Abstract: A pyrolyzer and method is provided for devolatizing coal and other volatile materials. The pyrolyzer has a pyrolyzer furnace housing having at least two screws laterally positioned adjacent and overlapping rotatably mounted within the furnace for moving volatile material through the pyrolyzer furnace housing. The screws have hollow drive shafts with a diverter inside for converging heated fluid to heat the volatile material moving through the pyrolyzer furnace housing. A combustion chamber combusts fuel to create heated exhaust gas for directing through the hollow drive shafts to heat the volatile material. The pyrolyzer furnace housing may have a double wall with a cavity between, capable of receiving heated fluid for further heating of volatile material moving through the pyrolyzer furnace housing.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner and its combustion method suited for encouraging fuel ignition and avoiding slugging caused by combustion ash, wherein a gas of low oxygen concentration (exhaust combustion gas) is used as a carrier gas of such a low grade solid fuel as brown coal. Means for Solving the Subject An additional air nozzle 12 for jetting additional air having a velocity component in the circumferential direction of a fuel nozzle 11 is provided in the fuel nozzle 11, thereby encouraging mixing between the fuel and air in the fuel nozzle 11. Further, the amount of air supplied from the additional air nozzle 12 is adjusted in response to the difference in combustion loads. Under light load, the amount of air supplied from the additional air nozzle 12 is increased so as to increase the oxygen concentration of the circulating flow 19 formed downstream of the outside of the outlet of the fuel nozzle 11, whereby stable combustion is ensured.

Abstract: A method for operating a cyclone combustor having first and second burners in communication with a barrel includes: feeding a stream of a primary fuel and a primary oxidant having a first oxygen concentration into the first burner; feeding a stream of a secondary fuel and a secondary oxidant having a second oxygen concentration greater than or equal to the first oxygen concentration into the second burner; combusting at least a portion of the primary fuel with at least a portion of the primary oxidant in the barrel of the cyclone combustor, thereby forming a plurality of primary products of combustion in the barrel; and combusting at least a portion of the secondary fuel with at least a portion of the secondary oxidant, thereby forming a plurality of secondary products of combustion and a secondary flame, the secondary flame generating a supplemental radiant heat in the barrel.

Abstract: A method for combusting a fuel in a cyclone combustor having a burner and a barrel includes: feeding a stream of the fuel into the barrel at the burner end of the barrel; feeding a stream(s) of a first oxidant (e.g., air) having a first oxygen concentration into the barrel at a first flowrate, the stream(s) of the first oxidant including a predominant stream; feeding a stream(s) of a second oxidant (e.g., oxygen) having a second oxygen concentration into the barrel at a second flowrate and in a selective manner, whereby a portion of the first oxidant combines with a portion of the second oxidant, thereby forming a combined oxidant having a combined oxygen concentration, and a portion of the first oxidant from the predominant stream continues having the first oxygen concentration; and combusting a portion of the fuel with a portion of the combined oxidant in the barrel.

Abstract: A biomass fuel combustor for use in the pressurized combustion comprising of biomass fule particles to produce a pressurized exhaust gas, the combustor comprising: a cyclonic combustion chamber having a combustion region and first and second fuel inlets, the first inlet being for the entry into the chamber of gas and/or liquid secondary fuel for combustion in said combustion region and the second inlet being for the entry into the chamber of biomass fuel particles also for combustion in said combustion region, the chamber being so constructed and arranged that the heat generated by the secondary fuel combustion will, in use and at least during stan-up of the combustor, promote fragmentation of the incoming biomass fuel particles.

Abstract: A cooling grate for a bulk-material cooler, in particular for combustion material (8) such as cement clinker, of which the top side forms a carrying surface which supports the combustion material (8) which is to be cooled, the cooling grate (1) being made up of a plurality of fixed shaped profiles (4) which partially engage one over the other and between which gas-throughflow channels (5) are formed, it being the case that the shaped profiles (4) are of the same shape and have a central part (41) and outer parts (42, 43) which are angled in opposite directions to the central part (41), the shaped profiles (4) being arranged such that in each case one of the gas-throughflow channels (5) is formed between in each case one of the outer parts (42′, 43) of two directly adjacent shaped profiles (4, 4′). There is preferably provided a support (3) which has position-defining mounts (36) for the shaped profiles (4).

