Abstract: A continuous-flow steam generator includes a combustion chamber having a number of burners for a fossil fuel and a gas-tight containment wall formed from at least approximately vertically disposed evaporator tubes through which a flow passes upwards from below on the feed-water side. A method and a system for starting up the continuous-flow steam generator avoid start-up losses by setting a water level in the evaporator tubes and a ratio of the fuel stream to the feedwater stream in such a way that the water evaporates completely during passage through the evaporator tubes, so that water is no longer present at the evaporator outlet. A start-up system having a setting device for setting the water level in the evaporator and for setting the ratio of the fuel stream to the feed-water stream, is used for this purpose.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the injection quantity of pulverized coal by measuring the flow rate of the pulverized coal in a conveying pipe, through which the pulverized coal is injected into tuyeres of a blast furnace, in order to regulate the opening of a valve installed between a feed tank and the conveying pipe based on the measured flow rate, and also by regulating the internal pressure of the feed tank so as to maintain the difference in the internal pressure between the feed tank and the conveying pipe within a predetermined range. The thus configured apparatus provides rapid-response and high-accuracy in control, wide-range controllability, and allows to control the injection quantity of the pulverized coal even when supplying the pulverized coal to the feed tank.

Abstract: An induction furnace (1) for melting and casting purposes has a closed crucible pot (2) with a pot bottom (3) and a cover (4), a crucible (6) housed in the crucible pot and surrounded by an induction coil (7), and an ascending tube (9) reaching into the crucible, through which the crucible can be emptied into a casting apparatus by means of gas pressure. To permit continuous operation and measurements and analyses during operation, the ascending tube (9) is fastened exclusively to the pot bottom (3) and connected with a horizontal delivery tube (11) which is brought through a side wall of the pot bottom (3). Furthermore, above a separation seam (24) between pot bottom (3) and cover (4) a turret (39) with a vertical axis of rotation is disposed, which has a charging air lock (26) for charging the crucible (6) with melt material (27) and a measuring chamber (36). The charging air lock and measuring chamber can be connected alternately with an air lock valve (25) which is disposed on the top of the cover (4).

Abstract: The combustion of fuel having a highly fluctuating thermal value is controlled to permit optimization of air supply and reduction of waste gas impurities. The fuel passes through a combustion chamber having a degassing and evaporation zone, a primary combustion zone, and a secondary combustion zone. Measurements are taken in the evaporation and degassification zone to determine the thermal value of the fuel. This is done by detecting the intensity of H.sub.2 O and/or CO.sub.2 spectra emanating from the fuel. The measurement results are utilized to optimize the combustion parameters. Such measurements are also made in the following zones in order to provide further control of the combustion process.

Abstract: The combustion of fuel having a highly fluctuating thermal value is controlled to permit optimization of air supply and reduction of waste gas impurities. The fuel passes through a combustion chamber having a degassing and evaporation zone, a primary combustion zone, and a secondary combustion zone. Measurements are taken in the evaporation and degassification zone to determine the thermal value of the fuel. This is done by detecting the intensity of H.sub.2 O and/or CO.sub.2 spectra emanating from the fuel. The measurement results are utilized to optimize the combustion parameters. Such measurements are also made in the following zones in order to provide further control of the combustion process.

Abstract: A gravity operated conical hopper having a sliding closure plate which is pneumatically activated as soon as the hopper has been emptied. An apparatus and method is also disclosed for pneumatically detecting and automatically closing the hopper to stop the flow of contained material after material has been discharged to a particular level.

Abstract: Supplying a fuel to a plurality of burners of a heating installation is performed by individually dosing a fuel by dosing elements to a plurality of burners with an excessive available amount of the fuel, withdrawing an unused amount of the fuel from the dosing elements, determining a difference between the available amount and the unused amount of the fuel to obtain an actual consumed amount of the fuel, comparing the thus obtained actual consumed amount of the fuel with the desired consumption amount of the fuel, and controlling the dosing of the fuel to each of the burner in dependence upon the results of the comparing steps.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for use in a fluid bed furnace or the like of the type which includes a bed comprising a quantity of particles, which bed fluidizes in response to the flow of heated gases upwardly therethrough and a burner for burning a supplied fuel and providing the fluid bed with a sufficient gas mixture flow at an elevated temperature for heating and fluidizing the fluid bed.

Abstract: An improved fluid bed furnace which includes a new and improved pilot light assembly and which is of the type having a fluid bed comprising material which fluidizes upon being subjected to a flow of gas mixture therethrough and a burner for burning a fuel mixture for providing the flow of gas mixture at an elevated temperature through the fluid bed material for fluidizing and agitating the fluid bed material. The pilot light assembly includes an ignition means for providing a pilot flame, pilot flame confining means for directing the pilot flame into the furnace fluid bed above the fluidizable material for causing the pilot flame to ignite the burner fuel mixture, and pilot flame detecting means for sensing the presence of the pilot flame and enabling the supply of the fuel mixture to the burner.

Abstract: The arrangement includes a source of finely divided solid combustible material fluidized in an inert gas, and also a source of combustion-supporting gas, such as oxygen, air, or oxygen-enriched air. A gasifier is provided for gasifying finely divided solid combustible material by reacting the same with combustion-supporting gas, and the gasifier has one or more inlets. A first conduit connects the source of combustible material to an inlet of the gasifier. A second conduit connects the source of combustion-supporting gas to an inlet of the gasifier.