Abstract: A plurality of optical monitoring systems 220,320 sense the concentration of at least one constituent in flue gasses of a furnace 1 and its emission control devices. The monitoring devices 220,320 includes at least one optical source 221 for providing beams 223 through a sampling zone 18 to create a combined signal indicating the amount of various constituents within the sampling zone 18. The combined signal may be fed forward to emission control devices to prepare them for oncoming emissions. The combined signals may also feed backward to adjust the emission control devices. They may also be provided to a control unit 230 to control stoicheometry of the burners of furnace 1. This results in a more efficient system that reduces the amount of emissions released.

Abstract: Apparatus for the combustive destruction of noxious substances comprises an annular combustion zone (C14) surrounded by the exit surface of an inwardly fired foraminous burner (C32) and surrounding the exit surface of an outwardly fired foraminous burner (C42), means (C12) for injecting a gas stream containing at least one noxious substance into the combustion zone, and means for supplying fuel gas and oxidant to the foraminous burners to effect combustion at the exit surfaces.

Abstract: A method for desulfurizing a fluid comprising at least one sulfur compound is provided. The method includes providing an oxide composition comprising at least one byproduct oxide from a process for removing one or more impurities from coal and contacting the oxide composition with the fluid. The oxide composition reacts with the at least one sulfur compound to form a solid precipitate. Methods for operating a coal combustion system are also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for using a facility in which circulates at least one oxide which is reduced and then oxidized in each of both reactors (1, 4) and including a reactor (1) for reducing oxide in which enter a grounded solid fuel material (E1) and oxide (E2), a lower efficiency separation device (2) receiving entrained solids from the reactor (1) for reducing oxide the upper stream of the solids of the lower efficiency separation device (2) being circulated into a higher efficiency separation device (6), in order to separate the solids from the gases and to re-introduce the solids into the reactor (1) for reducing oxides, a carbon separator (3) installed at the outlet of the lower efficiency separation device (2) in order to send the carbonaceous particles into the reactor (1) for reducing oxide and the oxide into a reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide and a separation device (5) receiving entrained solids from the reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide.

Abstract: An oxyfuel boiler structured so as to mix oxygen separated from air with a part of exhaust gas branched from exhaust gas discharged from the boiler for generating vapor and supplying to a vapor demand facility by burning coal fuel, and supply the mixed gas to the boiler as an oxidizing gas for burning the coal, wherein an air separation unit for separating air and manufacturing oxygen from air, an oxygen supply system for leading the oxygen manufactured by the air separation unit to the oxyfuel boiler, a recirculation system for leading a part of exhaust gas branched from the exhaust gas discharged from the oxyfuel boiler to the oxyfuel boiler, and a recirculation fan for supplying the exhaust gas to the recirculation system are installed, respectively.

Abstract: An oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a reactor chamber and a gas distribution arrangement provided in a bottom section of the reactor chamber for introducing gas into the reactor chamber. The gas distributor arrangement includes a first gas feeding system and a second gas feeding system for introducing oxygen-rich gas into the reactor chamber. The first gas feeding system includes a first wind box and the second gas feeding system includes a second wind box. The first wind box has a common wall with the reactor chamber and the second wind box is arranged under the first wind box and has a common wall with the first wind box.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling pollutant emissions in a cement manufacturing facility. The system comprises first and second particulate control devices in series and a sorbent supply provided downstream of the first particulate control device. Exhaust process gas from the pyroprocessing unit of the cement manufacturing facility is conveyed through the first particulate control device in order to remove at least a portion of the kiln dust within the exhaust process gas to form a de-dusted exhaust process gas. The kiln dust removed from the exhaust process gas may then be recycled back to the pyroprocessing unit for use in the kiln feed. The sorbent supply injects a sorbent for capturing pollutants into the de-dusted exhaust process gas upstream of the second particulate control device to form a treated gas. The spent sorbent containing the captured pollutants is removed from the treated gas within the second particulate control device to form a cleansed exhaust process gas.

