Abstract: Quenched slag discharged from a gasification process such as a coal gasification process can be continually dewatered and removed without disrupting operations by alternately discharging the quenched slag from means such as lockhoppers and directing the slag to one of two disengagement zones symmetrically arranged on either side of a clear water pit. The slag settles along a sloping active disengagement zone, allowing water to separate and drain into an adjacent slag pit. The accumulated water is drained into the clear water pit through vertically-spaced drains in the walls separating the slag pits from the clear water pit and pumped away after solids have settled. After an active disengagement zone-slag pit is used for a period of time, perhaps 24 hours, the discharge of slag is redirected to the other such area while dewatered slag is removed from the first slag pit.

Abstract: A process is described for a water efficient, ecologically acceptable collection, delivery and depositing of slag and flyash from thermal power plants fired with pulverized coal. Slag is allowed to fall into a cooling water basin, conveyed to a condenser where it is combined with coarse flyash, te slag-flyash combination is delivered to a mixing space and combined with fine flyash, thereby forming a homogeneous mixture and the mixture is then circulated under specified conditions to achieve comminution to a predetermine value. Comminuted homogeneous mixtures is then measured continuously for properties of viscosity, quantity and pressure parameters. Information on the parameters is fed to a computer for comparison with preset values. The comminuted homogeneous mixture is then deposited in a deposit space. Any cooling water lost in the collecting-delivering and depositing steps is then replaced. A colloidal material may be added to the comminuted homogeneous mixture during the deposition step.

Abstract: Apparatus for reburning ash material of a previously burned primary fuel includes a reburn combustion vessel having an inlet for receiving ash material from a primary combustion unit such as a boiler or furnace and an outlet for discharging the products of combustion from the vessel produced from burning the ash material. The outlet of the ash reburn vessel is connected to the primary combustion unit at an elevated height above the firing level. A floor is provided in the ash reburn vessel for supporting a discrete bubbling bed of burning ash material and the floor includes a plurality of spaced apart openings distributed relatively uniformly over substantially all of the area of the floor. Combustion air is introduced into the reburn vessel at a relatively low velocity to provide a source of underfire combustion air for the bubbling bed.

Abstract: A ram feed waste incinerator apparatus includes a vertical waste storage cylinder positioned above a combustion chamber and contains a movable ram to force the waste to be incinerated downwardly against a transversely extending, rotatably driven bar at the top of the combustion chamber. Combustion temperature control is provided by feeding air into the combustion chamber and by rotating the bar to abrade char from the waste supported by the bar. A bed of ash is maintained within optimum levels for thermal protection of bottom of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a power plant, for example of PFBC type, with a cooler for cooling of ashes originating in a fluidized bed, the cooler comprises a cylinder with a transport screw which transports the ashes through the cylinder. The transport screw has a tubular shaft which is transversed by cooling water. The cylinder may be air or water-cooled. At the bottom of the cylinder one or more fluidization devices are provided, which maintain the ashes in the cylinder in fluidized condition, so as to obtain good contact and effective heat transfer to cooling surfaces of the shaft and the cylinder. The fluidization also reduces the propensity of the ash to form a heat-insulating layer on the inside of the cylinder which reduces the cooling capacity.

Abstract: An apparatus for the combustion and/or decomposition of fuel by heat, especially of solid fuels such as peat, coal, wood, straw or garbage, comprising a fuel supply and air supply to a bar grate which is used as combustion site and cooperates with material loosening means in the form of disks, prongs or the like which extend through the grate interstices and are mounted on a support member which extends transversely to the grate bars, in which the disks are reciprocable relative to the grate bars in the direction towards the same. The material loosening disks are fitted onto support members each in the form of a support rod of substantially rectangular cross-section such that the disks are individually displaceable in the direction of the support rod.

Abstract: A hearth for use in a thermal processor or incinerator includes a substantially planar grate which is inclined upwardly and which is vibrated in such a way that material deposited on the input end of the grate moves upwardly toward the output end thereof. A dam in the form of a raised wall at the beginning of the grate prevents liquids and other materials from spilling off. A plurality of openings passing through the grate allow combustion air to pass therethrough from below. Located beneath the hearth is an ash bin in the form of a plenum which catches and accumulates ashes that fall through the air openings in the grate. Air forced into the plenum is used to clean out the ash by opening an outlet port at the end thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dewatering combined ash or other combustion related products. The apparatus aspects of the invention consist of a quench bath having a curved portion containing a plunger adapted to push combustion materials contained in the quench bath up an inclined trough. A vibrator is mounted below a portion of the inclined trough located above the waterline in the quench bath. As a result, material moved up the inclined portion is subject to vibration and compaction resulting in a substantial dewatering of the combustion material. The method of the present invention provides for the steps of quenching, moving and vibrating combustion by-products to obtain a dewatered material having reduced free water run-off.