Abstract: A straight path carbon powder combustion machine uses carbon powders as fuel of the combustion machine. The carbon powders enter into the interior of an igniter from carbon powders inlets. Then the carbon powders further enter into a forced firing internal combustion chamber. The gas in the gas tube of the igniter is fired by an electric shock rod. Part of air input from the whirlwind combustion air inlet to mix in the forced firing internal combustion chamber. When the gas in the igniter is fired by the electric shock rod, the fire jets out from the gas combustion air inlet tube so as to fire the carbon powders. The carbon powders are intercepted by the tinder intercepter to adhere thereon. The carbon powders contact and are fired by the tinder on the tinder intercepter to form a large flame which is sprayed out from the plurality of flame outlets.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to high temperature burners such as a solid fuel burner of the type commonly referred to as a gasifier or gasifier combustor. The invention includes a refractory wall structure having an array of tubular members. Refractory material is arranged about the tubular members so that the tubular members protrude from a wall defined by the refractory material by a distance smaller than the diameter of the tubular members.

Abstract: According to a burner of the present invention, a stable combustion is obtained in a wide range from a high-load operation condition to a low-load operation condition even in the case of low quality solid fuel such as brown coal. The amount of air supplied from additional air holes or additional air nozzles 12 can be adjusted depending on the combustion load of furnace 41. At a low load, the amount of air supplied from additional air holes or additional air nozzles 12 is increased, whereby the oxygen concentration in a recirculation zones 19 formed downstream of the outside of a fuel nozzle 11 exit, permits a stable combustion. At a high load, the amount of air supplied from additional air holes or additional air nozzles 12 is reduced, whereby a flame is formed in a position far from the fuel nozzle 11. This suppresses thermal radiation onto a solid fuel burner 42 structure and a furnace 41 wall.

Abstract: A system for removing gas from a stream of a mixture of gas and particulate solids. The system includes a separation vessel having an upstream end portion and a downstream cowl portion, the upstream end portion having an inlet for introducing the stream tangentially into the vessel to separate centrifugally from the stream (i) a rich portion, comprising a solids-rich mixture, proceeding along a helical path at an outer annular portion of the separation vessel to the cowl portion, and (ii) a lean portion, comprising a solids-lean mixture, proceeding along a helical path at an inner portion of the separation vessel to the cowl section, multiple helical ports through which the rich portion proceeds axially through the cowl section, without significantly losing its momentum, to be discharged axially from the separation vessel, and multiple passages between the helical ports through which the lean portion proceeds radially outwards to be discharged from the separation vessel.

Abstract: A mixture of pulverized coal and primary air travels axially through a tubular nozzle body having an outlet end in and surrounded by axially flowing concentric streams of secondary and often tertiary air. In the nozzle body, the coal/air mixture flows through a venturi that concentrates the coal in a fuel rich central zone. The coal/air mixture then flows through a spreader that imparts a swirling motion to the mixture and divides the mixture into multiple discrete lobes or streams. At the outlet end of the nozzle body, a flame stabilizer ring produces a separation zone between the coal/air mixture exiting the nozzle body and the surrounding flow of secondary air. The flame stabilizer ring includes an outwardly flared skirt section that spreads the secondary air flow and inwardly directed teeth that extend into the streams of coal/air mixture flowing from the nozzle body outlet.

Abstract: Apparatus for the combustion of vanadium-containing fuels that makes use of the extremely high reactivity of the vanadium-containing fuels for combustion in a dust furnace. To avoid disadvantageous slag caking in a combustion area and in particular in the vicinity of the feed nozzles, e.g. for the pulverized fuel-air mixture and for combustion air, in a dust furnace, a top burner is placed in a roof of a combustion area and at least one dust nozzle is so positioned for the supply of the pulverized fuel-air mixture that a return flow of liquid slag particles to the top burner is prevented.

Abstract: A process for the incineration of particulate solids, especially biological waste matter with low caloric value, feeds the solids into a combustion chamber of a furnace together with a sub-stoichiometric amount of fresh air to control the rate of combustion and to inhibit the formation of sintered ash. The furnace for implementing the process can be a cyclone furnace having a primary combustion chamber with a first feed inlet for the solids and air and a second air inlet positioned between the first inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. A supply tube extends through the exhaust gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber to supply a source of fresh air at ambient temperature to maintain the primary combustion chamber at a desired temperature. The fresh air maintains the furnace temperature at least at about 850° C. and generally at about 850° C. to less than about 1100° C.

