Abstract: A leading end located in a two-stage entrained-flow bed coal gasifier has a double-walled structure including an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, and cooling water for cooling the leading end is supplied through an interior of the inner cylinder to cool the leading end and is then returned to a base end through a space formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The space formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder has a smaller channel area than the interior of the inner cylinder, and a swirling flow along a guide formed on an outer circumferential surface of the inner cylinder and a substantially linear flow in a longitudinal direction of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are applied to the cooling water returned to the base end through the space formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A slag remover for discharging combustion residues of an incineration plant comprises a trough, which has a trough housing having two side walls, which define the trough width, and having a trough bottom, and which is intended to collect the combustion residues evacuated from a combustion chamber of the incineration plant. The trough further comprises at least two push rams for pushing the combustion residues out of the trough, and a shaft rotatably mounted in two shaft bearings and on which at least one drive lever cooperating with a cylinder-piston unit and at least two output levers connected to respectively one of the push rams are disposed in a rotationally secure manner. The cylinder-piston unit is here designed such that the push rams move back and forth between a retracted position and an extended position. The drive lever is disposed between two output levers.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas treatment system including a denitration device that removes nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas from a heavy fuel-fired boiler, an air preheater that recovers heat in the gas after the nitrogen oxide is removed, an electric precipitator that removes dust while adding ammonia into the gas after heat recovery, a desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxide in the gas after dust removal, and a stack that exhausts the gas after desulfurization to the outside, an ash-shear-force measuring instrument is provided to measure an ash shear force, which is ash flowability, on the downstream side of the electric precipitator, so that a feed rate of an air supply unit that supplies air to the boiler is reduced according to ash shear-force information.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an arrangement structure suitable for an inverted pulverized coal boiler with ultra-high steam temperature steam parameters, including a hearth, wherein the hearth is communicated with a middle uplink flue, and the top of the middle uplink flue is communicated with that of a tail downlink flue.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cyclonic gasifier and cyclonic gasification method. The cyclonic gasifier and cyclonic gasification method involve a chamber having a first portion proximal to a first end and a second portion proximal to a second end, introducing a first fuel to the first portion of the chamber, introducing a second fuel to the chamber; and introducing a first oxidant to accelerate the velocity of the first fuel and swirl the first fuel from the first portion toward the second portion.

Abstract: A combustor for low quality fuels has a devolatilization chamber receiving the fuel and separating the fuel into char and gases. Char from the devolatilization chamber exits through a first port connected to a char chamber. The char chamber reduced the char to gases and ash. Gases generated in both the devolatilization chamber and char chamber are sent to gas and particulate combustion chamber, such as a fluidized bed. The various stages are operated at the optimum temperatures for the contituents provided to that stage. The resulting process has reduced emissions.

Abstract: Systems for stabilizing combustion while minimizing NOx generation by using high-flame-speed additives to stabilize the flame front in combustors operating at relatively low temperatures and/or under oxygen constraints. The system is adapted for use in coal-fired boilers, oil-fired boilers, and gas turbine engines. The methods stabilize the flame front to permit stable combustion under an expanded range of part-load conditions. The system provides substantially complete combustion of coal in coal boilers resulting in ash saleable for use in concrete manufacturing.

Abstract: It is possible to prevent a phenomenon by which the wall temperature of an outer cylinder rises abruptly as a layer of steam covers the inner circumferential surface of the outer cylinder and therefore decreases the heat transfer coefficient thereof, thus preventing a heat damage to the outer cylinder. Also prevented is burnout of the burner resulting from insufficient cooling due to variations in cooling efficiency at a leading end of the burner. A leading end located in a two-stage entrained-flow bed coal gasifier has a double-walled structure including an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, and cooling water for cooling the leading end is supplied through an interior of the inner cylinder to cool the leading end and is then returned to a base end through a space formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a valve for controlling the flow of abrasive particles along a predetermined path from the outlet of a hopper to a conveying line in a particle collection or transportation system. The design of the valve reduces the occurrence of erosive wear resulting from contact with the flow of abrasive particles. A method of making the valve that enhances the hardness of localized areas in the valve that are subject to high wear conditions is also disclosed.

