Abstract: Hydraulic cements, such as Portland cements and other cements that include substantial quantities of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and/or tetracalcalcium alumino-ferrite (C4AF), are particle size optimized to have increased reactivity compared to cements of similar chemistry and/or decreased water demand compared to cements of similar fineness. Increasing hydraulic cement reactivity increases early strength development and release of reactive calcium hydroxide, both of which enhance SCM replacement and 1-28 day strengths compared to blends of conventional Portland cement and one or more SCMs, such as coal ash, slag or natural pozzolan. Decreasing the water demand can improve strength by decreasing the water-to-cement ratio for a given workability. The narrow PSD cements are well suited for making blended cements, including binary, ternary and quaternary blends.

Abstract: Cement compositions and methods for making cement compositions are provided. The cement compositions can comprise at least one oxide having a particle size of less than about 600 nm. The methods for making cement may include: providing a mixture of compounds containing the required calcium, silicon, aluminum, and iron to provide at least one of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, other calcium silicates, aluminates, ferrites, and silicates or combinations thereof; adding a fuel source and an oxidizer to the mixture of compounds; and heating the mixture of compounds, the fuel source, and the oxidizer such that the mixture of compounds, the fuel source, and the oxidizer ignite to form the at least one tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Waste storage vessels formed from a composition including calcium silicate, magnesium or calcium oxides and an acid phosphate are provided. The composition may also include fly ash or kaolin with or without the calcium silicate.

Abstract: Hydraulic cements, such as Portland cements and other cements that include substantial quantities of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and/or tetracalcalcium alumino-ferrite (C4AF), are particle size optimized to have increased reactivity compared to cements of similar chemistry and/or decreased water demand compared to cements of similar fineness. Increasing hydraulic cement reactivity increases early strength development and release of reactive calcium hydroxide, both of which enhance SCM replacement and 1-28 day strengths compared to blends of conventional Portland cement and one or more SCMs, such as coal ash, slag or natural pozzolan. Decreasing the water demand can improve strength by decreasing the water-to-cement ratio for a given workability. The narrow PSD cements are well suited for making blended cements, including binary, ternary and quaternary blends.

Abstract: Masses for obtaining poured concrete, concrete for bricks, concrete for tiles or mortar are known, in which Portland cement and Colemanite, water and additives to regulate the process are involved as aggregate. The invention achieves a remarkable increase in the capacity of neutron radiation protection of the material. For this, Portland cement is replaced by Alumina cement and a new component is inserted into the mass, specifically anhydrous calcium sulfate, the Colemanite staying as aggregate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a concrete repair composition including an aggregate, a binder, and a fiber reinforcement, wherein the fiber reinforcement includes jute fiber having an average thickness of 65 to 75 ?m and an average length of 3 to 6 mm. The jute fiber used for reinforcement has excellent dispersion and bonding when mixing. Also, the jute fiber has high moisture holding capacity, and thus the concrete repair composition can retain water therein during curing, thereby preventing a false-set problem caused by rapid hardening of cement.

Abstract: A composition includes at least, in % expressed by mass relative to the total mass of the composition, from 0.01 to 3% of polycarboxylic acid or salts thereof, the polycarboxylic acid including 2 to 4 carboxyl groups per molecule; and from 97 to 99.99% of a Belite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminate-Ferrite clinker (BCSAF clinker).

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel sulfoaluminous clinker, to a method for preparing said clinker, and to the use of said clinker for preparing a hydraulic binder and subsequently grout, concrete, or mortar.

Abstract: Hydraulic binder comprising: at least one first calcium aluminosilicate derivative with a fineness of less than 6000 Blaine, slag microparticles with a fineness of greater than or equal to 6000 Blaine in an amount of between 1 and 35% of the total weight of the binder, preferably of between 5 and 15%, at least one source of calcium sulphate and at least one base in an amount of less than or equal to 1% of the total weight of the binder.

