Abstract: A liquid additive mixing apparatus is provided that has a plurality of chambers containing additives, as well as a system for mixing the additives. One or more additives are mixed with water to form a mixing fluid. The mixing fluid is placed in a first tank that is fluidly connected to a cement mixing unit. A cementing operation is executed during which the mixing fluid from the first tank is mixed with a cement to form a slurry. A capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument is employed to monitor at least one additive parameter and detect deviations from a predetermined tolerance for the at least one additive parameter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a balance weight of steel and heavy concrete components and a production method for the balance weight, as an alternative to pig casting and spheroidal graphite casting.

Abstract: A roadway construction material based on treated drill cuttings, a base or sub-base of a roadway comprising treated drill cuttings and water, and methods of making and using the roadway construction material.

Abstract: An agglomerate is provided that can include an aluminosilicate (ash) base material and one or more of a binding agent or leach reduction agent. Each of the agglomerate and binding agent can include no more than about 25 wt. % cement.

Abstract: A method of recovering gold from refractory ore containing a carbonaceous material, a sulfide and gold is provided. Gypsum seed crystals are added to a slurry containing a roasted refractory ore or a pressure-oxidized refractory ore to decrease gypsum encapsulation of gold and improve gold recovery.

Abstract: A high-efficiency method for removing sulfur and mercury of coal-fired flue gas, and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises: activating, by using water vapor, lime or Ca(OH)2 used as a sulfur removal and mercury removal absorbent and mixing the lime or Ca(OH)2 with flue gas; conveying, by using water vapor, part of a by-product to a top of a reaction tower and mixing the part of the by-product with the flue gas, so as to strengthen the sulfur removal and mercury removal effect; the flue gas entering a bag type or electric bag compound dust remover after sulfur removal and mercury removal in the reaction tower, and conveying part of the collected by-product to the reaction tower for cycle use.

Abstract: An agglomerate is provided that can include an aluminosilicate (ash) base material and one or more of a binding agent or leach reduction agent. Each of the agglomerate and binding agent can include no more than about 25 wt. % cement.

Abstract: Microparticles having crystalline needle or rod-shaped structures of, for example, an ettringite mineral grown and attached radially from their surface. A method including nucleating and growing crystalline needles/rods from the surface of a particle in the presence of a solution of calcium, sulfur, and aluminum such as calcium sulfoaluminate, lime and calcium sulfate is described. One example is the radial growth of ettringite needles on the surface of fly ash particles in calcium sulfoaluminate-based cement paste and concrete.

Abstract: A cementitious binder comprises at least 90% by weight of a hydraulically-active material comprising ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and/or pulverised fuel ash (PFA), and at least 0.1% by weight of CaO in an activator composition for the hydraulically-active material. The cementitious binder does not comprise any Portland cement and is, therefore, more environmentally friendly. The binder further comprises a superplasticiser such as a polycarboxylate ether (PCE). A concrete, mortar, grout, screed or render may be formed from a mixture of the cementitious binder, aggregate particles, water and superplasticiser.

Abstract: A method for making a low-alkali fly ash cement includes forming a mixture of class C fly ash and an aqueous solution and forming low-alkali fly ash cement from the mixture. The aqueous solution has an alkali at a molar concentration between about 0.002 M and about 2 M. A low-alkali fly ash cement includes class C fly ash and an alkali activating agent. The low-alkali fly ash cement contains between about 3×10?4 wt % alkali activating agent and about 2 wt % alkali activating agent. A method for making fly ash cement includes forming a mixture of class C fly ash and water, wet pressing the mixture and forming fly ash cement from the mixture by curing the mixture at a temperature between about 60° C. and about 90° C.

Abstract: Embodiments provided herein relate to removing liquid from soil or other moisture rich media. In some embodiments, a method for solidifying sludge is provided and involves providing a sludge, fluidizing the sludge to form a fluidized sludge, adding a gelling agent to the fluidized sludge in an amount sufficient to form a slurry, and adding a dewatering agent to the slurry in an amount sufficient to dewater the slurry, thereby solidifying the sludge.

