Abstract: Described herein are ternary alloys of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and tin (Sn). For example, the ternary alloys can comprise between about 0.5 weight percent (wt %) and about 5 wt % Al and between about 0.5 wt % and about 5 wt % Sn. The chemical composition of the alloys can be tailored such that the alloy maintains antimicrobial effect over time and is resistant to tarnish. The alloys are also hypoallergenic. Articles of manufacture, particularly those for use in medical facilities, comprising the alloy (e.g., as a surface layer) are also described, as are methods of reducing the incidence of microbial infection by providing surfaces comprising the alloy.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include sunscreen formulations that include uniform, rigid, spherical nanoporous calcium phosphate particles. Also provided are methods of making the sunscreen formulations. The sunscreen formulations find use in sunblocking applications.

Abstract: An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

Abstract: Time-release algae-resistant roofing granules have a base particle including an algaecide and an outer coating layer including another algaecide. The at least two algaecides are released over different predetermined periods. The outer layer protects the base particle from exposure to the environment for a predetermined period, then fails catastrophically so that the interior algaecide can be released.

Abstract: Antimicrobial and algaecidal products are disclosed. In general, the antimicrobial or algaecidal products can be adhered to structural components of buildings and include particles that, when combined with water, produce a solution that is toxic to organisms such as algae. The products provide an algaecidal wash as water percolates on, or through the product, and can prevent or control growth of unsightly algae and other microbes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antifouling compositions including at least one spinosyn active material. These compositions provide protection to surfaces coated or impregnated therewith from attachment of various biofouling organisms. Compositions include, for example, paint, varnish, and sealant formulations.

Abstract: Antibacterial metallic nanofoams, substrates having the nanofoam coated thereon, methods for preventing, inhibiting, and/or killing bacterial growth using the metallic nanofoams, and compositions and methods for making the metallic nanofoams.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein include capped nanoparticles having a nanoparticle core and at least one capping agent including a biochemical constituent of wood or a woody plant or a derivative thereof functionally associated to the nanoparticle core. Some embodiments provide for wood products and wood treatment compositions including such capped nanoparticles, and methods for preparing and using such capped nanoparticles to produce treated wood or treated wood products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antimicrobial composition comprising an isothiazolin-3-one, such as 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, a zinc compound selected from zinc salts, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide or combinations thereof, a pyrithione salt or pyrithione acid, and a surfactant selected from the group consisting of (i) an anionic surfactant having a sulfate or sulfonate moiety attached to a straight or branched chain containing from about 10 to about 18 atoms at the backbone of the chain, (ii) an anionic surfactant being an alkylaryl sulfonic acid or salt thereof wherein the alkyl portion contains from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, and the aryl portion contains a benzyl or substituted benzyl group, and combinations thereof. This composition is particularly effective in preventing the growth of various microorganisms in mineral slurries such as aqueous calcium carbonate slurries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the authentication of a product, comprising providing said product with at least one marker, wherein said marker is a phosphorescent marker selected from a set of m phosphorescent markers each having a different emission spectrum, wherein m is an integer equal or greater than 3, and wherein said marker is provided at an amount that results in a phosphor-specific emission below background radiation emitted from said product.

Abstract: A composition for use in construction that is substantially free of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that when applied to a surface produces a smooth or textured, water-shedding (hydrophobic properties), aesthetically-pleasing, protective continuous coating. The coated surface as well as the method of preparing and applying the composition is also provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for forming an environment friendly antifouling coating film that is unlikely to cause a hairline crack and like coating film defects even when immersed in seawater for a long time, and that prevents or inhibits attachment of slime.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for forming an environment friendly antifouling coating film that can effectively exhibit an antifouling effect in seawater for a long period of time and furthermore exhibits a small temperature dependency of the coating film dissolving amount.