Abstract: The self-leveling fluid screed cement composition with limited shrinkage, formed by a mixture of a cement binder, a fluidizing adjuvant, granulates and water, is characterized in that the binder includes 70% to 85% by weight of Portland cement, 7% to 18% by weight of sulfo-aluminous clinker, and 6% to 14% by weight of calcium sulfate, with a calcium sulfate C$/calcium sulfo-aluminate C4A3$ molar ratio of between 5 and 7 and a water/binder ratio by weight of between 0.60 and 0.90. The self-leveling fluid screed that is thus produced has a mechanical resistance to its compression at 24 hours that is at least equal to 1 MPa, shrinkage at 7 days, measured under a relative hygrometry of 50%, less than 500 ?m/m, and an endogenic expansion value that is measured at 7 days, less than 1,000 ?m/m, as well as a very slight lifting of edges.

Abstract: The invention provides a cementitious composition comprising a cement component comprising (i) an accelerant, (ii) a calcium sulphate source and (iii) an ettringite forming cement; an aggregate; and optionally water; wherein the cement has a minimum unconfined compressive strength of 1500 psi when tested in accordance with ASTM C1140 and/or C1604 at 15 minutes after placement; methods for its use and concrete formed from it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition including at least a Portland clinker and a Belite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminate-Ferrite clinker (BCSAF).

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a cement admixture that can form concrete having a sufficient self-healing capability and satisfactorily maintaining its self-healing capability for prolonged periods. The cement admixture of the invention contains an expanding material and an alumina-silicate with swelling properties. The cement admixture is combined with cement to form a cement composition. The cement composition is mixed with water and an aggregate to provide concrete with an excellent self-healing capability.

Abstract: Compositions for fabricating architectural works wherein the compositions utilize one or more cement materials, additives, fibers and recycled glass. Exemplary cement materials include Portland cement, calcium aluminate, fly ash and/or E glass. Exemplary additives include boric acid, citric acid, lithium, plasticizer and/or methylcellulose ethers. Exemplary fibers include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and/or micro-fibers. Crushed recycled glass is used as an aggregate or non-reactive material. Other ingredients may be used including: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and hydrated lime to alter the PH; ferrous sulfate, mono-potassium phosphate, or manganese carbonate and magnesium sulfate as color enhancements; and/or pozzolans (Vcas) to neutralize the ASR efflorescence.

Abstract: A grouting material which contains a fine particle material having a Blaine specific surface area of 5000 cm2/g or more, containing 30 to 60% by mass of cement clinker, 40 to 70 % by mass of and blast-furnace slag and 0.5 to 3 parts by mass of gypsum in terms of SO3 based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of cement clinker and blast-furnace slag, and further contains (i) 4 to 8 parts by mass of calcium-aluminate-based rapid-hardening admixture, (ii) 0.05 to 0.2 parts by mass of setting retarder and (iii) 0.5 to 1.7 parts by mass of high-performance water-reducing agent, based on 100 parts by mass of the fine particle material.

Abstract: A belite-calcium sulphoaluminate-ferrite (BCSAF) cement composition including: a BCSAF clinker which clinker has the following mineralogical composition, based on the total weight of the clinker: 5 to 25%, preferably 10 to 20%, of a calcium aluminoferrite phase having the general formula C2AxF(1?X), wherein X is from 0.2 to 0.8; 15 to 35% of a calcium sulphoaluminate phase; 40 to 75% of belite (C2S); from 0.01 to 10% in total of one or more minor phases selected from calcium sulphates, alkali metal sulphates, perovskite, calcium aluminates, gehlenite, free lime and periclase and/or a vitreous phase; and an alkanolamine.

Abstract: Described herein is a composition including a substantially potash-free hydraulic cementitious material and at least one polyol compound having an acyclic polyhydroxy backbone chain comprising four or five adjacent carbon atoms, wherein a hydroxyl group is attached to each carbon of the backbone chain, and wherein the composition includes an effective amount of at least one calcium silicate or calcium aluminate material in a crystalline phase. Also described herein is a composition including a substantially calcium hydroxide-free hydraulic cementitious material and at least one polyol compound having an acyclic polyhydroxy backbone chain comprising four or five adjacent carbon atoms, wherein a hydroxyl group is attached to each carbon of the backbone chain, and wherein the composition includes at least one alkali-activated binder. Also described herein are methods and admixtures for increasing the strength of a hydraulic cementitious material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a granular composition designed to be reacted with water to form a refractory material, characterized in that it comprises an anhydrite III hydraulic binder and an alumina-based granular material. The invention aims at making a cold-processed refractory material which does not necessarily have to be cured prior to use, said material having very good refractory and mechanical properties for high (>1000° C.) and very high (>1600° C.) temperatures.