Abstract: By-product materials are processed to mitigate undesirable effects. In some embodiments, industrial waste by-products are recycled using calcium polysulfide and used in building materials. In certain implementations, toxins are rendered non-viable as human pathogens by reaction with calcium polysulfide to create non-soluble sulfide crystals locked in the material as hydration is completed. The sulfides are not soluble in water and are locked into position within the resulting hydrate material, which mitigates escape of or changes of state in the toxins.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations, including a method of cementing that may comprise providing a settable composition that may comprise wollastonite, pumice, a calcium-ion source, and water, wherein the wollastonite may be present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice, and wherein the pumice may present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice. Embodiments of the method further may comprise allowing the settable composition to set.

Abstract: A system, method, and composition for generating a composition made from a combination of fly ash, FGD purge water, a fixation agent such as lime, and/or synthetic gypsum which, when mixed in the right proportions, results in a material that is easily handled and sets up over time in a relatively impermeable manner that significantly reduces the leaching of contaminants that would otherwise be readily available for release into the environment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture containing an alkali-activated aluminosilicate binder, said mixture, after hardening, containing at least 25% by weight of glass beads, based on the total mass. The hardened product has a surface which has very little tendency to soil and is easy to clean. A process for the preparation of the mixture according to the invention and the use thereof as joint filler are disclosed.

Abstract: A manufactured item for the building industry is disclosed, made mainly of bottom ash and/or debris coming from incineration processes of municipal solid waste or of waste which may be assimilated thereto and/or of RDF and of one or more binders. Such manufactured item may have the shape of small bricks, bricks, blocks, small blocks, curbs, interlocking paving blocks, panels, tiles, prefabricated slabs, beams, elements for walls, modular building elements, indoor and outdoor cladding elements, blocks, rocks, supports. Moreover, a process for the manufacture of an item for the building industry is disclosed, from bottom ash and/or debris coming from incineration processes of municipal solid waste or of waste which may be assimilated thereto and/or of FDR wherein the ash and/or debris undergo an oxidation process of the amphoteric metals and mixed with a binder.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for cementing are disclosed. Embodiments include a method of cementing comprising: providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, a primary set retarder, a secondary set retarder; activating the set-delayed cement composition to produce an activated cement composition; introducing the activated cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the activated cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Of the many compositions and methods provided herein, one method includes providing a settable fluid that comprises an aqueous-based medium, a lime composition, and a cementitious blend that comprises metakaolin particulates and aluminosilicate particulates, wherein the cementitious blend is essentially free of Portland cement; introducing the settable fluid into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation that comprises a corrosive component; and allowing the settable fluid to set therein.

Abstract: In a method of producing an activated construction mixture including cement, water, additives and superplasticizer the activation is performed with dimensionless criteria Reynolds and Power numbers within the limits of 20-800 and 4.0-0.1 respectively for increasing water adsorption with calcium silicate hydrate colloid formation and accelerating cement hydration.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations, including a method of cementing that may comprise providing a settable composition that may comprise wollastonite, pumice, a calcium-ion source, and water, wherein the wollastonite may be present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice, and wherein the pumice may present in an amount in a range of from about 25% to about 75% by combined weight of the wollastonite and pumice. Embodiments of the method further may comprise allowing the settable composition to set.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cement compositions and methods of using set-delayed cement compositions in subterranean formations. A method of cementing in a subterranean formation, may comprise providing a set-delayed cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, and a set retarder, activating the set-delayed cement composition with a cement set activator, wherein the cement set activator comprises at least one activator selected from the group consisting of nanosilica, a polyphosphate, and combinations thereof, introducing the set-delayed cement composition into a subterranean formation, and allowing the set-delayed cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A method of forming structures utilizing a hydrated lime material. A hydrated lime material is formed that is impermeable to water that is formed by subjecting a quicklime to a mixer and adding a surfactant and water to form the hydrated lime. The hydrated lime is then blended with a composite material to form a blended material that is impermeable to water. This blended material is then utilized in differing structures in order to form structures that are impermeable to water.

Abstract: The invention relates to CO2 capturing binder with an amortized environmental cost, the method of manufacture thereof by means of selecting, purifying and optimizing the carbide lime paste for use as a cementing material, and aggregates for the manufacture of lime paints and slurries, stuccos, mortars and concretes having multiple applications in the construction industry, in architectural restoration, in public works and land conditioning, object of the present invention. It is basically characterized in that the raw material is the residue in the form of sludge generated in the industrial manufacture of acetylene (C2H2) from calcium carbide (CaC2) the fundamental component of which is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in highly reactive nanometric formations treated in a specific manner according to the invention.