Abstract: Various burner configurations for combustion of a particulate fuel such as sawdust, and many types of varying moisture content biomass fuels such as poultry litter. The burners exhibit a high turndown ratio. the burners include a housing defining an upright combustion chamber lined with refractory material and generally circular cross section, a main combustion region within an upper extent the combustion chamber, an initial combustion zone at a lower end of the combustion chamber of reduced-size cross-section compared to the combustion chamber and a transition region increasing in cross-section from the initial combustion zone to the main combustion region. A principal fuel (e.g., sawdust) is supplied with combustion air to the initial combustion region, and an auxiliary ignition fuel supplies heat to the initial combustion region for igniting the principal fuel.

Abstract: A rotatable fluidised bed incinerator comprises a rotatable combustion chamber, a means for rotating the combustion chamber, a means for introducing combustible material into the combustion chamber, and a means for introducing a gas into the combustion chamber to create a fluidised bed within the chamber. A flow area of the combustion chamber remains substantially constant or increases with decreasing chamber radius.

Abstract: A method and reactor for processing fuels with a wide particle size distribution, particularly for flame combustion. The fuel is blown tangentially with the aid of an airflow into a swirl chamber containing a burning mass, thus creating a vortex, from the center of which a flow of material is led out of the swirl chamber. The vortex created by the feed of the fuel-air mixture and the diameter of the outlet flow are arranged to create a selective delay for coarse particles, so that the size of the particles is reduced, through mechanical treatment caused by evaporation, pyrolysis, and collision, to become smaller than the desired limit value, before they escape from the swirl chamber. The temperature of the cylindrical jacket of the swirl chamber is held below the melting point of the ash.

Abstract: The firing performance of a radial, scroll, or vortex cyclone furnace can be improved when firing difficult to burn materials having a relatively low heating value or a relatively high moisture content, such as sub-bituminous and lignite coals. This can be achieved by introducing additionally heated primary air into the burner of the radial and vortex cyclone furnace or separately introducing preheated or additionally heated auxiliary air into the scroll burner. Moreover, additionally heated tertiary air can be introduced into the radial and scroll burners to further improve firing performance. Moreover, additionally heated primary air can be mixed with the coal before introducing the mixture into the scroll burner to further improve firing performance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing solid, liquid or gaseous fuel into a burning zone of a rotary kiln for manufacturing cement clinker. Fuel is conducted through a duct or ducts and primary air is conducted through at least two annular ducts arranged substantially concentrically with, and around, the fuel duct(s), the portion of air in one of the air ducts flowing substantially axially, whereas the portion of air in the second of the air ducts comprises air which has a rotary component about the center axis of the burner, and wherein the amount of primary air in the two portions is independently controlled, such that the two portions of primary air are mixed at a lower velocity in a collecting duct into a single primary mixed airstream having a desired axial/rotary flow characteristic, and wherein this airstream is subsequently accelerated up to a desired, higher discharge velocity.

Abstract: A cyclone furnace includes a cylindrical shaped furnace chamber having an inlet end for the introduction of fuel-air and an outlet end defining a re-entrant throat member. A monolithic deflector cone and orifice member comprised of a castable ceramic refractory material is secured to the re-entrant throat member.

Abstract: A method and system for the use of waste coal fines to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from a coal-fired cyclone boiler. A coal water slurry including waste coal fines is injected as a co-firing fuel into a cyclone barrel of the cyclone boiler to partially oxidize the coal water slurry in a central portion of the cyclone barrel where injected. This produces a reducing zone having reducing gas species that convert nitrogen oxides to diatomic nitrogen. The coal water slurry can alternatively be injected into the cyclone barrel from a secondary combustion air conduit. The evaporation of the water from the coal water slurry reduces the overall combustion temperature in the cyclone barrel, further reducing the production of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: An air nozzle for introducing secondary air into a furnace and including a housing provided with an inlet at one end thereof for receiving air and an outlet at the other end thereof for discharging the air. A damper is disposed in the housing in the path of the air for splitting the flow of the air into two flow streams which extend to different areas of the furnace and is adapted for pivotal movement in the housing to vary the amount of air flow in each of the streams and the discharge angle of one of the streams.