Abstract: A method of servicing a wellbore comprising preparing a composition comprising a calcium aluminate cement, water, a polyphosphate, a pozzolan, and a set retarding agent, wherein the set retarding agent comprises an alkali halide and a basic phosphate salt, placing the composition in the wellbore and allowing the composition to set. A composition comprising a calcium aluminate cement in an amount of from about 30 wt. % to about 60 wt. % and a set retarding agent in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % based upon the total weight of the composition, wherein the set retarding agent comprises an alkali halide and a basic phosphate salt in a ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:3.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a settable mixture comprising (i) a water absorbing composition and (ii) an aqueous emulsion of organic polymer or (iii) dispersible organic polymer, wherein the water absorbing composition (i) contains inorganic ingredients which are capable to react with water and the water absorbing composition (i) contains at least 13 weight % lime and at least 5 weight % of a cementitious composition of which components form ettringite during the absorption of water and wherein the amount of the aqueous emulsion of organic polymer (ii) in relation to (i) is such as to provide a ratio of combined weight of polymer solids to combined weight of ingredients which are capable to react with water of from 0.5:1 to 10:1, preferably 1:1 to 4:1 and wherein the amount of dispersible organic polymer (iii) in relation to (i) is such as to give a ratio of combined weight of polymers to combined weight of ingredients which are capable to react with water of from 0.5:1 to 10:1, preferably 1:1 to 4:1.

Abstract: Cement compositions and methods for making cement compositions are provided. The cement compositions can comprise at least one oxide having a particle size of less than about 600 nm.

Abstract: Mixed cement containing mainly ground granulated blast furnace slag with an alumina ratio of 12 to 17.5 mass % and Portland cement, wherein a ratio of mixture of the ground granulated blast furnace slag is made 10 to 60 mass % and wherein plaster having a specific surface area of 7000 cm2/g or more is mixed in by a ratio of 2 to 4 mass % converted to SO3 mass. By using this mixed cement as a concrete material, it is possible to suppress expansion of the concrete even if in contact with soil containing residual sulfates over a long period.

Abstract: A system for a dental filling material or an implant material, alternatively a system for bonding between a tooth or a bone and a dental filling material and a implant material, respectively, which system comprises a water based hydration liquid and a powdered material, the binder phase of which powdered material essentially consisting of a calcium based cement system, which powdered material has the capacity following saturation with the liquid reacting with the binder phase to hydrate to a chemically bonded ceramic material. According to the invention, said powdered material and/or said hydration liquid comprises water soluble phosphate or a phase that has the capacity to form water soluble phosphate, whereby the system exhibits the capacity during hydration to form apatite. The invention also relates to the powdered material and the hydration liquid as such, an implant material and a method of achieving bonding.

Abstract: To provide a quick-setting admixture for spraying and a spraying method, which are effective to prevent solidification of a quick-setting admixture slurried in a quick-setting admixture-adding tool. A slurry quick-setting admixture comprising an alkaline earth metal carbonate, a water-soluble acidic substance, calcium aluminate, an alkali metal sulfate, and water; and a quick-setting cement concrete comprising such a slurry quick-setting admixture and cement concrete. The slurry quick-setting admixture may further contain calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide and/or aluminum hydroxide, a retarder, etc. The spraying method comprises mixing water and a powder quick-setting admixture comprising an alkaline earth metal carbonate, a water-soluble acidic substance, calcium aluminate and an alkali metal sulfate, to form a slurry quick-setting admixture, mixing this slurry quick-setting admixture with cement concrete to form a quick-setting cement concrete, and spraying this quick-setting cement concrete.