Abstract: With a slag runner on burners or burner niches for protection against dripping slag, which occurs during the gasification of fine-particle fuels that contain ash, within a gasifier, reliable protection of the burner exits or the burner niches to prevent them from becoming clogged with slag is supposed to be made available. This is achieved in that the slag runner (8) is formed by a plurality of pipe elbows (9) through which cooling medium flows, which elbows, in the installed position, form a runner surface that faces into the interior of the gasifier, stands at a slant relative to the gasifier wall (1), and shields the burner (2) or the burner niche (7) at the upper region, in the direction of gravity, which surface configures an essentially acute angle (?) relative to the burner wall (1).

Abstract: This invention relates to a device (3) for the combustion of granular, solid fuel, for example pellets and the like, comprising; a combustion chamber (16), an air inlet (24) for feeding air to the combustion chamber (16) via at least one air chamber (38,39,40) and at least one air-duct (41,42) for attaining an air flow through the combustion chamber (16), a feeding and dosing arrangement (10, 11, 12) for feeding of the fuel into the combustion chamber (16), an ignition device (28) for ignition of the fuel, a control unit (32) for operation of the combustion device (3) and parts co-operating therewith, an outlet (26) for hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber (16), a movably arranged ash feeder (29) with a drive unit (30), controlled by the control unit (32) for automatic feeding of ashes, unburned fuel, and slag products (31), out of the combustion chamber (16), wherein the ash feeder (29) comprises a movable front part (51) having a perforated bottom which constitutes the above mentioned inner bott

Abstract: A stud and stud arrangement protects the water-cooled tubes of a slag tap outlet from corrosion and erosion by flowing slag and flue gas. The stud is a generally annular or ring-like segment. The stud has a projection terminating in an edge adapted to contact a tube at stud contact area, and has a weld surface for receiving a weld. The weld contacts a tube at a weld contact area and thermally and physically connects the stud to a tube. The weld surface area is greater than the stud contact area, thereby improving heat transfer between the tube and stud. The studs are disposed in an arrangement that is staggered in a direction perpendicular to the flow slag and flue gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for sanitizing and deodorizing air. The apparatus includes: a chamber including an inlet adapted to receive contaminated air, an outlet adapted to transport heated air, a baffle adapted to increase the length of a path traveled by air in the chamber, and an ash removal device adapted to remove ash from the chamber; and at least one combustor, wherein the combustor is adapted to combust a fuel to heat the air in the chamber so that the air is sterilized and deodorized, thereby generating such ash.

Abstract: A system, device and method for enhancing burning of a solid object in a combustion process is provided where one or more incineration devices (101) for burning a solid object (101), at least one sonic device (301) and wherein said at least one sonic device (301) is a transmitter of high intensity- ultrasound adapted to, during use, apply high intensity ultrasound to said solid object (101) thereby removing ash from said solid object (101) and increasing the speed of the burning of said solid object (101).

Abstract: An installation for combustion (1) of carbon-containing solids includes an oxide reducing reactor (2), a first cyclone (5), a recuperator (6), an oxidation reactor (3), a second cyclone (4), wherein flows an oxide which is reduced then oxidized in each of the two reactors (2 and 3). In the installation, the fuel is ground before being introduced into the reduction reactor (3). The reduced size of the solid fuel particles enables more complete and faster combustion and enables almost 100% production of fly ashes which are separated from the circulating oxides.

Abstract: Methods by which new or used boilers or furnaces ranging from small industrial to the largest utility units that are designed for coal or oil or natural gas or shredded waste or shredded biomass firing can substantially improve their technical operation and sharply reduce their capital and operating costs by implementing component modifications and process steps that (a) minimize the adverse impacts of coal ash and slag on boiler surfaces and particulate emissions thereby also facilitating the use of oil or gas designed boilers for coal firing, (b) drastically reduce the loss of water used to transport coal in slurry form to power plants, (c) essentially eliminate the combined total nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), mercury (Hg), trace metals, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, (d) separate and permanently sequester carbon dioxide released during combustion and (e) improve the coal and solid fuel combustion efficiency.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion process in a cyclone burner, after start-up thereof, is provided. A fuel and a combustion gas is fed into a combustion chamber of the cyclone burner. The velocity of the combustion gas is kept between a lower and an upper limiting gas velocity. The stoichiometric condition (sub- or over-stoichiometric) is maintained by controlling the amount of fed oxygen to the amount of fed fuel. A shift is made to the other stoichiometric condition while preventing the combustion gas from obtaining a velocity outside the range defined by the lower and upper limiting gas velocity.