Abstract: A biocidal composition is disclosed comprising composite particles, each of the composite particles containing a shell and a core, the core comprising a metal or a metal-containing compound wherein the metal is a moiety selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, bismuth, silver, zirconium, and combinations thereof, the shell comprising a pyrithione adduct comprising the reaction product of pyrithione with a portion of the core metal or metal compound. In one aspect, an anti-fouling composition is disclosed comprising (a) an anti-soft-fouling effective amount of copper pyrithione; and (b) an anti-hard-fouling effective amount of a copper-containing salt, or oxide or hydroxide thereof. The present invention also relates to a method of making an antifouling composition comprising particles of copper pyrithione and a copper-containing salt that is effective against hard-fouling and soft-fouling organisms.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an antifouling paint composition which shows an excellent antifouling effect in seawater for a long period of time, and has excellent adhesion and recoating properties to a substrate. The present invention relates to an antifouling pain composition comprising a copolymer which is obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising silicon-containing polymerizable monomer (a) having two (meth)acryl end groups, and which contains bivalent metal atom. The copolymer is also obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising silicon-containing polymerizable monomer (b) having one (meth)acryl end group, and metal atom containing polymerizable monomer (c,) having two unsaturated groups and metal atom selected from Mg, Zn, and Cu.

Abstract: An ecologically compatible anti-microbial-adhesion agent is described, which is particularly suitable for use in anti-fouling paints, preferably for boats, characterized in that it comprises a compound selected from eugenol, vanillin, benzaldehyde substituted with one or two substituents selected from the groups —OH (hydroxy) and —OCH3 (methoxy), or any combination thereof. An anti-fouling paint is also described, particularly for boats, comprising the anti-microbial-adhesion agent mentioned above and other components selected from conventional biocides, solvents, resins, pigments, charges and fillings, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A stable, low VOC, low viscosity biocide formulation comprising an effective amount of at least one biocide, and a alkyl poly glycol liquid carrier of formula (I): R—O-(AO)n—H, wherein R is a C1-C3 alkyl; AO is an ethyleneoxide group, a propy-leneoxide group, a butyleneoxide group, or a block or random copolymer of two or more groups selected from an ethyleneoxide group, a propyleneoxide group, and a butyleneoxide group; and n is the average number of repeating AO units and is at least 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous composition for outdoor, indoor, facade and roof paints having a biocidal action.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nano-sized photocatalytic sol and application thereof. The invention utilizes spherical nano-photocatalyst and non-spherical photocatalytic sol for coating a photocatalyst layer on a substrate. Because of the stereo, interlaced and composite structure between spherical photocatalyst and non-spherical photocatalyst, a hard and well adhesion coated layer of photocatalyst with good photocatalytic activity can be obtained without using binder.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and processes for the preservation of porous materials, particularly porous fibrous materials, such as wood, wood composites, other processed wood materials, paper, board, card, textiles, rope, cordage and leather. Also for horticultural and agricultural application to plants or growing media prevent the growth and spread of fungal and other disease. The compositions contain salts of one or more preservative metals and carboxylic acids having one or a plurality of hydroxyl groups rendered soluble by means of complex formation with boric acid or a water soluble salt thereof. Application of the compositions of this invention to the porous organic material may be by any means used with conventional preservative solutions, for example soaking, spraying, brushing and vacuum or pressure application or other contact of the solution with the material to be treated.

Abstract: A combination of selected substances in paint to prevent the settlement and growth of different bio-fouling organisms with a reduced negative effect on the ecosystems compared to present methods. Useful substances include medetomidine with various copper and zinc formulations, tolylfluanide, diclofluanide, DIURON™ and IRGAROL™, or more general biocides such as SEANINE™ (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone) or ECONEA™ (2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-4-bromo-5-trifluoromethyl pyrrole).

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a combination of selected substances in paint to prevent the settlement and growth of different biofouling organisms with a reduced negative effect on the ecosystems compared to present methods.

Abstract: Zinc pyrithione and copper pyrithione are highly evaluated in the market as an antidandruff agent for shampoo, or an antifouling agent for ship bottom paint and fish-farming net, or an antibacterial/antifungal agent or preservative/mildewcide for industrial products and household articles. For enhancing the market value thereof, there has been a demand for a product that not only attains an increase in conventional antibacterial/antifungal effects but also exhibits novel bioactive effects and that achieves improvement with respect to problems and drawbacks relating to properties, such as solubility in seawater, and stability, such as thermal stability and weather resistance, of polymer materials. There is provided a novel pyrithione complex compound obtained by converting the conventional pyrithione metal salt to a complex compound with an oxide or hydroxide of metal such as zinc, copper or aluminum.