Abstract: A plant for purifying the flue gases from a furnace, in particular from a rotary cement kiln, has at least one selective reduction catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides present in the flue gas, optionally introduction of a reducing agent and a dust filter or precipitation system. The dust precipitation system is formed by at least one first and one second filter apparatus. The reduction catalyst is arranged between the first and second filter apparatuses.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for achieving reduced mercury emissions from a power plant at a minimum cost. The parameters of the combustion chamber and a sorbent injector are manipulated to control the residual carbon in ash and the injected sorbent. These two elements combine to reduce mercury in the exhaust gas to an acceptable level.

Abstract: In a method for operating a steam generator, a transport reactor is provided. Only a substantially pure oxygen feed stream is introduced into the transport reactor in an amount sufficient to maintain the transport reactor at or above a specific system load. The specific load is the system load when only the substantially pure oxygen feed stream is provided to the transport reactor at a minimum flow velocity for operating the transport reactor. A fuel is combusted in the presence of the substantially pure oxygen feed stream to produce a flue gas, which contains solid material. The solid material is separated from the flue gas and passed to a heat exchanger. The heat exchange may be one of a moving bed heat exchanger or a fluidized bed heat exchanger. The solid material is directed to the transport reactor to contribute to the combustion process.

Abstract: A method of reducing particulate matter and mercury emissions in a combustion flue gas includes, in an exemplary embodiment, combusting a fuel resulting in generation a flue gas flow, cooling the flue gas flow within a duct, positioning a flow conditioning apparatus within the duct, enhancing a reaction rate of the mercury and carbon-containing fly ash particles by directing the flue gas flow through the flow conditioning apparatus to mix the carbon-containing fly ash particles and mercury within the flue gas flow and to facilitate at least one of oxidation of the mercury and binding the mercury to the carbon-containing fly ash particles, collecting a portion of the carbon-containing fly ash particles in the flow conditioning apparatus, and directing the flue gas flow to a particulate collection device to remove the remaining portion of the fly ash particles from flue gas flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas incinerator device comprising a combustion chamber having a heater body producing combustion gas, at least one fan feeding the heater body with cool air to ensure combustion, and an exhaust chimney for exhausting the mixture formed by the combustion gas and the cool air, the combustion chamber being mounted in the exhaust chimney in such a manner as to leave an annular duct between the combustion chamber and the exhaust chimney to pass a flow of combustion cool air and/or of cooling air coming from said at least one fan, said combustion chamber having a plurality of injection orifices and/or tubes enabling a fraction of the cool air flowing in the annular duct to be injected therein.

Abstract: An air infiltration abatement system (300) for a power plant (10) includes a recirculated flue gas source (175), a recirculated flue gas supply line (310) connected to the recirculated flue gas source (175) and a power plant component. The power plant component has a leakage area in fluid communication with the recirculated flue gas supply line (310). The recirculated flue gas source (175) receives a combustion flue gas (75) from an oxygen fired boiler (20) of the power plant (10), and provides the combustion flue gas (75) to the recirculated flue gas supply line (310). The recirculated flue gas supply line (310) supplies the combustion flue gas (75) as a recirculated flue gas (330) to the oxygen fired boiler (20) via the leakage area of the power plant component.

Abstract: A system and process for maximizing the generation of electrical power from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The hydrocarbon feedstocks are first gasified and then oxidized in a two-chamber system and process using oxygen gas rather than ambient air. Intermediate gases generated in the system and process are recirculated and recycled to the gasification and oxidation chambers in order to maximize energy production. The energy produced through the system and process is used to generate steam and produce power through conventional steam turbine technology. In addition to the release of heat energy, the hydrocarbon feedstocks are oxidized to the pure product compounds of water and carbon dioxide, which are subsequently purified and marketed. The system and process minimizes environmental emissions.