Abstract: Waste is combusted by an incinerator and becomes an ash. The ash is transferred to a melting furnace to be melt therein. The ash contains unburned carbon and the melting at the melting furnace is influenced by an amount of the unburned carbon. The amount of unburned carbon largely depends on a gas temperature at an waste inlet of the incinerator and an waste burn-out point in the incinerator. The waste disposal method, using the incinerator and the melting furnace, comprises the steps of detecting the gas temperature at the waste inlet of the incinerator, detecting the burn-out point of waste combustion in the incinerator, controlling a waste transfer speed in the incinerator and controlling a flow rate of air fed into the incinerator such that the detected temperature and burn-out point remain within repsective predetermined ranges, which in turn brings the amount of the unburned carbon remaining in the ash to a desired value, whereby the melting at the melting furnace is controlled to a desired melting.

Abstract: An incinerating-fusing system for city refuse is disclosed. The system includes an incinerating furnace for incinerating city refuse, a fusing furnace for fusing ash from the incinerating furnace at a high-temperature hearth formed of carbon type combustible material, a communicating passage directly communicating an ash chute of the incinerating furnace with the fusing furnace, the communicating passage acting for dropping ash from the incinerating furnace and also for upwardly exhausting exhaust gas from the fusing furnace. The system further includes a dust collector disposed in an exhaust gas passage extending from the incinerating furnace and a dust conveying passage extending from inside of a high-temperature hearth of the fusing furnace so as to introduce dust from the dust collector.

Abstract: Waste materials are efficiently and completely incinerated in a gasification unit with a minimum amount of fly ash while ensuring complete sterilization of residual materials. The gasification unit includes a refractory liner which is stepped to define primary, secondary, and tertiary combustion chambers where waste materials are completely incinerated. A fan is adapted to draw combustion air past the outer surface of the refractory liner to initially heat the combustion air while simultaneously cooling the refractory liner. The fan is further adapted to force combustion air under pressure into a preheating chamber in which the combustion air is preheated before passing into the primary and secondary combustion chambers. Turbulence in the combustion chambers, brought about through equalization of air pressure in the preheating chamber, is effected through the provision of tangential air inlets in the walls of the refractory liner.

Abstract: This invention describes a process and apparatus for the combustion of wastes, wherein the wastes are combusted in a combustion chamber and the temperature of the combustion chamber is controlled by changing the amount of combustion air as a function of the slag flow rate. The combustion can be carried out substoichiometrically in a reducing atmosphere because of additives which are introduced into the slag in the form of fine dusts. On account of the substoichiometric operation, the requirement for fluid wastes and/or supplemental fuel is drastically reduced, the capacity of the rotary tubular kiln is increased and nitrogen oxides formation is reduced.

Abstract: A hearth arrangement for a furnace which melts refuses carried on the hearth arrangement comprises a plurality of hearth blocks arranged like a stair. The heart blocks are inclined stepwise in a refuse carrying direction and each hearth block has a width direction perpendicular to the refuse carrying direction. Each hearth block is divided into two block elements in the width direction of the hearth block and the two block elements are joined to each other by springs which exerts a biasing force on the block elements in the width direction of the hearth block. A clearance is formed between each two adjacent hearth blocks to tolerate heat expansion of the hearth blocks. Each block has a protuberance extending over a next hearth block located in the ash carrying direction such that the ash does not flow into the clearance between the hearth blocks.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a rotary grate for a solid fuel fired furnace which allows ash, cinders and clinkers to be removed from the burning fuel mass, without reducing or stopping the combustion process. A plurality of parallel water cooled rolls supports the burning fuel mass. The rolls are grouped into pairs of rolls, each pair of rolls having a drive roll and a driven roll. Each pair of rolls are geared together such that rotation of the drive roll simultaneously rotates the driven roll. Each roll has a plurality of protrusions about the circumference thereof, spaced down the length of the roll. The protrusions pass, during rotation of the rolls, the protrusions on adjacent rolls in non-contacting relationship to crush any cinders, clinkers or other tramp material. This action allows ash and the crushed material to pass between the rolls to an ash collection area beneath the rolls. Each of the drive rolls are rotated by a reversible drive mechanism which incrementally rotates the rolls.

