Fly Ash Patents (Class 106/DIG1)
  • Patent number: 6143069
    Abstract: The present invention provides light weight high temperature well cement compositions and methods. The compositions are basically comprised of calcium aluminate, ASTM class F fly ash and water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 7, 2000
    Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
    Inventors: Lance E. Brothers, Susan M. Turkett, Barry B. Ekstrand, D. Chad Brenneis, Jerry D. Childs
  • Patent number: 6139960
    Abstract: A method for producing a mineral filler from fly ash is provided in which fly ash is dry processed in an air classifier to obtain a fine fraction having an average particle size of from about 0.1 to 5 microns. The fine fraction is then preferably passed through a magnetic separator to remove ferrous iron oxides and may optionally be treated with a surface modifier. The resulting processed fly ash may be used in a wide variety of filler applications.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 17, 1999
    Date of Patent: October 31, 2000
    Assignee: Mineral Resource Technologies, LLC
    Inventors: Robert William Styron, Kamal Seyi Abiodun
  • Patent number: 6136089
    Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the properties of carbon-containing fly ash through ozonation is described. The apparatus includes a chamber for containing the fly ash and an ozonator that generates an ozone-containing gas. The ozonator supplies the ozone-containing gas such that it enters the chamber with the fly ash and deactivates carbon within the fly ash. Afterwards, the fly ash will have decreased surfactant adsorptivity so that it can be effectively mixed with cement or whatever other materials may require fly ash with passivated carbon.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 31, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 24, 2000
    Assignee: Brown University Research Foundation
    Inventors: Robert Hurt, Eric Suuberg, Yu-Ming Gao, Alicia Burnett
  • Patent number: 6132355
    Abstract: Process for rendering ash inert, according to which a reactant selected from phosphoric acid and alkali metal phosphates is added to the ash, the phosphate-containing mixture thus obtained is subjected to puddling with water and a hydraulic binder so as to form a hydraulic mortar, and the mortar is subjected to setting and hardening.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 1999
    Date of Patent: October 17, 2000
    Assignee: Solvay (Societe Anonyme)
    Inventor: Rene Derie
  • Patent number: 6126738
    Abstract: A method for making aggregate includes the following steps: (a) preparing a wet mixture by mixing water with a combination of ingredients in a mixer, the combination of ingredients including by weight about, 68% to 95% fly-ash and 2% to 10% lime; (b) dropping the wet mixture into at least one pile on a base surface; (c) allowing the wet mixture in the pile to substantially completely hydrolyze into a hard product; and (d) crushing the product to form the aggregate. Preferably, step (b) further includes forming an arcuate stack having multiple overlapping conical piles of the dropped wet mixture such that the stack extends a circular distance over the surface. The wet mixture may be transported from the mixer to a height above the surface and dropped to the surface by a radial stacker. The combination of ingredients, preferably, further includes by weight 0.5% to 12% alkali hydroxide and, more particularly, sodium hydroxide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 6, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 3, 2000
    Assignee: TransAsh
    Inventors: John W. Gerbus, Daniel P. Ivkovich
  • Patent number: 6057257
    Abstract: An environmentally safe abrasive composition which contains at least about 60 weight percent of ferrometalsilicate, at least about 5 weight percent of spinel, and at least about 70 weight percent of crystalline material. This composition has a Vickers hardness of at least about 550 and a density of from about 2.8 to about 4.1 grams per cubic centimeter. It is crystallized in situ from a thermally crystallizable mixture comprising from about 50 to about 75 weight percent of electric arc furnace dust, from about 5 to about 40 weight percent of glass, and at least about 10 weight percent of silica sand.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 28, 1998
    Date of Patent: May 2, 2000
    Assignee: Howard J. Greenwald
    Inventors: James Morano, Gerald P. Balcar
  • Patent number: 6038987
    Abstract: A method for reducing the carbon content of a combustion ash containing siliceous ash particles and carbon particles includes subjecting the combustion ash to comminution to reduce the particle size of the siliceous ash particles and the carbon particles followed by separating a portion of the carbon particles from the siliceous ash particles by subjecting the comminuted ash to a flow of gas which separates the carbon particles from the siliceous ash particles. The method preferably is performed in a unitary housing by employing autogenous grinding to effect the comminution of the particles and employing a classifying rotor to separate the comminuted portion of the carbon particles based on the density differential between the siliceous ash particles and the carbon particles. A method of making a concrete mixture employing the obtained combustion ash with reduced carbon content is also provided. An apparatus for reducing the carbon content of the combustion ash is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 11, 1999
    Date of Patent: March 21, 2000
    Assignee: Pittsburgh Mineral and Environmental Technology, Inc.