Abstract: A biomass gasification system for efficiently extracting heat energy from biomass material. The biomass gasification system includes a primary combustion chamber, a rotating grate within the primary combustion chamber for supporting the biomass during gasification, a feeder unit in communication with the primary combustion chamber for delivering biomass, a secondary combustion chamber fluidly connected to the primary combustion chamber, an oxygen mixer positioned between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and an exhaust stack.

Abstract: A boiler includes a coal pulverizer that pulverizes coal; a coal combustion unit that combusts gasified pulverized coal that has been pulverized by the coal pulverizer; a furnace that combusts gasified fuel generated by the coal combustion unit; a slag formation unit provided in an ash outlet of the coal combustion unit; means for supplying primary air, for supply of the pulverized coal; to the coal pulverizer; means for supplying secondary air, for gasified combustion, to the coal combustion unit; and means for supplying tertiary air, for gasified fuel combustion, to the furnace.

Abstract: An ash melting system of the present invention includes a slagging combustion furnace (10) for melting ash into molten slag; and a slag separating apparatus (50) for bringing the molten slag (121) discharged from the slagging combustion furnace into contact with slag cooling water (152) to produce water-quenched slag (122), and separating the water-quenched slag from the slag cooling water. The ash melting system further includes a gas blowing means for blowing air or inert gas (132) between a slag discharge port (14) of the slagging combustion furnace and the surface of the slag cooling water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial and/or household waste treatment method and to an industrial and/or household waste treatment installation (1). According to the invention, the method is characterised in that it consists of, in particular, the loading of the waste into numerous pierced containers (20), thermolysis of the waste in the containers (20) being conveyed into a pyrolysis oven (12); emptying of the containers (20) into a separation tank (18) in order to separate the products formed by the thermolysis; and treatment of the separated products.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for injecting gasification medium into particle-loaded gasification spaces of fixed-bed, fluidized-bed or entrained-bed gasifiers by means of gasification-medium nozzles, wherein the supply portion the isorate of the gasification medium in the gasification-medium nozzle does not fall below a minimum value, and in the adjoining acceleration portion the gasification medium is constantly accelerated and upon exit from the nozzle orifice is concentrated in a focus.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to high temperature burners such as a solid fuel burner of the type commonly referred to as a gasifier or gasifier combustor. The invention includes a refractory wall structure having an array of tubular members. Refractory material is arranged about the tubular members so that the tubular members protrude from a wall defined by the refractory material by a distance smaller than the diameter of the tubular members.

Abstract: The slagging combustion furnace (10) of the present invention includes a combustion chamber (11, 12, 13) for combusting a combustible gas containing ash and melting the ash, and a slag discharge port (17) for discharging molten slag (20) produced by melting the ash. The slag discharge port (17) is formed by refractory material which is replaceable.

Abstract: A U-type slag-tap firing boiler includes a combustion furnace (5) formed in a volume so that a temperature of a gas flowing through a slag screen (4) separating the combustion furnace (5) and a radiant furnace (6) disposed below the combustion furnace (5) is maintained in a range that ensures the normal functioning of the slag screen (4) even if air is supplied through a burner (2) into the combustion furnace (5) at an air ratio below 1. NOx generation is reduced by decreasing air supply through the burner (2) into the combustion furnace (5) to below 1, burning pulverized coal in a fuel-rich combustion mode in the combustion furnace (5) to crate a reducing atmosphere therein, and heating the interior of the combustion furnace (5) at a temperature around fluid temperature.

Abstract: In the process for treating incineration residues from waste incineration plants, the incineration material is incinerated on a furnace grate. The incineration residues produced are quenched in a wet slag remover and conveyed out of the latter. The wet incineration residues which come out of the wet slag remover are firstly divided into two fractions by means of a screening operation, after which the main fraction is washed with water taken from the wet slag remover, and in the process adhering fine pieces are separated off. The washed pieces of the incineration residues are fed for reuse. The washing water together with the ultra fine pieces which have been taken up during the washing operation pass into the wet slag remover. The fine fraction produced during the mechanical separation operation is fed back to the incineration operation.

