Abstract: A method is provided for producing a microfiber-reinforced high-strength concrete, comprising a cement matrix with a microfiber addition. The fiber elements have a shape-memory alloy. The method has at least the following steps: training a fiber shape of the fiber elements at a temperature above a transition temperature, wherein the fiber shape allows the fiber elements to latch; cooling the trained fiber elements; plastically deforming the fiber elements from the trained fiber shape into an intermediate form by means of which the fiber elements are prevented from latching; introducing the fiber elements into the cement matrix in order to form a fresh concrete; and casting the fresh concrete and heating the fresh concrete to the transition temperature such that the fiber elements reform into the fiber shape, thereby latching the fiber elements. The invention additionally relates to a microfiber-reinforced concrete which is produced using such a method.

Abstract: A concrete product set by pouring a concrete slurry includes a) a concrete mixture; b) a graphene oxide admixture; c) a colloidal silica admixture; and d) at least one reinforcing fiber selected from the group of fibers. As the poured concrete slurry cures, the poured slurry hardens into a composite material product, and the composite material defines capillary structures that at least in part fill with silica and lime, and the surrounding composite material is embedded with graphene oxide flakes. In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing a concrete product. The process comprises the steps of a) preparing a concrete slurry; b) pouring the concrete slurry; and c) allowing the concrete slurry to cure. In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to the product itself; namely, a concrete product with or without fibers, or to the admixture(s).

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an improved ballistic concrete barrier for stopping projectiles with a kinetic energy of between about 1.0 kJ (750 foot-pounds) and 20.3 kJ (15,000 foot-pounds) in between about 3 inches and 10 inches. In one embodiment, the ballistic concrete barrier comprises (a) about 1 part by mass Portland cement; (b) about 0.5 to 1.5 part by mass fine aggregate; (c) about 0.005 to 0.15 part by mass fiber; (d) about 0.005 to 0.05 part by mass calcium phosphate; (e) about 0.005 to 0.05 part by mass aluminum hydroxide; and (f) about 0.0005 to 0.05 part by mass air entrainment additive, such that the ballistic concrete barrier is capable of stopping a fifty caliber bullet in less than 10 inches from a point of entry into the barrier.

Abstract: A concrete product set by pouring a concrete slurry includes a) a concrete mixture; b) a graphene oxide admixture; and c) at least one reinforcing fiber selected from the group of fibers. As the poured concrete slurry cures, the poured slurry hardens into a composite material product, and the composite material is embedded with graphene oxide. In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing a concrete product. The process comprises the steps of a) preparing a concrete slurry with integral graphene oxide; b) pouring the concrete slurry; c) allowing the concrete slurry to cure; and d) optionally spray-applying graphene oxide and/or optional colloidal silica as a curing technique. In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention is directed to the product itself; namely, a concrete product with fibers and embedded graphene oxide flakes.

Abstract: The present description relates to methods of producing a wet-cast slag-based concrete product particularly where the wet-cast slag-based concrete product is cast, pre-conditioned and cured with carbon dioxide inside a mould and/or inside a mould placed in a curing chamber. The wet-cast slag-based concrete product is optionally reinforced.

Abstract: The present description relates to a method of producing a wet-cast slag-based concrete product particularly where the wet-cast slag-based concrete product is partially or completely set inside a mould, pre-conditioned outside of the mould and then cured with carbon dioxide in a curing chamber. The wet-cast slag-based concrete product is optionally reinforced.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a mechanically activated cementitious composite for stopping the impact of firearms, which involved the designing of mixes of Portland Composite Cement PCC mechanically activated through high energy mechanical milling (HEM) with other ingredients, such as: Ordinary PCC Cement, fine sand, fibers, and polymeric additives, among other compounds, to prepare high-performance composite walls capable of stopping several calibers up to type 50 (typically loaded in Barret rifles). In accordance with Mexican and U.S. Standards for ballistic tests, which entail the approval of the concrete ballistic-resistant wall as long as it resists one impact with a 50 caliber Barret, the present invention allows the construction of composite walls (with dimensions of 40×40×15 cm) with mechanically activated cement and performance complying with the standards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blend of reinforcement fibers for use in a variety of applications. In particular, the blend of reinforcement fibers can be used in cementitious compositions, such as Portland cement concrete and asphalt cement concrete compositions to reduce or preclude voids and/or cracks formed in the cement concrete upon placement. The blend of reinforcement fibers includes a plurality of first fibers and a plurality of different second fibers. The first and second fibers can be different based on coarseness/fineness, melting temperature, denier and specific chemical or material composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface-modified polyolefin fibers, the use of these fibers in hydraulic binder compositions, hydraulic binder compositions containing these fibers and a method for reinforcing hydraulic binder compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a concrete composition, including: blast furnace slag; at least any one of expansive additive and cement; and water, wherein a unit water content of the water is 130 kg/m3 or less; wherein a content of the cement is 22% by mass or less relative to the blast furnace slag, and wherein a slump flow value of the concrete composition is 40 cm or greater.