    Inventor: Casmir J. Koshinski
  • Patent number: 6036768
    Abstract: The cement composition of this invention includes 10 to 35% by weight of portland cement, 65 to 90% by weight of a synthetic pozzolan, and an activator for reducing the positive surface potential of the synthetic pozzolan. The synthetic pozzolan is obtained by an at least partial reduction from combustion residues having a SiO.sub.2 /CaO ratio of greater than 1:1 and containing Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O as alkali oxides in an amount exceeding 1.5% by weight. The activator includes anionically active or anionic tensides.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 29, 1998
    Date of Patent: March 14, 2000
    Assignee: "Holderbank" Financiere Glarus AG
    Inventors: Alfred Edlinger, Juraj Gebauer, Horst Wolter
  • Patent number: 6033468
    Abstract: A composition comprises anhydrous alumino-silicate, diatomaceous earth, and/or other natural pozzolans, white clinker, and white gypsum interground together and in a ratio by weight of 5-20% anhydrous alumino-silicate, diatomaceous earth, and/or other natural pozzolans, 3-7% gypsum, and 73-92% white clinker.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 1997
    Date of Patent: March 7, 2000
    Inventors: Timothy S. Folks, Patrick M. Hill, Frank T. Sheets, III, Richard F. Ball, Joseph R. Sisneros, Jesus Uribe, Curtis W. Forrester
  • Patent number: 6030446
    Abstract: A cementitious composition for the molding of ultra-lightweight, durable, large structural units comprising Portland cement, coal combustion byproducts, expanded or extruded polystyrene and water, and a modified block machine used in the manufacture of such structural units.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 1996
    Date of Patent: February 29, 2000
    Assignee: Peerless Block & Brick Co.
    Inventors: Steven Everett Doty, Robert Jeffry Maddy
  • Patent number: 6019830
    Abstract: Aqueous colloidal dispersion driveway sealer compositions especially adapted for cold application are made available through the controlled utilization of fly ash.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 18, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 1, 2000
    Assignee: Gardner Asphalt Corporation
    Inventors: Michael L. Yap, Raymond T. Hyer, Barton J. Malina
  • Patent number: 6007620
    Abstract: A process of manufacturing blended white cement comprises the following steps: (a) providing anhydrous alumino-silicate, diatomaceous earth, and/or other natural pozzolans; (b) providing white clinker; (c) providing gypsum; and (d) combining and grinding the anhydrous alumino-silicate; the white clinker, and the gypsum together to form the blended white cement.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 28, 1999
    Inventors: Timothy S. Folks, Patrick M. Hill, Frank T. Sheets, III, Richard F. Ball, Joseph R. Sisneros
  • Patent number: 5997632
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to blended hydraulic cement compositions which are formed with subbituminous fly ash. In one embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % potassium carbonate; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % citric acid; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % lithium carbonate; and from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of a subbituminous fly ash. In another embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of an alkali source selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and blends thereof; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % citric acid; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % lithium carbonate; from about 25 wt. % to about 91.7 wt. % of a first subbituminous fly ash having a lime content; and from about 8 wt. % to about 60 wt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 30, 1998
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1999
    Assignee: Mineral Resources Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Robert William Styron
  • Patent number: 5997631
    Abstract: A hardener composition useful for producing shaped cement articles while utilizing wastes such as waste incineration ash or papermaking sludge incineration ash and broken concrete; and a process for producing shaped cement articles by using this hardener composition.The process comprises kneading a hardener composition comprising 4.0 to 13.0 wt. % of sodium carbonate, 5.0 to 10.6 wt. % of potassium carbonate, 5.2 to 11.2 wt. % of sodium chloride, 1.1 to 4.1 wt. % of ammonium chloride, 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % of cobalt chloride, 0.4 to 8.6 wt. % of superplasticizer for concrete formation consisting maily of a polyalkylallyl-sulfonate salt, and 51.0 to 84.2 wt. % of water together with the wastes and cement and shaping and curing. The substances inducing secondary pollution which are contained in the wastes are prevented from dissolving away or exuding from the cement articles.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 8, 1999
