Abstract: A process removes substances from fluids, especially from exhaust gases of combustion plants, by contacting the fluid to be purified with Puzzolanes that contain at least 5% by weight of silicon and/or aluminum-compounds. These compounds can be dissolved away under the conditions prevailing during purification, such that they are excavated from the Puzzolanes.

Abstract: A coffee yarn and a fabric using the same are provided herein and the fabric includes a plurality of coffee yarns and a plurality of weaving yarns. The coffee yarns are arranged in parallel and each one of the coffee yarns includes a yarn body and multiple coffee particles. The yarn body has a wavy strip shape and includes a plurality of bending sections and a plurality of non-bending sections. The coffee particles are embedded within the yarn body. A density of the coffee particles in the bending sections is greater than a density of the coffee particles in the non-bending sections. The weaving yarns are arranged in parallel and the weaving yarns are alternately weaved with the coffee yarns.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a plant for producing asphalt mixture and is directed in particular to the recycling of recovered asphalt. In order to achieve recycling of up to 100% recovered asphalt and to produce an asphalt mixture with the required quality, it is provided according to the invention that at least the drying and heating of the asphalt granulate and/or aggregates are carried out in a low oxygen atmosphere. The low oxygen atmosphere is achieved by supplying low oxygen gases with an oxygen content of maximum 10%, preferably with an oxygen content of maximum 5%. The conveyance of the heated and dried asphalt granulate and/or aggregates, the siloing and mixing with bitumen to form a new, incorporation-ready asphalt mixture also usefully take place in a low oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: A dry papercrete mix is formed by preparing a wet pulp of fiber material such as newsprint and sharp sand by mixing sand, fiber material and water in a batch or continuous mixer, drying the pulp to a moisture content below that which will cause a reaction with Portland cement and adding additional sand and/or pumice and Portland cement. The resulting dry mix can then be handled, stored and used in the manner which is conventional for concrete. The dry papercrete mix can also be applied by pouring the dry papercrete mix into a form in a dry state and injecting water into the dry mix until the mix is sufficiently wetted without mixing in the manner common for concrete. Structural modules and a technique for joining them into a structure are particularly appropriate to the use of dry application papercrete.

Abstract: A process extracts and reclaims the components of an asphalt-based material having as constituents at least asphalt and one or more solid materials. A solvent for asphalt dissolves the asphalt constituent to form a slurry of asphalt-solvent liquid and the solid materials. The liquid and the solids in the slurry are then separated. The liquid is separated into solvent and asphalt. The solids, when of more than one type, are separated into at least one pure constituent solid. In a preferred embodiment, the process runs in a continuous mode with the various materials flowing as streams into spaces where steps of the process operate. The process can be used for both worn roofing shingles and for asphalt paving.

Abstract: A method of integration of concentration-dehydration and aerobic air-drying of sewage sludge comprises the following steps: (a) conditioning by an organic agent (3); (b) gravitationally concentrating (5) the residual sludge conditioned by the organic agent; (c) conditioning by inorganic agents (7); (d) mechanically dehydrating (8); (e) crushing and dispersing (10); and (t) aerobically air-drying (11).

Abstract: The core of the present invention resides in supplying pigment in a kind of “basic grade”, preferably as a solid, and milling in an aqueous phase in situ in a satellite milling plant to obtain the desired whiteness and grain size. As a result of this invention, papermakers are no longer bound to predetermined particle sizes of the fresh pigments and/or fresh fillers and pigment slurries obtainable from suppliers of raw materials. Papermakers are capable of preparing themselves pigment slurries in a satellite plant in situ according to the current needs. This permits a flexible and quick reaction to changing quality and production requirements, as well as lower shipping costs because no water is shipped as would be necessary in the usual slurry, and an improved stability of the self-prepared pigment slurry, as compared to the prior art.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for introducing and/or adding non-dry-powder additive materials and/or coating materials with a liquid, solid, semi-solid, or paste-like consistency or in suspended or emulsified form, for example, peroxides, fats, waxes, IV improvers, polymers, or similar materials, to an existing lumpy or particulate material which is moved and mixed, and optionally warmed and reduced to small pieces in a receptacle and/or compressor (1), said material being in particular polymer particles and/or flakes, wood fibers, paper cuttings, or similar materials. According to the invention, the additive material is introduced below the level of the material and/or material particles already in the receptacle (1).

