Abstract: The present invention describes a process for manufacture of high iron hydraulic cement clinker in production of cement and cementation binder for application in construction activity and in metallurgical industry for sintering of iron ore fines and making cold bonded briquettes and pellets. The process is cost effective and flexible for utilization of wide varieties of raw material consisting of lime and iron in production of high iron cements for different applications.

Abstract: A method for the production of cement clinker comprises the introduction of vitrified slag into the feedstock stream prior to the clinkering zone. The addition of vitrified slag can increase the clinker output rates and/or reduce the energy requirements for maintaining the kiln temperatures. In one embodiment, the vitrified slag is a vitrified blast furnace slag.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a blended cement capable of meeting ASTM C-595 and C-1157 standards. The blended cement of the present invention contains portland cement clinker, calcium sulfate and volcanic ash. The volcanic ash utilized by the present invention has been subjected to heat in the range of between 800° F. and 1300° F. and contains between 40% and 45% hollow spheres unable to pass #325 sieve. The portland cement clinker, calcium sulfate and volcanic ash are interground to an ultimate blaine fineness of between 350 m2/kg and 500 m2/kg to produce a blended cement capable of subsequent admixing with class C fly ash to produce synergistic effects.

Abstract: A process for forming cement clinker using mill scale that may have hydrocarbons associated therewith. Normal feedstock material is preheated and then transferred to a combustion area. The mill scale is also transferred to the combustion area where, during the process of burning a material, the unwanted hydrocarbons are volatilized and converted to harmless gaseous products (by combustion) that can be passed to the atmosphere. The combustion area may be a precalciner or may be the feed end of the rotary kiln if the rotary kiln has an adequate temperature profile. The remaining mill scale and feedstock material are thoroughly mixed and blended and the mill scale is diffused and combined with the feedstock material as the mill scale and the feedstock material move from the feed end toward the heat-source end of the rotary kiln to form cement clinker.

Abstract: A process for the production of Portland cement and white Portland cement using magnesium furnace slag, a waste product from the manufacture of magnesium metal, as a primary starting material. The furnace slag is blended with calcium oxide and silicon dioxide to form a feedstock which is heated to a temperature and for an amount of time sufficient to form clinker. The clinker is cooled, ground to a powder, and blended the clinker with powdered gypsum to form the Portland cement. White Portland cement may be produced by removing iron containing compounds from the slag, minimizing contamination of the material by iron compounds throughout the process, and cooling the clinker in a manner that minimizes oxidation of any remaining iron compounds in the clinker.

Abstract: In the production of cement clinker or cement with the addition of a cement additive (40), such as for example slag, which is ground in a closed-circuit grinding installation into slag meal (32) of equal fineness to cement, in order to utilize excess slag capacity in a beneficial way in the cement clinker production process, an intermediate slag fraction (33, 34) withdrawn from a three-fraction classifying device (31) is added as a raw material component to the stock inlet of the rotary kiln (20) of the cement clinker production line, and at the same time the chemical composition of the remaining raw material components (10) is adapted to the added quantity (34) of the intermediate slag fraction.

Abstract: An improved freeze/thaw characteristic is achieved in concrete by substituting crumb rubber for entrained air. The percent by volume of entrained air for concrete prescribed for a given set of freeze/thaw conditions is first determined then a predetermined quantity of crumb rubber is introduced into the mix in dependence on the percent of air entrained in the prescribed air entrained concrete.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems of incorporating a mineral based particulate into Portland cement including agglomerating a particulate material and an agglomerating material to produce an additive, introducing the additive into a raw feed before burning the raw feed. By introducing the additive before burning, minerals are added to cement clinker.

Abstract: A porosifying, solidification-accelerating additive for binding agent building materials consisting of Al2O3, 50-90%; MgO, 4-20%; SiO2, 0.5-15%; AlN, 0.1-5%; Fe2O3, 0.1-5%; CaO, 0.1-5%; F, 0.1-5%; Na2O, 0.1-5%; K2O, 0.1-2%; as well as in the form of metallic particles: Al, 0.1-10%; Si, 0.1-3%; Fe, 0.1-3%; balance in total maximum, 5%; annealing losses, 0.1-15%; and of mineral main constituents in the form of corumdum (&agr;-Al2O3) and spinel (MgO×Al2O3), wherein the metallic aluminum particles are enveloped by mineral transition modifications from aluminum hydroxide (Al2O3×3H2O) to &agr;-aluminum oxide, the powder comprises a particle size of at least 90% smaller than 500 &mgr;m, and the BET surface of the powder amounts to at least 10 m2/g.