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1999
    Assignees: Toho Corporation Co., Ltd., Joban Juki Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Song Yop Cho
  • Patent number: 5997629
    Abstract: A method of solidifying a waste or soil composition containing at least one contaminant species which comprises adding to said composition binder and optionally water, mixing the binder into the waste or soil material to form a mixture thereof and simultaneously during formation of the mixture and/or subsequently after formation of the mixture, treating the mixture with sufficient carbon dioxide to achieve setting and subsequent hardening of said mixture so as to produce a solidified waste or soil composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 19, 1998
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1999
    Assignee: Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
    Inventor: Colin Hills
  • Patent number: 5992336
    Abstract: Bottom ash and flyash having high LOI is reburned in a pulverized coal furnace. The bottom ash is added to the coal supply before the coal is pulverized. Flyash is added to the pulverized coal stream for injection with the pulverized coal or is separately injected into the furnace at or slightly above the level of the coal burners in the furnace. The bottom ash and flyash is added to the coal in direct proportion of 1% to 3.5% of the coal.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 31, 1996
    Date of Patent: November 30, 1999
    Assignee: Wisconsin Electric Power Company
    Inventor: Bruce W. Ramme
  • Patent number: 5988396
    Abstract: Processes for treating fly ash to enhance the fly ash as a pozzolan for portland cement mixes and to separate therefrom a substantial carbon compound and/or to increase the fineness of the fly ash include the treatment of a fly ash slurry with ultrasonic energy using ultrasonic horns immersed in a slurry of fly ash and water and imparting to said slurry such ultrasonic energy as to cause microscopic cavities to form and implode with high localized energy to break up fly ash agglomerations along cleavage lines and to break up carbon particles and matrices which have entrapped fly ash microspheres therein to release the microspheres into the slurry. A conditioner agent may be added at or during ultrasonic treatment to enhance the flotation of the carbon compound.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 18, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 23, 1999
    Assignee: ISG Resources, Inc.
    Inventors: Rafic Y. Minkara, Jerry L. Heavilon
  • Patent number: 5981413
    Abstract: A glass-ceramic composition which is is crystallized in situ from a thermally crystallizable mixture containing from about 40 to about 80 weight percent of electric arc furnace dust and from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of glass. The composition has a Vickers hardness of at least about 5.5 gigaPascals, a Vickers fracture toughness of from about 0.6 to about 1.5 megaPascals.meters.sup.0.5, and a density of from about 2.8 to about 4.1 grams per cubic centimeter; and it contains from about 20 to about 40 weight percent of an iron oxide. When the composition is tested in accordance with the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, it produces a leachate which contains no detectable mercury, no detectable barium, no detectable selenium, less than 0.2 parts per million of detectable lead, less than 0.5 parts per million of detectable chromium, less than 0.1 parts per million of detectable cadmium, less than 0.005 parts per million of detectable arsenic, and less than 0.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 2, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 9, 1999
    Assignee: Howard J. Greenwald
    Inventor: Roland D. Hale
  • Patent number: 5976240
    Abstract: An additive for reducing the calcium aluminate cement content in a refractory mix containing calcium aluminate cement. The additive is comprised of about 80% by weight amorphous, powdered metakaolin, the metakaolin having a mean particle size of less than about 3.0 microns, and about 20% by weight microsilica, the microsilica having a mean particle size of less than 45 microns.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 8, 1997
    Date of Patent: November 2, 1999
    Assignee: North American Refractories Co.