Abstract: A roof tile containing fibers which satisfy the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) to have an average fiber diameter of 50 ?m or less; (2) to have an aspect ratio of 50 to 2000; and (3) to have three or less buckled portions per fiber.

Abstract: A formulation and method for obtaining ultra-high performance concretes, which provide a concrete with good mechanical properties of, inter alia, traction, compression, deformation, durability, ductility and toughness, with reduced related costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blend of reinforcement fibers for use in a variety of applications. In particular, the blend of reinforcement fibers can be used in cementitious compositions, such as Portland cement concrete and asphalt cement concrete compositions to reduce or preclude voids and/or cracks formed in the cement concrete upon placement. The blend of reinforcement fibers includes a plurality of first fibers and a plurality of different second fibers. The first and second fibers can be different based on coarseness/fineness, melting temperature, denier and specific chemical or material composition.

Abstract: A method of making a fiber (100) that includes continuously receiving a round wire (10), forming the round wire into a fiber having to have a cross-sectional shape defining a truncated circle having an aspect ratio of between 1.53 and 1.88, and simultaneously pulling and twisting the fiber a threshold number of twists per inch while retaining the aspect ratio of the fiber.

Abstract: The present invention provides cured article reinforcing fibers having a shape advantageous in physically bonding the fibers to a hardening material or bringing the fibers into engagement with the hardening material, and also provides a cured article using the fibers. The cured article reinforcing fiber of the present invention has a multilobal cross section with three or more projections. At least one of the projections has a substantially curved end part, and a base part situated toward the center of the fiber has a width smaller than the largest width of the end part. Thus, the fiber particularly has high bending strength. Further, the cured article of the present invention includes a mixture of the cured article reinforcing fiber and a hardening material, and the hardening material has been cured.

Abstract: A binder material useful for forming a concrete type material includes, calculated on a dry, water and carbon dioxide free basis, a base component constituting 50-95 wt % of the binder material, the base component having ground granulated blast furnace slag and an activator component constituting 5-50 wt % of the binder material. The activator component includes aluminum sulfate and a sodium hydroxide generating compound. The final binder material includes, calculated on a dry, water and carbon dioxide free basis, ground granulated blast-furnace slag 35-95 wt %, aluminum sulfate AI2(SO4)3 1-25 wt %, and sodium hydroxide generating compound 4-35 wt %.

Abstract: There is provided a Ultra-high performance glass concrete (UHPGC) including between 300 and 1000 kg/m3 of cement, between 0 and 1400 kg/m3 of glass sand (GS), between 0 and 300 kg/m3 of reactive pozzolanic material, between 150 and 900 kg/m3 of glass powder (GP), between 0 and 600 kg/m3 of fine glass powder (FGP), between 5 and 60 kg/m3 of superplasticizer, between 50 and 300 kg/m3 of fiber; and, between 130 and 275 kg/m3 of water, wherein the content of GP is of at least 3 wt % of the UHPGC, and/or the content of GS is of at least 19 wt % of the UHPGC and/or the content of FGP is of at least 0.5 wt % of the UHPGC.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing member for admixture into a concrete composite. The concrete reinforcing member has a body extending in a longitudinal direction along an axis, the body having a lateral width. At least two anchor segments are axially spaced on the body, each anchor segment having at least one lateral extension projecting in a lateral direction along an associated plane that extends radially relative to the axis of the body. The associated plane of the lateral extension of one of the anchor segments is offset radially about the axis at an angle of greater than 0° and less than 90° relative to the associated plane of the lateral extension of the other anchor segment.