Abstract: High-temperature and high-pressure water, preferably at or above supercritical conditions for water, is injected into a high-temperature flame of a fuel combustor such as a coal-fired furnace, or boiler, or a turbine, internal combustion engine, rocket or the like. The process enhances efficiency of the combustion process, and, when used with fuels such as coal, renders ash, particularly fly ash, cementitious, so that it can be used as a substitute for conventional cement, reduces the carbon content of the ash, so that it can be used as a cement additive, and reduces carbon dioxide emissions into the environment.

Abstract: A method for the production of cement clinker comprises the introduction of vitrified slag into the feedstock stream prior to the clinkering zone. The addition of vitrified slag can increase the clinker output rates and/or reduce the energy requirements for maintaining the kiln temperatures. In one embodiment, the vitrified slag is a vitrified blast furnace slag.

Abstract: A white pozzolan derived from by-products of manufacturing vitreous low alkali, low iron glass fibers, and to the method for producing the white pozzolan. The invention relates as well to cement compositions based on the white pozzolan, such as white and pigmented blended pozzolanic cements of high durability for use in applications such as white or colored architectural concrete, building materials, and manufactured cementitious products. The white pozzolan also functions as a high performance pozzolan with grey cement.

Abstract: A process for making a hydraulic cementitious mixture, which process comprises the steps of: (i) providing a first granular composition (A) comprising expressed in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis: SiO2 55 to 80, Al2O3 10 to 20, Na2O 1 to 10, K2O 1 to 10, Fe2O3 0.5 to 2, SrO 0 to 7, BaO 0 to 7, Ce2O3 0 to 4,CaO 0 to 2, La2O3 0 to 2, Nd2O3 0 to 1, Pr2O3 0 to 0.5, P2O5 0 to 0.5, ZrO2 0 to 0.5, Sb2O3 0 to 0.5, TiO20 to 0.5, MgO 0 to 0.2, MnO 0 to 0.1, wherein the chloride ion content is from 0.013 to 0.05 weight % and the sulphate ion content is from 0.03 to 0.15 weight %, and (ii) providing a second granular composition (B) comprising expressed in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis: CaO 80 to 99, SiO2 1 to 10, Fe2O30.1 to 1.5, MgO 0 to 8, Al2O3 0 to 3, BaO 0 to 2, K2O 0 to 0.4, Na2O 0 to 0.2, SrO 0 to 0.2, MnO 0 to 0.2, Ce2O30 to 0.1, La2O3 0 to 0.1, Pr2O3O 0 to 0.1, P2O5 0 to 0.1, Nd2O3 0 to 0.1, TiO2 0 to 0.1, wherein the chloride ion content is from 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing cement from a raw material mixture which includes finely ground steel slag. Selected quantities of steel slag and other raw materials are mixed with each other and supplied to a raw mill. The steel slag and other raw materials are preferably ground to a fine, dry powder. For some applications, the dry powder is preferably supplied to a blend tank for further mixing to ensure more uniform commingling of the finely ground steel slag with other finely ground raw materials. The fine dry powder may be supplied to a preheat system and then to the feed end of a kiln. Alternatively, the dry powder may be supplied directly to the feed end of a kiln.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an aggregate for use in cementitious building materials which-successfully incorporates plastic such as recycled plastic scrap of diverse types and a abrasive, inorganic grit particles. The plastic scrap is impregnated with a grit, such as sand, glass or other inorganic material. The plastic will then bond satisfactorily with a ark cementitious binder. Impregnation is accomplished by heating the plastic in particulate form, the grit or both, then mixing the plastic and grit. The aggregate can be reinforced by the addition of metallic or artificial fibers. Optionally, the aggregate can be formed with gas filled voids by adding sodium bicarbonate or borax during the heating process or by using plastics which “off-gas” during heating. In a further option, adhesive can be added to the cementitious mix, thereby fusing plastic particles together such that a skeleton providing reinforcement or support is formed in the cured aggregate.