    Inventor: Thomas F. Vezza
  • Patent number: 5968254
    Abstract: A composition for manufacturing concrete containing cement, coal ash, and organic plant ash, and a process of making such composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 1998
    Date of Patent: October 19, 1999
    Assignee: Southern Company Services
    Inventors: Harold Dean Dodgen, Charles Lamar Larrimore
  • Patent number: 5935885
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming glass-ceramic tiles. Fly ash containing organic material, metal contaminants, and glass forming materials is oxidized under conditions effective to combust the organic material and partially oxidize the metallic contaminants and the glass forming materials. The oxidized glass forming materials are vitrified to form a glass melt. This glass melt is then formed into tiles containing metallic contaminants.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 20, 1997
    Date of Patent: August 10, 1999
    Assignee: Vortec Corporation
    Inventors: James G. Hnat, Akshay Mathur, James C. Simpson
  • Patent number: 5936216
    Abstract: A froth floatation process for separating carbon from coal ash incorporates a step of screening the coal ash before the coal ash is formed into a slurry.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 1998
    Date of Patent: August 10, 1999
    Inventor: Chiung-Hsin Wu
  • Patent number: 5928420
    Abstract: A combination of a class C fly ash having a high analytical content of CaO, and a silica fume, with a hydraulic cement, such as Portland cement, produces concrete with alkali-silica reactive aggregate having acceptable low expansion such as by ASTM C 1260; and also produces sulphate resistance with mineral aggregates generally.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 24, 1998
    Date of Patent: July 27, 1999
    Assignee: Lafarge Canada, Inc.
    Inventors: David Bridson Oates, Michael David Arthur Thomas, Philip de Sousa Zacarias, Donald Stephen Hopkins, Kevin Moire Cail
  • Patent number: 5900053
    Abstract: The present invention provides light weight high temperature well cement compositions and methods. The compositions are basically comprised of calcium phosphate cement, water, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer and a gas present in an amount sufficient to form a foam having a density in the range from about 11.5 to about 15 pounds per gallon.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 15, 1997
    Date of Patent: May 4, 1999
    Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
    Inventors: Lance E. Brothers, D. Chad Brenneis, Jerry D. Childs
  • Patent number: 5897943
    Abstract: Metal matrix composites comprising of a solid preform comprising of a filler phase containing fly ash and a binding material having a binder to water ratio of 1:1 to 1:9, wherein the preform contains a metal homogeneously distributed within the preform.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 23, 1997
    Date of Patent: April 27, 1999
    Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.