Abstract: Method for the combustion of vanadium-containing fuels that makes use of the extremely high reactivity of the vanadium-containing fuels for combustion in a dust furnace. To avoid disadvantageous slag caking in a combustion area and in particular in the vicinity of the feed nozzles, e.g. for the pulverized fuel-air mixture and for combustion air, in a dust furnace, a top burner is placed in a roof of a combustion area and at least open dust nozzel is so positioned for the supply of the pulverized fuel-air mixture that a return flow of liquid slag particles to the top burner is prevented.

Abstract: A furnace of a pulverized coal firing boiler includes a coutant bottom and walls intersecting with the coutant bottom and extending generally vertically therefrom to enclose and define an interior combustion chamber. A first windbox disposed in a corner of the combustion chamber includes therein a vertical array of consecutively spaced coal compartments. A coal nozzle of the lowermost coal compartment of the vertical array is disposed at least ten feet from the intersection of the walls with the coutant bottom. A second coal nozzle is disposed within a second adjacent coal compartment at a first vertical spacing to the first coal nozzle; a third coal nozzle is disposed within a third adjacent coal compartment at a second vertical spacing to the second coal nozzle; and a fourth coal nozzle is disposed within a fourth adjacent coal compartment at a third vertical spacing to the second coal nozzle.

Abstract: A combustion method in which a coal/primary air mixture is discharged from burners located in the corners of the furnace towards an imaginary circle disposed in the center of the furnace. Air is discharged from air nozzles also located in the corners of the furnace in two flow streams--one directed towards the center of the furnace in a combustion-supporting relation to the fuel, and the other along the inner surfaces of the furnace boundary walls to maintain an oxidizing atmosphere and minimize corrosion and slagging.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner includes a pulverized coal nozzle for jetting a mixture of pulverized coal and primary air, a secondary air nozzle and a tertiary air nozzle, concentrically arranged around the outer periphery of the pulverized coal nozzle, and a tube expanded portion at the end of a partition wall separating two adjacent air nozzles. A flow shift means such as a guide plate for shifting the secondary air in the secondary air nozzle so as to flow along the tube expanded portion is provided. The secondary air is jetted outwardly by the guide plate, and mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air with pulverized coals is delayed, whereby an amount of NOx is decreased.

Abstract: In a method for operating a corner burner of a tangential burner system, at least a first air stream of coal dust and primary air is tangentially introduced to a imaginary horizontal circle in the combustion chamber of the tangential burner system via a nozzle of the corner burner. An additional air stream is introduced into the combustion chamber in a direction toward a chamber wall of the combustion chamber at an adjustable offset angle relative to the first air stream. The offset angle can be adjusted by providing the additional air stream as mixed air stream of at least two partial air streams of different adjustable flow velocity. A first partial air stream within the nozzle flows straight into the outlet opening of the nozzle, and the second partial air stream flows angularly into the first partial air stream upstream of the outlet opening. The nozzle has a mixing chamber arranged upstream of the outlet opening.

Abstract: A combustion chamber is provided that has a vertically oriented body with an inner surface defining an inner combustion area. A burner is disposed adjacent one end of the body so that the flame of the burner when lit will extend into the combustion area. A first annular insert is disposed in the combustion area and generally surrounds the flame of the burner. The annular insert defines a first secondary gas introduction zone for introducing secondary gases into the combustion area so that the secondary gases can be oxidized by the burner flame. The insert has an inner surface presenting at least one opening for allowing fluid communication between the introduction zone and the combustion area. A second annular insert is disposed in the combustion area below the first insert. The second insert defines a secondary gas extraction zone and a second secondary gas introduction zone located below the extraction zone. The gas extraction zone and second secondary gas introduction zone are separated by a divider plate.

