Abstract: The present invention relates to a glossy part of radiation is estimated coming from a surface illuminated by area light source(s) having source surface(s) (A) bounded by edge curves, by determining integrand function(s) representative of that glossy part. The latter corresponding to an integration of the integrand function along the edge curves. In this respect, the integrand function(s) is/are approximated by means of peak-shape function(s) having a known antiderivative over the edge curves, and the glossy part is computed from analytical expressions associated with integrations of the peak-shape function(s) along the edge curves. Such invention can offer efficient and accurate computation for specular part of reflection as well as glossy transmission, and is notably relevant to real-time rendering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a detergent composition including pigment granules containing (A) from 10 to 95% by mass of a water-insoluble pigment, and (B) at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl alcohol derivative, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a polyvinyl pyrrolidone derivative; and [2] a process for producing the detergent composition according to the above [1], including the steps of mixing and granulating a powder containing the water-insoluble pigment (A) and a solution of the component (B) to obtain a granulated product; drying the resulting granulated product to obtain the pigment granules; and mixing the pigment granules with a detergent.

Abstract: A process for dispersing agglomerates or clusters of particles utilizing pressure generated from volatilization of an interstitial liquid. More particularly, the method relates to infusing the particles with a first liquid, placing the infused particles in a second liquid or fluid having a higher boiling point than the first liquid and heating the composition to a temperature above the boiling point of the first liquid thereby resulting in breakage of the particles. Compositions including particles dispersed by interstitial liquid vaporization are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite material includes a polymer matrix and a pigment dispersed in the polymer matrix. The pigment includes an alumina hydrate particulate material and a dye. The dye is covalently bonded to a surface of the alumina hydrate particulate material.

Abstract: The invention relates to an insulation material board composed of a wood material/binder fiber mixture and to a method for producing an insulation material board, in which an additive with a thermally resistant core and with a thermally activatable coating is added to the mixture, and the thermally activatable coating is activated by the supply of heat. An insulation material board may be composed of a wood material/binder mixture, including an additive having thermosetting and thermoplastic portions, wherein the thermosetting portion is a thermosetting plastic that forms a core and the thermoplastic portion forms a thermally activatable coating that at least partially encloses the core.

Abstract: Composition and process for preparing darkened headlap, the composition having base granules treated with a suspension containing: a hydrocarbon oil or a hydrocarbon/drying oil mixture; carbon black; and an organosilicon compound of formula I RnSi(OR′)4−n wherein R is a large organic group, such as a long-chain alkyl group, R′ is lower alkyl of 1-6 carbons, and n is 1-3, or a siloxane polymer of two or more silane units.

Abstract: A pigment coating formulation for use in cosmetics and method of application to pigments is disclosed. The combination of a carboxylic acid and a metal salt of a carboxylic acid provides for an improved coating and advantages in pigment suspension, dispersion and product stability in nail polish.

Abstract: A flushing vehicle for lithographic inks is the reaction product of a tall oil rosin-modified maleic ester resin with an acid number of less than about 30, and about 2-16 wt. %, based on the weight of the ester, of a polyamide resin with an amine number less than about 110. The flushing vehicle is prepared by heating a reaction mixture containing the rosin-modified ester and the polyamide resin to a temperature of about 190.degree.-280.degree. C.; and holding at a temperature of 190.degree.-280.degree. C. until the viscosity of the reaction mixture becomes constant.

Abstract: A colored metallic pigment comprising a metallic pigment, a coloring pigment, and a thermally polymerized carboxylic acid having at least one double bond and at least two carboxylic groups prepared by the thermal polymerization of at least one double bond-containing carboxylic acid, the coloring pigment being chemically adsorbed on the surface of the metallic pigment via the thermally polymerized carboxylic acid. The colored metallic pigment may be coated with a polymer composed of a radical polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid and a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable double bond. A bright paint, bright ink and bright plastics which contain the colored metallic pigment are also disclosed.

Abstract: An ink is produced without flushing by forming both an emulsion of a selected organic liquid and water and an aqueous suspension of a pigment. The emulsion and the pigment are then mixed together, whereby the pigment is phase-transferred from the aqueous phase to the non-aqueous phase, and whereby a mixture is formed. The mixture is concentrated (e.g. via filtration) and added to an ink mixing tank where the remaining water is removed by evaporation and wherein the remaining ingredients are added so that the ink is produced.

Abstract: A pigment material, the surfaces of which are treated with a saturated fatty acid triglyceride having an iodine value of not more than 5. The treated pigment material, which is used in cosmetics, has strong water repellency, feels smooth, and adheres well to the skin.

Abstract: Process for mass-coloring high-molecular organic material, which comprises using a metal complex of the formulae I and/or Ia ##STR1## in which R is a hydrogen or chlorine atom or a methyl or methoxy group, R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, --NO.sub.2, --CONH.sub.2 --CONHR.sub.2 or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -N-alkylcarbamoyl, X is --CH.dbd. or --N.dbd., M is a divalent transition metal, and A is phenyl or substituted phenyl and R.sub.2 is alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl.The resulting colorations are distinguished by high tinctorial strength and good fastness properties, such as light, weathering and migration fastness properties.

Abstract: A method of producing a pigment-hydrophobic organic vehicle product which comprises:A. providing an emulsion which comprises:1. an organic liquid selected from the group consisting of:(a) oleophilic resins(b) organic solvents and(c) mixtures thereof,2. an emulsification agent and3. waterB. forming a water slurry of a pigment,C. admixing said emulsion with said pigment slurry,D. forcing said emulsion and pigment slurry mixture through a concentration zone andE. flushing said mixture with a hydrophillic organic vehicle.