Abstract: A cement additive contains industrial waste and has the effect of inhibiting formation of monosulfate in a hardened cementitious material. The cement additive contains specifically calcium carbonate, gypsum and coal ash and/or blast-furnace slag powder. This enables efficient use of industrial waste, allows inhibiting monosulfate formation in the hardened cementitious material, and allows producing a hardened cementitious material having good durability (sulfate resistance).

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufactured aggregate material that converts waste materials and/or recyclable materials into construction material. By mixing waste materials with an acid solution and a metal oxide solution, any harmful contaminates in the waste materials are encapsulated and rendered into hard pellets that are suitable for use in conglomerates or composites such as concrete. The manufactured aggregate material may be adjusted for moisture content, density, heat capacity, and other parameters.

Abstract: A filler comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibrils on which light-scattering material particles have been deposited, and a process for the manufacture thereof. In the filler according to the invention, an alkyl derivative of cellulose, such as CMC, has been sorbed to the fibrils. Such a filler can be prepared from a source material containing cellulose or lignocellulose fibrils by first forming a fibril suspension, into which there are fed source materials forming an inorganic or organic salt that, when precipitating, forms a light-scattering pigment. The filler according to the invention has very good strength properties; in particular, good bond strength is achieved by means of it. The concentration of mineral pigment in paper can be increased and, furthermore, the grammage of paper can be lowered without the other important properties of the paper deteriorating.

Abstract: An asphalt mastic is prepared by combining comminuted waste solids from a petroleum refinery with liquid asphalt that is either a hot asphalt or an asphalt emulsion. The resulting composition is similar in performance to Trinidad Lake Asphalt and is useful either on its own or as a binder for asphalt-aggregate compositions, in both cases optionally in combination with polymeric additives that are common in the asphalt industry.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a filler derived from cereal husk, more particularly rice husk, in composite materials to enhance the flame retardant, antistatic, accelerator, plasticiser and blowing characteristics in various composite materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems of incorporating a mineral based particulate into Portland cement including agglomerating a particulate material and an agglomerating material to produce an additive, introducing the additive into a raw feed before burning the raw feed. By introducing the additive before burning, minerals are added to cement clinker.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at a synthetic lightweight aggregate composition comprising fly ash and a mixture of two or more polymer components. More specifically, the present invention is also directed at a lightweight concrete which cures to a hardened cementious composite comprising Portland cement, water in a weight ratio of between about 0.2 and 0.7 of the water to the Portland cement, synthetic lightweight aggregate in a weight ratio of between about 0.1 and 0.5 of the synthetic lightweight aggregate to the cement, wherein the synthetic lightweight aggregate comprises fly ash and two or more polymer components.

Abstract: Disclosed are amorphous precipitated silicas, silica gels, and amorphous carbons derived from biomass and methods of producing them with and without adhered or deposited amorphous carbons produced by acidifying a caustic silicate solution produced by caustic digestion of biomass ash containing silica with and without activated carbon, the ash being obtained from thermal pyrolysis of the biomass, the acidifying effective to produce a slurry of the precipitated silica and silica gels with and without adhered or deposited amorphous carbon, and separated from the slurry the precipitated silicas and silica gels with and without the adhered or deposited amorphous carbons. The properties of the precipitated silica with adhered or deposited carbon being within the range as utilized in rubber compositions thereby avoiding the blending of silica and carbon components for such use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method to produce grade road base material using recycled oilfield waste, called “oil and gas waste,” and aggregate waste and a novel road base material. Hydration and mixing of the waste materials along with a binder, will achieve an irreversible pozzolanic chemical reaction necessary for stabilization into a road base. An asphalt emulsifier may be included in the binder to manufacture asphalt stabilized road base. The entire method is a cold batch process.