Abstract: Method and a system for capturing mercury in a flue gas are provided. The method includes partially oxidizing a carbonaceous solid fuel in a gasifier such that a thermally activated carbon-containing solid sorbent and gaseous gasification products are generated wherein the gasifier is proximate to a combustion system for combusting a mercury containing fuel. The method further includes storing the generated thermally activated carbon-containing solid sorbent proximate to the combustion system and combusting a mercury containing fuel in a combustion zone of the combustion system wherein mercury released during combustion is entrained in flue gas generated by the combustion. The method also includes injecting the thermally activated solid sorbent in the flue gas downstream of the combustion zone and absorbing at least a portion of the entrained mercury on the thermally activated solid sorbent.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas treatment system including a denitration device that removes nitrogen oxide in exhaust gas from a heavy fuel-fired boiler, an air preheater that recovers heat in the gas after the nitrogen oxide is removed, an electric precipitator that removes dust while adding ammonia into the gas after heat recovery, a desulfurization device that removes sulfur oxide in the gas after dust removal, and a stack that exhausts the gas after desulfurization to the outside, an ash-shear-force measuring instrument is provided to measure an ash shear force, which is ash flowability, on the downstream side of the electric precipitator, so that a feed rate of an air supply unit that supplies air to the boiler is reduced according to ash shear-force information.

Abstract: A furnace, firing pattern and method of operating a heater that employs a combination of hearth burners and wall burners for the cracking of hydrocarbons is described. The firing pattern leads to improvements in the uniformity of the coil metal temperatures and vertical heat flux profiles over the firebox elevation. The hearth burners operate with a stoichiometric excess of air while the wall burners operate with less than the stoichiometric amount of air.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved boiler assemblies (10) with enhanced pollution abatement properties through injection and recycling of particulate sorbent materials including sodium bicarbonate, trona, and mixtures thereof. The assemblies (10) include a boiler (12), economizer (14), air heater (15), and recirculation reactor (16). Fresh sorbent material is introduced via assembly (60) into the boiler assembly (10) at one or more injection locations, and serves to sorb NOx, SOx, and other pollutants in the flue gas. The flue gas and entrained sorbent material then pass through reactor (16) for separation of sorbent, which is then recycled for injection back into the assembly (10) upstream of reactor (16). The present invention can also be used in industrial applications where the same emissions are generated and are needed to be controlled. Examples of such applications are Cement and Lime Kilns.

Abstract: A sealpot for a combustion power plant includes a downcomer standpipe which receives solids of the combustion power plant, a bed including a first end and a second opposite end, the first end connected to the downcomer standpipe, a discharge standpipe disposed at the second opposite end of the bed, and an orifice plate disposed between the bed and the discharge standpipe separating the discharge standpipe from the bed. The orifice plate includes apertures disposed at a height above the bed which allow transport of fluidized solids and gas through the orifice plate.

Abstract: A carbon fuel combustion process, employing an air gas separation unit, a combustion unit operating either with air or with an oxidizer leaner in nitrogen than air, coming from the air gas separation unit, and a unit for compressing and/or purifying the CO2 coming from the combustion flue gas, wherein the power consumed by the air gas separation unit and/or the flow of oxygen produced by the air gas separation unit and/or the capture of the CO2 coming from the combustion flue gas are variable over time is presented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing purifying vaporizable contaminants such as mercury from a particulate material. Particulate material is first contacted with heated gases to vaporize the contaminants and entrain the material in the gases. The gases are directed to a first dust collector to remove the entrained particulates, after which a sorbent or chemical reagent is injected in the gases to interact with the contaminants and form a contaminant containing product that is entrained in the gases. The product is then separated from the gases in a second collector.

Abstract: A pulverized coal thermal power generation system that significantly reduces the amount of NOx emissions from a boiler and does not require a denitration unit is provided. When a denitration unit is not used, performance to remove mercury from a boiler waste gas is reduced. A waste gas purification system for a pulverized coal boiler, that compensates for this is provided. A pulverized coal boiler having a furnace for burning pulverized coal, burners for supplying pulverized coal and air used for combustion into the furnace so as to burn the pulverized coal in an insufficient air state and after-air ports provided on the downstream side of the burners for supplying air used for perfect combustion characterized in that, an air ratio in the furnace is 1.05 to 1.14, and the residence time of a combustion gas from the burner disposed on the uppermost stage to a main after-air port is 1.1 to 3.3 seconds.