Abstract: A process for treating an aqueous slurry of pigment which comprises adding to the aqueous slurry a halogenated carbon medium which is in liquid state at room temperature and has at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorine atom and chlorine atom in the molecule; agitating the aqueous slurry vigorously; separating the pigment in a form of cake containing the halogenated carbon medium; and drying the cake. According to the process of the present invention, a filtering step and a washing step can be eliminated and energy for drying can be greatly reduced. The pigment product obtained is excellent in brilliancy and clearness.

Abstract: A thixotropic agent for organic solvent-based surface-coating compositions is the product of the reaction of a polypentaerythritol component comprising tripentaerythritol with a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component comprising acids having 20 to 22 carbon atoms in amounts that provide from 0.40 mole to 0.96 mole of carboxyl groups per mole of hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A method for transferring an organic pigment from an aqueous pulp of the pigment to a water-immiscible organic vehicle. This method comprising mixing the aqueous pulp and vehicle with a petroleum sulfonate flushing aid and at least one flushing aid selected from the class consisting of sulfonated sperm oil, sulfated sperm oil, and mixtures thereof until a major portion of the water present in said pulp separates.

Abstract: An inorganic pigment exhibiting improved gloss and distribution in lacquer binders, carrying a coating comprising a polyhydrogen siloxane and an alkanolamine. Advantageously the alkanolamine comprises at least one of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol-1, the polyhydrogen siloxane is a polymethylhydrogen siloxane having more than 5 Si atoms, and the pigment comprises TiO.sub.2 or a titanate carrying an inorganic coating, the polyhydrogen siloxane plus alkanolamine ranging from about 0.3 to 1% by weight of the pigment and the ratio by weight of the polyhydrogen siloxane to alkanolamine ranging from about 1:2 to 1:5.

Abstract: An inorganic pigment exhibiting improved gloss and distribution in lacquer binders, carrying a coating comprising a SiOH-containing organosilicon compound and an alkanolamine. Advantageously the alkanolamine comprises at least one of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol-1, the organosilicon compound is of the formula ##STR1## wherein n>3, R and R.sup.1 each independently is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein m>1, the organosilicon compound having an OH:Si ratio within the range of about 1:1 to 1:20, and the pigment comprises TiO.sub.2 or a titanate carrying an inorganic coating, the organosilicon compound plus alkanolamine ranging from about 0.3 to 1% by weight of the organosilicon compound to alkanolamine ranging from about 1:2 to 1:5.

Abstract: In the method for transferring an organic pigment from an aqueous pulp to a water-immiscible hydrophobic organic vehicle the improvement to achieve low initial viscosity, good shelf stability, and good tint strength comprising incorporating an additive selected from the class of sulfonated sperm oil, sulfated sperm oil and mixtures thereof with said vehicle and said pigment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing a pigment-organic vehicle product, commonly referred to as "flush" by those versed in the art, which comprises forcing a pigment-containing aqueous pulp-organic vehicle mixture through a chamber comprising a set of at least two adjoining partial cylindrical surfaces, said chamber having defined at one end thereof at least one axial opening and at least one second opening spaced from the axial opening. The mixture is forced through the chamber and axial opening by a set of at least two rotating helical surfaces whereby the product is extruded through the axial openings. The water exits from the chamber through the second opening or openings.

Abstract: A process for producing a pigment or dyestuff composition in the form of dustless readily dispersible granules, which process comprises contacting, with agitation, an aqueous dispersion of a pigment and a composition comprising one or more organic acids which are liquid at temperatures below 100.degree. C. or their salts, at a pH value at which the acid is insoluble in water, the temperature being maintained during contacting above the melting point of the acid until the pigment has completely transferred into the organic phase; increasing the pH to a value suitable to render the acid soluble in water and recovering the resulting granules.

Abstract: Dispersion adjuvants are described comprising .beta.-hydroxyalkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 21 carbon atoms, in which at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is alkyl and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 ranges from 6 to 22, and wherein R.sub.3 represents alkyl with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups and/or interrupted by 1 to 2 ether bridges, as well as the adducts of compounds of Formula I with alkylene oxides, preferably ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. The dispersion adjuvants are coated on pigment and filler materials for paints and lacquers. The coating is applied before or during the dispersion of the materials in the paint or lacquer media or vehicle.

Abstract: The production of iron blue pigment compositions by a flushing process has been found to be improved by carrying out the flushing step in the presence of an amine flushing agent and incorporating into the composition during or after flushing at least one surfactant of the polyoxyethylene type. The resulting iron blue compositions have improved consistency and dispersibility in printing inks, paints and the like.

Abstract: The specification relates to a thickening composition containing a silicate, an ether or ester and a cellulose. The specification relates also to a process for thickening an aqueous organic system with this composition.

Abstract: Colored organic solid particles of potential value as pigments are partially milled to an extent less than that required to develop full pigmentary strength by size reduction and further conditioned concurrently with a flushing step. The organic pigment particles are transferred from an aqueous dispersion to an organic hydrophobic vehicle in the presence of an organic breaching agent. The resulting flushed pigmented vehicle has pigmentary strength at least equal to that obtained by fully conditioning the crude particles without the breaching treatment. The conditioned pigments need not be recovered as a dry powdered product. The process is valuable in the manufacture of flushed phthalocyanines, quinacridones, etc., with substantial improvement in equipment utilization in milling. The flushed pigmented vehicles are useful in manufacture of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, color concentrates, and formulations for mass coloration of plastics.

Abstract: The present invention involves the production of glossy emulsion pigment-containing coating compositions in which the pigment is coated with an organic compound capable of adhering to the pigment surface when the coated pigment is emulsified and capable of rendering said pigment surface oilophilic and the coating is applied to the pigment prior to emulsification thereof and prior to dispersion of the coated pigment in the oil phase.