Abstract: A method of solidifying and detoxifying a soil, incinerated ash and coal ash to yield a solidified substance detoxified to a level complying with the environmental standards and a method of detoxifying polluted water containing dioxins and polluted water containing PCB are provided. First solidifying and detoxifying agent contains light burnt magnesite as component (1) and chrysolite powder as component (2), in which a ratio by weight of the component (1) and the component (2) is 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:3 to 3:1, more preferably 1:2 to 2:1 and is the solidifying and detoxifying agent applied to one kind selected from soil, incinerated ash and coal ash as well as polluted water containing dioxins and polluted water containing PCB. Other solidifying and detoxifying agent further contains as an additional component a fused phosphate fertilizer and titanium dioxide powder as well as anhydrous gypsum powder, light burnt dolomite and/or calcined lime powder.

Abstract: A cement setting accelerator comprising calcium hydroxide particles having an average particle diameter of 3 ?m or less, and a cement composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a cement and 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of the above setting accelerator. A wet ground product of calcium hydroxide or a fine precipitate formed by a reaction between a calcium salt and an alkali hydroxide can be used as the above calcium hydroxide particles. This setting accelerator shows a high setting accelerating effect and does not exert a bad influence upon the quality, especially durability of a hardened product of the cement composition.

Abstract: A flooring composition for mixing with water to produce a self-leveling slurry that quickly hydrates to form a high strength floor underlayment comprising a dry mixture of (1) beta gypsum produced by a continuous method; (2) Class C fly ash; (3) a conventional water reducing aid such as sulfonated melamines, sulfonated naphthalenes and their related formaldehyde condensates, and (4) a conventional set retarder.

Abstract: A method for producing a cement which rapidly acquires good strength and is resistant to corrosion using a novel chemical production technology. The inventive method can be used to produce cements having properties rendering the cement suitable for use in diverse fields including the construction of oil wells, pipelines, etc. The invention also relates to a Portland-type cement which rapidly acquires mechanical strength, which has a shelf-life of up to 20 years under normal service conditions and which contains 4% molybdenum trioxide. The inventive cement is characterised in that it has a fineness of more than 4200 cm2/g. The invention is also characterised in that the cement has a minimum strength of 900 psi at 100° F. for 8 hours from the moment of setting and in that the cement has a minimum strength of 2000 psi at 140° F. after 8 hours from setting, without the addition of any additives, which enables reduction in the water necessary to achieve a pre-determined slump.

Abstract: A grouting material which contains a fine particle material having a Blaine specific surface area of 5000 cm2/g or more, containing 30 to 60% by mass of cement clinker, 40 to 70% by mass of and blast-furnace slag and 0.5 to 3 parts by mass of gypsum in terms of SO3 based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of cement clinker and blast-furnace slag, and further contains (i) 4 to 8 parts by mass of calcium-aluminate-based rapid-hardening admixture, (ii) 0.05 to 0.2 parts by mass of setting retarder and (iii) 0.5 to 1.7 parts by mass of high-performance water-reducing agent, based on 100 parts by mass of the fine particle material.

Abstract: A grouting material which comprises an ultrafine particle material having a maximum particle size of 15 micrometer or less, containing 3 to 40% by mass of cement clinker, 60 to 97% by mass of and blast-furnace slag, 0.5 to 3 parts by mass of gypsum in terms of SO3 based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of cement clinker and blast-furnace slag, and further comprises (i) 0.7 to 7 parts by mass of calcium-aluminate-based rapid-hardening admixture, (ii) 0.01 to 0.13 parts by mass of setting retarder, and (iii) 0.2 to 1.0 parts by mass of high-performance water-reducing agent, based on 100 parts by mass of the ultrafine particle material can maintain high injectability for long, and rapidly starts to set after injected to thereby exhibit a good short-term strength.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for reducing curling, warping, or both in poured concrete. The method includes substituting a lightweight fine aggregate for at least a portion of the natural fine aggregate in a concrete mixture, mixing the components, pouring the mixture, and curing the poured concrete. The invention also discloses a concrete component, formed by the method, for use in building a parking structure.