Abstract: An oxyfuel combustion boiler plant having a first boiler and a second boiler for injecting gas including oxygen in higher concentration than that in the air, gas including carbon dioxide in higher concentration than that in the air, and fuel from a burner and generating steam by combustion gas in a furnace, respectively, comprising: an exhaust gas supply pipe for supplying exhaust gas discharged from the first boiler to a burner of the second boiler, and a gas flow rate control apparatus for controlling a flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas supply pipe.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury from flue gases generated by the combustion of coal comprises: storing a starter batch of activated carbon in an agglomerated state; de-agglomerating the starter batch in a separation device to create a contact batch of activated carbon; transporting the contact batch to a contact location; injecting the contact batch into contact with the flue gas at a contact location having a temperature between 400° F. and 1100° F., whereupon the activated carbon of the contact batch adsorbs mercury from the flue gas; and removing the activated carbon having mercury adsorbed thereon from the flue gas. The transporting step is conducted with substantially no intermediate storage of the contact batch following the de-agglomeration of the starter batch to prevent re-agglomeration of the activated carbon prior to injection.

Abstract: A system and method for configuring a steam turbine in a power plant to supply steam from a low pressure section of the steam turbine to a flue-gas processing unit in the power plant.

Abstract: A process for improving the operation of combustors includes the steps of burning a carbonaceous fuel in a combustor system and determining combustion conditions within the combustor system that can benefit from a targeted treatment additive, wherein the determinations are made by calculation including computational fluid dynamics and observation. The process further includes locating introduction points in the combustor system where introduction of the targeted treatment additive could be accomplished. Based on the previous steps, a treatment regimen for introducing the targeted treatment additive to locations within the combustor system results in one or more benefits selected from the group consisting of reducing the opacity of plume, improving combustion, reducing slag, reducing LOI and/or unburned carbon, reducing corrosion, and improving electrostatic precipitator performance. The targeted treatment additive comprises an alloy represented by the following generic formula (Aa)n(Bb)n(Cc)n(Dd)n(. . .

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a method of reducing an amount of mercury discharged to an environment in a flue gas (12) generated by combustion of a fuel source. The method includes contacting the flue gas with a moist pulverous material upstream of a particle separator (24), mixing powdered activated carbon (PAC) in an amount between about 0.5 lb/MMacf and 10 lbs/MMacf with the flue gas (12) upstream of the particle separator (24), wherein the PAC interacts with at least a portion of mercury containing compounds in the flue gas (12), and separating the mercury containing compounds from the flue gas (12) containing the moist pulverous material and PAC, thereby reducing an amount of mercury in the flue gas (12).

Abstract: An embodiment is an emissions reduction system for exhaust gases. The emissions reduction system includes a reaction chamber with one or more parallel flow tubes. Each parallel flow tube includes a heating element to heat exhaust gases to oxidize PICs and other pollutants contained in and/or carried by the exhaust gases. The reaction chamber may also include an adjustable bypass for the exhaust gases to variably bypass the parallel flow tubes. The reaction chamber may further include an oxidizing agent injector to improve the oxidation of the PICs and other pollutants in the reaction chamber. The emissions reduction system of an embodiment may further include a catalyst bed in fluid communication with the reaction chamber to further reduce emissions.

Abstract: A device for increasing service life of a combustion installation is disclosed. The combustion installation has a gas-conducting component and a conducted gas has dirt particles. The gas-conducting component has a layer which is partially detached together with the dirt particles of the gas when the layer is impinged with the gas and when a dirt particle is deposited on the layer.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ? reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ? reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ? increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ? increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; ? decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ? make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optimizing air flow to a boiler of a power generating unit using advanced optimization, modeling, and control techniques. Air flow is optimized to maintain flame stability, minimize air pollution emissions, and improve efficiency. An optimizer determines optimal setpoint values for manipulated variables associated with the power generating unit by using a model to minimize the value of a cost function while observing at least one constraint associated with operation of the power generating unit.

Abstract: A method and a plant for capturing CO2 from an exhaust gas from combustion of carbonaceous material are described. At least a part of the combustion gas is introduced into a biol fuel boiler as an oxygen containing gas, to increase the concentration of CO2 and decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas before introduction into an absorption column for separation of CO2.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatuses for removing aerosols and, in some cases, vapor phase contaminants, such as mercury, from a gas stream. One method is directed to the removal of additional aerosols from a gas stream from which aerosols have previously been removed by using a screen in combination with a primary aerosol collection device. Another method is directed to the removal of both aerosols and vapor phase contaminants by using a sorbent in combination with a screen. Another method is directed to the removal of vapor phase contaminants by using a catalyst to convert the contaminant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream and optionally injecting a chemical to increase the rate of conversion. The invention also provides various apparatuses for use in performing the various methods of the invention.