Abstract: In the production of cement clinker or cement with the addition of a cement additive (40), such as for example slag, which is ground in a closed-circuit grinding installation into slag meal (32) of equal fineness to cement, in order to utilize excess slag capacity in a beneficial way in the cement clinker production process, an intermediate slag fraction (33, 34) withdrawn from a three-fraction classifying device (31) is added as a raw material component to the stock inlet of the rotary kiln (20) of the cement clinker production line, and at the same time the chemical composition of the remaining raw material components (10) is adapted to the added quantity (34) of the intermediate slag fraction.

Abstract: A process for preparing a flowable slurry comprising mixing 25-70 wt. % water; an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of chlorosilicon manufacturing byproducts, direct process residue gels, cement kiln dust, and mixtures thereof; and a process aid selected from the group consisting of sucrose, raffinose, lignin, methylglucopyranoside, lactose, fructose, sodium polyphosphate, trehalose and mixtures thereof to form a flowable slurry. This slurry is especially useful in the manufacture of cement.

Abstract: A process for forming crushable, “synthetic” rocks from waste gypsum involves collecting natural and synthetic gypsum waste in the form of flue gas desulfurization (“FGD”). The gypsum waste has a sludge-like consistency and is passed through an extruder where the moisture in the waste gypsum is drawn off and the waste is densified. The removal of moisture is accomplished under vacuum. The densified waste gypsum is extruded through a die to create three-dimensional shapes with preselected aspect ratios.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing both steam power and the fast-burnt cement clinker/fast burnt modified coal ash simultaneously in one apparatus, the fast-burnt cement clinker/fast-burnt modified coal ash prepared by said process as well as cement products prepared using them as active substance. It also discloses the apparatus suitable for embodying this process. Said process of the present invention possesses the technoligical features of fast-burning and fast-cooling and contributes a good hydraulic cementitious activity to the said fast-burnt cement clinker/fast-burnt modified coal ash which are capable of being directly used as active substance in cement production of high quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems of incorporating a mineral based particulate into Portland cement including agglomerating a particulate material and an agglomerating material to produce an additive, introducing the additive into a raw feed before burning the raw feed. By introducing the additive before burning, minerals are added to cement clinker.

Abstract: A method for recovering usable material from waste concrete is herein described. Specifically, waste concrete is mixed with water containing hydration stabilization admixtures, forming an aggregate slurry. The aggregates are then removed from the slurry for recycling. The slurry itself is then used for mixing with additional waste concrete, during which time the density of the slurry is monitored and action taken to ensure that the density of the slurry remains within acceptable parameters. The slurry is then used in place of fresh water when preparing subsequent batches of concrete.

Abstract: Methods for recycling cement kiln dust are described and involve heating a mixture containing at least one additive, water, and cement kiln dust for a sufficient time and at sufficient temperatures to form cement clinker. The additive contains an organic polyacid, a hydroxy carboxylic acid, a polycarboxylic acid, a saccharide, a carbohydrate, a salt thereof, or combinations thereof. A cement slurry containing water, cement kiln dust, and the above-described additive is also described as well as apparatus for recycling the cement kiln dust.

Abstract: Within the known Müller-Kühne process and a corresponding installation, a utilization of a great variety of residual materials can be achieved with optimum process control, both in regard to the production of a raw powder and the fuel, whereby this is made possible in particular in that the raw powder components and the fuel components also are, with respect to the residual materials being used, stored separately, conditioned, and then mixed according to the formulation under strict monitoring. The flue gas is used for preheating the raw powder by adding the cold raw powder to it. This simultaneously removes sticky components from the flue gas. The raw powder preheated in this manner, and also the raw powder or dust recovered in subsequent dedusters are returned to the rotary drum kiln, whereby the solid and other fuels are used and burned with a mutually supportive flame at the opposite end of the rotary drum kiln.