Abstract: A manufactured granular substrate composition suitable for use as a carrier for active chemical agents. The composition includes one or more mineral components having a bulk density greater than about 70 pounds per cubic foot. The composition also contains about one or more light weight additives and one or more water soluble binders. The resulting manufactured granular substrate has a bulk density of less than about 55 pounds per cubic foot with a size guide number of about 75 to about 300.

Abstract: Construction material from granular material reclaimed from the ash of a municipal waste combustor wherein the ash is subjected to sorting and separating recovered metals, the granular material including particles having a maximum particle diameter of 5 to 40 mm, a U-coefficient of 10 or more, and ignition loss of 10% or less in weight and being subjected to at least one heavy metal immobilization agent, preferably phosphoric acid; and a second heavy metal immobilization agent consisting of ferrous sulfate. The ash is further subjected to drying before subjecting the ash to the at least one heavy metal immobilization agent. The ash is further subjected to mulling the material after subjecting the ash to the at least one heavy metal immobilization agent.

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reducing “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reduce “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rigid fine-celled light-weight foam composition and a method of producing it which has improved retention of liquids by absorption/adsorption which improves the thermal insulation and fire retardant properties of the fine-celled foam particularly suited for use in double walled tanks and hollow canopies, building panels, profiles, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are amorphous precipitated silicas, silica gels, and amorphous carbons derived from biomass and methods of producing them with and without adhered or deposited amorphous carbons produced by acidifying a caustic silicate solution produced by caustic digestion of biomass ash containing silica with and without activated carbon, the ash being obtained from thermal pyrolysis of the biomass, the acidifying effective to produce a slurry of the precipitated silica and silica gels with and without adhered or deposited amorphous carbon, and separated from the slurry the precipitated silicas and silica gels with and without the adhered or deposited amorphous carbons. The properties of the precipitated silica with adhered or deposited carbon being within the range as utilized in rubber compositions thereby avoiding the blending of silica and carbon components for such use.

Abstract: A manufactured granular substrate composition suitable for use as a carrier for active chemical agents. The composition includes about 65 wt % or more of one or more mineral components having a bulk density greater than about 70 pounds per cubic foot. The composition also contains about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % of one or more light weight additives and up to 20 wt % of one or more water soluble binders. The resulting manufactured granular substrate is readily dispersable in water and has a bulk density of less than about 55 pounds per cubic foot with a size guide number of about 100 to about 230.

Abstract: Carotenoid preparations in the form of coldwater-dispersible powders are produced bya) preparing a molecular-disperse solution of a carotenoid, with or without an emulsifier and/or an edible oil, in a volatile, water-miscible, organic solvent at elevated temperature and adding therein an aqueous solution of a protective colloid, whereupon the hydrophilic solvent component is transferred into the aqueous phase, and the hydrophobic phase of the carotenoid results as nanodisperse phase,b) heating the resulting hydrosol at from 40.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., with or without cooling of the hydrosol to from 0.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. beforehand, andc) removing the solvent and the water from the heated hydrosol, and converting it into a water-dispersible dry powder.

Abstract: A tomato pigment is obtained by centrifuging a treated mass of tomato, collecting the liquid portion thereof, passing it through a microfilter, recovering the retentate, preferably mixing this retentate with an organic solvent with stirring, and removing the extraction fractionated organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a method for manufacturing a natural blue pigment that can be used in food products and the like, and the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a blue pigment, comprising the steps of combining and warming the reaction product of PeCSO and alliinase, an amino acid, and allicin in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Materials containing fine natural organic material particles are disclosed. As the fine particles, superfine silk fibroin particles are produced by a process comprising a first step of comminuting silk fibroin into coarse particles with dry mechanical comminuting means, a second step of comminuting the coarse silk fibroin particles into fine particles with dry mechanical comminuting means, and a third step of comminuting the fine silk fibroin particles into superfine particles with an average particle diameter of 10 .mu.m or below with dry mechanical comminuting means, the silk fibroin particles being beta-treated during or after at least one of the first to third comminuting steps. Specific examples of the material are films, sheets, paints, fiber treating materials, etc.