    Inventor: Pradeep K. Rohatgi
  • Patent number: 5887724
    Abstract: A method of reducing the carbon content of a dry bi-modal fly ash includes subjecting the bi-modal fly ash to dry vibrating screen separation into a carbon rich component and a carbon depleted fly ash component with the carbon depleted fly ash component being created with a carbon content less than about 4 percent by weight and at least 50 weight percent of the fly ash component of the bi-modal fly ash. The dry vibrating screen separation is preferably a single step process with no prior substantial concentration of the carbon component of the bi-modal fly ash. It is preferred to employ bi-modal fly ash produced as a result of combustion of coal. A method of making a concrete mixture employing the carbon depleted component is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 9, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 30, 1999
    Assignee: Pittsburgh Mineral & Environmental Technology
    Inventors: Thomas E. Weyand, Casimir J. Koshinski
  • Patent number: 5880045
    Abstract: Lead-free phosphate glass compositions are provided which can be used to immobilize low level and/or high level radioactive wastes in monolithic waste forms. The glass composition may also be used without waste contained therein. Lead-free phosphate glass compositions prepared at about 900.degree. C. include mixtures from about 1 mole % to about 6 mole %.iron (III) oxide, from about 1 mole % to about 6 mole % aluminum oxide, from about 15 mole % to about 20 mole % sodium oxide or potassium oxide, and from about 30 mole % to about 60 mole % phosphate. The invention also provides phosphate, lead-free glass ceramic glass compositions which are prepared from about 400.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. and which includes from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % sodium oxide, from about 20 mole % to about 50 mole % tin oxide, from about 30 mole % to about 70 mole % phosphate, from about 3 mole % to about 6 mole % aluminum oxide, from about 3 mole % to about 8 mole % silicon oxide, from about 0.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 1998
    Date of Patent: March 9, 1999
    Assignee: Brookhaven Science Associates
    Inventors: Hui Cao, Jay W. Adams, Paul D. Kalb
  • Patent number: 5853475
    Abstract: The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction. The invention includes a method for predicting the compressive strength of such a hardenable mixture, which is very important for planning a project. The invention also relates to hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash which can achieve greater compressive strength than hardenable mixtures containing only concrete over the time period relevant for construction. In a specific embodiment, a formula is provided that accurately predicts compressive strength of concrete containing fly ash out to 180 days. In other specific examples, concrete and mortar containing about 15% to 25% fly ash as a replacement for cement, which are capable of meeting design specification required for building and highway construction, are provided. Such materials can thus significantly reduce construction costs.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 20, 1996
    Date of Patent: December 29, 1998
    Assignee: New Jersey Institute of Technology
    Inventors: John W. Liskowitz, Methi Wecharatana, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Anthony E. Cerkanowicz, deceased
  • Patent number: 5846314
    Abstract: A method of treating a dilute aqueous suspension of solid particulate material comprising waste material from a process for recovering petroleum from oil sand includes diluting the suspension with at least 75% of its own volume of water thereby to increase the settling rate of the particulate material and allowing the particulate material to settle to form a concentrated solid sediment. The treated suspension may have been obtained from a process in which an alkaline solution is used to treat the oil sand. The water from which the concentrated solid sediment is separated may be returned to the process for recovering petroleum from oil sand. The solid sediment may be transferred to a separation vessel in which it is fractionated into a coarse particle fraction and a fine particle fraction. The fine particle fraction may comprise essentially particles having an equivalent spherical diameter not greater than 3 .mu.m. The concentrated solid material recovered may be calcined to form a pozzolanic material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 29, 1996
    Date of Patent: December 8, 1998
    Assignee: ECC International Ltd.
    Inventor: Christopher Robin Langdon Golley
  • Patent number: 5846313
    Abstract: A method for regulating the quality, such as the combustion loss values, of coal ashes so as to make the same suitable for use in cements is disclosed. The method includes mixing ashes having high combustion loss values with fly ashes having low combustion loss values so that the high combustion loss ashes can be used in cements. The ashes are preferably burned prior to the mixing step in order to reduce residual carbon and oily substances present in the ashes. Bottom ashes collected at the bottom of furnaces are ground and fired to have a combustion loss value and a particle size close to those of fly ashes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 18, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 8, 1998
    Inventor: Yu-Liang Chuang
  • Patent number: 5843857
    Abstract: This invention aims to provide an inorganic porous body which can be ensured with high strength and high porosity and which is applicable to soil conditioners. The inorganic porous body has a pellet-shape having pores, includes 50% and more silica by weight, and 20% and more alumina by weight. Also, the inorganic porous body has a porosity of 40% and more by volume. The sludge, which discharged from casting foundries as sludge-wastes and which has an ignition loss of 20%, is utilized as a starting material. The starting material is mixed with water to make a mixture, the mixture is formed to become pellets, and the pellets are burned.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 4, 1997
    Date of Patent: December 1, 1998
    Assignee: Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Hayato Kato
  • Patent number: 5840179
    Abstract: Processes for treating fly ash to enhance the fly ash as a pozzolan for portland cement mixes and to separate therefrom a substantial carbon compound and/or to increase the fineness of the fly ash include the treatment of a fly ash slurry with ultrasonic energy using ultrasonic horns immersed in a slurry of fly ash and water and imparting to said slurry such ultrasonic energy as to cause microscopic cavities to form and implode with high localized energy to break up fly ash agglomerations along cleavage lines and to break up carbon particles and matrices which have entrapped fly ash microspheres therein to release the microspheres into the slurry. A conditioner agent may be added at or during ultrasonic treatment to enhance the flotation of the carbon compound.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 17, 1998
    Date of Patent: November 24, 1998
    Assignee: JTM Industries, Inc.