Abstract: An integrally cast, non-welded coal spreader for a furnace or boiler burner has integrally cast swirl vanes. A shaft of the spreader extends into the hollow interior of a cap of the spreader and the vanes extend outwardly of the cap and are cast as one piece with the cap.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of a pulverized coal mixture having two kinds of rich and lean concentration has a height of a burner panel reduced and the overall burner simplified. A rich/lean separator (10, 20, 30) is provided within a pulverized coal conduit (2) so that a high concentration mixture is formed in an outer peripheral portion and a low concentration mixture is formed in a central portion within a single pulverized coal conduit. Thus, a rich mixture burner and a lean mixture burner, which have been conventionally provided separately, may be formed into a single burner. Recirculation of air is accelerated by a cutaway slit (20d, 30d) provided in a central portion of the rich/lean separator to make the air flow rate distribution uniform in a pulverized coal nozzle. Also, a duct and an air blow box for the combustion air to be supplied to the pulverized coal flame are not integrally formed continuous in the height direction, but are divided into a plurality of discontinuous units.

Abstract: An improved Cyclone furnace particularly suitable for retrofit applications to an existing boiler incorporates a Cyclone furnace and an integrated de-slagging chamber as a single manufactured piece. The Cyclone furnace and the de-slagging chamber are provided with a water cooling circuit which is separate from a water cooling circuit of the existing boiler to which it may be coupled, permitting the improved Cyclone furnace to be easily retrofitted to existing boilers or furnaces, even those not originally designed for Cyclone firing.

Abstract: The operational life of a synthesis gas generation reactor burner nozzle is improved, at least about 14%, by a faired lip around the nozzle discharge orifice projecting about 0.95 cm from the nozzle end face. The lip is faired with a 45.degree. conical angle from the nozzle face. A smooth transition of recirculated gas flow across the nozzle face into the reactive material discharge column is believed to promote an attached static or laminar flowing boundary layer of cooled gas that insulates the nozzle face, to a degree, from the emissive heat of the combustion reaction.

Abstract: A steam generating system includes a nozzle for pulverized coal and air which includes an elongated generally cylindrical body having a nozzle at one axial portion thereof. The apparatus also includes a nozzle tip that is generally sleeve shaped and dimensioned to overlap an axial extremity of the body. The tip is mounted for pivotal movement about the extremity of the body and the nozzle tip includes first and second surfaces dimensioned and configured for receiving therebetween all flow from the body. The apparatus also includes a seat plate that is also generally sleeve shaped and dimensioned and configured to provide sealing between the extremity and the nozzle tip. The seal plate is mounted for pivotal movement about the extremity of the body and is dimensioned and configured to have third and fourth surfaces disposed respectively in closely spaced relationship to the first and second surfaces throughout all possible pivotal positions of the seal plate and the nozzle tip.

Abstract: A method and system for the use of waste coal fines to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from a coal-fired cyclone boiler. A coal water slurry including waste coal fines is injected as a co-firing fuel into a cyclone barrel of the cyclone boiler to partially oxidize the coal water slurry in a central portion of the cyclone barrel where injected. This produces a reducing zone having reducing gas species that convert nitrogen oxides to diatomic nitrogen. The coal water slurry can alternatively be injected into the cyclone barrel from a secondary combustion air conduit. The evaporation of the water from the coal water slurry reduces the overall combustion temperature in the cyclone barrel, further reducing the production of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of coal dust in which a stream of primary air and coal dust mixture is conducted through a dust conduit connected to a primary dust tube. A secondary air tube surrounds the primary dust tube, and a tertiary air tube surrounds the secondary air tube. The secondary and tertiary air tubes are connected to a helically-shaped input housing, and a conically flared section extends from each of the secondary and tertiary air tubes. An angular momentum is applied in the dust conduit divides the primary air and coal dust mixture into high-dust and low-dust partial streams, so that the high-dust partial stream flows through the primary dust tube, and the low-dust partial stream flows through the primary gas tube.