Abstract: The slag occurring in the waste burning plant (1) is conducted from the slag exit (6) of the oven, directly into a separator (7) for coarse material and iron. There is no chilling in water. After the coarse cleaning, the slag is heated again by means of hot flue gases from the waste burning oven (1) in a preheating device (8), and then, with the feeding of additional heat, melted in a melting oven (10). Flyash is mixed with the stream of slag before the preheating device (8). The harmful substances vaporizing in the preheating and melting are condensed out of the exhaust gases and recovered. Parallel with the preheating device (8) is arranged a pyrolysis oven (9) which is also heated with a partial stream of hot flue gas from the exhaust channel (3). The pyrolysis gas is used as fuel for producing additional heat in the melting oven (10). All the remaining harmful substances not vaporized enter into harmless compounds in the molten slag or are bound, insoluble by water, in the resultant fused slag.

Abstract: An incinerating furnace which utilizes mineral particles as a hearth bed. Hearth particles are supplied and automatically flow down by gravity into the combustion chamber and onto a movable plane member, such as a rotary table, disposed at the bottom of the furnace. A mixture of used hearth particles and the combustion remainder is removed from the outlet of the furnace as the movable plane member moves and introduced into a receiving tank. Supplemental hearth particles are supplied from a hopper into the combustion chamber and form an oblique hearth bed where incineration takes place.

Abstract: A furnace having an ash discharge system which collects and receives siftings falling from portions of the incinerator grate and at the same time provides for controlled emission of air for combustion of the fuel to separate sections of the grate independently. The siftings removal system includes a hopper for receiving siftings that also forms part of an air plenum for directing and controlling the flow of combustion air to the furnace. A rotating conveyor is disposed within the hopper for removing ash from the hopper. An air seal divides the hopper into separate air chambers, each of the chambers being independently supplied with a source of pressurized air. The system also includes a means to separately control the air supply to each chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of residues from the inner wall of a tube carrying hot gases and/or vapors includes a passage extending into a first end of the tube in an axial direction; an axially extending shaft supported within the passage in an axially displaceable manner so that one end of the shaft is within the tube; a discharge opening in the tube through which the residues may be removed; a helically wound metal scraper connected to the one end of the shaft; and a device for driving the shaft such that the scraper is rotated in a manner of a corkscrew into the tube.

Abstract: The lock container is connected to a reactor, which serves to gasify or to combust solid fuels. The lock container serves to remove ash from the reactor. A pressure of at least 2 bars prevails in the reactor. The lock container is pressurized and pressure-relieved in alternation. The pressure relief line communicates with a filter element, which is permeable to gas and substantially impermeable to solids and is disposed within the lock container. When the lock container is filled to the usual level during a pressure relief, at least one half of the filter element is surrounded by ash. The filter element may be tubular.

Abstract: A mechanism for the removal of incombustible residues from an incineration plant includes a slag shaft, a slag tank positioned under a mouth of the slag shaft and filled with water extending up to the mouth of the shaft. The incombustible residues dropping from the incineration plant furnace grate through the slag shaft collect in the slag tank and are discharged therefrom by a pusher plate via an upwardly sloping discharge path. The pusher plate is in operative connection with two thrust piston drives via two thrust rods and two rocking levers. The joint connecting the thrust rod with the rocking lever is arranged in such a way that it is not immersed in the water bath either in the rear position of the pusher plate or in the discharge position of the pusher plate. Through the direct coupling to the joint, the thrust rod and the rocking lever can operate in the same vertical plane, so that no additional moments are exerted on the rocking shaft.

Abstract: A method for treating ash produced by waste coal fluidized bed boilers in which hot ash fines and heated secondary air are introduced into the boiler as the coarse ash is cooled. An ash treatment system for cooperation with a fluidized bed boiler operating on waste fuel having a high ash content receives and classifies hot ash from the boiler, returns ash fines to the boiler, cools coarse ash fines for disposal and burns carbon associated with the ash received from the boiler.

Abstract: Direct coal-fired gas turbine systems and methods for their operation are provided by this invention. The systems include a primary combustion compartment coupled to an impact separator for removing molten slag from hot combustion gases. Quenching means are provided for solidifying the molten slag removed by the impact separator, and processing means are provided forming a slurry from the solidified slag for facilitating removal of the solidified slag from the system. The released hot combustion gases, substantially free of molten slag, are then ducted to a lean combustion compartment and then to an expander section of a gas turbine.