    Inventors: Rafic Y. Minkara, Jerry L. Heavilon
  • Patent number: 5837052
    Abstract: Contaminated coal ash, for example flyash contaminated with carbon is introduced to hot clinker in a cooler downstream of a cement kiln; the carbon is combusted in the cooler to provide a cement clinker having an effective content of flyash free of carbon; this permits use of flyash contaminated with carbon without the need for separate special steps for carbon removal; volatile contaminants or contaminants having a volatile component, for example adsorbed ammonia are similarly removed in the cooler by volatilization.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 10, 1997
    Date of Patent: November 17, 1998
    Assignee: Lafarge Canada Inc.
    Inventors: David Bridson Oates, Horace Hershel Compton, Syed Suhail Akhtar
  • Patent number: 5820668
    Abstract: An inorganic binder composition has a first constituent which is a poly(sialate) or a poly(sialate-siloxo) admixed with a second constituent which has one or more of: fly ash F, fly ash C, fumed silica, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, pozzolan, ground slag, nephelene cyanite, anhydrous aluminum silicate, hydrous aluminum silicate, hydrous sodium hydroxide, silicic acid, potassium salt, and sodium salt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 22, 1995
    Date of Patent: October 13, 1998
    Assignee: IB Technologies LLC
    Inventor: Douglas C. Comrie
  • Patent number: 5817230
    Abstract: A method for improving the pozzolanic character of fly ash includes the steps of first hydraulically classifying and then flotation separating the fly ash in order to reduce particle size distribution and remove carbon. The method also includes the steps of spiral concentrating separated coarse particles to recover iron, pyrite and marcasite and screening the fly ash to remove ultra-light carbon and plant debris.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 29, 1997
    Date of Patent: October 6, 1998
    Assignee: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
    Inventors: John G. Groppo, Jr., Thomas L. Robl, Charles J. McCormick
  • Patent number: 5810920
    Abstract: To treat waste containing harmful metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, etc., the waste is mixed with a treating agent containing, as the essential constituent component, solid acid(s) and/or cement and additionally a caking inhibitor, kneaded with water where necessary, then solidified by curing. Harmful metals are thereby stabilized in the thus-solidified cakes and are not released therefrom.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 12, 1997
    Date of Patent: September 22, 1998
    Assignee: Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Kenji Ueshima, Noboru Ikitsu, Takuji Nomura, Takashi Funahashi, Masakazu Uekita
  • Patent number: 5785419
    Abstract: In a first aspect, a lightweight building material for use in above grade construction comprising cement, fly ash, cellulose fiber, and water. In cured form, the material has the appearance and strength of standard concrete, but is lighter in weight and has preferable thermal properties. The material is capable of being sanded, chiseled, drilled, sawed, nailed and bolted in a manner similar to like operations with wood. In a second, separate aspect, the lightweight building material is manufactured into a lightweight aggregate material suitable for use in the construction of pre-cast objects, such as, for example, construction blocks. In a third, separate aspect, a method of manufacturing a lightweight aggregate material includes the steps of providing a lightweight building material in wet pulp form, adding one part of wet pulp to three or more parts of dry aggregate, and mixing the wet pulp and dry aggregate in a mixing screw conveyor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 1995
    Date of Patent: July 28, 1998
    Inventor: Paul A. McKelvey
  • Patent number: 5783506
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic coating composition contains frit, suspending agent, binder, mica and pearlescent pigment and has a viscosity of about 10 to 50 second as measured by a Zahn cup with orifice diameter of 0.108 inch.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 31, 1997
    Date of Patent: July 21, 1998
    Assignee: Engelhard Corporation
    Inventors: Richard A. Eppler, Jack S. Polonka
  • Patent number: 5779789
    Abstract: This invention aims to provide an inorganic porous body which can be ensured with high strength and high porosity and which is applicable to soil conditioners. The inorganic porous body has a pellet-shape, having pores, includes 50% and more silica by weight, and 20% and more alumina by weight. Also, the inorganic porous body has a porosity of 40% and more by volume. The sludge, which discharged from casting foundries as sludge-wastes and which has an ignition loss of 20%, is utilized as a starting material. The starting material is mixed with water to make a mixture, the mixture is formed to become pellets, and the pellets are burned.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 5, 1996
    Date of Patent: July 14, 1998
    Assignee: Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd.