Abstract: A mixture for making gaseous concrete includes Portland cement, slaked lime, ash, aluminum gas forming material, dispersed reinforcing fiber, water, and as the gas forming material and the dispersed reinforcing fiber, it contains aluminated glass fiber, with the following ratio of components in mass %: Portland cement 30-34, Slaked lime 3-4, Ash 18-22, Aluminated glass fiber 1-5, water 37-42, Hemihydrate gypsum 0.4-0.5.

Abstract: Resilient graphitic carbon may be an effective lost-circulation control agent for well-cementing compositions. During primary or remedial cementing, the carbon particles may hinder or prevent the egress of the well-cementing composition from the wellbore into subterranean formations via formation fissures or cracks. The carbon particles may also be added to spacer fluids, chemical washes or both.

Abstract: A sealant composition may include a fly ash, hydrated lime, and at least one filler material selected from the group consisting of sand, barite, calcium carbonate, ground marble, iron oxide, manganese oxide, glass beads, crushed glass, crushed drill cuttings, ground vehicle tire, crushed rock, ground asphalt, crushed concrete, crushed cement, salt, ilmenite, hematite, silica flour, diatomaceous earth, a highly swellable clay miner, and any derivative thereof, and wherein the fly ash and hydrated lime together are present in an amount from about 0.25% to about 30% by weight of the sealant composition.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to plug-and-abandon operations that use plugging compositions comprising cement kiln dust, pumicite, and/or lime. An embodiment includes a method of plugging a well bore for abandonment comprising: placing a plugging composition in the well bore, the plugging composition comprising: cement kiln dust in an amount of about 5% to about 100% by weight of cementitious components, pumicite in an amount of about 5% to about 100% by weight of cementitious components, 0% to about 24% of Portland cement by weight of cementitious components, and water; and allowing the plugging composition to set and form a plug.

Abstract: A manufactured item for the building industry is disclosed, made mainly of bottom ash and/or debris coming from incineration processes of municipal solid waste or of waste which may be assimilated thereto and/or of RDF and of one or more binders. Such manufactured item may have the shape of small bricks, bricks, blocks, small blocks, kerbs, interlocking paving blocks, panels, tiles, prefabricated slabs, beams, elements for walls, modular building elements, indoor and outdoor cladding elements, blocks, rocks, supports. Moreover, a process for the manufacture of an item for the building industry is disclosed, from bottom ash and/or debris coming from incineration processes of municipal solid waste or of waste which may be assimilated thereto and/or of FDR wherein the ash and/or debris undergo an oxidation process of the amphoteric metals and mixed with a binder.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to geothermal grout, methods of making geothermal grout, and methods of using geothermal grout. The present disclosure is further directed to an geothermal grout with relative ease of preparation and desirable thermal conductivity while maintaining good sealant properties.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a sprayable hydraulic binder composition containing as main components water, aggregates, hydraulic binder, set accelerator, characterized in, that a calcium silicate hydrate (C—S—H) containing component is added before and/or at the spray nozzle.

Abstract: A CO2 control device and method for capturing CO2 from fluid flow, including: a flow-through apparatus and an CO2 absorbing filter treated with an alkaline material which is housed within the flow-through apparatus. The flow-through apparatus receives fluid flow and the CO2 from the fluid flow is absorbed by the CO2 absorbing filter. The absorbed CO2 is converted into CaCO3 which is combined with volcanic ash to form a useful cement material.

Abstract: A method of making a cementitious composition comprises (a) selecting at least one pozzolanic particulate material; (b) selecting and grinding at least one feldspar material to a fineness of at least 3000 Blaine; (c) mixing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with gypsum; (d) mixing the ground feldspar with the lime-gypsum mixture to produce an activator; (e) conditioning the pozzolanic particulate material with an aqueous solution; (f) adding the activator to the conditioned material to produce a slurry; and (g) curing the slurry in a sealed container. The pozzolanic particulate material can be slag, fly ash, or siliceous rock. A cementitious composition of the invention comprises a pozzolanic particulate material, a ground feldspar material, a lime compound and gypsum, and uses readily available materials, as an economic replacement for Portland cement, fly ash or other materials in filling, backfilling and paving, particularly for backfilling or stabilizing mine sites.

Abstract: A CO2 control device and method for capturing CO2 from fluid flow, including: a flow-through apparatus and an CO2 absorbing filter treated with an alkaline material which is housed within the flow-through apparatus. The flow-through apparatus receives fluid flow and the CO2 from the fluid flow is absorbed by the CO2 absorbing filter. The absorbed CO2 is converted into CaCO3 which is combined with volcanic ash to form a useful cement material.