Abstract: A chemical/additive injection controller, system and method (i.e., utilities) are provided that control when an injection pump turns on and off in order to inject a predetermined volume of additives into a hydrocarbon production conduit over a predetermined number of cycles per day. The controller determines when to activate and deactivate (i.e., turn on and turn off) an injection pump to provide a desired total additive injection volume over an injection period (e.g. 24 hours). More specifically, the utilities incorporate a flow meter that monitors the actual amount of additive that is injected during a pump cycle. Once an injected volume meets or exceeds a target injection volume the pump is deactivated. The flow meter continues to monitor the injection volume including amounts injected after power to the pump is deactivated to provide an accurate measure of the total injection. Subsequent injections are varied based on the actual measured volume of one or more previous injections.

Abstract: A refractory composition and processes for manufacture are provided where the compositions possess improved refractory alkali resistance and superior handling properties. Compositions and processes for their manufacture may include a plurality of ceramic particles and a binder sintered to the particles wherein the binder includes crystalline aluminum orthophosphate distributed as the result of an in situ reaction of aluminum metaphosphate with alumina. Kits provided according to the invention provide materials for use in manufacture of a composition where the kit includes aluminum metaphosphate and a nonfacile additive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are fiber reinforced cement composite materials incorporating a 3-mode fiber blend that includes cellulose pulp and synthetic fibers in a ratio selected to provide the composite material with improved water absorption characteristics and the same or improved mechanical properties as compared to equivalent composite materials reinforced with predominantly or all cellulose fibers. Also disclosed herein are fiber blends comprised of a combination of cellulose fibers and polypropylene fibers adapted to reinforce cementitious composite articles manufactured by the Hatschek process and autoclave cured.

Abstract: A mobile cutting system includes a vehicle including a vehicle body and a drive system, a cutter attached to the vehicle body, and a controller in communication with the drive system, the cutter and the base station. The base station includes a post extending perpendicular to a surface, one or more fluid sources each storing a corresponding fluid used by the cutter to cut, and a reel attached proximate to a distal end of the post. The system further includes one or more feed lines each providing fluid communication between the cutter and corresponding ones of the fluid sources. Each feed line is received by the reel and suspended above the surface between the reel and the vehicle. The reel is configured to enable the feed lines to release as the vehicle maneuvers away from the base station or retract as the vehicle maneuvers toward the base station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lead-free fishing sinker and a method of manufacturing. The sinkers are constructed from a combination of colored grout and a countertop mix having a superplasticizer additive. The mixture is about 60% colored grout and 40% countertop mix having a super plasticizer additive. A liquid mixture includes a 50/50 mixture of water and latex additive to be added to the dry mixture. Steel pellets are placed within the admixture before placement into a cold mold to form any size or shape fishing sinker. The fishing sinkers can be made of most any shape and include a receptacle for holding simulator skirts or dry chum pellets.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system or method for efficiently manufacturing construction materials using carbon nanomaterials. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises creating a blend of carbon nanomaterials, wherein the blend of the carbon nanomaterials includes at least one of a carbon nanofiber, a carbon nanotube, a graphite nanoparticle and an amorphous carbon. The method also includes dispersing the carbon nanomaterials and adding a plasticizer and a sand to the dispersed mixture within 3 minutes. The method also includes adding at least one of water and a cement binding agent to the dispersed mixture after the plasticizer and the sand have been added.

Abstract: A steel fiber for reinforcing concrete or mortar comprises a middle portion and an anchorage end at one or both ends of the middle portion. The middle portion has a main axis. The anchorage end is deflecting from the main axis of the middle portion in a deflection section. The anchorage end has n bent sections, with n equal or larger than 2. The steel fiber is configured so that when the steel fiber is in a stable position on a horizontal surface being vertically projected on this horizontal surface, the vertical projections in this horizontal surface of all of the n bent sections of an anchorage end are located at one side of the vertical projection in this horizontal surface of the main axis of the middle portion.

Abstract: Ultra-high performance concrete produced from cement, aggregate, water, fillers, and additives, wherein the aggregate comprises 800-1,300 kg of an igneous rock in the form of crushed stone per cubic meter of concrete.