Abstract: A coal combustor for combustion of coal in fossil burning plants, comprising a refractory including a reactor chamber, combustion chamber, and discharge chamber serially connected along a central longitudinal axis. The chambers define, respectively a reactor zone, combustion zone, and discharge zone extending through the refractory. A ceramic baffle insert is concentrically disposed within the forward end of the reactor chamber. The baffle defines at least one coal-gas passage extending longitudinally through the baffle and communicates an air-fuel mixture to the reactor zone. A reactor core tube is sealingly engaged by the baffle and in communication with the coal-gas passage. The reactor core tube extends longitudinally through a portion of the reactor zone and terminates in the combustion zone for communicating a coal-gas mixture from the coal-gas passage to the combustion zone.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of a pulverized coal mixture having two kinds of rich and lean concentration has a height of a burner panel reduced and the overall burner simplified. A rich/lean separator (10, 20, 30) is provided within a pulverized coal conduit (2) so that a high concentration mixture is formed in an outer peripheral portion and a low concentration mixture is formed in a central portion within a single pulverized coal conduit. Thus, a rich mixture burner and a lean mixture burner, which have been conventionally provided separately, may be formed into a single burner. Recirculation of air is accelerated by a cutaway slit (20d, 30d) provided in a central portion of the rich/lean separator to make the air flow rate distribution uniform in a pulverized coal nozzle. Also, a duct and an air blow box for the combustion air to be supplied to the pulverized coal flame are not integrally formed continuous in the height direction, but are divided into a plurality of discontinuous units.

Abstract: To provide a pulverized coal burner capable of reducing the NOx concentration at the time of a low load, a pulverized coal burner includes a secondary air nozzle and a tertiary air nozzle concentrically positioned about the outer periphery of a fuel nozzle carrying a pulverized coal with a primary air, and two swirling flow generators are included at least one of these nozzles with a positional relation parallel to a flow of air. One of the swirling flow of the two swirling flow generators can be set strongly. And, under a condition of low air flow rate, air can be supplied from one swirling flow generator alone. Since the swirling strength of the combustion air can be increased, the concentration of NOx produced by the combustion of the pulverized coal can be reduced. Also, because the swirling strength at the time of low load can be increased, the NOx concentration can be reduced by keeping the pulverized coal flame stable.

Abstract: A combustion chamber has a vertically oriented body with an inner surface defining an inner combustion area. A burner is disposed adjacent one end of the body so that the flame of the burner when lit will extend into the combustion area. An annular insert is disposed in the combustion area and generally surrounds the flame of the burner. The annular insert defines a secondary gas introduction zone for introducing secondary gases into the combustion area so that the recycled gases can be oxidized by the burner flame. The insert has an inner surface presenting at least one opening for allowing fluid communication between the introduction zone and the combustion area. The opening is disposed tangentially to the insert inner surface to direct gases in rotational motion to define a film of gases adjacent the inner surface of the combustion chamber. The body of the chamber can include an outer shell and an inner cylindrical liner. The outer shell has a generally horizontal inwardly extending support shelf.

Abstract: A fuel injector for use in a furnace is provided. The fuel injector may include a generally tapered configuration and a nozzle having a plurality of open sections, which preferably have an elliptical configuration, arranged at the output for providing rich segregated fuel streams.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for suppressing flame and pressure pulsations in a furnace which has a burner for generating a flame and a combustion chamber into which the flame is directed. Usually, pressure pulsations can occur in such furnaces, which are induced and amplified by ring vortices rolling up on the outer or peripheral regions of the flame and or fuel/air stream. In order to prevent these ring vortices, it is proposed to surround the flame with an envelope of gas which has a higher flow velocity in the direction of the flame than the peripheral region of the flame or the fuel gas/air flow of the burner, whereby a boundary layer acceleration results, and the vortex formation can no longer take place. The furnace burner is provided with one or more gas discharge openings closely surrounding the burner outlet in order to create the gas envelope.

Abstract: An improvement of a coal firing device applied to coal gasifiers, boilers for power generation, etc. On the inner walls of a ceiling portion (4) of a firing furnace (3) and of a throat portion (2) thereabove, and of a diffuser portion (6) further thereabove, where necessary, plate-like vortex breaker(s) (1A, 1B) is/are provided. Vortex flow of gas in the vicinity of the inner wall surface around the throat portion (2) is thereby weakened and molten slag sticking on the wall surface is suppressed to be pushed up by the gas. There occurs neither staying of molten slag at the diffuser portion (6) nor scattering of slag, and blockade of furnace due to solid-phase slag does not occur.