Abstract: A mineral composition comprised of at least about 90 weight percent of roofing granules, at least about 50 weight percent of calcium carbonate with a hardgrove grindability index of less than about 70, from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of a pigmented material, from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of a composition for inhibiting the growth of an organism selected from the group consisting of algae, bacteria, and mixtures thereof, and less than about 100 parts per million of a metal selected from the group consisting from the group consisting of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver, and less than about 100 parts per million of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The mineral composition, when tested in accordance with by ASTM Standard Test D 4977-03, loses less than 5 grams of material.

Abstract: An aqueous wood-injectable particular-based wood preservative comprising: 1) dispersants in an amount sufficient to maintain biocidal particles in a stable slurry; 2) injectable sub-micron biocidal particles comprising a solid phase of at least one of a sparingly soluble organic biocide, a sparingly soluble copper salt, copper(I)oxide, a sparingly soluble zinc salt, zinc oxide; a sparingly soluble nickel salt; and a sparingly soluble tin salt, wherein less than 2% by weight of the biocidal particles have an average diameter greater than 1 micron, and at least 20% by weight of the biocidal particles have an average diameter greater than 0.08 microns; and 3) at least one pigment particle or dye in an amount sufficient to impart a discernable color or hue to the wood, when compared to wood treated with the same particulate system but without the pigment.

Abstract: A method for preserving wood by injecting into the wood a slurry having: particles of a sparingly soluble copper salt, copper hydroxide, or both, wherein the weight average diameter d50 of the particles in the slurry is between 0.1 microns and 0.7 microns and the d98 of the particles in the slurry is less than about 1 micron; a dispersant; and water. The dispersant is anionic or a mix of anionic and non-ionic. Advantageously, less than 20% by weight of the particles have a diameter less than 20 nanometers. Useful copper salts include basic copper carbonate, tri-basic copper sulfate, copper oxychloride, basic copper nitrate, basic copper borate, copper borate, basic copper phosphate, or copper silicate. The slurry most preferably includes copper hydroxide particles. The slurry further advantageously includes at least one organic biocide, wherein at least a portion of the organic biocide is coated on the particles.

Abstract: The invention provides a cost-effective and practical acid resistant porcelain enamel with antimicrobial properties for steel substrates. The invention provides a porcelain enamel coating which has an optimum range of zinc content and other enamel constituents wherein outstanding antimicrobial performance is achieved without significant degradation of other important properties such as acid resistance.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for treating products containing wood fibers to provide protection against wood destroying organisms and fire, and resistance against leaching of the preservative from the wood by water in exposed environments such as exterior applications. The methods involve applying to a substrate a first aqueous composition containing a boron compound, a source of zinc, and ammonia, followed by application of a second aqueous composition containing an alkali metal silicate. The compositions may be applied by vacuum and/or pressure treatment or dip treatment under atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Complexes of ibuprofen and copper and/or zinc were solubilized in ammoniacal solution providing preservative solutions that fully penetrate wood. With loss of the ammonia from the wood, the complexes were stably retained in the wood providing a long lasting preservative.

Abstract: The present invention provides wood preservative compositions comprising micronized particles. In one embodiment, the composition comprises dispersions of micronized metal or metal compounds. In another embodiment, the wood preservative composition comprises an inorganic biocide comprising a metal or metal compound and organic biocide. When the composition comprises an inorganic biocide and an organic biocide, the inorganic biocide or the organic biocide or both are present as micronized particles. When compositions of the present invention are used for preservation of wood, there is minimal leaching of the metal and biocide from the wood.

Abstract: A mineral composition comprised of at least about 90 weight percent of roofing granules, at least about 50 weight percent of calcium carbonate with a hardgrove grindability index of less than about 70, from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of a pigmented material, from about 0.1 to about 1.0 weight percent of a composition for inhibiting the growth of an organism selected from the group consisting of algae, bacteria, and mixtures thereof, and less than about 100 parts per million of a metal selected from the group consisting from the group consisting of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver, and less than about 100 parts per million of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The mineral composition, when tested in accordance with by ASTM Standard Test D 4977-03, loses less than 5 grams of material.

Abstract: A material and method for treating timber. The material comprises a preservative and a carrier. The carrier is selected such that it remains mobile within the wood and provides for migration of the preservative within the treated wood. By providing a carrier which is mobile within the wood, the timber has a ‘self healing’ effect wherein the carrier/preservative migrates to any freshly cut or exposed surface of the wood to thereby redistribute and treat such a surface within the preservative and hence maintain integrity of a treatment envelope surrounding the wood.