Abstract: An incineration system for processing solid waste refuse. A rigid, upright gas fired furnace reacts waste. The furnace comprises a rigid, generally cubicle outer shell having a rigid firebox disposed substantially concentrically therewithin, and a cooling annulus is defined between the firebox and the shell. The firebox bottom is tapered. Solid waste inputted into the firebox at the top of the furnace falls into the gas fired interior, and wastes are vigorously agitated and split apart by a plurality of rotating spindles. Cooperating, spaced-apart gas manifolds provide a flame front. A vigorously oscillated, shaker grating system disposed beneath the spindles forms a bed upon which flames are directed. During the garbage reduction process the treated residue falls towards down into the tapered bottom of the furnace. Waste hitting the vibrating gratings is separated and agitated for chemical oxidation, and ashes accummulating at the furnace bottom are withdrawn and disposed of as solid waste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of recovering chemicals from spent liquors while at the same time utilizing energy liberated during the process. The spent liquors are gasified and partially disintegrated in a reactor (1), external thermal energy independent of combustion being simultaneously supplied to the reaction zone (2) of the reactor, after which the resultant melt is separated (at 9) at substantially the temperature prevailing at combustion, the gaseous product thereby formed being quenched in a quenching and cooling zone (6), to a temperature below 950.degree. C. A product gas is thus obtained which contains substantially no sulphur impurities, an alkali product with high sulphide content and an alkali product substantially free from sulphide and having low Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 content.

Abstract: A rotary combustor which includes a combustion barrel and a windbox disposed underneath the barrel. A scraper is mounted inside the windbox on a sloping bottom surface thereof which is movable along the surface to remove material therefrom.

Abstract: A stoker comprising a housing defining first, second and third plenum chambers, a grate unit disposed at an upper end of each plenum chamber, a first residue removal means disposed at a lower end of the first plenum chamber, a second residue removal means disposed at a lower end of the second plenum chamber for receiving residue from the first residue removal means and a third residue removal means disposed at a lower end of the third plenum chamber for receiving residue from the second residue removal means.

Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for accumulating and conveying hot ash produced by an incinerator are provided. The method is comprised of the steps of continuously conducting hot ash from the incinerator to a closed oscillating housing which includes first and second compartments. The compartments are connected by an internal door for sealingly isolating the first compartment from the second compartment, and the second compartment has an ash discharge door connected thereto for sealingly isolating both the first and second compartments when the internal door therebetween is open. The oscillating housing is continuously operated in cycles whereby the ash conducted to the first compartment is accumulated therein and conveyed over the floor thereof to the second compartment, and the ash received in the second compartment is conveyed over the floor thereof and discharged therefrom without air infiltration from the housing to the incinerator taking place.

Abstract: Provided is a process to continuously dry remove ash from the bottom of steam boilers by discharging the ash on a high temperature resistant conveyer which is enclosed in a tight sealed envelope. Also is provided an apparatus for accomplishing this which has a steel conveyer belt constructed to withstand high temperatures and enclosed in a sealed steel box connected to the bottom of the boiler so that the conveyer continuously receives and discharges ash from the boiler.

Abstract: A continuous flow ash lockhopper includes an ash hopper at the outlet of a high temperature, high pressure reactor vessel containing heated high pressure gas, a fluidics control chamber having an input port connected to the ash hopper's output port and an output port connected to the input port of a pressure letdown means, and a control chamber connected to a variable pressure control fluid (gas or steam) supply for regulating the pressure in the control chamber to be equal to or greater than the internal gas pressure of the reactor vessel, whereby the reactor gas is contained while ash is permitted to continuously flow from the ash hopper's output port, impelled by gravity. The fluidics control chamber may be provided with a variable port to inject control fluid at a desired velocity.

Abstract: A waste disposal system for the combustion of waste materials which includes a combustor having an inlet end and an outlet end with a furnace enclosing the outlet end. A step extends out from the back wall of the furnace which is spaced from and below the combustor outlet end. The step is hollow on the inside to form a plenum chamber to receive air and has an upper surface which defines a plurality of openings into the furnace whereby air injected through the openings deflects airborne ash and combustible solids from the outlet end of the combustor up into the furnace.

Abstract: A method of treating ash and dust from incineration plants. The ash and dush are coprocessed by mixing one or more hazardous wastes and/or metallic scraps therewith. The mixture is supplied to a smelting furnace together with a reducing agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for separating metals and ashes from the residue remaining after incineration by positioning a magnetic drum between six (6) and twelve (12) inches from the conveyor transporting said residue to result in the maximum amount of reclaimed metal.