Abstract: In a process for influencing the properties of incineration residues from an incineration plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, the incineration is controlled sot that a sintering and/or fusing of the slag takes place as earl as in the incineration bed of the main incineration zone, and as yet unsintered or unfused incineration residues are separated off at the end of the incineration operation and fed back to the incineration operation.

Abstract: A furnace consists of at least one wall-mounted burner tilted downward for feeding air-fuel mixture and of a prism-shaped ash hopper. Slopes of the walls of lower combustion chamber region define the slotted mouth of ash hopper. The bottom airflow device is located below the ash hopper mouth the wall opposite to the airflow nozzle of the bottom airflow device has a concave form. In accordance with said invention the bottom airflow device spans along the entire width of the ash hopper mouth. The concave wall in its upper region meets the ash hopper mouth and an imaginary plane being a continuation of said concave wall crosses the opposite slopes of the wall of ash hopper in its middle region. The axis of bottom airflow nozzle passes along the lower region of said concave wall and is directed to form a 0-to-45 degree angle between said axis and lower region of said concave wall. The concave wall may be tilted relative to horizon at the angle of 20-45 degrees.

Abstract: A method for making harmless a material to be treated containing a pollutant, including the steps of arranging a pair of ejecting nozzles such that nozzle openings thereof are opposed to each other inside a pressure-proof furnace, thermally treating that material, ejecting the thermally treated material through each of the nozzle openings of the nozzles, respectively, and colliding the material ejected through one of the nozzles with that ejected through the other in a space inside the pressure-proof furnace and between a pair of the nozzle openings such that a portion of the pollutant of the material remaining non-decomposed by the thermal treatment may be decomposed.

Abstract: A method of disposing of undesirable chemical compounds in waste dust generated in a first kiln in the manufacture of cement clinker by using the dust and slag as the feedstock material to a second kiln, heating the feedstock material in an oxidizing atmosphere, and raising the heat sufficient to diffuse the waste dust and the slag to form a hydraulic product such as cement clinker and lime but insufficient to volatilize previously precipitated chemical compounds in the feedstock material.

Abstract: Gasification of waste is performed in a gasifier having a gasification space (1) and a liquid rotating slag bath (2). The slag bath (2) is preferably caused to rotate by tangentially injecting gasification medium and/or at least a portion of the waste via a burner toward the surface of the slag bath. Waste with a diameter of to 5 mm is preferably introduced into gasifier (1) above the slag bath (2), while larger waste is preferably introduced directly into the slag bath. Slag is a removed, together with cracked gas accumulated during gasification through the floor of the gasifier via a slag drain having a lateral opening which protrudes above the slag bath.

Abstract: In a method of supplying air to a pulverized solid fuel burner passing through the burner cowl of a furnace, the fuel is dried and then conveyed by means of a given large quantity of hot air, which may or may not be depleted in oxygen in a separator in which the fuel is extracted from it. The fuel is then conveyed to the burner by means of a first portion only of the air from which the fuel has been removed. This conveyor air portion is used as primary combustion-supporting air for burning the fuel in the burner, into which the first portion of air, mixed with the fuel it conveys, is fed via an annular duct. The other portion of the hot air purified in the separator is used at least as additional primary combustion-supporting and flame adjustment air and is fed into the burner peripherally and centrally relative to the first portion of air charged with fuel.

Abstract: A furnace is provided for burning soila organic fuels including highly volatile organic fuels. A combustion chamber with an ash hopper has a slot mouth opening defined by slopes of the walls of the combustion chamber. A burner is disposed beneath the ash hopper mouth opening and extends across its entire width. A bottom blast inlet device generates a turbulent zone in the lower region of the combustion chamber. A duct is further provided for injecting a sulfur-absorbent material into the furnace chamber. The duct is disposed between the burner and the ash chamber and defines a longitudinal axis which traverses the turbulent zone. Preferably, the burner is tilted downwardly and is disposed on a wall in common with the sulfur-absorbent induction duct. The proportion of the sulfur-absorbent materials in the fuel mixture is in the range of 10% to 100% by mass.