Abstract: Ultra-high-performance cementitious materials are made using suitably functionalized and relatively low-cost carbon nanofibers and graphite platelets. Polyelectrolytes and surfactants are physisorbed upon these graphite nanomaterials in water, and dispersion of nanomaterials in water is achieved by stirring. Stable and well-dispersed suspensions of nanomaterials in water are realized without using energy-intensive and costly methods, and also without the use of materials which could hinder the hydration and strength development of ultra-high-performance cementitious materials. The water incorporating dispersed nanomaterials is then mixed with the cementitious matrix and, optionally, microfibers, and cured following standard concrete mixing and curing practices. The resulting cementitious materials incorporating graphite nanomaterials and optionally microfibers offer a desired balance of strength, toughness, abrasion resistance, moisture barrier attributes, durability and fire resistance.

Abstract: A molded, decorative article having a fiber-reinforced geo-composite wall with a thickness of between 4-10 mm and a method of manufacturing the same, the fiber-reinforced geo-composite wall comprising, before curing, predominately 45-55 by weight % mineral-based type III clinker, 24-28 by weight % water, and 8-9 by weight % hydration control agent, the combination of clinker, water, and hydration control agent forming a basic water-reactive rapid-setting cementious binder, the hydration control agent controlling curing time of the water-reactive rapid-setting cementious binder, 1-2 by weight % combination of micro-fibers and macro-fibers dispersed evenly within the cementious binder, the micro-fibers being 3-6 mm and the macro-fibers being 7-25 mm in length, 0.03-0.10 by weight % combination of rheology modifier, polymer modifier, and moisture retention agent, 0-0.

Abstract: A belt (1) for dosing reinforcing fibres (3) during the manufacture of fibre concrete material or fibre composite material comprises at least one longitudinal supporting element (2) and the reinforcing fibres (3). The fibres (3) are applied transversely or under angle different from 0° with respect to the supporting element (2). The fibres (3) are connected to the at least one longitudinal supporting element (2). The advantage of this way of dosing fibres in concrete is that the filling of sacks or bags is avoided and that the amount of foreign material getting in the concrete material is limited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel fiber for reinforcing concrete or mortar. The fiber has a middle portion and two ends. The middle portion has a ensile strength of at least 1000 N and an elongation at maximum load Ag+e of at least 2.5%. The invention further relates to a concrete structure comprising such steel fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system or method for efficiently manufacturing construction materials using carbon nanomaterials. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises creating a blend of carbon nanomaterials, wherein the blend of the carbon nanomaterials includes at least one of a carbon nanofiber, a carbon nanotube, a graphite nanoparticle and an amorphous carbon. The method also includes dispersing the carbon nanomaterials and adding a plasticizer and a sand to the dispersed mixture within 3 minutes. The method also includes adding at least one of water and a cement binding agent to the dispersed mixture after the plasticizer and the sand have been added.

Abstract: Provided is a fiber reinforced cement based mixed material capable of securing high tensile strength and high toughness even after development of a crack. A fiber reinforced cement based mixed material contains cement, a mineral admixture, water, a chemical admixture, aggregate particles, and fibers, the aggregate particles contained in the fiber reinforced cement based mixed material in a proportion of 50 to 95% in terms of a weight ratio to the total weight of the cement and the mineral admixture, wherein a mean particle diameter of the aggregate particles is 0.2 to 0.8 mm, and at least some of the fibers is formed to be a bumpy fiber having asperities formed in the surface thereof, and a ratio (h/H) of a depth h of each of recessed portions among the asperities of the bumpy fiber to a smallest cross-sectional diameter H thereof is 0.05 to 0.8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to concrete with necessary durability using seawater and sea sand. The seawater mixed concrete of the present invention is obtained by mixing a mixture including slag-containing cement and sea sand, with seawater. And by including a nitrite-based admixture and pozzolan, the diffusion coefficient of concrete after hardening can be reduced to restrain the external intrusion of harmful factors. Further, the concrete structure according to the present invention can include seawater mixed concrete and reinforcement for increasing tensile strength.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the use of an organic admixture composed of a polysaccharide such as hydroxypropylcellulose and a monosaccharide such as ethoxylated methylglucoside and de-ionized water and minerals such as zeolites for electromagnetic; radio and microwave frequency and radioisotope shielding of building materials such as wall liners, gypsum wallboard and high performance, high strength concrete.