Abstract: A system for treating a contaminated gas stream is provided that includes a comminution device 204 operable to effect size reduction of a plurality of sorbent particles and form a plurality of comminuted particles, a plurality of nozzles 224 distributed through the gas stream and operable to introduce the plurality of comminuted particles into the gas stream, and a particle removal device 104 operable to remove at least most of the introduced comminuted particles and form a treated gas stream. The comminution device is in direct fluid communication with the nozzles.

Abstract: A method of removing mercury from flue gases from combustion plants, such as for example power plants or waste incineration plants, is achieved in which mercury-containing flue gases are brought into contact with an adsorption reagent either directly or indirectly by being contained in an absorption reagent, whereby mercury is substantially adsorbed by the adsorption reagent during this contact. After adsorption has occurred the adsorption reagent is separated from the flue gases and subsequently from the absorption reagent and added to an aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent, whereby the adsorbed mercury dissolves as Hg2+. The Hg2+-containing solution is subsequently separated from the adsorption agent and the Hg2+ then is removed from the solution. This method enables the mercury to be removed from flue gas in a simple and economical manner.

Abstract: Power is produced using fuel, preferably with a sulfur content larger than 1% wt, from raw and/or preprocessed oil residues which are burned alone, i.e. without any addition of sorbents, diluents or the like, with a CFB boiler, a pitch boiler or a downshot boiler to generate high pressure steam and/or power and residual emissions. Residual emissions are cleaned to simultaneously remove PM, NOx and SO2 therefrom. The sulfur in emissions can be used to produce sulfuric acid. The process uses a low cost fuel, generates steam, and/or power and sulfuric acid and meets all emission requirements for PM, NOx and SO2.

Abstract: An in-furnace combustion application process method and apparatus reduces nitrogen oxides in flue gas by injecting a bitumen, carbon residue or an asphalt water emulsion or a mixture thereof into flue gas so that the three types of emulsions (injected individually or as a blend) mixes with said flue gas. The emulsions are preferably atomized before injection and may also be injected in jet streams.

Abstract: A system for removing mercury from combustion gas. The system includes a combustion device, a stack, and a duct system that couples the combustion device to the stack. The system further comprises an injection system that is coupled to the duct system. The injection system injects sorbents including alkali-based sorbents and carbon-based sorbents into the duct system.

Abstract: Pollution control substances may be formed from the combustion of oil shale, which may produce a kerogen-based pyrolysis gas and shale sorbent, each of which may be used to reduce, absorb, or adsorb pollutants in pollution producing combustion processes, pyrolysis processes, or other reaction processes. Pyrolysis gases produced during the combustion or gasification of oil shale may also be used as a combustion gas or may be processed or otherwise refined to produce synthetic gases and fuels.

Abstract: An oxyfuel boiler 1 is equipped with an oxygen separation apparatus 23 to produce oxygen by separating oxygen from the air, a recirculation fan 26 to supply a portion of combustion flue gas branched from the combustion flue gas discharged from the boiler to the oxyfuel boiler 1, a temperature sensor 14a to detect gas temperature at a boiler outlet 1d in the oxyfuel boiler 1, and a control apparatus 150 to calculate gas temperature at a furnace outlet 1c in the boiler from the gas temperature at the boiler outlet 1d detected by the temperature sensor 14a and control the operating condition of the recirculation fan 26 so that the calculated gas temperature at the furnace outlet 1c becomes a desired preset gas temperature.

Abstract: A method for operating a fluidized-bed reactor includes introducing an alkali-containing material into a fluidized-bed reactor and introducing hydrous clay into the fluidized-bed reactor, the hydrous clay having a moisture content of at least about 5% by weight. The method further includes heating at least a portion of the alkali-containing material and hydrous clay, such that at least a portion of the hydrous clay is at least partially calcined and the at least partially calcined clay adsorbs at least a portion of alkali present in the fluidized-bed reactor. The method further includes removing at least a portion of the at least partially calcined clay and adsorbed alkali from the fluidized-bed reactor.

