquid developer for producing an ink receptive, water repellent, oleophilic image suitable for use in the production of multiple copies by lithographic technique wherein the toner employed in the developer composition has precipitated thereon the polyvinyl acetate binder component.

Abstract: A liquid developer for treatment to convert a latent electrostatic image to an ink receptive, water repellent, oleophilic image for use in the production of multiple copies by lithographic technique in which, in addition to the toner particles and organic solvent, the developer contains a polyvinyl acetate as a binder and a hydrophobic colloidal silica in the ratio of 1 part silica to 1.5 to 4 parts binder whereby the oleophilic properties of the image are markedly improved.

Abstract: The amount of water present on a lithographic printing plate during printing is determined by measuring the amount of water present on a surface which is other than that of the printing plate but which carries an amount of water related to the amount of water present on the printing plate. The surface upon which the measurement is made may be the surface of a control pad mounted on the printing roller in the gap between opposite ends of the printing plate, the surface of one of the rollers of the damp train applying water to the printing plate, or the surface of an auxiliary roller contacting one of the rollers of the damp train applying water to the printing plate. The amount of water subsequently applied to the printing plate may be regulated in dependence upon the amount of water determined as being already present on the printing plate.

Abstract: A combination master/blanket printing sheet for use with a lithographic offset duplicating press includes a master layer comprising material having hydrophilic properties which is imagable to provide pre-selected oleophilic areas for receipt of printing inks and a blanket layer of hydrophobic-oleophilic material suitable for receiving and carrying thereon an inked image transferred thereto by contact with a member carrying such image. In a preferred embodiment of the printing sheet the master and blanket layers are applied by coating or other suitable techniques to opposite surfaces of a base or support layer. The printing sheet is usable in the offset printing process both as a "master" sheet, when properly imaged on the master layer, and a "blanket".

Abstract: A universal fountain solution formulation for lithographic printing is disclosed that is particularly useful in Dahlgren-type plate dampening systems. The fountain solution is prepared from two etch concentrates, the first (solution A) having as its primary ingredients a fatty acid material, a monovalent hydroxide and water, and the second (solution B) having as its primary ingredients gum arabic a monovalent iodide and water. Different amounts of the primary ingredients are mixed together to form the etch concentrates which are subsequently mixed together with water to produce the final fountain solution formulations.

Abstract: A solution for treating metal surfaces is provided which is capable of cleaning (degreasing) and hydrophilically sensitizing the metal surface. The treatment solution is a synergistic improvement over conventional silicate treating solutions obtained by the addition of the ferric chelate of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (Fe.sup.+.sup.3 EDTA).

Abstract: A gum removing solution for a lithographic plate containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds containing ##STR1## linkage where M represents a hydrogen atom, an ammonium group or an alkali metal atom and cyclic esters and cyclic amides having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. The solution can further contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid and the metal salts and ammonium salts of these acids, and optionally a water-soluble colloid. The solution has a pH of 1 to 5.5.

Abstract: A desensitizer composition for desensitizing a developer against coloring a substantially colorless color former comprising as a desensitizing agent at least one N-(aminoalkyl)-lactam of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 2 to 11, m is 2 to 6 and each methylene group can be substituted with an alkyl or aryl group, or a derivative thereof. The desensitizing composition exhibits a strong desensitization effect.

Abstract: The dampening system incorporates a fountain roller that removes a quantity of dampening liquid from a reservoir and transfers a portion of the liquid to a ductor roller composed of a soft material such as synthetic rubber and having a smooth outer surface is supported by the framework of the machine and is intermittently moved laterally into engagement with the fountain roller in order to extract a quantity of dampening liquid from the fountain roller. A rider roller composed of hard non-metallic material, such as polyurathane or other suitable plastic material, is intermittently engaged by the ductor roller to transfer a quantity of the dampening liquid from the ductor roller to the rider roller. The rider roller is provided with a smooth cylindrical outer surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are the uses of polyphosphate solutions as fountain solutions in the dampener roll systems of offset presses and as rub-up solutions for preparing offset plates for storage without corrosion. In the fountain solution application of the invention, the polyphosphate concentration may run from about 0.6 g/l to about 42 g/l; in the plate storage application of the invention it may run from about 6 g/l to about 66 g/l. Particular polyphosphates which are useful in the invention include sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and aminomethylenephosphonate.

Abstract: A master is formed on a photoconductive surface by first forming an electrostatic charge pattern on the imaging member and developing the charge pattern to form an image of electroscopic marking particles. The developed image is uniformly coated with a thin layer of an adhesive coating and the coated image is then contacted with an adhesive surface transfer element. Upon separation the thin layer of adhesive overcoating fractures. The thin overcoating over the electroscopic particles and these particles transfer to the transfer element so as to leave on the photoconductive member the remaining thin overcoating layer in an image configuration which constitutes the master.The master can be used to make copies by electrostatic, lithographic or gravure printing.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate is produced by the steps of forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive zinc oxide insulating layer and developing this layer with a toner which forms an imagewise deposit on the recording layer. Applicants' invention relates to contacting the portions of the recording layer which are not covered with the hydrophobic deposit with a hydrophilizing composition (commonly called a conversion wash) comprising the reaction product of (1) phosphoric acid or one of the anions derived from such acid, (2) an organic amine compound, and (3) a hydrophilic metal cation, to form a reaction product with zinc ions from the zinc oxide which reaction product of zinc ions with said composition is substantially insoluble in said composition and is preferentially wetted by water thereby repelling lithographic inks. The plate produced by this process is especially useful for use on a lithographic offset press to produce multiple copies of an original.