Abstract: This process for converting well drill cuttings into raw materials for the production of cement includes the steps of extracting limestone and clay, crushing and prehomogenizing the extracted materials, raw grinding and adjusting the composition by adding correctives, producing clinker in rotary kiln and cement grinding. Water based drill cutting sludge is introduced in the crushing and prehomogenizing step and oil-based drill cutting sludge is fed into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: A method of making cement from tailings or rock fines containing silicate or siliceous compounds includes grinding the tailings or rock fines to a size in the range of from about −250 to about 425 mesh to produce ground pozzolan. The ground pozzolan is mixed with Type 1 normal Portland cement or Type 3 high early strength Portland cement in a ratio of at least about 0.1:1 by weight to produce a blended cement.

Abstract: A process for preparing a flowable slurry comprising mixing 25-70 wt. % water; an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of chlorosilicon manufacturing byproducts, direct process residue gels, cement kiln dust, and mixtures thereof; and a process aid selected from the group consisting of sucrose, raffinose, lignin, methylglucopyranoside, lactose, fructose, sodium polyphosphate, trehalose and mixtures thereof to form a flowable slurry. This slurry is especially useful in the manufacture of cement.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a concrete-like composition made from class C flyash and glass. The composition may also include an inhibitor, such as sodium borate, to control the time required for the composition to harden. A method for making the composition is also disclosed. The present invention further discloses a glass crushing apparatus which may be used to crush the glass used in the composition and method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing products which are produced using a rotary kiln to heat up raw materials introduced therein, the rotary kiln being of the type having an inlet end, an intermediate zone, a burning zone and a discharge end. The method of manufacturing includes firstly introducing raw material at an inlet end of a rotary kiln. The raw material is then passed through an intermediate zone of the rotary kiln. It is then passed through a burning zone of the rotary kiln. Waste rubber material is introduced as at least a portion of fuel while the raw material passes through the burning zone adjacent to the discharge end.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of: preparing a belitic crude cement, neutralizing waste sulfurous acids by means of at least clay-calcareous fines which are thus transformed into artificial gypsum, and adding said artificial gypsum to the belitic crude cement.

Abstract: A composition for manufacturing logs for handling pallets or building elements. The composition utilizes small-size ligneous waste associated with cement, plaster of pairs, lime, silica and water, the quantities of these various components being as follows: ligneous waste: 3 to 15 parts in volume cement: 1 to 2 parts in volume plaster: 1 to 2 parts in volume lime: 1 to 2 parts in volume water: ½ to 5 parts in volume silica: 1 to 10% in volume of the total volume of the composition.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate sludge from sugar beet refining is recycled for use as a blast cleaning medium; and contaminate blast cleaning media is employed in the manufacture of cement. Also disclosed herein is the use of pumice as an additive to enhance the efficiency of blast cleaning media.

Abstract: In a method for reducing the amount of chloride components in cement clinker kilns at least a portion of the chloride-containing gases is removed from the kiln chamber. The gases are guided into a condenser whereby the gas temperature is maintained at a value above the condensation temperature of the chloride components. The chloride components are then cooled on cooled condensation surfaces of the condenser to a value below the condensation temperature. The cleaned gases are removed from the condenser and preferably returned into the kiln chamber. The condensation surfaces are continuously or discontinuously cleaned, and the removed chloride crystals are taken out of the condenser.

Abstract: A hardener composition useful for producing shaped cement articles while utilizing wastes such as waste incineration ash or papermaking sludge incineration ash and broken concrete; and a process for producing shaped cement articles by using this hardener composition.The process comprises kneading a hardener composition comprising 4.0 to 13.0 wt. % of sodium carbonate, 5.0 to 10.6 wt. % of potassium carbonate, 5.2 to 11.2 wt. % of sodium chloride, 1.1 to 4.1 wt. % of ammonium chloride, 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % of cobalt chloride, 0.4 to 8.6 wt. % of superplasticizer for concrete formation consisting maily of a polyalkylallyl-sulfonate salt, and 51.0 to 84.2 wt. % of water together with the wastes and cement and shaping and curing. The substances inducing secondary pollution which are contained in the wastes are prevented from dissolving away or exuding from the cement articles.

Abstract: A method of solidifying a waste or soil composition containing at least one contaminant species which comprises adding to said composition binder and optionally water, mixing the binder into the waste or soil material to form a mixture thereof and simultaneously during formation of the mixture and/or subsequently after formation of the mixture, treating the mixture with sufficient carbon dioxide to achieve setting and subsequent hardening of said mixture so as to produce a solidified waste or soil composition.