Abstract: A mix design for a polymer modified cement pavement overlay is disclosed along with a method of making and using the mix on a variety of pavement substrates. The mix includes a specific dry combination of: finely divided Elotex 2311 and 2322 or 2320 polymers; Type 2 or C144 aggregate or equivalent; Type I/II cement; Type F or Type C fly ash; intermediate length polymer microfibers; plasticizer; (optionally) calcium chloride or equivalent; (optionally) quikrete retarder or equivalent; and water. The mixture is combined and applied to the substrate in depths of about ? to about 1 inch in lifts. The mixture is allowed to cure for 3-4 hours before being returned to traffic. The placed mixture exhibits preferred qualities of substrate adhesion, flexibility, tire friction, and wearability.

Abstract: The metal fiber has fiber outer surfaces (1) oriented substantially at right angles to each other and can also be provided with bent ends in the shape of a clip. The metal fiber is used to stabilize, strengthen, or fasten materials such as concrete, wood and the like. The fiber edges (2) formed by the fiber outer surfaces (1) of the metal fiber and extending in the longitudinal direction of the fiber are designed as edge surfaces (4) oriented at an angle to the fiber outer surfaces (1) in the manner of a chamfer. Said edge surfaces (4) have projections, which form anchoring heads (3) that are anchored in the materials to be stabilized, strengthened, or fastened.

Abstract: Reinforced sulphur concrete wherein one or more metal reinforcing members are in contact with sulphur concrete is disclosed. The reinforced sulphur concrete comprises an adhesion promoter that enhances the interaction between the sulphur and the one or more metal reinforcing members.

Abstract: Fiber-reinforced compositions for forming concrete are disclosed. A fiber-reinforced dry-cast cementitious composition includes a cementitious component, aggregate, and at least one reinforcing component selected from the group consisting of metal fibers, synthetic fibers, and rubber pieces. A fiber-reinforced non-cementitious composition includes a pozzolanic component, aggregate, and at least one reinforcing component selected from the group consisting of metal fibers, synthetic fibers, and rubber pieces. The composition excludes any cementitious component. Fiber-reinforced concrete structures obtained by hardening the above-described compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A calcium sulfoaluminate-based concrete with a permeability of less than 1000 Coulombs. Rapid-setting low chloride-ion permeability calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements and concretes include CSA and a suitable polymer such as a sol-gel derived, organic-inorganic, silica based hybrid coating solutions of polystyrene-butylacrylate polymers containing active silanol groups protected by hydroxyl groups containing polyalcohol, or other polymers. Such polymers may be added as powders or as liquid in the finish mill. Other rapid-setting low chloride-ion permeability (CSA) cements and concretes include CSA with selected particle size distributions, and do not require use of any polymer. These CSA cements and concretes have low chloride-ion permeability, high early strength, fast setting times, low-shrinkage, and high freeze-thaw resistance.

Abstract: Ultra-high-performance cementitious materials are made using suitably functionalized and relatively low-cost carbon nanofibers and graphite platelets. Polyelectrolytes and surfactants are physisorbed upon these graphite nanomaterials in water, and dispersion of nanomaterials in water is achieved by stirring. Stable and well-dispersed suspensions of nanomaterials in water are realized without using energy-intensive and costly methods, and also without the use of materials which could hinder the hydration and strength development of ultra-high-performance cementitious materials. The water incorporating dispersed nanomaterials is then mixed with the cementitious matrix and, optionally, microfibers, and cured following standard concrete mixing and curing practices. The resulting cementitious materials incorporating graphite nanomaterials and optionally microfibers offer a desired balance of strength, toughness, abrasion resistance, moisture barrier attributes, durability and fire resistance.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant steel reinforcing rod system, including a steel reinforcing rod having a coefficient of thermal expansion of between about 14 ppm/° C. and about 17 ppm/° C. and a vitreous shell substantially encapsulating the steel reinforcing rod. The vitreous shell has a composition selected from the group consisting essentially, in weight percent, of about 40-45% SiO2, 3-5% Al2O3, 5-15% B2O3, 3-15% K2O, 5-20% Na2O, 4-7% CaO, 1-2% ZrO2, 0-2% NiO, 0-2% CoO, and 5-20% P2O5. The vitreous shell has a coefficient of thermal expansion between about 12.5 ppm/° C. and about 13.5 ppm/° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to materials used for building products, construction projects, structural objects, mechanical devices and other materials applications. Specifically, the present invention concerns composite materials made with reinforcing elements in a binder matrix material. A method of strengthening materials is described that uses high volumes of reinforcing elements, which can be easily dispersed and uniformly distributed, consisting of large diameter fibers, miniature rods or other similar geometric shapes with a diameter or thickness between 0.05 mm and 20 mm where the reinforcements are incorporated either as short, randomly distributed elements or long, continuous aligned arrays.