Abstract: A method of making a cementitious composition comprises (a) selecting at least one pozzolanic particulate material; (b) selecting and grinding at least one feldspar material to a fineness of at least 3000 Blaine; (c) mixing calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with gypsum; (d) mixing the ground feldspar with the lime-gypsum mixture to produce an activator; (e) conditioning the pozzolanic particulate material with an aqueous solution; (f) adding the activator to the conditioned material to produce a slurry; and (g) curing the slurry in a sealed container. The pozzolanic particulate material can be slag, fly ash, or siliceous rock. A cementitious composition of the invention comprises a pozzolanic particulate material, a ground feldspar material, a lime compound and gypsum, and uses readily available materials, as an economic replacement for Portland cement, fly ash or other materials in filling, backfilling and paving, particularly for backfilling or stabilizing mine sites.

Abstract: The present invention provides reagents that may be useful for treating wastes such as impure aqueous materials including wastewater to remove a significant proportion of the heavy metals that may be contained therein. The reagents include a calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) source and may include one or more of the following elements as an oxide: calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, and sulfate. Further, the reagent comprises lime either as CaO or Ca(OH)2. In addition, the invention proyides methods for treating wastes such as impure aqueous materials to remove a significant proportion of the heavy metals contained therein.

Abstract: A high early strength pozzolan cement includes larger sized pozzolan particles blended with smaller sized hydraulic cement particles containing tricalcium silicate and/or dicalcium silicate (e.g., Portland cement). Excess calcium release from the hydraulic cement when mixed with water forms calcium hydroxide available for reaction with the pozzolan. The fineness of the hydraulic cement particles is substantially greater than the fineness of the pozzolan particles (e.g., about 1.25 to about 50 times greater). Reducing or eliminating coarse hydraulic cement particles that cannot fully hydrate but include unreacted cores reduces or eliminates wasted cement normally found in concrete. Replacing some or all of the coarse cement particles with pozzolan particles provides a pozzolan cement composition having significantly lower water demand compared to the hydraulic cement by itself.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing concrete, comprising: in producing concrete, previously providing at least one premix composition for a concrete mix, which has been measured and prepared by automatic control means according to properties required of the concrete; and kneading and mixing the previously provided premix composition for a concrete mix with cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregates, and water.

Abstract: A water and flame resistant dry mix stucco is disclosed. The dry mix stucco includes water and flame resistant materials as an integral part of the mixture. The dry mix stucco is combined with water and applied to structures.

Abstract: Method to manufacture useful building bricks, blocks and elements by pressing granulated or partly granulated material comprising fly ash that may vary in quantity up to 92% of by weight, and cement. The average apparent density of the building materials may vary from aerated concrete density, which is 0.8 to 1.52 gram per cubic centimetre. The granulated or partly granulated mixture is formed to brick, block or element in a press, characterizing the process, suitable to compact the material under specific pressures varying up to 35 Newton per square millimetre of mixture mass. The press is of the type known as Sand Lime Brick press. The moisture content of to compress and to form mass may not exceed 13%, to enable the automatically working clamp of the press to take off rows of building blocks and the like and to place the rows on top of each other on a hardening car. Hardening of the products takes place under known cement hardening conditions.

Abstract: A dry mix particulate composition of a calcined oxide of Mg and/or Ca, an acid phosphate, and fly ash or equivalent, wherein the calcined oxide is present in the range of from about 17% to about 40% by weight and the acid phosphate is present in the range of from about 29% to about 52% by weight and the fly ash or equivalent is present in the range of from about 24% to about 39% by weight when sand is added to the dry mix, it is present in the range of from about 39% to about 61% by weight of the combined dry mix and sand. A method of forming a structural member is also disclosed wherein an aqueous slurry of about 8–12 pounds of water is added to dry mix and sand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite of consolidation-hardening pile for soft ground and in which a composition ratio of an aggregate:a quicklime:an additive is 50–60 wt %:20–25 wt %:20–25 wt %, and the additive is an admixture made by mixing a powder of furnace slag, a fly ash or a mixture of the powder of furnace slag and the fly ash in a cement, the ratio of the cement, and the powder of furnace slag, the fly ash or the mixture of the powder of furnace slag aggregate and the fly ash is 65–85 wt %:15–35 wt %. As the pile is formed in the soft ground vertically, a composite has a strength of 50 kgf/cm2 or over to act as a supporting pile for sinking, and a reinforcing pile.