Abstract: Disclosed are marine coating compositions that are useful to inhibit the fouling of a marine structure by a broad spectrum of organisms. Generally, the marine coating composition comprises an antifouling agent and an organic vehicle.

Abstract: A building material adapted for controlling growth of vegetative fungi from spores having a compressed calcium sulfate layer, a paper layer over the sulfate layer, an adhesive for securing the paper layer to the sulfate layer; an amount of between about 30 wt % to 50 wt % of a salt of formic acid disposed on the paper layer thereby forming sheet rock with an ionic lattice on the surface to prevent vegetative growth from fungi spores, and a paint, an adhesive, a sealant, and an insulation each containing an antifungal amount of a salt of formic acid, such as potassium formate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compatibilizing dispersant used in a slurry composition comprising a strongly cationic component and a strongly anionic component. More specifically, the invention relates to stable aqueous slurries comprising suspended particles of sparingly soluble salts, oxide, and/or hydroxides of copper and/or zinc. The slurry further comprises a quaternary amine compound present in a biocidally effective amount when the slurry is used in a manner that provides the sparingly soluble copper and/or zinc containing particles in a biocidally effective amount. The slurry further comprises an effective amount of a dispersant having a large non-ionic component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating composition comprising zinc particles and a binder wherein the zinc particles contain at least 80% by weight of zinc flake and wherein the zinc particle to binder weight ratio is between 2:1 to 9:1. The coating composition may be an anti-corrosive composition or an antifouling composition. The coating composition may also inhibit or galvanize rust formation. The coating composition is of particular use in the marine industry.

Abstract: An aqueous wood preservation composition containing inorganic polymers of one or more of the following metals is disclosed; aluminum (approximately 3.8%–7.0% as Al2O3), zirconium (approximately 5.25%–9.1% as ZrO2), copper (approximately 0.7%–8.8% as CuO) and a fixing agent such as acetic acid or sodium acetate. The pH is adjusted to be between 2.0–4.0 using an inorganic base such as copper carbonate. The invention includes wood and cellulose fibers treated by the composition of the present invention as well as methods of preserving wood and cellulose fibers using the compositions.

Abstract: A novel antifouling paint composition is disclosed. The antifouling paint composition comprises a resin of 5 to 20 wt %, a solvent of 3 to 30 wt %; a polyhexamethyleneguanidine salt of the following chemical formula 1 of 0.05 to 20 wt %, a pigment of 1 to 50 wt %; and cuprous oxide of 22 to 75 wt % and/or zinc pyrithione of the following chemical formula 2 of 0.05 to 20 wt %; wherein in chemical formula 1, X can be the same or different, and at least one of X is an inorganic acid salt or an organic acid salt; R1 can be the same or different, and is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a chlorophenyl group, a bromophenyl group, an iodophenyl group, a benzyl group, a chlorobenzyl group, a bromobenzyl group, a iodobenzyl group, a phenethyl group, a naphthyl group or a hydrogen; and n is an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: Use of internal gas-forming compound to adjust coating porosity to control copper release rates in algae-retardant roofing granule products.

Abstract: A composition for a slurry for manufacture of acoustical panels includes one or more fillers, one or more binders, water and zinc pyrithione. At least of the fillers and/or binders includes microbial nutrients in an amount of at least 1% based on the dry weight of the acoustical panel. In another embodiment of the invention, acoustical panels include a core having a plurality of opposing surfaces and being at least ? inches thick. The core comprises the dried product of a slurry of fillers, binders and water. Zinc pyrithione is present in at least one of the core and a coating applied to at least one of the surfaces of the core.

Abstract: An antifouling coating composition comprising (A) a silyl ester copolymer containing constituent units derived from a polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid silyl ester; (B) a carboxylic acid; (C) a bivalent or trivalent metal compound; and (D) a dehydrating agent. It is preferred that the component (C) be contained in an amount of 1.2 equivalents or more, in terms of the number of equivalents of metal as a constituent of the component (C), per equivalent of carboxyl group of the carboxylic acid (B); that the component (C) be a bivalent metal compound; and that the component (C) be a compound of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium and barium.