Abstract: Fireplace vacuum system, particularly a system for removal of ashes from the fireplace hearth to a remote location. The system includes an ash collection box mounted within the fireplace hearth, a wheeled vacuum unit mounted apart from the fireplace and a flexible suction pipe or tube interconnecting the ash collection box and the vacuum unit. The unit is characterized by its simplicity, ease of installation and effectiveness in safely removing fireplace ash.

Abstract: An incineration system utilizes a circular cross-section pyrolysis chamber in which waste materials are gasified. A flat cast iron hearth serves as the floor of the pyrolysis chamber and has a number of small holes which are raised above the general hearth level by a number of nipples. The bolted front head of the chamber has a vertically movable front door. When raised, the hinged door assembly may be opened by unscrewing a pair of locking mechanisms which seal the door to a vertically movable frame. Ash removal may be accomplished by partially raising the entire structure, rather than opening the door. The ash ram is rectangular, covers a substantial area of the chamber floor when extended, and utilizes a unique cable and cylinder ram moving system. An air plenum above the chamber also acts as a platform, allowing inspection and maintenance to take place on top of the chamber.

Abstract: The invention is a dry ash handling system that allows ash to fall into a refractory lined ash car riding on rails in a sealed tunnel. The ash falls through a chute coupled to a negative pressure rotary combustor. Any unburned waste is allowed to continue burning in a burn-out chamber while, after removal from the chute because air is allowed to be pulled through the ash from the bottom by the negative pressure. When burn-out is complete, the ash is sprayed to quench any remaining smoldering embers. After removal from the tunnel, the car is sealed with a lid and allowed to cool further. During this period, samples can be removed from the car through sample ports. The car is transported to a landfill by a tilt bed truck and a hinged door on the car allows the ash to be dumped.

Abstract: A system for discharging and cooling hot ash from a coal combustion unit, such as a coal combustor or an associated filter, where the hot ash at a temperature in excess of 700.degree. C. and at superatmospheric pressure is charged to a jacketed, cooled screw conveyor and passed therethrough in contact with a countercurrent flow of a purge gas. The ash is cooled in the screw conveyor to a temperature of below 320.degree. C. and dischaged to a collection hopper, under pressure, while the purge gas and gases evolved from the hot ash are returned to the combustion unit.

Abstract: An improved solids incineration process and system are provided of the type wherein the solids are combusted and the resulting combustion gases are separated from combustion ash, the ash is quenched and neutralized with a quench liquid, heat is removed from the combustion gases and the combustion gases contacted with a scrubber liquid in a wet scrubber to remove fly ash therefrom. By the present invention, the spent scrubber liquid from the wet scrubber is utilized as at least a portion of the ash quench liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for driving a thrust grate cooler, in which the division of force is provided on the low-moment side between and electric motor and a reduction gear system. Such a construction is distinguished by substantially reduced expenditure on construction and manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention is a dry ash handling system which creates a vertical ash pile in an ash hopper that allows continued combustion of unburned embers. The ash height allows embers to be completely burned before leaving the bottom of the hopper. The hopper includes an air layer injection system which forces air up through the hot ash from below the top of the ash pile, increasing burn-out efficiency. The air rising through the hot ash returns residual heat to the combustion process increasing combustion efficiency, while cooling the ash to a safe handling temperature. The air capturing the residual heat is replaced with cool fresh air, enhancing cooling and preventing dust from escaping. The sides of the hopper are sloped causing the ash to be mixed as it travels to the bottom, preventing air channels from forming.

Abstract: A furnace has a solid fuel hopper above a combustion chamber, an ash outlet below said combustion chamber, a combustion gas outlet at or below the level of the combustion chamber, and an auger in an ash chamber below the ash opening to regulate the size of an ash pile below the combustion chamber and hence control the escape of ash or fuel or non-combustibles through the ash opening. This enables the combustion gas outlet to be covered by hot coals within the combustion chamber so that any combustion gas from the combustion chamber or any pre-combustion zone must pass through a filter of hot coals before reaching the combustion gas outlet.

Abstract: A conveyor used in combination with an incinerator that burns refuse into residue including hard objects has a trough having a lower upstream portion underneath the incinerator and positioned to receive the residue therefrom and an upper downstream portion spaced therefrom in a longitudinal transport direction. A body of quenching liquid fills at least the downstream portion of the trough to a liquid level. Respective upstream and downstream wheels at the upstream and downstream ends of the trough rotatable about generally parallel and horizontal axes transverse of the trough and direction support a chain formed of a succession of linked-together plates and having catenary-like upper and lower sketches both of which are in the upstream portion below the liquid level. Thus residue issuing from the incinerator falls into the liquid, is quenched, and lands on the upper chain stretch.