Abstract: A process for utilizing waste by combining of the waste with a mineral based solid material forming an additive. This additive is included as an ingredient in the manufacture of Portland cement with the additive being added to the cement clinker after heat treating of the raw material constituents producing the cement clinker.

Abstract: A natural composition for preventing the growth of barnacles, grass, worms and the like on the hull of a boat or ship. The natural, powdered crustacean shell-based composition makes it easy to remove slime and scum formation and is safe to use on all boats or ships, including aluminum and steel. The natural composition incorporates pulverized, powdered, complete crustacean shells as the active ingredient, namely powdered mussel shells or the like.

Abstract: A pigment composition is disclosed, obtained from intaglio or engraved steel die printing ink wastes. The wastes containing pigment, ink resins, extenders, and other minor components, are dried, ground and sieved to give a dry pigment composition. This pigment composition is optionally blended with plasticizers to give a pasty composition.These compositions are useful to color and plasticize synthetic plastics materials such as sheetings, PVC leather and films.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition is provided which reflects light, especially UV radiation, and can be colored as desired. It is prepared from a synthetic resin dispersion and inorganic pigments having a particle size ranging between 7 and 10 nm, with the exception of carbon black.

Abstract: System and method for low temperature treatment of organic wastes containing potentially toxic concentrations of metals is described which comprises forming the waste material into pellets of preselected size, mixing the pellets with inert material, incrementally heating the mixture in air from about 200.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. in order to oxidize the pellets to the corresponding ash containing the metals, collecting the ash, and combining the ash with inert material and binder to form a solidified compact for disposal.

Abstract: A low brightness pigment and method is provided from a heretofore rejected waste kaolin stream. Kaolin processing rejects are high in iron-stained TiO.sub.2. After separating the stained TiO.sub.2 from the high brightness kaolin and concentrating the resulting fraction, the material can be processed to produce a low brightness pigment suitable of many applications where lower brightness is desirable, such as coating paper board without mottling.

Abstract: A composition for use as a paint detackifying and sedimentation agent is disclosed, which includes 60 to 80% by weight of alumina Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in pseudoboehmite or boehmite form, either in X-ray amorphous form or with a crystallite size of 20 to 150 A. The composition of the invention may include foam inhibitors, or other conventional additives. A process for use of the composition of the invention is also disclosed in which the composition is added as a 5-30% aqueous dispersion or in dry form to the circulating water of a paint spraying booth and used in a quantity of 1 to 10% by weight, based on 1 kg of the paint to be detackified.

Abstract: Aggregation of kaolin particles by wet processing using a hydrothermal technique is described. Calcined clay is first digested in a solution containing NaOH and the obtained sodium silicate solution is separated. Aggregation of uncalcined clay particles by hydrothermal treatment is then carried out using the obtained solution. The method enables aggregation of low grade clays unsuitable for calcination. A two-stage hydrothermal process is also described. Bleaching with oxygen or bleaching compounds may be effected during hydrothermal treatment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a granular building material from refuse. Cylindrical granules, having a diameter of 8 mm and a length from 10 to 20 mm, are formed by granulation under a pressure of 600 bar of a homogeneous first powder mixture of 952 kg of crushed household refuse, 50 kg of quicklime and 5 kg of calcium carbonate. The granules are heated at 200.degree. C. for 30 minutes in a rotary tubular kiln so as to obtain 720 kg of granules having a moisture content of about 1% by weight. These granules are finely crushed and, in a malaxator, a second powder mixture is prepared which is composed of a mixture of 101 kg of Portland cement, 101 kg of powdered dolomite, 91 kg of calcium carbonate and 50.5 kg of water, and the fine powder resulting from the crushing of the granules. Finally, the second mixture is granulated under a pressure of 600 bar and the granules are left to harden with the setting of the cement. The final granular building material may be employed as granulate for making concrete.