Abstract: Oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions for cementing in wells and subterranean formations are provided. The oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions basically comprise an oil external emulsion comprising oil, water and an emulsifying surfactant, a hydraulically settable component and a de-emulsifying surfactant for de-emulsifying the oil-external emulsion when the emulsion is cured.

Abstract: A supplemental agent for a hazardous waste composition containing electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) includes potassium magnesium sulfate or a magnesium salt such as magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride. The supplemental agent when mixed with EAFD and water, along with either lime inherent within the EAFD or added lime, reduces the leaching of heavy metals from the waste composition over a wide range of leaching conditions, including both acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments. The method for reducing the concentration of heavy metals in a leachate from the EAFD involves forming a mixture of EAFD, water, the supplemental agent, and, optionally, ferrous sulfate, along with lime, then permitting the mixture to react.

Abstract: Producing both colored and noncolored lightweight aggregates. The processes involve mixing a lightweight fine material such as ash with cement, and optionally pigment, then agglomerating the mixture, curing, and sizing the lightweight aggregate. Calcium stearate is added to the lightweight aggregate for reducing the moisture permeability of the lightweight aggregate end product. The colored and noncolored lightweight aggregate may be used in a variety of ways such as to provide a lightweight concrete mix with the same exterior and interior color, and for other asphalt pavement, geotechnical, horticulture, and specialty uses.

Abstract: A synthetic aggregate having a multiplicity of uses such as for mixing with a cementing material to form concrete, mortar or plaster is disclosed. The aggregate includes crushed fragments of a size which are capable of passing through mesh screen having sieve openings ranging from between about 19 mm and 75 microns. The aggregate fragments are made by curing and then crushing a compressed product. The compressed product is made by compressing an aqueous cementitious mixture comprising cement and at least one member selected from the group consisting of bottom ash and non-cementitious fly ash. The compressed product is cured so that it has a compressive strength of at least 600 psi.

Abstract: A synthetic slag is produced by a high temperature combustion reaction between coal ash having a high carbon content, and a source of lime such as cement kiln dust. The carbon content of the coal ash is oxidized by oxygen gas, which typically is derived from air or an air/oxygen combination in an exothermic reaction and the heat generated is exploited in the melting process. In this way the gaseous products will typically comprise nitrogen, unreacted oxygen and carbon dioxide, and heat energy can be readily recovered from the hot off gas products evolving during the combustion reaction. The synthetic slag may be pelletized and employed as lightweight mineral aggregate or milled to cement fineness to provide slag cement.

Abstract: Methods for drilling well bores and cementing a pipe string in the well bores using oil-based settable drilling fluids are provided. The oil-based settable drilling fluid compositions basically comprise an oil external emulsion comprising oil, water and an emulsifying surfactant; a hydraulically settable component; and a de-emulsifying surfactant for de-emulsifying the oil-external emulsion when the emulsion is cured.

Abstract: A masonry cement composition is provided which contains a blend of fly ash, Portland cement, a retarding agent, and an air entrainment agent. The masonry cement composition may be formed into a mortar having a high air content which exhibits good compressive strength and does not exhibit efflorescence.

Abstract: A synthetic aggregate having a multiplicity of uses such as for mixing with a cementing material to form concrete, mortar or plaster is disclosed. The aggregate includes crushed fragments of a size which are capable of passing through mesh screen having sieve openings ranging from between about 19 mm and 75 microns. The aggregate fragments are made by curing and then crushing a compressed product. The compressed product is made by compressing an aqueous cementitious mixture comprising cement and at least one member selected from the group consisting of bottom ash and non-cementitious fly ash. The compressed product is cured so that it has a compressive strength of at least 600 psi.

Abstract: Oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions and methods of using the compositions are provided. The oil-based settable spotting fluid compositions are basically comprised of oil, an emulsifying surfactant for emulsifying the oil with water whereby an oil-external emulsion is formed, a de-emulsifying surfactant which in time de-emulsifies said oil-external emulsion when the emulsion is contacted with external water, a hydraulic settable component selected from the group consisting of ASTM Class C or the equivalent fly ash and ASTM Class F or the equivalent fly ash together with a source of calcium and water selected from the group consisting of fresh water and salt water.