Abstract: A chemically bonded biomaterial element composed of an inorganic cement, exhibiting minimal dimensional changes upon hardening and long-time use, improved mechanical properties and improved translucency. An algorithm to describe the micro-structure is expressed as ? = d * ( 1 - V F ) ( V F ) where ? is the distance between filler particles of mean size d, and VF is the volume content of non-reacted cement and added filler, and where ??10 ?m. The invention also relates to a device in connection with the preparation of a chemically bonded biomaterial element according to the invention.

Abstract: A method for producing concrete parts and a structure includes (i) supplying a first concrete composition based on a quick binder containing Portland cement, curing accelerator system based on Al2O3, CaO lime and SO3 sulphates, a retardant system and a superplasticizer, (ii) adding a releaser system for forming a second concrete composition and pouring the second concrete composition into a concrete form. The use of a releaser system and the preparation of the first concrete composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is an improved cementitious mixture used to form structural components that are strong, lightweight, heat and fire resistant, and very economical to produce. The material includes a mixture of cement, water, ribbon-like virgin polyethylene strips and aggregate materials. The aggregate preferably includes recycled industrial waste products. Examples of these industrial wastes include shredded tires, wood by-products, waste coal combustion by-products, recycled waste gypsum products, recycled industrial foundry sand, and waste foam products such a Styrofoam. This new cementitious material is strong and lightweight. It has a lower thermal conductivity than conventional concrete and therefore improved insulative properties. The use of industrial recyclables not only enhances the performance characteristics of the components made from this material but aids in maintaining the environment by providing a practical use for industrial waste.

Abstract: In a hydraulic binder containing slags, aluminium-silicates and calcium sulphate, slag, in particular furnace slag, in amounts below 50% (w/w) as well as aluminium-silicates different from furnace slag, as for example flue-ash and natural aluminium-silicates, as for example basalt or andesite, in amounts of 5 to 75% (w/w) respectively related to the entire blend with the requirement that the stm of slag and aluminium-silicates is between 82 and 95.9% (w/w) and as one of the activators CaSO4 in amounts between 4 and 15% (w/w) as essential components are present. Additionally alkali activators, in particular alkali hydroxides and/or carbonates of Na and/or K in amounts from 0.1 to 3% (w/w) are deployed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic binder containing, in percentage by weight: from 1.1 to 9% of tricalcium aluminate from 1.5 to 13.5% of tetracalcium ferroaluminate from 0.5 to 1.5% of dodecacalcium heptaaluminate from 0.5 to 1.5% of tetracalcium trialuminate sulphate from 0 to 0.8% of dicalcium silicoaluminate from 5 to 70% of pozzolanic material(s) from 0 to 6% of calcium sulphate the remainder being composed of the non-aluminous constituents of at least one Portland-type clinker. It also relates to concretes or mortars prepared using a binder of this type.

Abstract: Disclosed are formulations adapted to form a foamed cementitious composition, the foamed cementitious composition itself, a method of forming a hydraulic binder foam, and a method of conveying and applying the resulting foam to a substrate. A pumpable cementitious slurry is formed, the slurry is mixed with a gas such as air, and is subjected to mechanically created turbulence to generate gas bubbles and create a foam, which preferably is stabilized by a foam stabilizing agent such as polyvinyl alcohol present in the slurry. The foam is then conveyed to a nozzle or other suitable dispense point from which it is applied, for example sprayed, preferably uniformly, onto a substrate to be coated. Prior to dispensing, a set accelerator is preferably injected, which causes the foam to gel, which in turn improves the hangability of the product on a substrate. The spray material adheres to the substrate and hardens to form an insulative coating on the substrate.

Abstract: Process for reducing the occurrence an/or intensity of staining, after setting, of mortars and concretes.

Abstract: Compositions for performing cementing operations in a subterranean zone under high temperature conditions have a density of less than about 10.5 pounds per gallon, and include calcium aluminate, water, and a lightweight additive having a specific gravity of less than about 0.70.

Abstract: A screed for applying to eg a concrete slab, etc to give a smooth surface finish comprises recycled glass waste sand residue. In a preferred embodiment the screed comprises (i) recycled glass waste or a recycled glass waste sand residue in the form of an aggregate or powder; and (ii) a calcium sulphate powder binder. A method for production of a screed is described as well as a method for remediation of recycled glass waste.

