Abstract: After the fly ash is removed from the flue gases by a separator, it is introduced into a combustion chamber which may be either the primary combustion chamber of the furnace or a separate chamber in a secondary combustion chamber. There, it is burned until only the liquid slag remains and then removed, along with the other liquid slag formed in the furnace by the primary combustion process. Various methods and apparatus are described for carrying out the introduction of the fly ash into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A process and system to dry wet sewage sludge with hot sand and to burn the dried sludge. The sand is heated in a sand heater by burning dried sludge, and the hot sand is transferred to a sludge dryer. Wet sludge is mixed with the hot sand in the sludge dryer and thereby moisture is driven off. The dried sludge and sand are separated, and the sand returned to a sand heater while the dried sludge is burned to heat the sand.

Abstract: A method of continuously feeding solid particles into a pressurized container which comprises the steps of confining a body of liquid having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the particles in proximity to the pressurized container, maintaining communication of the pressure conditions within the pressurized container with a free surface of the confined body of liquid so as to maintain the body of liquid under pressure, continuously introducing a supply of solid particles entrained in liquid under pressure into the body of liquid under pressure, causing the entrained particles introduced into the body of liquid to continuously move toward the bottom portion thereof, mechanically continuously moving the particles in the bottom portion of the body of liquid upwardly along a confined path which extends from a position adjacent the bottom portion of the body of liquid upwardly above the level of the aforesaid free surface thereof to a feed position in pressure communication with the interior of t

Abstract: A furnace chamber of substantially circular cross section having a ceiling and a side wall, a burner positioned adjacent said ceiling and substantially evenly spaced from said side wall, a plurality of ultrasonic atomizer assemblies positioned around said burner in a concentric pattern adjacent said ceiling, each of said ultrasonic atomizer assemblies including: (a) means for converting a feed stream of the waste sulfuric acid into a coarse spray, and (b) means for further atomizing the coarse spray by passing it through a field of ultrasonic sound, and a gas flow constricting means transversing said chamber and spaced from said ceiling in a distance of about 1 to 4 times the length of the diameter of said chamber.

Abstract: Liquid effluents are continously discharged into a reaction chamber and vaporized by a flame formed by a jet of gaseous oxidizer which is impelled in rotational motion and into which is introduced a fluid fuel. The ignited oxidizer-fuel mixture is directed into the chamber inlet in a jet which is spatially distinct from the discharge of liquid effluents. The combustible substances contained in the simultaneously atomized liquid effluents are evaporated and burned by the jet of oxidizer-fuel mixture.

Abstract: Contaminated aqueous alkali wash liquor from the treatment of gases containing hydrogen sulphide and/or hydrogen cyanide is reconstituted by treatment at an elevated temperature in a reducing atmosphere followed by quenching to form reconstituted wash liquor. The contaminated liquor is concentrated, before entering the reducing atmosphere, by direct contact with hot gases derived from the hot reducing atmosphere. Quenching and concentration are carried out by interaction of a gaseous medium with a liquid spray. Generation of the hot reducing atmosphere, reaction of the contaminated liquor with the hot reducing atmosphere, and concentration of the contaminated liquor may be carried out in a single chamber.