Abstract: Undried blast furnace slag, for example, granulated blast furnace slag having a water content of 3 to 20, generally 5 to 15%, by weight, is introduced to hot clinker in a cooler downstream of a cement kiln; the water is volatilized or evaporated in the cooler to provide a cement clinker having an effective content of dried blast furnace slag free of water; this permits use of blast furnace slag in a blended cement without the need for separate special steps for drying the slag.

Abstract: In the processing of exhaust gases by a chlorine bypass system, a portion of kiln exhaust gases G is extracted from a kiln 1, after the extracted exhaust gases G are instantly cooled to 600.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. or less, the dust W in the cooled exhaust gases is separated to rough powder and fine powder by a separator, the separated rough powder is returned to the kiln 1 and the separated fine powder is discharged to a cement system, wherein extracting means extracts the kiln exhaust gases at the ratio more than 0% to equal to or less than 5% and the separating point of the separator is set to 5 .mu.m to 7 .mu.m.

Abstract: The invention concerns insulating mortar which displays very good heat-insulating properties. It contains at least 70 vol. %, preferably at least 80 vol. %, in particular at least 85 vol. %, recycled, comminuted hard polyurethane, the remainder consisting of cement and optionally additives as well as water for setting purposes.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermo-chemical remediation and decontamination of sediments and soils contaminated with organic contaminants as well as inorganic materials with subsequent beneficial reuse. Novel environmentally stable products of commercial value are produced when certain additives such as calcium and metal oxides are mixed with the contaminated materials. In the process, the mixture is heated to 1150.degree. C..about.1500.degree. C. to produce a molten reaction product with at least part of an excess amount of oxygen mixture or air is continuously bubbled through the melt in order to provide mixing and achieve high thermal destruction and removal efficiencies of the organic contaminants. The melt is then quickly quenched in moist air, steam, or water to avoid the transformation of the amorphous material into crystals. The inorganic contaminants such as chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. are incorporated and completely immobilized within the amorphous silicate network.

Abstract: A method for producing portland cement includes adding stabilized electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) to the raw materials fed into the feed end of a rotary cement kiln to form a cement clinker. The untreated EAFD is preferably stabilized by forming a mixture of water, lime, and a cementitious reactant consisting of untreated electric arc furnace dust. Preferably, dolomitic lime is used and ferrous sulfate is added to the mixture. The stabilized EAFD, which is so soft that no grinding is necessary, may be nonetheless passed through the grinding mill along with the cement raw materials (excluding stabilized EAFD), combined with the raw materials after the raw materials are ground, or delivered directly to the rotary cement kiln in a stream separate from the cement raw materials. The stabilized EAFD serves as an inexpensive iron source in place of iron ore, mill scale, coal ash, or others.

Abstract: The method for producing mineral products having a great heat content from waste materials and slurries and resulting products comprises the steps of: submitting the waste materials and slurries to a homogenizing mixing; making a stoichiometric mixture at least of CaCO.sub.3, clay and SiO.sub.2 ; circulating the stoichiometric mixture in at least one heating and calcinating furnace whereby a lime product is produced at a temperature for decarbonating CaCO.sub.3 ; separating at least in part the lime product; and raising the temperature at least until obtainment of (CaO).sub.2 (SiO.sub.2).beta. having hydraulic properties and a crystallised form wherein .beta. is belite.

Abstract: This invention aims to provide an inorganic porous body which can be ensured with high strength and high porosity and which is applicable to soil conditioners. The inorganic porous body has a pellet-shape having pores, includes 50% and more silica by weight, and 20% and more alumina by weight. Also, the inorganic porous body has a porosity of 40% and more by volume. The sludge, which discharged from casting foundries as sludge-wastes and which has an ignition loss of 20%, is utilized as a starting material. The starting material is mixed with water to make a mixture, the mixture is formed to become pellets, and the pellets are burned.