Abstract: Improved area decontamination products and methods of use thereof are provided which include reactive nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxides, hydroxides and mixtures thereof) with one or more biocides and a liquid carrier for the nanoparticles and biocide(s). The products may be formulated for area decontamination as sprays, fogs, aerosols, pastes, gels, wipes or foams, and the presence of reactive nanoparticles enhances the neutralization of undesirable chemical or biological compounds or agents. The nanoparticles may be from the group consisting of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, actinide and lanthanide oxides and hydroxides and mixtures thereof. In preferred forms, nanocrystalline oxides and hydroxides of Al, Ca, Ce, Mg, Sr, Sn, Ti and Zn are employed having single crystallite sizes of up to about 20 nm and surface areas of at least about 15 m2/g.

Abstract: Aluminophosphate compounds and compositions as can be used for substrate or composite films and coating to provide or enhance, without limitation, planarization, anti-biofouling and/or anti-microbial properties.

Abstract: A mollusc repellent, which includes a substantially insoluble metal oxalate and a suitable carrier therefor, which exhibits prolonged efficacy. The mollusc repellent is environmentally friendly, being both non-phytotoxic and harmless to non-target animals, and is therefore suitable for use in sustainable agriculture, where the use of toxic chemicals is unacceptable. The mollusc repellent can be used in the form of a solid or as a coating composition.

Abstract: A material and method for treating timber. The material comprises a preservative and a carrier. The carrier is selected such that it remains mobile within the wood and provides for migration of the preservative within the treated wood. By providing a carrier which is mobile within the wood, the timber has a ‘self healing’ effect wherein the carrier/preservative migrates to any freshly cut or exposed surface of the wood to thereby redistribute and treat such a surface within the preservative and hence maintain integrity of a treatment envelope surrounding the wood.

Abstract: A composition for protecting wood from decay, mildew, sapstain, and ultraviolet light degradation which comprises zinc oxide in combination with dimethylalkylamine salts and monocarboxylic acids containing one to four carbons wherein the weight ratio of dimethylalkylamine salt to zinc oxide ranges from 1 to 10 to 10 to 1, and the stoichiometric ratio of monocarboxylic acid to zinc oxide ranges from 0.5 to 1.5.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antimicrobial agent consisting of glass which comprises 50 to 60 mole % of ZnO, 20 to 30 mole % of at least one member selected from the group consisting of B2O3 and P2O5, 1 to 10 mole % of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al2O3 and ZrO2, 5 to 10 mole % of an alkali metal oxide and 0 to 15 mole % of SiO2 and an antimicrobial agent consisting of glass which comprises 50 to 70 mole % of ZnO, 20 to 35 mole % of P2O5, 0.5 to 10 mole % of Al2O3, 0.5 to 10 mole % of SnO2, 0 to 5 mole % of SiO2 and 5 to 10 mole % of an alkali metal oxide as well as an antimicrobial resin composition and antimicrobial artificial marble, each of which comprises a resin and the antimicrobial agent blended therewith. The antimicrobial resin composition and the antimicrobial artificial marble are excellent in their antimicrobial properties, resistance to color change and water resistance.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a resin for use in an antifouling coating which is a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer(s) and having, at side chain terminals thereof, a trisubstituted borane-amine complex and an azomethine group, or a group represented by the following general formula (1): (wherein M represents a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt, - - - means a chemically bound state, W represents —N(R1)R2— (in which R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms), —OCO—, —OSO2— or L represents an alkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer of 0 to 4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing compositions containing a biocidal compound or adsorbent and/or catalyst compound and the compositions thereof. The invention also relates to a method for reducing or eliminating the amount of a bioactive agent or contaminant from an environment by contacting the environment with the composition of for a sufficient time to reduce or eliminate the amount of the bioactive agent or contaminant in the environment.

Abstract: An aqueous wood preservation composition containing inorganic polymers of one or more of the following metals is disclosed; aluminum (approximately 3.8%-7.0% as Al2O3), zirconium (approximately 5.25%-9.1% as ZrO2), copper (approximately 0.7%-8.8% as CuO) and a fixing agent such as acetic acid or sodium acetate. The pH is adjusted to be between 2.0-4.0 using an inorganic base such as copper carbonate. The invention includes wood and cellulose fibers treated by the composition of the present invention as well as methods of preserving wood and cellulose fibers using the compositions.