Abstract: A gasifier (10) for particulate combustible material in effect separates the pyrolysis and the oxidation of the flowable fuel material with a traveling grate (40) for advancing a bed of the material from a material feed station (40A) to a material discharge station (40B). A material feed mechanism (60) has fuel and ember chutes (62, 64) for depositing hot embers below combustible material. Discharge transport apparatus 70 separates ash from combustible residue, i.e., embers. A recirculation transport (80) delivers combustible residue to the ember chute (64) where it is reintroduced to the traveling grate (40) for a further transit through the gasifier (10).

Abstract: The invention is a system for detecting the level of slag in a solid fuels gasification reactor. In this invention a pokerod is extended into the quench chamber of the reactor, and pulled back to a retract position, in a timed sequence. The timed sequence is initiated by an electronic controller unit, in combination with an air pressure regulator, a solenoid valve, a double chamber air cylinder, and two sensor switches. The end of the pokerod that moves into the quench chamber is designed to contact the solid slag without penetrating the material itself. If the pokerod makes contact with the slag material, the controller sets off an alarm to warn the operator of slag build up in the reactor.

Abstract: An ash removal apparatus for an incinerator. The combustion chamber of the incinerator is provided with a longitudinally extending bottom trough and a pair of endless chains are mounted to travel in longitudinal grooves in the sides of the trough. A plurality of cleats connect the chains and the cleats extend only along a portion of the length of the chains so that during the combustion process, the cleats are not located in the combustion chamber where they would be exposed to the intense heat of combustion to remove ash, the chains are operated to move the cleats along the trough to convey ash out of the combustion chamber to a discharge site.

Abstract: A portable ash auger including a heat and fire resistant housing with an attached handle and with a fireproof tube that opens into and projects from the housing while surrounding an auger having a tip end extending beyond the tube and drive means for the auger.

Abstract: An incinerator comprises a combustion chamber 1 having a hearth comprising a grid 2, a vibrator 17 for vibrating the grid, and ash removal means 9, 18 for collecting ash that falls through the grid. The grid normally consists of a series of parallel bars and, when the hearth is elongated, these bars normally extend along the length of the hearth. The ash removal means comprises an inclined trough 9 and a hopper 18. Ash may be removed as a slurry. The incinerator comprises a sub-stoichiometric chamber to which is supplied insufficient oxygen for complete combustion Vibration of the grid allows ash to fall through the hearth and to be collected in the trough without ash causing abrasion to the incinerator components to improve the rate of burning. A preferred sub-stoichiometric chamber is separated from an ignition zone for a secondary chamber by a partition that defines a jacket around the zone, whereby improved heat exchange and compactness is achieved.

Abstract: A processor for processing the residue which is discharged from an incinerator comprises a receiver for receiving the residue and a discharge enclosure through which the residue is discharged from the receiver. The receiver has a secondary combustion chamber formed therein and an input passage opens into the secondary combustion chamber. A transfer passage communicates between the secondary combustion chamber and the discharge enclosure. A flow control device is located in the transfer passage and is operable to open or close the transfer passage to permit or prevent the flow of ash from the secondary combustion chamber to the discharge enclosure. An air blower is provided for the purposes of supplying combustion air to the secondary combustion chamber to encourage further combustion of the combustibles present in the residue. A conveyor is provided in the discharge enclosure for conveying the ash through the discharge enclosure.

Abstract: Method and system for recovering useful constituents from the bottom ash residue resulting from burning process refuse fuel as well as non-hazardous disposal of fly ash generated during the burning.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for control and maintenance of fluidized beds under non-steady state conditions. An ash removal conduit is provided for removing solid particulates from a fluidized bed separate from an ash discharge conduit in the lower portion of the grate supporting such a bed. The apparatus and process of this invention is particularly suitable for use in ash agglomerating fluidized beds and provides control of the fluidized bed before ash agglomeration is initiated and during upset conditions resulting in stable, sinter-free fluidized bed maintenance.

Abstract: A vessel having a floor which includes a tap outlet through which liquid contents in the vessel can be drained. The tap outlet features a shallow aperture circumscribed by first and second drip lines. The second drip line circumscribes the first drip line and is substantially coplanar with the first drip line. The two drip lines are connected one to the other by an annular hollow surface.