Abstract: A combustion system in which a coal/primary air mixture is discharged from burners located in the corners of the furnace towards an imaginary circle disposed in the center of the furnace. Air is discharged from air nozzles also located in the corners of the furnace in two flow streams--one directed towards the center of the furnace in a combustion-supporting relation to the fuel, and the other along the inner surfaces of the furnace boundary walls to maintain an oxidizing atmosphere and minimize corrosion and slagging.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving mixing and uniformity of furnace combustion gases in a boiler includes a slag screen 50, slag screen baffle 62 with a plurality of wingwall sections 52 situated between cyclone burner riser sections 64. This arrangement improves overall distribution of the burner exit gases 56 and uniformity by reducing stratification of the gases 58 exiting the burner. Additionally, the present invention increases the heat transfer effectiveness and ash collecting capability.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder air delivery port for introducing air into a fossil fuel-fired boiler and auxiliary equipment. The air delivery port is generally comprised of a linearly translatable and rotatable bundle of open ended cylinders that allow air to be injected with a directional and/or swirling flow pattern without the use of louvered damper blades and spin vanes of conventional air delivery ports.

Abstract: A rotary melting furnace having an enclosure supported for rotation. The enclosure includes a cylindrical shell, a pair of disc-shaped flanges connected to the shell at ends thereof, and a unitary liquid cooling circuit. The shell and the flanges each include a portion of the cooling circuit. The shell portion of the cooling circuit is connected to the flange portions of the cooling circuit by pipes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for reducing NO.sub.x in a combustion zone such as a boiler by spatially selectively injecting a cooling fluid into the combustion zone so that the fluid is entrained to intersect an identifiable NO.sub.x producing zone. The cooling fluid can be water or a gas or mixture of them and whose temperature is sufficiently low or whose combined mass flow and temperature are sufficiently low so that the cooling fluid can reach the NO.sub.x producing zone and cool it to a temperature where the NO.sub.x production is significantly reduced. In one embodiment of the invention a cyclone boiler has a number of identifiable NO.sub.x producing zones. Several of these are targeted by spatially distinct cooling fluid streams placed at strategic locations.

Abstract: A pulverized coal combustion burner includes a pulverized coal nozzle, and secondary and tertiary air nozzles provided in concentric relation to the pulverized coal nozzle. A flame stabilizing ring is provided at an outlet end of the pulverized coal nozzle. A separation wall is provided within the pulverized coal nozzle to divide a passage in this nozzle into two passages. A pulverized coal/air mixture flows straight through the two passages, so that recirculation flows of the pulverized coal/air mixture are formed in proximity to the outlet end of the pulverized coal nozzle. As a result, the ignitability of the pulverized coal, as well as a combustion rate, is enhanced, thereby reducing the amount of discharge of NOx.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner mountable on a boiler furnace. The forward portion of the burner is insertable through an opening in the casing of the furnace so as to extend into the furnace's combustion zone. The burner includes a tubular main body accommodating a feed screw for the solid fuel. The free end of the screw terminates in the forward portion of the burner. The other, closed end of the burner is mounted rotatably in a bearing. A drive rotates the feed screw inside the main body. An ignition chamber is disposed at the forward end portion. One open end of the ignition chamber meets up with the main body and the feed screw terminating within the chamber. An air supply duct with its delivery end in the chamber supplies combustion air to the fuel. An inlet in the main body gives access to the screw and thus permits the supply of fuel from a solid fuel container to the feed screw.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel burner having lower emissions and lower unburned fuel losses by outwardly diverting and swirling pulverized fuel at the outlet of a fuel nozzle carrying the pulverized fuel. Diverting cone is positioned at the outlet of the fuel nozzle and include swirling plates connected there between for outwardly diverting some of the pulverized fuel and swirling a remainder of the pulverized fuel. Together these effects reduce the axial momentum of the fuel, shortening the flame and improving its emission and unburned fuel loss characteristics.

Abstract: A burner (10) for the combustion of fuel comprises a passage (32) through which in operation a mixed flow of fuel and air passes for primary combustion at it's outlet. Two further annular passages (34, 36), concentric with and radially outward of the passage (32), are provided through which supplementary flows of air pass to support the primary combustion. The outlets of the two annular passages (34, 36) diverge to discharge the supplementary flows of air at an angle to the mixed flow of fuel and air. Members (62) are provided in the annular passage which obstruct the discharge of the supplementary flow of air. Furnace gases circulate in the region downstream of the obstruction members (62). Circulation of the furnace gases delays the mixing of the fuel and air mixture with the supplementary air flows to reduce the nitrogen oxides produced.