Abstract: The present invention provides cement compositions that comprise water, high alumina cement, a soluble phosphate, and cement kiln dust. The cement compositions optionally may be foamed with a gas. Methods of cementing also are provided that comprise: providing the cement composition; introducing the cement composition into a location to be cemented; and allowing the cement composition to set therein. The location to be cemented may be above ground or in a subterranean formation.

Abstract: Powdered material, the binder phase of which mainly consists of a cement-based system, which powdered material has the capacity following saturation with a liquid reacting with the binder phase to hydrate to a chemically bonded ceramic material, preferably for dental purposes. According to the invention the powdered material has a composition and/or structure suitable for giving the ceramic material translucence in the hydrated state. The invention also relates to the ceramic material produced by hydration of the powdered material.

Abstract: The present invention provides cement compositions that comprise water, high alumina cement, a soluble phosphate, and cement kiln dust. The cement compositions optionally may be foamed with a gas. Methods of cementing also are provided that comprise: providing the cement composition; introducing the cement composition into a location to be cemented; and allowing the cement composition to set therein. The location to be cemented may be above ground or in a subterranean formation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a plate whereof the body comprises a binder containing Portland cement, a sulphoaluminous clinker and a calcium sulphate source: the binder comprises, by weight 30 to 80% of Portland cement, 20 to 70% of sulphoaluminous binder, 5 to 20% of a calcium sulphate source, and 0.4 to 7% of a water-reducing plasticizer or highly waterreducing superplasticizer admixture; it contains light aggregates in an amount such that the final density is close to 1, of the order of 0.8 to 1.5.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for wellbore treating fluids, especially cementitious compositions that include interground cement clinker and zeolite, with and without gypsum.

Abstract: A cementitious material is provided that includes a phosphate based component and an alkali earth component. The alkali earth ion component has as a majority source a calcium aluminate calcium ion source of dodeca-calcium hepta-aluminate, or tricalcium aluminate. Magnesium oxide that has been fused and crushed to a size of less than 200 microns, alone or in combination with the calcium aluminate calcium ion source is also provided as the alkali earth ion component. When the phosphate based component and alkali earth ion components are combined in appropriate proportions, a rigid structure is obtained. A cementitious material formulation is also provided having an aqueous acidic phosphate solution as a part B and an alkali earth ion source as a part A that includes calcium aluminate, magnesium oxide or a combination thereof. Other additives include strength enhancing insoluble phosphate additive, an impurity metal reaction suppressant, tackifiers, anti-foaming agents, and the like.

Abstract: An injectable heat generating biocompatible ceramic compositions based on hydraulic calcium aluminate, which can be used for therapeutic treatment in vivo, such as tumour treatment, pain control, vascular treatment, drug activation etc, when curing in situ, and which form a biocompatible solid material that can be left in the body for prolonged periods of time without causing negative health effects, and can also be used to restore the mechanical properties of the skeleton after cancerous diseases as well as in a medical implant, an orthopaedic implant, and a dental implant as a dental filling material.

Abstract: Sprayable fiber reinforced hydraulically setting mortars exhibit strain hardening behavior, and comprise hydraulically setting cement, less than 4 weight percent matrix interactive fibers, a non-Newtonian additive, a superplasticizer, optionally a viscosity control agent, aggregate, and further additives. The ductile composites can be prepared by spraying in thicknesses higher than conventional sprayable mortars.

Abstract: Zeolite compositions having a low maximum setting temperature for use in permafrost and waterwell applications are provided.

Abstract: Bonded aggregate compositions such as concrete, concrete repair products, high temperature refractories, high temperature insulation and fire resistant insulation are made from an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid and a separate, storable dry mixture of suitable aggregate, monocalcium phosphate, and calcium in the form of calcium aluminate cement or calcium oxide. The proportion of wet to dry constituents is variable so as to select the working time and strength of the aggregate composition, typically on the order of ten to fifteen minutes. The mixture of the preferred dry constituents, and the binder to be mixed with the aggregate to yield the preferred dry mixture, are also disclosed.