Abstract: In a process for recycling fine-particle solids (4) discharged from a reactor vessel (1) at a discharging position of the reactor vessel (1) by means of a gas, at a recycling position (16) of the reactor vessel (1), the solids (4) are separated in a solids separator (3) and subsequently collected in a collecting vessel (8) and from the same are recycled into the reactor vessel (1) by means of a conveying gas. To enhance the operation of the solids separator (3), but without causing an additional load on the reactor vessel (1), an additional gas stream (23) independent of the gas stream in the reactor vessel is conducted through the solids separator (3) in a circuit, in the direction of flow of the solids (4).

Abstract: A method and system for the use of waste coal fines to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from a coal-fired cyclone boiler. A coal water slurry including waste coal fines is injected as a co-firing fuel into a cyclone barrel of the cyclone boiler to partially oxidize the coal water slurry in a central portion of the cyclone barrel where injected. This produces a reducing zone having reducing gas species that convert nitrogen oxides to diatomic nitrogen. The coal water slurry can alternatively be injected into the cyclone barrel from a secondary combustion air conduit. The evaporation of the water from the coal water slurry reduces the overall combustion temperature in the cyclone barrel, further reducing the production of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A method of disposing of undesirable chemical compounds in waste dust generated in a first kiln in the manufacture of cement clinker by using the dust and slag as the feedstock material to a second kiln, heating the feedstock material in an oxidizing atmosphere, and raising the heat sufficient to diffuse the waste dust and the slag to form a hydraulic product such as cement clinker and lime but insufficient to volatilize previously precipitated chemical compounds in the feedstock material.

Abstract: At least one main combustion chamber contains at least one pulverized coal burner. Each pulverized coal burner is operatively arranged for minimizing NO.sub.X production and for maintaining a predetermined operating temperature to liquefy ash within the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber includes a slag drain for removing slag from the combustion chamber. A slag screen is positioned in a generally U-shaped furnace flow pattern. The slag screen is positioned between the combustion chamber and a radiant furnace. The radiant furnace includes a reburning zone for in-furnace No.sub.X reduction. The reburning zone extends between a reburning fuel injection source and at least one overfire air injection port for injecting air.

Abstract: An improved Cyclone furnace particularly suitable for retrofit applications to an existing boiler incorporates a Cyclone furnace and an integrated de-slagging chamber as a single manufactured piece. The Cyclone furnace and the de-slagging chamber are provided with a water cooling circuit which is separate from a water cooling circuit of the existing boiler to which it may be coupled, permitting the improved Cyclone furnace to be easily retrofitted to existing boilers or furnaces, even those not originally designed for Cyclone firing.

Abstract: A method and system for the use of waste coal fines to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions from a coal-fired cyclone boiler. A coal water slurry including waste coal fines is injected as a co-firing fuel into a cyclone barrel of the cyclone boiler to partially oxidize the coal water slurry in a central portion of the cyclone barrel where injected. This produces a reducing zone having reducing gas species that convert nitrogen oxides to diatomic nitrogen. The coal water slurry can alternatively be injected into the cyclone barrel from a secondary combustion air conduit. The evaporation of the water from the coal water slurry reduces the overall combustion temperature in the cyclone barrel, further reducing the production of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Combustible is comminuted and dried, and metal and noncombustible are removed from the coarsely comminuted combustible. Then, the combustible is secondarily comminuted and separated into coarse combustible and fluff which is fine combustible. The coarse combustible of the separated combustible is fed onto a fire grate (2) of a refuse incinerator (1), and burned in flat bed combustion in a primary combustion chamber (4). On the other hand, the fluff is burned in suspended combustion in a secondary combustion chamber (7) with a combustion fluff burner (5) for incinerating combustible. Thus, refuse containing much plastics which is formed into fluff can be efficiently disposed of, whereby the amount of incineration is increased as a whole.

Abstract: A wet ash remover installation includes a first wet ash remover (5) which is placed in operating position under an ash funnel (2) of a boiler and a second, similar, movable wet ash remover (12) placed in reserve position. The wet ash removers (5, 12) respectively consist of a water-filled trough (7) which houses a conveying implement and in which a dip member (4) connected to the ash funnel (2) is immersed. Each trough (7) is provided in one of the side walls (13) and at the same height with an opening (14) extending to the upper edge of the side wall (13) and having a width which corresponds to at least the width of the dip member (4) and a height which corresponds to at least the maximum depth of immersion of the dip member (4) into the wet ash remover (5). The opening (14) is surrounded by a frame (17) supporting a compressible seal (19) and is closed by a rotatable gate (16) which engages the opening (14) from the inside.