Abstract: Contaminated coal ash, for example flyash contaminated with carbon is introduced to hot clinker in a cooler downstream of a cement kiln; the carbon is combusted in the cooler to provide a cement clinker having an effective content of flyash free of carbon; this permits use of flyash contaminated with carbon without the need for separate special steps for carbon removal; volatile contaminants or contaminants having a volatile component, for example adsorbed ammonia are similarly removed in the cooler by volatilization.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermo-chemical remediation and decontamination of sediments and soils contaminated with organic contaminants as well as inorganic materials with subsequent beneficial reuse. Novel environmentally stable products of commercial value are produced when certain additives such as calcium and metal oxides are mixed with the contaminated materials. In the process, the mixture is heated to 1150.degree. C..about.1500.degree. C. to produce a molten reaction product with at least part of an excess amount of oxygen mixture or air is continuously bubbled through the melt in order to provide mixing and achieve high thermal destruction and removal efficiencies of the organic contaminants. The melt is then quickly quenched in moist air, steam, or water to avoid the transformation of the amorphous material into crystals. The inorganic contaminants such as chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. are incorporated and completely immobilized within the amorphous silicate network.

Abstract: Cement and elemental sulfur are produced by forming a moist mixture of a flue gas desulfurization process waste product containing 80-95 percent by weight calcium sulfate hemihydrate and 5-20 percent by weight calcium sulfate hemihydrate, aluminum, iron, silica and carbon, agglomerating the moist mixture while drying the same to form a feedstock, and calcining the dry agglomerated feedstock in a rotary kiln. Sulfur dioxide produced during the calcination is cooled and contacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide to reduce the same to elemental sulfur.

Abstract: Cement is produced by forming a moist mixture of a flue gas desulfurization process waste product containing 80-95 percent by weight calcium sulfite hemihydrate and 5-20 percent by weight calcium sulfate hemihydrate, aluminum, iron, silica and carbon, agglomerating the moist mixture while drying the same to form a feedstock, and calcining the dry agglomerated feedstock in a rotary kiln. Sulfur dioxide released from the calcium sulfite hemihydrate and calcium sulfate hemihydrate during calcination may be used to produce sulfuric acid, while heat recovered in the process is used to dry the agglomerating feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a plant for manufacturing mineralized portland cement clinker. The method and plant provides for preheating, calcining, burning and finally cooling the clinker. The mineralizer may e.g. be gypsum, fluorine, or a waste product containing these or other mineralizers. The mineralizer is added to the feedstock after the feedstock has been fed to the process, preferably after the cyclone which handles the feed to the calciner, i.e. the last cyclone in the preheater, or the lowermost preheater stage in a plant which does not incorporate a calciner.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process of treatment and environment-friendly utilization of asbestos-cement products including a thermal process to transform the asbestos component. Inventively, this is achieved by a coarse reduction of the asbestos-cement products under black side conditions with maintained vacuum. Then, the material is ground to asbestos-cement meal and fed to the flame zone of the rotary kiln of a cement clinker production line. Depending on the fuel type used, the portion of fed asbestos-cement meal varies between 2 and 5%, related to the amount of cement raw meal, substituting 2 to 5% of the cement raw meal mix at a time. The thermal transformation of the asbestos component takes place with temperatures of approximately 1800.degree. C. in the burner zone. The modified residual substance becomes a constituent of the cement clinker due to assimilation in the kiln charge.

Abstract: A process for forming an ash aggregate is provided. The process involves mixing a cellulose sludge material with an ash component. The ash component may comprise fly ash or sanitary waste ash in combination with fly ash. The sludge component preferably comprises paper mill sludge or pulp mill sludge. The hard lightweight aggregate may be utilized in a variety of manners, for example, to provide lightweight concrete and lightweight concrete mixes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing SO.sub.2 -containing gas and cement clinker by splitting waste gypsum and anhydrite, using paper fibers as the reducing agent, and firing the splitting residue with additives. The cement forming additives are formed into a mixture with the anhydrite and the mixture is compacted before the final drying and calcining, whereupon the anhydrite containing mixture is subjected to the splitting reaction and firing to form the clinker.

Abstract: A process for preparing high strength, rock-like, water-resistant aggregates by high intensity mixing of acidic metal chlorides and alkaline/cementitious materials in the presence of a low water ratio wherein the metal chlorides are simultaneously neutralized/stabilized and the mixture is solidified.