Abstract: A steel fibre for reinforcing concrete or mortar has a middle portion and an anchorage end at one or both ends of the middle portion. The middle portion has a main axis. The anchorage end comprises at least a first straight section, a first bent section, a second straight section, a second bent section and a third straight section. The first straight section and the third straight section are bending away from the main axis of the middle portion in the same direction. The second straight section is substantially parallel with the main axis of said middle portion.

Abstract: A brick comprises a thermoplastic material, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), and a cement-containing material. The brick may be made by mixing thermoplastic material and dry, uncured cement-containing material. This mixture is placed in a mold. The mold is heated while the mixture is compressed to melt or soften the thermoplastic material and to bind the particulate material in the mold into the shape of a brick. After the hardened brick is removed from the mold, the surface of the brick may be sprayed with water to cure cement-containing material on the surface of the brick.

Abstract: Synthetic fibers, such as polypropylene fibers, are mixed in a shrinkage compensating concrete to provide restraint in lieu of conventional steel reinforcement used in a shrinkage compensating concrete. While the synthetic fibers have a low elastic modulus and low strength, they act to restrain expansion of the concrete in the same way that conventional steel rebar does. In addition, only a small amount of the synthetic fibers are needed to restrain the expansion. As a result, shrinkage compensating concrete can be used in more varied applications, and can be provided more quickly, easily and inexpensively. Construction time requirements and expenses of concrete structures are correspondingly reduced.

Abstract: A method of preparing a light weight concrete composition using expanded polymer particles that includes a) replacing from about 10 to about 50 volume percent of the coarse aggregate in the concrete composition with prepuff particles; and b) preparing the concrete composition by combining ingredients comprising 3-40 volume percent cement, 1-50 volume percent fine aggregate, 0-40 volume percent coarse aggregate, 10-22 volume percent water, and 5-40 volume percent of prepuff particles. The prepuff particles have an average particle diameter of from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, a bulk density of from 0.02 g/cc to 0.56 g/cc, an aspect ratio of from 1 to 3. The concrete composition has a density of from about 90 to about 135 lb./ft3 and after it is set for 28 days, has a compressive strength of at least 1800 psi as tested according to ASTM C39.

Abstract: A lightweight construction material, a method of fabricating building panels utilizing said material and device therefore. The formulation utilizes silicone-treated expanded perlite in combination with cement, alpha gypsum, polyvinyl alcohol fibers and powder, and water. Building panels are formed utilizing fiber mesh to reinforce them while minimizing their weight. The building panel may be formed with one layer or two layers of different formulations.

Abstract: A fiber cement composite material that incorporates a blend of bleached and unbleached cellulose fibers as a partial or complete substitute for premium grade cellulose pulp is provided. Bleached standard grade cellulose fibers are used in conjunction with unbleached, standard grade cellulose fibers to provide a fiber cement composite product having substantially equal or even superior flexibility and strength as an equivalent fiber cement composite material reinforced by premium grade, unbleached cellulose fibers. A synergistic combination of bleached and unbleached standard grade cellulose fibers to produce a composite material with the desired properties previously achievable only through the use of premium grade cellulose pulp.

Abstract: A building material product comprising a cementitious binder, an aggregate and cellulose reinforcing fibers wherein the cellulose reinforcing fibers have been treated with cationic or nonionic oil. The resulting fiber when included in a fiber cement composite results in improved deflection of the composite at peak loading as well as improved impact strength while maintaining overall board strength.

Abstract: A method for making a low embodied energy cementitious mixture by blending a variety of post-consumer wastes, post-industrial wastes, as well as renewable, organic and recyclable materials with Portland cement or a material having similar cementitious properties. The primary materials are recycled concrete, coal-fired fly ash waste, silica fume, post-industrial waste, organic or inorganic waste fibers. Glass, brick, ceramics, ground tires and other waste products, as well as virgin aggregate can also be included in the low embodied energy cementitious mixture.