Abstract: A hearth particle bed incineration furnace is used to remove dioxin contained in a combustion residue through the mixing of the hearth particle bed particles and the combustion residue at a temperature of at least 400.degree. C., preferably from 400.degree.-600.degree. C., for at least 30 minutes, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours, through the adjustment of the rate of removal of the mixture. An incineration furnace is provided which can be compact and yet have a large capacity and a stable operation over a long period of time.

Abstract: A truck is parked adjacent a coal boiler ash recovery unit and includes a first inlet pipe provided to receive ash from the recovery unit and an outlet pipe provided to convey dust from within the storage chamber of the truck to a bag house where the dust is loaded onto another truck. Water spray may be provided within the storage compartment of the first-mentioned truck to moisten the captured material to reduce dusting.

Abstract: A truck is parked adjacent a coal boiler ash recovery unit and includes a first inlet pipe provided to receive ash from the recovery unit and an outlet pipe provided to convey dust from within the storage chamber of the truck to a bag house where the dust is loaded onto another truck. Water spray may be provided within the storage compartment of the first-mentioned truck to moisten the captured material to reduce dusting.

Abstract: During thermal treatment in a melting cyclone of solids that yield molten products at treatment temperatures, an exhaust gas is separated from the melt in an apparatus following the melting cyclone. The separation of the exhaust gas is implemented in a cyclone-like separating chamber that is fashioned such that a thermal after-treatment of the melt and/or of the exhaust gas can ensue therein in addition to the separation of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method and system for recycling a sulfur sorbent present in the combustion residue of a circulating, fluidized bed, fossil-fuel combustor is disclosed. The method can comprise the steps of, adding water to the combustion residue, classifying the combustion residue into a fuel ash portion and a hydrated sorbent portion, and returning the hydrated sorbent portion to the circulating, fluidized bed, fossil-fuel combustor.

Abstract: Paper mill sludge or similar organic sludges with a high ash content are converted by burning the sludge in a cyclone furnace along with another source of fuel. The heat content of the sludge is recovered and the ash content of the sludge is converted to a glassy slag. A flux, such as limestone, may be added to the sludge before introduction into the cyclone furnace. The slag is useful as a construction material, an abrasive, for roofing products, or for other purposes.

Abstract: Coherent radiation is used to provide the energy, excite and sustain of plasma in which solid waste materials are reduced to a slag-like material from which has been removed the more harmful constituents. The effluvia of the plasma reduction process is scrubbed to remove particulates and the gas is processed by additional heating to eliminate products of incomplete combustion and/or chemically convert harmful constituents. The remaining gas is then safely exhausted into the atmosphere. The solid waste material may be the ash by-product of prior incineration.

Abstract: An improved system for treating waste material in a molten state wherein the waste material in the form of finely pulverized combustible waste material including incombustible material, e.g., pulverized coal, dried sludge derived from sewerage or the like is burnt in a primary combustion furnace and then burnt in a secondary combustion furnace, the incombustible material is molten to form a flow of molten slag and the resultant molten slag is taken to the outside of the system is disclosed. Floatable dust in the combustion waste gas is collected and agglomerated in the atmosphere of a swirling flow having a high temperature enough to keep the incombustible material in a molten state, whereby a flow of molten slag is produced and then it is cooled so as to allow it to be discharged to the outside of the system. The molten slag may flow back by its own gravity weight to the combustion furnace against a counterflow of the waste gas.

Abstract: Harmful constituents are removed from non-combustible solid waste, such as incinerator ash, by continuously feeding a mixture of the solid waste and a combustible excitation material into a reaction chamber, igniting the mix in said chamber and causing it to react in the presence of oxygen until the heat of the reaction causes the solid waste material to become a molten slag and the temperature within the chamber above the molten slag is high enough to destroy substantially all of the harmful constituents in the gaseous effluent released by the formation of the molten slag. The excess molten slag is conducted from the reaction chamber. The effluent is conducted from the reaction chamber into a second chamber where it is rapidly cooled to cause particulate material to precipitate out of the effluent. The effluent is thereafter treated to remove substantially all of the remaining particulate and harmful gases to achieve acceptable environmental quality. The thus treated effluent is released into the atmosphere.