    Inventor: Hayato Kato
  • Patent number: 5772752
    Abstract: The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction and other applications, which hardenable mixtures demonstrate significant levels of acid and sulfate resistance while maintaining acceptable compressive strength properties. The acid and sulfate hardenable mixtures of the invention containing fly ash comprise cementitious materials and a fine aggregate. The cementitous materials may comprise fly ash as well as cement. The fine aggregate may comprise fly ash as well as sand. The total amount of fly ash in the hardenable mixture ranges from about 60% to about 120% of the total amount of cement, by weight, whether the fly ash is included as a cementious material, fine aggregate, or an additive, or any combination of the foregoing. In specific examples, mortar containing 50% fly ash and 50% cement in cementitious materials demonstrated superior properties of corrosion resistance.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 20, 1996
    Date of Patent: June 30, 1998
    Assignee: New Jersey Institute of Technology
    Inventors: John W. Liskowitz, Methi Wecharatana, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Anthony E. Cerkanowicz, deceased
  • Patent number: 5769936
    Abstract: A method for producing fly ash granules, which comprises mixing 100 parts by weight of fly ash, from 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a water-soluble polymer having from 2 to 80 mol %, based on the total repeating units, of repeating units having carboxyl groups, and from 40 to 100 parts by weight of water, for granulation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 29, 1995
    Date of Patent: June 23, 1998
    Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
    Inventor: Kenji Mori
  • Patent number: 5766338
    Abstract: A way of using fly ash and water to make a road base material is disclosed. Class C fly ash, which sets up very quickly, is mixed with a hydrating liquid and compacted prior to initial set. To facilitate mixing, transportation and placement of the wet mixture, a set sequestering additive may be added to the water before mixing the water and the fly ash. Also disclosed is a mixing device designed to be attached to the underside of a tanker trailer of the type used to transport dry fly ash. The mixer introduces water to the inside and outside areas of a falling tubular stream of fly ash.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 26, 1996
    Date of Patent: June 16, 1998
    Assignee: American Fly Ash Company
    Inventor: LaVerne Weber
  • Patent number: 5765489
    Abstract: A process for the treatment of solid residue from a refuse incineration plant, involving:melting the solid residue in a first heating chamber under oxidizing conditions to provide a melt;reducing any heavy metal compounds present in the melt to elemental metal in a second heating chamber; andtransferring the resulting melt to a third heating chamber;wherein any elemental metal is sedimented in each heating chamber and the sedimented elemental metal is continuously returned from two of the heating chambers to the remaining heating chamber, wherein the elemental metal is collected in at least one of the first or second heating chambers and discharged therefrom, and an apparatus for performing the process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 27, 1995
    Date of Patent: June 16, 1998
    Assignees: Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG, Holderbank Financiere Glarus AG
    Inventors: Ernst Hugentobler, Hans Ruegg, Karl-Heinz Pflugl, Norbert Kiethe, Ruedi Frey, Anton Mayer, Theo Rey, Alfred Edlinger
  • Patent number: 5762702
    Abstract: Whole waste tires are shredded and ground down to particulates and used as aggregates for concrete compositions in the construction field.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 5, 1997
    Date of Patent: June 9, 1998
    Inventor: Miriam T. Guy
  • Patent number: 5762701
    Abstract: Storing, transporting and dispensing of silica fume containing pozzolanic compositions can be improved by mixing an amount of water in the range of 2 to 25% with the silica fume containing composition so that a uniform humidified powder is obtained. The treated silica fume containing composition has higher bulk gravity and better flow characteristics.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 10, 1992
    Date of Patent: June 9, 1998
    Assignee: MBT Holding AG