Abstract: An oil reconversion devices 1a and 1b for waste plastics which thermally crack a waste plastic Ro by heating it and converts a generated cracker gas Gr into oil by cooling it, equipped with a thermal cracking bath 2 which has a bath main body 4 placed inside a coil 3 . . . , induction-heats the bath main body 4 by feeding a high-frequency current through the coil 3 . . . , and thermally cracks at least a molten plastic Rd obtained from the waste plastic Ro to generate the cracker gas Gr, an injection port 5 through which the waste plastic Ro is injected, a feeder 6 which supplies the waste plastic Ro injected through this injection port 5 to the thermal cracking bath 2 via a forced or direct feeding means Ua or Ub without a bath, and an oil conversion processor 7 which cools and converts the cracker gas Gr generated by the thermal cracking bath 2 into oil.

Abstract: An oxy/fuel combustion system having a furnace arranged and disposed to combust a fuel to form a combustion fluid. The system further includes a convective section having at least one heat exchanger arranged and disposed to exchange heat between the combustion fluid and steam for use in a steam turbine. A flue gas recycle is arranged and disposed to recycle at least a portion of the combustion fluid as a recycled flue gas, the flue gas recycle having at least two expellant locations downstream of a primary combustion zone. The system includes a flow control mechanism that provides controlled amounts of the recycled flue gas to the at least two expellant locations to control temperature of the steam.

Abstract: A precombustor having a chamber having a first end and a second end, and an inlet configured to deliver a substantially parallel flow of solid fuel surrounded by oxygen at the first end. The first end further includes a recirculation step and the second end fluidly communicates with a furnace. The inlet and the recirculation step are arranged to form a recirculation zone of at least a portion of the solid fuel and the oxygen. A combustion system and method for operating a combustion system are also disclosed.

Abstract: An oxy/coal combustion system and method include a furnace arranged and disposed to receive and combust a first solid fuel to form a combustion fluid, a convective section having one or more inlet devices, the convective section arranged and disposed to receive and combust a second fuel in the presence of the oxygen, and one or more heat exchangers arranged and disposed to exchange heat with the combustion fluid.

Abstract: The disclosure includes a combustion system including a primary reactor arranged and disposed to receive a solid fuel and a first oxygen stream and deliver a first substantially gaseous product and a substantially solid or molten product, a secondary reactor in fluid communication with the primary reactor, and a furnace in fluid communication with the secondary reactor.

Abstract: A combustion system having a furnace arranged and disposed to receive solid fuel and oxygen and combust the solid fuel and oxygen to form a flue gas. The system includes a heat exchanger arrangement arranged and disposed to receive heat from the flue gas, where the heat exchanger arrangement has a predetermined heat exchange capacity. A water injection arrangement is arranged and disposed to provide water to the flue gas to controllably adjust the flue gas mass flow rate and temperature to provide the predetermined heat exchange capacity.

Abstract: A method of combusting sulfur-containing fuel in a circulating fluidized bed boiler includes the steps of (a) feeding sulfur-containing fuel into a furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, (b) combusting the fuel with oxidant gas consisting essentially of pure oxygen and circulated exhaust gas, so as to form exhaust gas having carbon dioxide and water as its main components, and (c) feeding calcium carbonate containing material into the furnace so as to capture sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfate in the furnace. The temperature in the furnace is maintained above 870° C.

Abstract: A method is provided for injecting a substance into a boiler of a waste incineration plant using a gaseous propellant, the substance being conducted, starting from at least one distributor, via lines which branch off from the distributor, in each case to a nozzle which is assigned to the respective line and by means of which the substance and the propellant are injected into the boiler. The substance quantity to be conducted to the respective nozzle is set in the distributor. The boiler is subdivided into multiple boiler sectors, in which the nozzles are arranged in a plurality of horizontal nozzle planes. To each boiler sector at least one separate distributor is assigned. The substance and the propellant are combined upstream of the branch-off with the respective line.

Abstract: A hot oxygen stream containing radicals is fed into a gas stream, such as a catalyst regenerator flue gas stream, that contains carbon monoxide to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.