    Inventors: Stefano Biagini, Mario Collepardi
  • Patent number: 5725652
    Abstract: An improved lightweight cementitious product made up of an aqueous cementious mixture using cement and expanded shale, clay and slate mix, that can incorporate fly ash, lime, and the weight saving component, which is micronized polystyrene particles having particle sizes in the range of 50 to 2000 microns, and characterized by having water contents in the range of from about 0.5% to 50% v/v. The ultra low water compositions can be extruded and can be molded under high pressure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 21, 1996
    Date of Patent: March 10, 1998
    Inventor: David M. Shulman
  • Patent number: 5714002
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for making blended hydraulic cement compositions. In one embodiment, the process includes the steps of: providing from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of the total composition of a subbituminous fly ash; separating out about a 10% portion of the fly ash; adding from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of the total composition of a retarding agent, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid, and from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of potassium carbonate to the 10% portion; and blending the remainder of the ash with the 10% portion to create a blended hydraulic cement composition.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1998
    Assignee: Mineral Resource Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Robert William Styron
  • Patent number: 5714003
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to blended hydraulic cement compositions which are formed with subbituminous fly ash. In a first embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt. % of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of potassium carbonate; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid; and from about 85 wt. % to about 99.7 wt. % of the total composition of a subbituminous fly ash. In a second embodiment, the cement composition comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 7 wt % of the total composition of a retarding agent; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % of the total composition of an alkali source selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and blends thereof; from about 0.1 wt. % to about 4 wt. % of the total composition of citric acid; from about 25 wt. % to about 91.7 wt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 1997
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1998
    Assignee: Mineral Resource Technologies, LLC
    Inventor: Robert William Styron
  • Patent number: 5704972
    Abstract: The present invention provides a method and mixture for use in forming strong light-weight aggregate and includes by weight about; 68% to 95% fly-ash, 2% to 10% hydrated lime, and 3% to 12% alkali hydroxide such as Sodium Hydroxide. While many types of fly-ash may be used, Type F or Type C fly-ash are preferred. The admix is mixed with water to form a slurry including water in a range of 10% to 25% by weight of the dry mixture and the slurry is then compacted. The compacted slurry is then cured such as by using a rotary kiln or by in situ open air curing. The cured slurry is then allowed to hydrolyzed to form a hard material which then may be crushed and optionally screened to form an aggregate having a particular size or range of sizes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 23, 1997
    Date of Patent: January 6, 1998
    Assignee: Trans Ash, Inc.
    Inventor: Daniel P. Ivkovich
  • Patent number: 5700107
    Abstract: A method of remediating soil contaminated with inorganic and organic pollutants as disclosed. A method comprises treating the soil with a complexing agent capable of chelating the pollutants and a matrix-generating agent for authigenically generating within the soil an alumino-silicate colloid matrix. The matrix has a plurality of reactive sites, which are capable of physically and chemically altering the pollutants into innocuous forms. The matrix-generating material comprises a mixture of a cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, organophilic clay, and a free radical generator.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 25, 1995
    Date of Patent: December 23, 1997
    Assignee: Habour Remediation and Transfer Inc. (HR&T)
    Inventor: Jeffrey P. Newton